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Palzkill VR, Tan J, Yang Q, Morcos J, Laitano O, Ryan TE. Deletion of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in endothelial cells improves ischemic angiogenesis in chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H44-H60. [PMID: 37921663 PMCID: PMC11213484 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00530.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a strong risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD) that is associated with worsened clinical outcomes. CKD leads to the accumulation of tryptophan metabolites that are associated with adverse limb events in PAD and are ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which may regulate ischemic angiogenesis. To test if endothelial cell-specific deletion of the AHR (AHRecKO) alters ischemic angiogenesis and limb function in mice with CKD subjected to femoral artery ligation. Male AHRecKO mice with CKD displayed better limb perfusion recovery and enhanced ischemic angiogenesis compared with wild-type mice with CKD. However, the improved limb perfusion did not result in better muscle performance. In contrast to male mice, deletion of the AHR in female mice with CKD had no impact on perfusion recovery or angiogenesis. With the use of primary endothelial cells from male and female mice, treatment with indoxyl sulfate uncovered sex-dependent differences in AHR activating potential and RNA sequencing revealed wide-ranging sex differences in angiogenic signaling pathways. Endothelium-specific deletion of the AHR improved ischemic angiogenesis in male, but not female, mice with CKD. There are sex-dependent differences in Ahr activating potential within endothelial cells that are independent of sex hormones.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms by which chronic kidney disease worsens ischemic limb outcomes in an experimental model of peripheral artery disease. Deletion of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in the endothelium improved ischemic angiogenesis suggesting that AHR inhibition could be a viable therapeutic target; however, this effect was only observed in male mice. Subsequent analysis in primary endothelial cells reveals sex differences in Ahr activating potential independent of sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Palzkill
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Jianna Tan
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Qingping Yang
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Juliana Morcos
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Orlando Laitano
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- The Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Terence E Ryan
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- The Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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Palzkill VR, Tan J, Yang Q, Morcos J, Laitano O, Ryan TE. Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Endothelial Cells Impairs Ischemic Angiogenesis in Chronic Kidney Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.24.550410. [PMID: 37546909 PMCID: PMC10401998 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.24.550410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a strong risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD) that is associated with worsened clinical outcomes. CKD leads to accumulation of tryptophan metabolites that associate with adverse limb events in PAD and are ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) which may regulate ischemic angiogenesis. Objectives To test if endothelial cell-specific deletion of the AHR (AHRecKO) alters ischemic angiogenesis and limb function in mice with CKD subjected to femoral artery ligation. Findings Male AHRecKO mice with CKD displayed better limb perfusion recovery and enhanced ischemic angiogenesis compared to wildtype mice with CKD. However, the improved limb perfusion did not result in better muscle performance. In contrast to male mice, deletion of the AHR in female mice with CKD had no impact on perfusion recovery or angiogenesis. Using primary endothelial cells from male and female mice, treatment with indoxyl sulfate uncovered sex-dependent differences in AHR activating potential and RNA sequencing revealed wide ranging sex-differences in angiogenic signaling pathways. Conclusion Endothelium-specific deletion of the AHR improved ischemic angiogenesis in male, but not female, mice with CKD. There are sex-dependent differences in Ahr activating potential within endothelial cells that are independent of sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R. Palzkill
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jianna Tan
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Qingping Yang
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Juliana Morcos
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Orlando Laitano
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Exercise Science, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- The Myology Institute, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Terence E. Ryan
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Exercise Science, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- The Myology Institute, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Singh MV, Dokun AO. Diabetes mellitus in peripheral artery disease: Beyond a risk factor. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1148040. [PMID: 37139134 PMCID: PMC10149861 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1148040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is one of the major cardiovascular diseases that afflicts a large population worldwide. PAD results from occlusion of the peripheral arteries of the lower extremities. Although diabetes is a major risk factor for developing PAD, coexistence of PAD and diabetes poses significantly greater risk of developing critical limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) with poor prognosis for limb amputation and high mortality. Despite the prevalence of PAD, there are no effective therapeutic interventions as the molecular mechanism of how diabetes worsens PAD is not understood. With increasing cases of diabetes worldwide, the risk of complications in PAD have greatly increased. PAD and diabetes affect a complex web of multiple cellular, biochemical and molecular pathways. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular components that can be targeted for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we describe some major developments in enhancing the understanding of the interactions of PAD and diabetes. We also provide results from our laboratory in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu V. Singh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ayotunde O. Dokun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Centre, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Correspondence: Ayotunde O. Dokun
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Bui TA, Jickling GC, Winship IR. Neutrophil dynamics and inflammaging in acute ischemic stroke: A transcriptomic review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1041333. [PMID: 36620775 PMCID: PMC9813499 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1041333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Restoring blood flow through recanalization is currently the only acute treatment for cerebral ischemia. Unfortunately, many patients that achieve a complete recanalization fail to regain functional independence. Recent studies indicate that activation of peripheral immune cells, particularly neutrophils, may contribute to microcirculatory failure and futile recanalization. Stroke primarily affects the elderly population, and mortality after endovascular therapies is associated with advanced age. Previous analyses of differential gene expression across injury status and age identify ischemic stroke as a complex age-related disease. It also suggests robust interactions between stroke injury, aging, and inflammation on a cellular and molecular level. Understanding such interactions is crucial in developing effective protective treatments. The global stroke burden will continue to increase with a rapidly aging human population. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of age-dependent vulnerability are poorly defined. In this review, we will discuss how neutrophil-specific gene expression patterns may contribute to poor treatment responses in stroke patients. We will also discuss age-related transcriptional changes that may contribute to poor clinical outcomes and greater susceptibility to cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong An Bui
