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Müller S, von Bonin S, Schneider R, Krüger M, Quick S, Schröttner P. Shewanella putrefaciens, a rare human pathogen: A review from a clinical perspective. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1033639. [PMID: 36817694 PMCID: PMC9933709 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1033639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens is a gramnegative, facultatively anaerobic, rod shaped bacterium. It belongs to the class of the Gammaproteobacteria and was first described in 1931. S. putrefaciens is part of the marine microflora and especially present in moderate and warm climates. The bacterium is a rare oppurtonistic human pathogen associated mainly with intra-abdominal as well as skin and soft tissue infections. However, it has also been reported in association with more severe diseases such as pneumonia, intracerebral and ocular infections and endocarditis. In these cases the clinical courses are often associated with underlying, predisposing diseases and risk factors. For successful treatment of S. putrefaciens, a combination of appropriate local therapy, e.g. surgical treatment or drainage, and antibiotic therapy should be performed. Since multiple resistances to antibiotics are described, the results of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing must be considered for effective therapy as well. Furthermore, a main challenge in clinical practice is the accurate microbiological identification, and especially the correct differentiation between S. putrefaciens and S. algae. Under certain circumstances, Shewanella-infections can have severe, sometimes even fatal consequences. Therefore, we decided to present the current state of knowledge as well as further aspects with regard to future diagnostics, therapy and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Müller
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany,*Correspondence: Stephanie Müller,
| | - Simone von Bonin
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralph Schneider
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Krüger
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Quick
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Percy Schröttner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
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Ryan MP, Pembroke JT. The Genus Ochrobactrum as Major Opportunistic Pathogens. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1797. [PMID: 33207839 PMCID: PMC7696743 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochrobactrum species are non-enteric, Gram-negative organisms that are closely related to the genus Brucella. Since the designation of the genus in 1988, several distinct species have now been characterised and implicated as opportunistic pathogens in multiple outbreaks. Here, we examine the genus, its members, diagnostic tools used for identification, data from recent Ochrobactrum whole genome sequencing and the pathogenicity associated with reported Ochrobactrum infections. This review identified 128 instances of Ochrobactrum spp. infections that have been discussed in the literature. These findings indicate that infection review programs should consider investigation of possible Ochrobactrum spp. outbreaks if these bacteria are clinically isolated in more than one patient and that Ochrobactrum spp. are more important pathogens than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Ryan
- Department of Applied Sciences, Limerick Institute of Technology, Moylish V94 EC5T, Limerick, Ireland;
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX2, Ireland
| | - J. Tony Pembroke
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX2, Ireland
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Alonso CA, Kwabugge YA, Anyanwu MU, Torres C, Chah KF. Diversity of Ochrobactrum species in food animals, antibiotic resistance phenotypes and polymorphisms in the blaOCH gene. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 364:4084567. [PMID: 28911188 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-six lactose non-fermenting, oxidase, urease and citrate-positive Gram-negative rods, isolated from broiler chickens, pigs and cattle at slaughter, were subjected to the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16S rDNA sequencing for identification. Susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials was determined by the disc diffusion method. Ochrobactrum isolates resistant to third-generation cephalosporins were PCR-screened for the presence of the Ochrobactrum anthropi ampC gene (blaOCH). A 547-bp internal segment of blaOCH in the Ochrobactrum spp isolates was amplified with a newly designed primer set, and a phylogenetic reconstruction based on the complete amino acid sequence of blaOCH obtained from nine Ochrobactrum strains in our collection and 20 O. anthropi available in the GenBank was undertaken. All the Ochrobactrum isolates were resistant to the expanded-spectrum beta-lactams and streptomycin. None of the isolates was resistant to imipenem while 41.7% to 50.0% of them were resistant to fluoroquinolones. The blaOCH gene was detected in 16 (66.7%) and 20 (83.3%) of the 24 Ochrobactrum isolates (O. intermedium/O. tritici species), using primers designed for O. anthropi and the newly designed primer set, respectively. Six blaOCH variants grouped into two divergent clusters were identified. This is the first report of the complete nucleotide sequence of the blaOCH gene in non-antropi Ochrobactrum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Andrea Alonso
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Yakubu A Kwabugge
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Madubuike U Anyanwu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Kennedy F Chah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
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Jäckel C, Hertwig S, Scholz HC, Nöckler K, Reetz J, Hammerl JA. Prevalence, Host Range, and Comparative Genomic Analysis of Temperate Ochrobactrum Phages. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1207. [PMID: 28713341 PMCID: PMC5492332 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochrobactrum and Brucella are closely related bacteria that populate different habitats and differ in their pathogenic properties. Only little is known about mobile genetic elements in these genera which might be important for survival and virulence. Previous studies on Brucella lysogeny indicated that active phages are rare in this genus. To gain insight into the presence and nature of prophages in Ochrobactrum, temperate phages were isolated from various species and characterized in detail. In silico analyses disclosed numerous prophages in published Ochrobactrum genomes. Induction experiments showed that Ochrobactrum prophages can be induced by various stress factors and that some strains released phage particles even under non-induced conditions. Sixty percent of lysates prepared from 125 strains revealed lytic activity. The host range and DNA similarities of 19 phages belonging to the families Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, or Podoviridae were determined suggesting that they are highly diverse. Some phages showed relationship to the temperate Brucella inopinata phage BiPB01. The genomic sequences of the myovirus POA1180 (41,655 bp) and podovirus POI1126 (60,065 bp) were analyzed. Phage POA1180 is very similar to a prophage recently identified in a Brucella strain isolated from an exotic frog. The POA1180 genome contains genes which may confer resistance to chromate and the ability to take up sulfate. Phage POI1126 is related to podoviruses of Sinorhizobium meliloti (PCB5), Erwinia pyrifoliae (Pep14), and Burkholderia cenocepacia (BcepIL02) and almost identical to an unnamed plasmid of the Ochrobactrum intermedium strain LMG 3301. Further experiments revealed that the POI1126 prophage indeed replicates as an extrachromosomal element. The data demonstrate for the first time that active prophages are common in Ochrobactrum and suggest that atypical brucellae also may be a reservoir for temperate phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Jäckel
