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Dee R, Smith M, Rajendran K, Perkins GD, Smith CM, Vaillancourt C, Avis S, Brooks S, Castren M, Chung SP, Considine J, Escalante R, Han LS, Hatanaka T, Hazinski MF, Hung K, Kudenchuk P, Morley P, Ng KC, Nishiyama C, Semeraro F, Smyth M, Vaillancourt C. The effect of alternative methods of cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Cough CPR, percussion pacing or precordial thump - on outcomes following cardiac arrest. A systematic review. Resuscitation 2021; 162:73-81. [PMID: 33582257 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves cardiac arrest survival. Cough CPR, percussion pacing and precordial thump have been reported as alternative CPR techniques. We aimed to summarise in a systematic review the effectiveness of these alternative CPR techniques. METHODS We searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library on 24/08/2020. We included randomised controlled trials, observational studies and case series with five or more patients. Two reviewers independently reviewed title and abstracts to identify studies for full-text review, and reviewed bibliographies and 'related articles' (using PubMed) of full-texts for further eligible studies. We extracted data and performed risk-of-bias assessments on studies included in the systematic review. We summarised data in a narrative synthesis, and used GRADE to assess evidence certainty. RESULTS We included 23 studies (cough CPR n = 4, percussion pacing n = 4, precordial thump n = 16; one study studied two interventions). Only two (both precordial thump) had a comparator group ('standard' CPR). For all techniques evidence certainty was very low. Available evidence suggests that precordial thump does not improve survival to hospital discharge in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The review did not find evidence that cough CPR or percussion pacing improve clinical outcomes following cardiac arrest. CONCLUSION Cough CPR, percussion pacing and precordial thump should not be routinely used in established cardiac arrest. In specific inpatient, monitored settings cough CPR (in conscious patients) or percussion pacing may be attempted at the onset of a potential lethal arrhythmia. These must not delay standard CPR efforts in those who lose cardiac output. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019152925.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Dee
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Michael Smith
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kausala Rajendran
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Gavin D Perkins
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | | | - Suzanne Avis
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Steven Brooks
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Maaret Castren
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sung Phil Chung
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Julie Considine
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Raffo Escalante
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Lim Swee Han
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Tetsuo Hatanaka
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Kevin Hung
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Peter Kudenchuk
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Peter Morley
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kee-Chong Ng
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Chika Nishiyama
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Federico Semeraro
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Michael Smyth
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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Adult Basic Life Support: International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Resuscitation 2020; 156:A35-A79. [PMID: 33098921 PMCID: PMC7576327 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations on basic life support summarizes evidence evaluations performed for 20 topics that were prioritized by the Basic Life Support Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. The evidence reviews include 16 systematic reviews, 3 scoping reviews, and 1 evidence update. Per agreement within the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, new or revised treatment recommendations were only made after a systematic review. Systematic reviews were performed for the following topics: dispatch diagnosis of cardiac arrest, use of a firm surface for CPR, sequence for starting CPR (compressions-airway-breaths versus airway-breaths-compressions), CPR before calling for help, duration of CPR cycles, hand position during compressions, rhythm check timing, feedback for CPR quality, alternative techniques, public access automated external defibrillator programs, analysis of rhythm during chest compressions, CPR before defibrillation, removal of foreign-body airway obstruction, resuscitation care for suspected opioid-associated emergencies, drowning, and harm from CPR to victims not in cardiac arrest. The topics that resulted in the most extensive task force discussions included CPR during transport, CPR before calling for help, resuscitation care for suspected opioid-associated emergencies, feedback for CPR quality, and analysis of rhythm during chest compressions. After discussion of the scoping reviews and the evidence update, the task force prioritized several topics for new systematic reviews.