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Glen C. Jickling
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ian R. Winship
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,*Correspondence: Ian R. Winship,
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Sahinturk Y, Kucukseymen S, Avci R, Akarsu A, Yolcular BO, Koker G, Tokuc A, Bayar N, Arslan S. Visceral fat index: a novel predictor for coronary collateral circulation. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2020; 64:150-158. [PMID: 32236316 PMCID: PMC10118954 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was designed to investigate the role of visceral adiposity along with other clinical parameters in predicting poor coronary collateral circulation (CCC) among patients with severe obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Subjects and methods A total of 135 patients with severe obstructive CAD and good (n = 70) or poor (n = 65) CCC were included. Data on angiographically detected CCC, the quality criteria for CCC (Rentrop scores) and visceral fat index (VFI) obtained via bioelectrical impedance were compared between good and poor CCC groups. Independent predictors of poor CCC, the correlation between VFI and Rentrop score and the role of VFI in the identification of CCC were analyzed. Results A significant negative correlation was noted between VFI and Rentrop scores (r = -0.668, < 0.001). The presence of hypertension (OR 4.244, 95% CI 1.184 to 15.211, p = 0.026) and higher VFI (OR 1.955, 95% CI 1.342 to 2.848, p < 0.001) were shown to be independent predictors of an increased risk for poor CCC. ROC analysis revealed a VFI > 9 (AUC [area under the curve] (95% CI): 0.898 (0.834-0.943), p < 0.0001) to be a potential predictor of poor CCC with a sensitivity of 95.38% and specificity of 85.71%. Conclusion In conclusion, our findings revealed comorbid hypertension and higher VFI to significantly predict the risk of poor CCC in patients with severe obstructive CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Sahinturk
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Antalya, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Kucukseymen
- Departments of Cardiology, Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Antalya, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Rauf Avci
- Departments of Cardiology, Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Antalya, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayse Akarsu
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Antalya, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Gokhan Koker
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Antalya, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Tokuc
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Antalya, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nermin Bayar
- Departments of Cardiology, Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Antalya, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sakir Arslan
- Departments of Cardiology, Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Antalya, Antalya, Turkey
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Heuslein JL, Gorick CM, Price RJ. Epigenetic regulators of the revascularization response to chronic arterial occlusion. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:701-712. [PMID: 30629133 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is the leading cause of lower limb amputation and estimated to affect over 202 million people worldwide. PAD is caused by atherosclerotic lesions that occlude large arteries in the lower limbs, leading to insufficient blood perfusion of distal tissues. Given the severity of this clinical problem, there has been long-standing interest in both understanding how chronic arterial occlusions affect muscle tissue and vasculature and identifying therapeutic approaches capable of restoring tissue composition and vascular function to a healthy state. To date, the most widely utilized animal model for performing such studies has been the ischaemic mouse hindlimb. Despite not being a model of PAD per se, the ischaemic hindlimb model does recapitulate several key aspects of PAD. Further, it has served as a valuable platform upon which we have built much of our understanding of how chronic arterial occlusions affect muscle tissue composition, muscle regeneration and angiogenesis, and collateral arteriogenesis. Recently, there has been a global surge in research aimed at understanding how gene expression is regulated by epigenetic factors (i.e. non-coding RNAs, histone post-translational modifications, and DNA methylation). Thus, perhaps not unexpectedly, many recent studies have identified essential roles for epigenetic factors in regulating key responses to chronic arterial occlusion(s). In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of action of these epigenetic regulators and highlight several recent studies investigating the role of said regulators in the context of hindlimb ischaemia. In addition, we focus on how these recent advances in our understanding of the role of epigenetics in regulating responses to chronic arterial occlusion(s) can inform future therapeutic applications to promote revascularization and perfusion recovery in the setting of PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Heuslein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd, Box 800759, Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Catherine M Gorick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd, Box 800759, Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Richard J Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd, Box 800759, Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Sun N, Ning B, Bruce AC, Cao R, Seaman SA, Wang T, Fritsche-Danielson R, Carlsson LG, Peirce SM, Hu S. In vivo imaging of hemodynamic redistribution and arteriogenesis across microvascular network. Microcirculation 2019; 27:e12598. [PMID: 31660674 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arteriogenesis is an important mechanism that contributes to restoration of oxygen supply in chronically ischemic tissues, but remains incompletely understood due to technical limitations. This study presents a novel approach for comprehensive assessment of the remodeling pattern in a complex microvascular network containing multiple collateral microvessels. METHODS We have developed a hardware-software integrated platform for quantitative, longitudinal, and label-free imaging of network-wide hemodynamic changes and arteriogenesis at the single-vessel level. By ligating feeding arteries in the mouse ear, we induced network-wide hemodynamic redistribution and localized arteriogenesis. The utility of this technology was demonstrated by studying the influence of obesity on microvascular arteriogenesis. RESULTS Simultaneously monitoring the remodeling of competing collateral arterioles revealed a new, inverse relationship between initial vascular resistance and extent of arteriogenesis. Obese mice exhibited similar remodeling responses to lean mice through the first week, including diameter increase and flow upregulation in collateral arterioles. However, these gains were subsequently lost in obese mice. CONCLUSIONS Capable of label-free, comprehensive, and dynamic quantification of structural and functional changes in the microvascular network in vivo, this platform opens up new opportunities to study the mechanisms of microvascular arteriogenesis, its implications in diseases, and approaches to pharmacologically rectify microvascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naidi Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bo Ning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anthony C Bruce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Scott A Seaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tianxiong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Leif G Carlsson