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk AssessmentBerlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hertwig
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk AssessmentBerlin, Germany
| | - Holger C Scholz
- German Center for Infection Research, Bundeswehr Institute of MicrobiologyMunich, Germany
| | - Karsten Nöckler
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk AssessmentBerlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Reetz
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk AssessmentBerlin, Germany
| | - Jens A Hammerl
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk AssessmentBerlin, Germany
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Takata T, Chikumi H, Morishita S, Hamada S, Hoi S, Iyama T, Fukui T, Matono T, Fukuda S, Munemura C, Isomoto H. Shewanella algae Bacteremia in an End-stage Renal Disease Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Intern Med 2017; 56:729-732. [PMID: 28321079 PMCID: PMC5410489 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A 71-year-old man was admitted because of nausea and abdominal pain. He was receiving an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent for anemia and dysregulated iron metabolism due to stage G5 chronic kidney disease. He had a history of raw fish intake and was diagnosed with infectious enterocolitis, which worsened and led to septic shock. Shewanella putrefaciens grew in the blood culture, but Shewanella algae was identified in a 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. We herein report a case of S. algae bacteremia believed to have been transmitted orally. We also reviewed previous case reports on Shewanella infection in end-stage renal disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Takata
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
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Fu X, Wang D, Yin X, Du P, Kan B. Time course transcriptome changes in Shewanella algae in response to salt stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96001. [PMID: 24789066 PMCID: PMC4006864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella algae, which produces tetrodotoxin and exists in various seafoods, can cause human diseases, such as spondylodiscitis and bloody diarrhea. In the present study, we focused on the temporal, dynamic process in salt-stressed S. algae by monitoring the gene transcript levels at different time points after high salt exposure. Transcript changes in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, membrane transport, regulatory functions, and cellular signaling were found to be important for the high salt response in S. algae. The most common strategies used by bacteria to survive and grow in high salt environments, such as Na+ efflux, K+ uptake, glutamate transport and biosynthesis, and the accumulation of compatible solutes, were also observed in S. algae. In particular, genes involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis and DNA repair were highly and steadily up-regulated, accompanied by rapid and instantaneous enhancement of the transcription of large- and small-ribosome subunits, which suggested that the structural changes in the cell wall and some stressful responses occurred in S. algae. Furthermore, the transcription of genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the glycolytic pathway was decreased, whereas the transcription of genes involved in anaerobic respiration was increased. These results, demonstrating the multi-pathway reactions of S. algae in response to salt stress, increase our understanding of the microbial stress response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Duochun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiling Yin
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pengcheng Du
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Quirino A, Pulcrano G, Rametti L, Puccio R, Marascio N, Catania MR, Matera G, Liberto MC, Focà A. Typing of Ochrobactrum anthropi clinical isolates using automated repetitive extragenic palindromic-polymerase chain reaction DNA fingerprinting and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:74. [PMID: 24655432 PMCID: PMC3977698 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ochrobactrum anthropi (O. anthropi), is a non-fermenting gram-negative bacillus usually found in the environment. Nevertheless, during the past decade it has been identified as pathogenic to immunocompromised patients. In this study, we assessed the usefulness of the automated repetitive extragenic palindromic-polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR-based DiversiLab™ system, bioMèrieux, France) and of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF MS) for typing of twentythree O. anthropi clinical isolates that we found over a four-months period (from April 2011 to August 2011) in bacteriemic patients admitted in the same operative unit of our hospital. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), commonly accepted as the gold standard technique for typing, was also used. Analysis was carried out using the Pearson correlation coefficient to determine the distance matrice and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) to generate dendogram. RESULTS Rep-PCR analysis identified four different patterns: three that clustered together with 97% or more pattern similarity, and one whose members showed < 95% pattern similarity. Interestingly, strains isolated later (from 11/06/2011 to 24/08/2011) displayed a pattern with 99% similarity. MALDI-TOF MS evaluation clustered the twentythree strains of O. anthropi into a single group containing four distinct subgroups, each comprising the majority of strains clustering below 5 distance levels, indicating a high similarity between the isolates. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that these isolates are clonally-related and the methods used afforded a valuable contribution to the epidemiology, prevention and control of the infections caused by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Quirino
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pulcrano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathology L. Califano, Medicine School, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Linda Rametti
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rossana Puccio
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nadia Marascio
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Catania
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathology L. Califano, Medicine School, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Matera
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Liberto
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alfredo Focà
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
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