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3
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Olasveengen TM, Mancini ME, Perkins GD, Avis S, Brooks S, Castrén M, Chung SP, Considine J, Couper K, Escalante R, Hatanaka T, Hung KK, Kudenchuk P, Lim SH, Nishiyama C, Ristagno G, Semeraro F, Smith CM, Smyth MA, Vaillancourt C, Nolan JP, Hazinski MF, Morley PT, Svavarsdóttir H, Raffay V, Kuzovlev A, Grasner JT, Dee R, Smith M, Rajendran K. Adult Basic Life Support: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation 2020; 142:S41-S91. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation(CPR)and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendationson basic life support summarizes evidence evaluations performed for 22 topics that were prioritized by the Basic Life Support Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. The evidence reviews include 16 systematic reviews, 5 scoping reviews, and 1 evidence update. Per agreement within the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, new or revised treatment recommendations were only made after a systematic review.Systematic reviews were performed for the following topics: dispatch diagnosis of cardiac arrest, use of a firm surface for CPR, sequence for starting CPR (compressions-airway-breaths versus airway-breaths-compressions), CPR before calling for help, duration of CPR cycles, hand position during compressions, rhythm check timing, feedback for CPR quality, alternative techniques, public access automated external defibrillator programs, analysis of rhythm during chest compressions, CPR before defibrillation, removal of foreign-body airway obstruction, resuscitation care for suspected opioid-associated emergencies, drowning, and harm from CPR to victims not in cardiac arrest.The topics that resulted in the most extensive task force discussions included CPR during transport, CPR before calling for help, resuscitation care for suspected opioid-associated emergencies, feedback for CPR quality, and analysis of rhythm during chest compressions. After discussion of the scoping reviews and the evidence update, the task force prioritized several topics for new systematic reviews.
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4
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Freeman WK, Freeman KR, Abuissa HS. Spontaneous Pothole Cardioversion of a Wide Complex Tachycardia. JACC Case Rep 2020; 2:951-955. [PMID: 34317389 PMCID: PMC8302050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
External mechanical forces, if properly timed and of sufficient energy, have rarely been reported to convert tachyarrhythmias to sinus rhythm. We report a case of a patient with a wide-complex tachycardia that spontaneously converted to sinus rhythm after an ambulance ran over a pothole during emergency transport to the hospital. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbur K. Freeman
- Department of Cardiology, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Katelyn R. Freeman
- Department of Cardiology, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Hussam S. Abuissa
- Department of Cardiology, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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5
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Quinn TA, Kohl P. Cardiac Mechano-Electric Coupling: Acute Effects of Mechanical Stimulation on Heart Rate and Rhythm. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:37-92. [PMID: 32380895 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is vital for biological function in almost all chordates, including humans. It beats continually throughout our life, supplying the body with oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products. If it stops, so does life. The heartbeat involves precise coordination of the activity of billions of individual cells, as well as their swift and well-coordinated adaption to changes in physiological demand. Much of the vital control of cardiac function occurs at the level of individual cardiac muscle cells, including acute beat-by-beat feedback from the local mechanical environment to electrical activity (as opposed to longer term changes in gene expression and functional or structural remodeling). This process is known as mechano-electric coupling (MEC). In the current review, we present evidence for, and implications of, MEC in health and disease in human; summarize our understanding of MEC effects gained from whole animal, organ, tissue, and cell studies; identify potential molecular mediators of MEC responses; and demonstrate the power of computational modeling in developing a more comprehensive understanding of ‟what makes the heart tick.ˮ.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Alexander Quinn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; and CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kohl
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; and CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Soar J, Nolan J, Böttiger B, Perkins G, Lott C, Carli P, Pellis T, Sandroni C, Skrifvars M, Smith G, Sunde K, Deakin C. Erweiterte Reanimationsmaßnahmen für Erwachsene („adult advanced life support“). Notf Rett Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-017-0330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Aktuelle Empfehlungen zum Basic/Advanced Life Support. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2016; 111:670-681. [DOI: 10.1007/s00063-016-0216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Soar J, Nolan JP, Böttiger BW, Perkins GD, Lott C, Carli P, Pellis T, Sandroni C, Skrifvars MB, Smith GB, Sunde K, Deakin CD. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 3. Adult advanced life support. Resuscitation 2016; 95:100-47. [PMID: 26477701 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 925] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Soar