- Bioscience Heart Failure, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Song Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Castro PR, Barbosa AS, Pereira JM, Ranfley H, Felipetto M, Gonçalves CAX, Paiva IR, Berg BB, Barcelos LS. Cellular and Molecular Heterogeneity Associated with Vessel Formation Processes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6740408. [PMID: 30406137 PMCID: PMC6199857 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6740408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The microvasculature heterogeneity is a complex subject in vascular biology. The difficulty of building a dynamic and interactive view among the microenvironments, the cellular and molecular heterogeneities, and the basic aspects of the vessel formation processes make the available knowledge largely fragmented. The neovascularisation processes, termed vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis, are important to the formation and proper functioning of organs and tissues both in the embryo and the postnatal period. These processes are intrinsically related to microvascular cells, such as endothelial and mural cells. These cells are able to adjust their activities in response to the metabolic and physiological requirements of the tissues, by displaying a broad plasticity that results in a significant cellular and molecular heterogeneity. In this review, we intend to approach the microvasculature heterogeneity in an integrated view considering the diversity of neovascularisation processes and the cellular and molecular heterogeneity that contribute to microcirculatory homeostasis. For that, we will cover their interactions in the different blood-organ barriers and discuss how they cooperate in an integrated regulatory network that is controlled by specific molecular signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollyana Ribeiro Castro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Alan Sales Barbosa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Jousie Michel Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Hedden Ranfley
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Mariane Felipetto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Xavier Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Isabela Ribeiro Paiva
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Bárbara Betônico Berg
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Luciola Silva Barcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
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Heuslein JL, Gorick CM, McDonnell SP, Song J, Annex BH, Price RJ. Exposure of Endothelium to Biomimetic Flow Waveforms Yields Identification of miR-199a-5p as a Potent Regulator of Arteriogenesis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:829-844. [PMID: 30153567 PMCID: PMC6118158 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arteriogenesis, the growth of endogenous collateral arteries bypassing arterial occlusion(s), is a fundamental shear stress-induced adaptation with implications for treating peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Nonetheless, endothelial mechano-signaling during arteriogenesis is incompletely understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that a mechanosensitive microRNA, miR-199a-5p, regulates perfusion recovery and collateral arteriogenesis following femoral arterial ligation (FAL) via control of monocyte recruitment and pro-arteriogenic gene expression. We have previously shown that collateral artery segments exhibit distinctly amplified arteriogenesis if they are exposed to reversed flow following FAL in the mouse. We performed a genome-wide analysis of endothelial cells exposed to a biomimetic reversed flow waveform. From this analysis, we identified mechanosensitive miR-199a-5p as a novel candidate regulator of collateral arteriogenesis. In vitro, miR-199a-5p inhibited pro-arteriogenic gene expression (IKKβ, Cav1) and monocyte adhesion to endothelium. In vivo, following FAL in mice, miR-199a-5p overexpression impaired foot perfusion and arteriogenesis. In contrast, a single intramuscular anti-miR-199a-5p injection elicited a robust therapeutic response, including complete foot perfusion recovery, markedly augmented arteriogenesis (>3.4-fold increase in segment conductance), and improved gastrocnemius tissue composition. Finally, we found plasma miR-199a-5p to be elevated in human PAD patients with intermittent claudication compared to a risk factor control population. Through our transformative analysis of endothelial mechano-signaling in response to a biomimetic amplified arteriogenesis flow waveform, we have identified miR-199a-5p as both a potent regulator of arteriogenesis and a putative target for treating PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Heuslein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Catherine M Gorick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stephanie P McDonnell
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ji Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brian H Annex
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Richard J Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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10
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Heuslein JL, McDonnell SP, Song J, Annex BH, Price RJ. MicroRNA-146a Regulates Perfusion Recovery in Response to Arterial Occlusion via Arteriogenesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:1. [PMID: 29404323 PMCID: PMC5786509 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth of endogenous collateral arteries that bypass arterial occlusion(s), or arteriogenesis, is a fundamental shear stress-induced adaptation with implications for treating peripheral arterial disease. MicroRNAs (miRs) are key regulators of gene expression in response to injury and have strong therapeutic potential. In a previous study, we identified miR-146a as a candidate regulator of vascular remodeling. Here, we tested whether miR-146a regulates in vitro angiogenic endothelial cell (EC) behaviors, as well as perfusion recovery, arteriogenesis, and angiogenesis in response to femoral arterial ligation (FAL) in vivo. We found miR-146a inhibition impaired EC tube formation and migration in vitro. Following FAL, Balb/c mice were treated with a single, intramuscular injection of anti-miR-146a or scramble locked nucleic acid (LNA) oligonucleotides directly into the non-ischemic gracilis muscles. Serial laser Doppler imaging demonstrated that anti-miR-146a treated mice exhibited significantly greater perfusion recovery (a 16% increase) compared mice treated with scramble LNA. Moreover, anti-miR-146a treated mice exhibited a 22% increase in collateral artery diameter compared to controls, while there was no significant effect on in vivo angiogenesis or muscle regeneration. Despite exerting no beneficial effects on angiogenesis, the inhibition of mechanosensitive miR-146a enhances perfusion recovery after FAL via enhanced arteriogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Heuslein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Stephanie P McDonnell
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ji Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Brian H Annex
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Richard J Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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11
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Okyere B, Creasey M, Lebovitz Y, Theus MH. Temporal remodeling of pial collaterals and functional deficits in a murine model of ischemic stroke. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 293:86-96. [PMID: 28935424 PMCID: PMC5749401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptomeningeal anastomoses play a critical role in regulating reperfusion following cerebrovascular obstruction; however, methods to evaluate their temporospatial remodeling remains under investigation. NEW METHOD We combined arteriole-specific vessel painting with histological evaluation to assess the density and diameter of inter-collateral vessels between the middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery (MCA-ACA) or posterior cerebral artery (MCA-PCA) in a murine model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). RESULTS While the overall density was not influenced by pMCAO, the size of MCA-ACA and MCA-PCA vessels had significantly increased 2days post-pMCAO and peaked by 4days compared to the un-injured hemisphere. Using a combination of vessel painting and immunofluorescence, we uniquely observed an induction of cellular division and a remodeling of the smooth muscle cells within the collateral niche following post-pMCAO on whole mount tissue sections. Vessel painting was also applied to pMCAO-injured Cx3cr1GFP mice, in order to identify the spatial relationship between Cx3cr1-positive peripheral-derived monocyte/macrophages and the vessel painted collaterals. Our histological findings were supplemented with analysis of cerebral blood flow using laser Doppler imaging and behavioral changes following pMCAO. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Compared to polyurethane and latex methods for collateral labeling, this new method provides detailed cell-type specific analysis within the collateral niche at the microscopic level, which has previously been unavailable. CONCLUSIONS This simple and reproducible combination of techniques is the first to dissect the temporospatial remodeling of pial collateral arterioles. The method will advance investigations into the underlying mechanisms governing the intricate processes of arteriogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Okyere
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 970 Washington St. SW, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Miranda Creasey
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 970 Washington St. SW, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Yeonwoo Lebovitz
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 970 Washington St. SW, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Michelle H Theus
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 970 Washington St. SW, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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12
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Heuslein JL, Gorick CM, Song J, Price RJ. DNA Methyltransferase 1-Dependent DNA Hypermethylation Constrains Arteriogenesis by Augmenting Shear Stress Set Point. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.007673. [PMID: 29191807 PMCID: PMC5779061 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Arteriogenesis is initiated by increased shear stress and is thought to continue until shear stress is returned to its original “set point.” However, the molecular mechanism(s) through which shear stress set point is established by endothelial cells (ECs) are largely unstudied. Here, we tested the hypothesis that DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)–dependent EC DNA methylation affects arteriogenic capacity via adjustments to shear stress set point. Methods and Results In femoral artery ligation–operated C57BL/6 mice, collateral artery segments exposed to increased shear stress without a change in flow direction (ie, nonreversed flow) exhibited global DNA hypermethylation (increased 5‐methylcytosine staining intensity) and constrained arteriogenesis (30% less diameter growth) when compared with segments exposed to both an increase in shear stress and reversed‐flow direction. In vitro, ECs exposed to a flow waveform biomimetic of nonreversed collateral segments in vivo exhibited a 40% increase in DNMT1 expression, genome‐wide hypermethylation of gene promoters, and a DNMT1‐dependent 60% reduction in proarteriogenic monocyte adhesion compared with ECs exposed to a biomimetic reversed‐flow waveform. These results led us to test whether DNMT1 regulates arteriogenic capacity in vivo. In femoral artery ligation–operated mice, DNMT1 inhibition rescued arteriogenic capacity and returned shear stress back to its original set point in nonreversed collateral segments. Conclusions Increased shear stress without a change in flow direction initiates arteriogenic growth; however, it also elicits DNMT1‐dependent EC DNA hypermethylation. In turn, this diminishes mechanosensing, augments shear stress set point, and constrains the ultimate arteriogenic capacity of the vessel. This epigenetic effect could impact both endogenous collateralization and treatment of arterial occlusive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Heuslein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Catherine M Gorick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Ji Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Richard J Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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13
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Seaman SA, Cao Y, Campbell CA, Peirce SM. Arteriogenesis in murine adipose tissue is contingent on CD68 + /CD206 + macrophages. Microcirculation 2017; 24:10.1111/micc.12341. [PMID: 27976451 PMCID: PMC5432396 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The surgical transfer of skin, fat, and/or muscle from a donor site to a recipient site within the same patient is a widely performed procedure in reconstructive surgeries. A surgical pretreatment strategy that is intended to increase perfusion in the flap, termed "flap delay," is a commonly employed technique by plastic surgeons prior to flap transplantation. Here, we explored whether CD68+ /CD206+ macrophages are required for arteriogenesis within the flap by performing gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies in a previously published flap delay murine model. METHODS AND RESULTS Local injection of M2-polarized macrophages into the flap resulted in an increase in collateral vessel diameter. Application of a thin biomaterial film loaded with a pharmacological agent (FTY720), which has been previously shown to recruit CD68+ /CD206+ macrophages to remodeling tissue, increased CD68+ /CD206+ cell recruitment and collateral vessel enlargement. Conversely, when local macrophage populations were depleted within the inguinal fat pad via clodronate liposome delivery, we observed fewer CD68+ cells accompanied by diminished collateral vessel enlargement. CONCLUSIONS Our study underscores the importance of macrophages during microvascular adaptations that are induced by flap delay. These studies suggest a mechanism for a translatable therapeutic target that may be used to enhance the clinical flap delay procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Seaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia
| | - Yiqi Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia
| | | | - Shayn M. Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Virginia
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14