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
| | - Jerry P Nolan
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK; School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Bernd W Böttiger
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany
| | - Gavin D Perkins
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carsten Lott
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pierre Carli
- SAMU de Paris, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Necker University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Tommaso Pellis
- Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency Medical Service, Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Claudio Sandroni
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Markus B Skrifvars
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gary B Smith
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Research & Education, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Kjetil Sunde
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles D Deakin
- Cardiac Anaesthesia and Cardiac Intensive Care, NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Abstract
Mechanical forces will have been omnipresent since the origin of life, and living organisms have evolved mechanisms to sense, interpret, and respond to mechanical stimuli. The cardiovascular system in general, and the heart in particular, is exposed to constantly changing mechanical signals, including stretch, compression, bending, and shear. The heart adjusts its performance to the mechanical environment, modifying electrical, mechanical, metabolic, and structural properties over a range of time scales. Many of the underlying regulatory processes are encoded intracardially and are, thus, maintained even in heart transplant recipients. Although mechanosensitivity of heart rhythm has been described in the medical literature for over a century, its molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Thanks to modern biophysical and molecular technologies, the roles of mechanical forces in cardiac biology are being explored in more detail, and detailed mechanisms of mechanotransduction have started to emerge. Mechano-gated ion channels are cardiac mechanoreceptors. They give rise to mechano-electric feedback, thought to contribute to normal function, disease development, and, potentially, therapeutic interventions. In this review, we focus on acute mechanical effects on cardiac electrophysiology, explore molecular candidates underlying observed responses, and discuss their pharmaceutical regulation. From this, we identify open research questions and highlight emerging technologies that may help in addressing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Peyronnet
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.P., P.K.); Departments of Developmental Biology and Internal Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.M.N.); Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany (R.P., P.K.)
| | - Jeanne M Nerbonne
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.P., P.K.); Departments of Developmental Biology and Internal Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.M.N.); Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany (R.P., P.K.)
| | - Peter Kohl
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.P., P.K.); Departments of Developmental Biology and Internal Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.M.N.); Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany (R.P., P.K.).
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10
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Soar J, Nolan J, Böttiger B, Perkins G, Lott C, Carli P, Pellis T, Sandroni C, Skrifvars M, Smith G, Sunde K, Deakin C. Erweiterte Reanimationsmaßnahmen für Erwachsene („adult advanced life support“). Notf Rett Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-015-0085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Nehme Z, Andrew E, Bernard SA, Smith K. Treatment of monitored out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia utilising the precordial thump. Resuscitation 2013; 84:1691-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Pellis T, Pausler D, Gaiarin M, Franceschino E, Epstein A, Boulin C, Kohl P. Off-patient assessment of pre-cordial impact mechanics among medical professionals in North-East Italy involved in emergency cardiac resuscitation. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 110:390-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Fletcher DJ, Boller M, Brainard BM, Haskins SC, Hopper K, McMichael MA, Rozanski EA, Rush JE, Smarick SD. RECOVER evidence and knowledge gap analysis on veterinary CPR. Part 7: Clinical guidelines. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2012; 22 Suppl 1:S102-31. [PMID: 22676281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2012.00757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present a series of evidence-based, consensus guidelines for veterinary CPR in dogs and cats. DESIGN Standardized, systematic evaluation of the literature, categorization of relevant articles according to level of evidence and quality, and development of consensus on conclusions for application of the concepts to clinical practice. Questions in five domains were examined: Preparedness and Prevention, Basic Life Support, Advanced Life Support, Monitoring, and Post-Cardiac Arrest Care. Standardized worksheet templates were used for each question, and the results reviewed by the domain members, by the RECOVER committee, and opened for comments by veterinary professionals for 4 weeks. Clinical guidelines were devised from these findings and again reviewed and commented on by the different entities within RECOVER as well as by veterinary professionals. SETTING Academia, referral practice and general practice. RESULTS A total of 74 worksheets were prepared to evaluate questions across the five domains. A series of 101 individual clinical guidelines were generated. In addition, a CPR algorithm, resuscitation drug-dosing scheme, and postcardiac arrest care algorithm were developed. CONCLUSIONS Although many knowledge gaps were identified, specific clinical guidelines for small animal veterinary CPR were generated from this evidence-based process. Future work is needed to objectively evaluate the effects of these new clinical guidelines on CPR outcome, and to address the knowledge gaps identified through this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Fletcher