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de Vries MR, Peters EAB, Quax PHA, Nossent AY. von Willebrand factor deficiency leads to impaired blood flow recovery after ischaemia in mice. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1412-1419. [PMID: 28382367 DOI: 10.1160/th16-12-0957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Neovascularisation, i. e. arteriogenesis and angiogenesis, is an inflammatory process. Therefore attraction and extravasation of leukocytes is essential for effective blood flow recovery after ischaemia. Previous studies have shown that von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a negative regulator of angiogenesis. However, it has also been shown that VWF facilitates leukocyte attraction and extravasation. We aimed to investigate the role of VWF in arteriogenesis and angiogenesis during post-ischaemic neovascularisation. Wild-type (WT) and VWF deficient (VWF-/-) C57BL/6 mice were subjected to hindlimb ischaemia via double ligation of the left femoral artery, and blood flow recovery was followed over time, using Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging. Blood flow recovery was impaired in VWF-/- mice. After 10 days, VWF-/- mice showed a 43 ± 5 % recovery versus 68 ± 5 % in WT. Immunohistochemistry revealed that both arteriogenesis in the adductor muscles and angiogenesis in the gastrocnemius muscles were reduced in VWF-/- mice. Furthermore, leukocyte infiltration in the affected adductor muscles was reduced in VWF-/- mice. Residual paw perfusion directly after artery ligation was also reduced in VWF-/- mice, indicating a decrease in pre-existing collateral arteriole density. When we quantified collateral arterioles, we observed a 31 % decrease in the average number of collateral arterioles in the pia mater compared to WT mice (57 ± 3 in WT vs 40 ± 4 pial collaterals in VWF-/-). We conclude that VWF facilitates blood flow recovery in mice. VWF deficiency hampers both arteriogenesis and angiogenesis in a hindlimb ischaemia model. This is associated with impaired leukocytes recruitment and decreased pre-existing collateral density in the absence of VWF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A Yaël Nossent
- A. Y. Nossent, PhD, Department of Surgery, D6-28, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands, Tel.: +31 71 52 65147, E-mail:
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15
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He S, Gleason J, Fik-Rymarkiewicz E, DiFiglia A, Bharathan M, Morschauser A, Djuretic I, Xu Y, Krakovsky M, Jankovic V, Buensuceso C, Edinger J, Herzberg U, Hofgartner W, Hariri R. Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal-Like Cells Enhance Angiogenesis via T Cell-Dependent Reprogramming of Macrophage Differentiation. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1603-1613. [PMID: 28233380 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a leading cause of limb loss and mortality worldwide with limited treatment options. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy has demonstrated positive effects on angiogenesis in preclinical models and promising therapeutic efficacy signals in early stage clinical studies; however, the mechanisms underlying MSC-mediated angiogenesis remain largely undefined. Here, we investigated the mechanism of action of human placenta-derived MSC-like cells (PDA-002) in inducing angiogenesis using mice hind limb ischemia model. We showed that PDA-002 improved blood flow and promoted collateral vessel formation in the injured limb. Histological analysis demonstrated that PDA-002 increased M2-like macrophages in ischemic tissue. Analysis of the changes in functional T cell phenotype in the draining lymph nodes revealed that PDA-002 treatment was associated with the induction of cytokine and gene expression signatures of Th2 response. Angiogenic effect of PDA-002 was markedly reduced in Balb/c nude mice compared with wild type. This reduction in efficacy was reversed by T cell reconstitution, suggesting T cells are essential for PDA-002-mediated angiogenesis. Furthermore, effect of PDA-002 on macrophage differentiation was also T cell-dependent as a PDA-002-mediated M2-like macrophage skewing was only observed in wild type and T cell reconstituted nude mice, but not in nude mice. Finally, we showed that PDA-002-treated animals had enhanced angiogenic recovery in response to the second injury when PDA-002 no longer persisted in vivo. These results suggest that PDA-002 enhances angiogenesis through an immunomodulatory mechanism involving T cell-dependent reprogramming of macrophage differentiation toward M2-like phenotype. Stem Cells 2017;35:1603-1613.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang He
- Celgene Cellular Therapeutics, Warren, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Xu
- Invivotek, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | - James Edinger
- Celgene Cellular Therapeutics, Warren, New Jersey, USA
| | - Uri Herzberg
- Celgene Cellular Therapeutics, Warren, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Robert Hariri
- Celgene Cellular Therapeutics, Warren, New Jersey, USA
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16
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Nossent AY, Bastiaansen AJNM, Peters EAB, de Vries MR, Aref Z, Welten SMJ, de Jager SCA, van der Pouw Kraan TCTM, Quax PHA. CCR7-CCL19/CCL21 Axis is Essential for Effective Arteriogenesis in a Murine Model of Hindlimb Ischemia. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.005281. [PMID: 28275068 PMCID: PMC5524034 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.005281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background In order to identify factors that stimulate arteriogenesis after ischemia, we followed gene expression profiles in two extreme models for collateral artery formation over 28 days after hindlimb ischemia, namely “good‐responding” C57BL/6 mice and “poor‐responding” BALB/c mice. Methods and Results Although BALB/c mice show very poor blood flow recovery after ischemia, most known proarteriogenic genes were upregulated more excessively and for a longer period than in C57BL/6 mice. In clear contrast, chemokine genes Ccl19, Ccl21a, and Ccl21c and the chemokine receptor CCR7 were upregulated in C57BL/6 mice 1 day after hindlimb ischemia, but not in BALB/C mice. CCL19 and CCL21 regulate migration and homing of T lymphocytes via CCR7. When subjecting CCR7−/−/LDLR−/− mice to hindlimb ischemia, we observed a 20% reduction in blood flow recovery compared with that in LDLR−/− mice. Equal numbers of α‐smooth muscle actin–positive collateral arteries were found in the adductor muscles of both mouse strains, but collateral diameters were smaller in the CCR7−/−/LDLR−/−. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorter analyses showed that numbers of CCR7+ T lymphocytes (both CD4+ and CD8+) were decreased in the spleen and increased in the blood at day 1 after hindlimb ischemia in LDLR−/− mice. At day 1 after hindlimb ischemia, however, numbers of activated CD4+ T lymphocytes were decreased in the draining lymph nodes of LDLR−/− mice compared with CCR7−/−/LDLR−/− mice. Conclusions These data show that CCR7‐CCL19/CCL21 axis facilitates retention CD4+ T lymphocytes at the site of collateral artery remodeling, which is essential for effective arteriogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yaël Nossent
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands .,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Antonius J N M Bastiaansen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Erna A B Peters
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Margreet R de Vries
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Zeen Aref
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine M J Welten
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia C A de Jager
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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17
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Li Y, Choi WJ, Qin W, Baran U, Habenicht LM, Wang RK. Optical coherence tomography based microangiography provides an ability to longitudinally image arteriogenesis in vivo. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 274:164-171. [PMID: 27751893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arteriogenesis describes the active growth of the pre-existing collateral arterioles, which is a crucial tissue-saving process in occlusive vascular diseases. NEW METHOD We propose to use optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based microangiography (OMAG) to monitor arteriogenesis following artery transection in mouse ear and focal stroke in mouse brain. RESULTS Our longitudinal mouse ear study shows that the growth phase of arteriogenesis, indicated by changes in collateral vessel diameter and velocity, occurs between 12 and 24h after vessel transection. Additionally, the magnitude of local inflammation is consistent with the time course of arteriogenesis, judging by the tissue thickness measurement and lymphatic vessel signals in OCT. In the mouse brain study, collateral vessel morphology, blood flow velocity and directionality are identified, and an activation of the collateral flow at the arteriolo-arteriolar anastomoses (AAA) is observed during stroke. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS In comparison with histology and fluorescence imaging, OCT/OMAG is completely non-invasive and capable of producing consistent results of longitudinal changes in collateral vessel morphology and vasodynamics. CONCLUSION OCT/OMAG is a promising imaging tool for longitudinal study of collateral vessel remodeling in small animals. This technique can be applied in guiding the in vivo experiments of arteriogenesis stimulation to treat occlusive vascular diseases, including stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandong Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Woo June Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wan Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Utku Baran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lauren M Habenicht
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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18
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Seaman SA, Cao Y, Campbell CA, Peirce SM. Macrophage Recruitment and Polarization During Collateral Vessel Remodeling in Murine Adipose Tissue. Microcirculation 2016; 23:75-87. [PMID: 26638986 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During autologous flap transplantation for reconstructive surgeries, plastic surgeons use a surgical pre-treatment strategy called "flap delay," which entails ligating a feeding artery into an adipose tissue flap 10-14 days prior to transfer. It is believed that this blood flow alteration leads to vascular remodeling in the flap, resulting in better flap survival following transfer; however, the structural changes in the microvascular network are poorly understood. Here, we evaluate microvascular adaptations within adipose tissue in a murine model of flap delay. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a murine flap delay model in which we ligated an artery supplying the inguinal fat pad. Although the extent of angiogenesis appeared minimal, significant diameter expansion of pre-existing collateral arterioles was observed. There was a 5-fold increase in recruitment of CX3CR1(+) monocytes to ligated tissue, a threefold increase in CD68(+) /CD206(+) macrophages in ligated tissue, a 40% increase in collateral vessel diameters supplying ligated tissue, and a 6-fold increase in the number of proliferating cells in ligated tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our study describes microvascular adaptations in adipose in response to altered blood flow and underscores the importance of macrophages. Our data supports the development of therapies that target macrophages in order to enhance vascular remodeling in flaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Seaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Yiqi Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Chris A Campbell
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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19
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Whiteford JR, De Rossi G, Woodfin A. Mutually Supportive Mechanisms of Inflammation and Vascular Remodeling. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 326:201-78. [PMID: 27572130 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is often accompanied by angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from existing ones. This vascular response is a response to chronic hypoxia and/or ischemia, but is also contributory to the progression of disorders including atherosclerosis, arthritis, and tumor growth. Proinflammatory and proangiogenic mediators and signaling pathways form a complex and interrelated network in these conditions, and many factors exert multiple effects. Inflammation drives angiogenesis by direct and indirect mechanisms, promoting endothelial proliferation, migration, and vessel sprouting, but also by mediating extracellular matrix remodeling and release of sequestered growth factors, and recruitment of proangiogenic leukocyte subsets. The role of inflammation in promoting angiogenesis is well documented, but by facilitating greater infiltration of leukocytes and plasma proteins into inflamed tissues, angiogenesis can also propagate chronic inflammation. This review examines the mutually supportive relationship between angiogenesis and inflammation, and considers how these interactions might be exploited to promote resolution of chronic inflammatory or angiogenic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Whiteford
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - G De Rossi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Woodfin
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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20
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Vascular growth responses to chronic arterial occlusion are unaffected by myeloid specific focal adhesion kinase (FAK) deletion. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27029. [PMID: 27244251 PMCID: PMC4886679 DOI: 10.1038/srep27029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Arteriogenesis, or the lumenal expansion of pre-existing arterioles in the presence of an upstream occlusion, is a fundamental vascular growth response. Though alterations in shear stress stimulate arteriogenesis, the migration of monocytes into the perivascular space surrounding collateral arteries and their differentiation into macrophages is critical for this vascular growth response to occur. Focal adhesion kinase’s (FAK) role in regulating cell migration has recently been expanded to primary macrophages. We therefore investigated the effect of the myeloid-specific conditional deletion of FAK on vascular remodeling in the mouse femoral arterial ligation (FAL) model. Using laser Doppler perfusion imaging, whole mount imaging of vascular casted gracilis muscles, and immunostaining for CD31 in gastrocnemius muscles cross-sections, we found that there were no statistical differences in perfusion recovery, arteriogenesis, or angiogenesis 28 days after FAL. We therefore sought to determine FAK expression in different myeloid cell populations. We found that FAK is expressed at equally low levels in Ly6Chi and Ly6Clo blood monocytes, however expression is increased over 2-fold in bone marrow derived macrophages. Ultimately, these results suggest that FAK is not required for monocyte migration to the perivascular space and that vascular remodeling following arterial occlusion occurs independently of myeloid specific FAK.