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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15
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Pride YB, Frost EJ, Anderson PD, Cutlip DE. Precordial steering wheel: a fortunate accident. J Emerg Med 2011; 41:e83-e87. [PMID: 19022610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia has been associated with motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). However, we were unable to find reported cases of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) leading to ventricular tachyarrhythmia and subsequent MVC. In such patients, decisions regarding antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy need to balance the risk of ongoing myocardial ischemia and hemorrhage. OBJECTIVES To describe a case of STEMI and ventricular fibrillation (VF) associated with a head-on MVC, and to describe the management decisions involved in the care of such a patient. CASE REPORT A 47-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department after a single-car head-on collision with a wall at high speed. He had a facial degloving injury as well as right-sided flail chest. An electrocardiogram demonstrated ST-segment elevation in the inferior and anterior leads. Due to the patient's significant traumatic injuries, he underwent a rapid trauma evaluation and was transferred for emergent cardiac catheterization, which demonstrated evidence of plaque rupture in the right coronary artery (RCA). Flow distal to the lesion was preserved, so stent implantation was initially deferred out of concern for hemorrhage secondary to the aggressive antiplatelet and antithrombotic regimen requisite with stent implantation. The patient then went into VF in the cardiac catheterization laboratory, and repeat angiography demonstrated an occluded RCA, and the patient underwent successful stent implantation. CONCLUSION The management of STEMI in the setting of trauma is complex. Pharmacologic agents used in STEMI increase the risk of bleeding, and management must balance the risk of prolonged ischemia with the risk of hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri B Pride
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Pérez-Vela J, López-Messa J, Martín-Hernández H, Herrero-Ansola P. Novedades en soporte vital avanzado. Med Intensiva 2011; 35:373-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nolan JP, Soar J, Zideman DA, Biarent D, Bossaert LL, Deakin C, Koster RW, Wyllie J, Böttiger B. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 1. Executive summary. Resuscitation 2011; 81:1219-76. [PMID: 20956052 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 847] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry P Nolan
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK
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18
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European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 4. Adult advanced life support. Resuscitation 2011; 81:1305-52. [PMID: 20956049 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 751] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Koster RW, Sayre MR, Botha M, Cave DM, Cudnik MT, Handley AJ, Hatanaka T, Hazinski MF, Jacobs I, Monsieurs K, Morley PT, Nolan JP, Travers AH. Part 5: Adult basic life support: 2010 International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Resuscitation 2011; 81 Suppl 1:e48-70. [PMID: 20956035 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolph W Koster
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Reanimación cardiopulmonar avanzada (segunda parte) los cambios que deben efectuarse para la reanimación cardiovascular avanzada según las guías 2010 presentadas en chicago. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0120-5633(11)70168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Sayre MR, Koster RW, Botha M, Cave DM, Cudnik MT, Handley AJ, Hatanaka T, Hazinski MF, Jacobs I, Monsieurs K, Morley PT, Nolan JP, Travers AH. Part 5: Adult basic life support: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation 2010; 122:S298-324. [PMID: 20956253 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.970996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Cave DM, Gazmuri RJ, Otto CW, Nadkarni VM, Cheng A, Brooks SC, Daya M, Sutton RM, Branson R, Hazinski MF. Part 7: CPR techniques and devices: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2010; 122:S720-8. [PMID: 20956223 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.970970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A variety of CPR techniques and devices may improve hemodynamics or short-term survival when used by well-trained providers in selected patients. All of these techniques and devices have the potential to delay chest compressions and defibrillation. In order to prevent delays and maximize efficiency, initial training, ongoing monitoring, and retraining programs should be offered to providers on a frequent and ongoing basis. To date, no adjunct has consistently been shown to be superior to standard conventional (manual) CPR for out-of-hospital basic life support, and no device other than a defibrillator has consistently improved long-term survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J Maron
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA.