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21
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Heuslein JL, Li X, Murrell KP, Annex BH, Peirce SM, Price RJ. Computational Network Model Prediction of Hemodynamic Alterations Due to Arteriolar Rarefaction and Estimation of Skeletal Muscle Perfusion in Peripheral Arterial Disease. Microcirculation 2016; 22:360-9. [PMID: 25866235 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the relative influence of input pressure and arteriole rarefaction on gastrocnemius muscle perfusion in patients with PAD after exercise and/or percutaneous interventions. METHODS A computational network model of the gastrocnemius muscle microcirculation was adapted to reflect rarefaction based on arteriolar density measurements from PAD patients, with and without exercise. A normalized input pressure was applied at the feeder artery to simulate both reduced and restored ABI in the PAD condition. RESULTS In simulations of arteriolar rarefaction, resistance increased non-linearly with rarefaction, leading to a disproportionally large drop in perfusion. In addition, perfusion was less sensitive to changes in input pressure as the degree of rarefaction increased. Reduced arteriolar density was observed in PAD patients and improved 33.8% after three months of exercise. In model simulations of PAD, ABI restoration yielded perfusion recovery to only 66% of baseline. When exercise training was simulated by reducing rarefaction, ABI restoration increased perfusion to 80% of baseline. CONCLUSION Microvascular resistance increases non-linearly with increasing arteriole rarefaction. Therefore, muscle perfusion becomes disproportionally less sensitive to ABI restoration as arteriole rarefaction increases. These results highlight the importance of restoring both microvascular structure and upstream input pressure in PAD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Heuslein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Xuanyue Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kelsey P Murrell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brian H Annex
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Richard J Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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22
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Heuslein JL, Meisner JK, Li X, Song J, Vincentelli H, Leiphart RJ, Ames EG, Blackman BR, Blackman BR, Price RJ. Mechanisms of Amplified Arteriogenesis in Collateral Artery Segments Exposed to Reversed Flow Direction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2354-65. [PMID: 26338297 PMCID: PMC4618717 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Collateral arteriogenesis, the growth of existing arterial vessels to a larger diameter, is a fundamental adaptive response that is often critical for the perfusion and survival of tissues downstream of chronic arterial occlusion(s). Shear stress regulates arteriogenesis; however, the arteriogenic significance of reversed flow direction, occurring in numerous collateral artery segments after femoral artery ligation, is unknown. Our objective was to determine if reversed flow direction in collateral artery segments differentially regulates endothelial cell signaling and arteriogenesis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Collateral segments experiencing reversed flow direction after femoral artery ligation in C57BL/6 mice exhibit increased pericollateral macrophage recruitment, amplified arteriogenesis (30% diameter and 2.8-fold conductance increases), and remarkably permanent (12 weeks post femoral artery ligation) remodeling. Genome-wide transcriptional analyses on human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to reversed flow conditions mimicking those occurring in vivo yielded 10-fold more significantly regulated transcripts, as well as enhanced activation of upstream regulators (nuclear factor κB [NFκB], vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-2, and transforming growth factor-β) and arteriogenic canonical pathways (protein kinase A, phosphodiesterase, and mitogen-activated protein kinase). Augmented expression of key proarteriogenic molecules (Kruppel-like factor 2 [KLF2], intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase) was also verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, leading us to test whether intercellular adhesion molecule 1 or endothelial nitric oxide synthase regulate amplified arteriogenesis in flow-reversed collateral segments in vivo. Interestingly, enhanced pericollateral macrophage recruitment and amplified arteriogenesis was attenuated in flow-reversed collateral segments after femoral artery ligation in intercellular adhesion molecule 1(-/-) mice; however, endothelial nitric oxide synthase(-/-) mice showed no such differences. CONCLUSIONS Reversed flow leads to a broad amplification of proarteriogenic endothelial signaling and a sustained intercellular adhesion molecule 1-dependent augmentation of arteriogenesis. Further investigation of the endothelial mechanotransduction pathways activated by reversed flow may lead to more effective and durable therapeutic options for arterial occlusive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Heuslein
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (J.L.H., J.K.M., X.L., J.S., H.V., R.J.L., E.G.A., R.J.P.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (E.G.A.), Radiology (R.J.P.), and Radiation Oncology (R.J.P.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.R.B.)
| | - Joshua K Meisner
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (J.L.H., J.K.M., X.L., J.S., H.V., R.J.L., E.G.A., R.J.P.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (E.G.A.), Radiology (R.J.P.), and Radiation Oncology (R.J.P.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.R.B.)
| | - Xuanyue Li
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (J.L.H., J.K.M., X.L., J.S., H.V., R.J.L., E.G.A., R.J.P.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (E.G.A.), Radiology (R.J.P.), and Radiation Oncology (R.J.P.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.R.B.)
| | - Ji Song
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (J.L.H., J.K.M., X.L., J.S., H.V., R.J.L., E.G.A., R.J.P.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (E.G.A.), Radiology (R.J.P.), and Radiation Oncology (R.J.P.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.R.B.)
| | - Helena Vincentelli
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (J.L.H., J.K.M., X.L., J.S., H.V., R.J.L., E.G.A., R.J.P.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (E.G.A.), Radiology (R.J.P.), and Radiation Oncology (R.J.P.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.R.B.)
| | - Ryan J Leiphart
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (J.L.H., J.K.M., X.L., J.S., H.V., R.J.L., E.G.A., R.J.P.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (E.G.A.), Radiology (R.J.P.), and Radiation Oncology (R.J.P.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.R.B.)
| | - Elizabeth G Ames
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (J.L.H., J.K.M., X.L., J.S., H.V., R.J.L., E.G.A., R.J.P.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (E.G.A.), Radiology (R.J.P.), and Radiation Oncology (R.J.P.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.R.B.)
| | - Brett R Blackman
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (J.L.H., J.K.M., X.L., J.S., H.V., R.J.L., E.G.A., R.J.P.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (E.G.A.), Radiology (R.J.P.), and Radiation Oncology (R.J.P.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.R.B.)
| | | | - Richard J Price
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (J.L.H., J.K.M., X.L., J.S., H.V., R.J.L., E.G.A., R.J.P.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (E.G.A.), Radiology (R.J.P.), and Radiation Oncology (R.J.P.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.R.B.).