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Pellis T, Kohl P. Extracorporeal cardiac mechanical stimulation: precordial thump and precordial percussion. Br Med Bull 2010; 93:161-77. [PMID: 20007187 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldp045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION External cardiac mechanical stimulation is one of the fastest resuscitative manoeuvres possible in the emergency setting. Precordial thump (PT), initially reported for treatment of atrio-ventricular block, has been subsequently described to cardiovert also ventricular tachycardia (VT) and fibrillation (VF). PT efficacy, mechanics and mechanisms remain poorly characterized. SOURCES OF DATA Appropriate MESH and free terms were searched on PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Cross-referencing from articles and reviews, and forward search using SCOPUS and Google scholar have also been performed. Pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to retrieved references on PT, which were then reviewed, summarized and interpreted. AREAS OF AGREEMENT PT is not effective in treating VF, and of limited use for VT, although it has a very good safety profile (97% no changed/improved rhythm). If delivered, PT should be applied as early as possible after cardiac arrest, and cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should begin with no delay if not effective. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY A relatively large fraction of reported positive outcomes (both for PT and the less forceful but serially applied precordial percussion) in witnessed asystole should be considered when critically reviewing present CPR recommendations. In addition, mechanisms, energy requirements and timing are analysed and discussed. GROWING POINTS AND AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH The 2005 ALS guidelines recommend PT delivery only by healthcare professionals trained in the technique. The use of training aids should therefore be explored, regardless of whether they are based on stand-alone devices or integrated within resuscitation mannequins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Pellis
- Emergency Medical Service, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Via Monterale 24, Pordenone, Italy.
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Madias C, Maron BJ, Alsheikh-Ali AA, Rajab M, Estes NAM, Link MS. Precordial thump for cardiac arrest is effective for asystole but not for ventricular fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2009; 6:1495-500. [PMID: 19968931 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2009.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precordial thump for cardiac arrest remains controversial. Although precordial blows can trigger ventricular fibrillation (VF) (i.e., commotio cordis), they paradoxically have been regarded as potential therapy for cardiac arrest. In commotio cordis, impact energy and resultant peak left ventricular (LV) pressure are important variables in VF initiation. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between LV pressures generated by thumps and their effectiveness in defibrillation of VF or resuscitation of asystole after defibrillation. METHODS After induction of VF, 10 swine each received 18 chest thumps; two sets of three thumps each with a clenched fist, a 30-mph lacrosse ball, and a 40-mph lacrosse ball. If asystole followed defibrillation, manual thumps were given to induce ventricular depolarizations until resumption of spontaneous rhythm. RESULTS During VF, generated LV pressure (mmHg) was 263 +/- 52 with manual thumps, 392 +/- 179 with 30-mph ball thumps, and 616 +/- 182 with 40-mph ball thumps (P <.001). None of the 180 thumps terminated VF. All episodes required electrical defibrillation. During asystole, generated LV pressures were greater for thumps that induced ventricular depolarizations than for those that did not (111 +/- 27 mmHg vs 73 +/- 23 mmHg, P <.001). A significant association was observed between induction of ventricular depolarizations and thump-generated LV pressures (odds ratio 2.0 per 10 mmHg rise in LV pressure, 95% confidence interval 1.8-2.1). CONCLUSION Despite generating high LV pressures, precordial thumps were not effective in terminating VF. Based on these data, precordial thump for VF in cardiac arrest victims cannot be recommended but for asystolic victims might be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Madias
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Meyer S, Löffler G, Gortner L, Abdul-Khaliq H. Iatrogenic ventricular tachycardia. Eur J Pediatr 2009; 168:753-5. [PMID: 18773222 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-008-0827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias may complicate the clinical course in infants and children following cardiac surgery. Here, we report on a 6-week-old neonate who developed life-threatening ventricular tachycardia with cardio-circulatory compromise after the removal of a substernal catheter that surrounded the heart. The treating physician should be prepared for device-related ventricular tachycardia when temporary devices are removed, and adequate treatment must be initiated immediately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Saarland, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
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Pellis T, Kette F, Lovisa D, Franceschino E, Magagnin L, Mercante WP, Kohl P. Utility of pre-cordial thump for treatment of out of hospital cardiac arrest: A prospective study. Resuscitation 2009; 80:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Haman L, Parizek P, Vojacek J. Precordial thump efficacy in termination of induced ventricular arrhythmias. Resuscitation 2009; 80:14-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Miller JM, Bhakta D. The Precordial Thump: Convertio Cordis, Commotio Cordis, or Neither? PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2007; 30:151-2. [PMID: 17338708 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2007.00642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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