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23
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Zhang H, Faber JE. De-novo collateral formation following acute myocardial infarction: Dependence on CCR2⁺ bone marrow cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 87:4-16. [PMID: 26254180 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wide variation exists in the extent (number and diameter) of native pre-existing collaterals in tissues of different strains of mice, with supportive indirect evidence recently appearing for humans. This variation is a major determinant of the wide variation in severity of tissue injury in occlusive vascular disease. Whether such genetic-dependent variation also exists in the heart is unknown because no model exists for study of mouse coronary collaterals. Also owing to methodological limitations, it is not known if ischemia can induce new coronary collaterals to form ("neo-collaterals") versus remodeling of pre-existing ones. The present study sought to develop a model to study coronary collaterals in mice, determine whether neo-collateral formation occurs, and investigate the responsible mechanisms. Four strains with known rank-ordered differences in collateral extent in brain and skeletal muscle were studied: C57BLKS>C57BL/6>A/J>BALB/c. Unexpectedly, these and 5 additional strains lacked native coronary collaterals. However after ligation, neo-collaterals formed rapidly within 1-to-2 days, reaching their maximum extent in ≤7 days. Rank-order for neo-collateral formation differed from the above: C57BL/6>BALB/c>C57BLKS>A/J. Collateral network conductance, infarct volume(-1), and contractile function followed this same rank-order. Neo-collateral formation and collateral conductance were reduced and infarct volume increased in MCP1(-/-) and CCR2(-/-) mice. Bone-marrow transplant rescued collateral formation in CCR2(-/-) mice. Involvement of fractalkine➔CX3CR1 signaling and endothelial cell proliferation were also identified. This study introduces a model for investigating the coronary collateral circulation in mice, demonstrates that neo-collaterals form rapidly after coronary occlusion, and finds that MCP➔CCR2-mediated recruitment of myeloid cells is required for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - James E Faber
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
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24
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Hsiang YH, Song J, Price RJ. The partitioning of nanoparticles to endothelium or interstitium during ultrasound-microbubble-targeted delivery depends on peak-negative pressure. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 17:345. [PMID: 26594129 PMCID: PMC4651175 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-015-3153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with advanced peripheral arterial disease often face poor prognoses and have limited treatment options. For some patient populations, the therapeutic growth of collateral arteries (i.e. arteriogenesis) that bypass regions affected by vascular disease may become a viable treatment option. Our group and others are developing therapeutic approaches centered on the ability of ultrasound-activated microbubbles to permeabilize skeletal muscle capillaries and facilitate the targeted delivery of pro-arteriogenic growth factor-bearing nanoparticles. The development of such approaches would benefit significantly from a better understanding of how nanoparticle diameter and ultrasound peak-negative pressure affect both total nanoparticle delivery and the partitioning of nanoparticles to endothelial or interstitial compartments. Toward this goal, using Balb/C mice that had undergone unilateral femoral artery ligation, we intra-arterially co-injected nanoparticles (50 and 100 nm) with microbubbles, applied 1 MHz ultrasound to the gracilis adductor muscle at peak-negative pressures of 0.7, 0.55, 0.4, and 0.2 MPa, and analyzed nanoparticle delivery and distribution. As expected, total nanoparticle (50 and 100 nm) delivery increased with increasing peak-negative pressure, with 50 nm nanoparticles exhibiting greater tissue coverage than 100 nm nanoparticles. Of particular interest, increasing peak-negative pressure resulted in increased delivery to the interstitium for both nanoparticle sizes, but had little influence on nanoparticle delivery to the endothelium. Thus, we conclude that alterations to peak-negative pressure may be used to adjust the fraction of nanoparticles delivered to the interstitial compartment. This information will be useful when designing ultrasound protocols for delivering pro-arteriogenic nanoparticles to skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.-H. Hsiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Box 800759, Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - J. Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Box 800759, Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - R. J. Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Box 800759, Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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25
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Bagi Z. Impaired coronary collateral growth: miR-shaken neutrophils caught in the act. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1321-2. [PMID: 25910807 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00274.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Bagi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
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26
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Hakimzadeh N, Verberne HJ, Siebes M, Piek JJ. The future of collateral artery research. Curr Cardiol Rev 2015; 10:73-86. [PMID: 23638829 PMCID: PMC3968596 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x113099990001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the event of obstructive coronary artery disease, collateral arteries have been deemed an alternative blood
source to preserve myocardial tissue perfusion and function. Monocytes play an important role in modulating this process,
by local secretion of growth factors and extracellular matrix degrading enzymes. Extensive efforts have focused on developing
compounds for augmenting the growth of collateral vessels (arteriogenesis). Nonetheless, clinical trials investigating
the therapeutic potential of these compounds resulted in disappointing outcomes. Previous studies focused on developing
compounds that stimulated collateral vessel growth by enhancing monocyte survival and activity. The limited success
of these compounds in clinical studies, led to a paradigm shift in arteriogenesis research. Recent studies have shown genetic
heterogeneity between CAD patients with sufficient and insufficient collateral vessels. The genetic predispositions in
patients with poorly developed collateral vessels include overexpression of arteriogenesis inhibiting signaling pathways.
New directions of arteriogenesis research focus on attempting to block such inhibitory pathways to ultimately promote arteriogenesis.
Methods to detect collateral vessel growth are also critical in realizing the therapeutic potential of newly developed
compounds. Traditional invasive measurements of intracoronary derived collateral flow index remain the gold
standard in quantifying functional capacity of collateral vessels. However, advancements made in hybrid diagnostic imaging
modalities will also prove to be advantageous in detecting the effects of pro-arteriogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan J Piek
- Department of Cardiology, Room B2-250, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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27
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Hutcheson R, Terry R, Hutcheson B, Jadhav R, Chaplin J, Smith E, Barrington R, Proctor SD, Rocic P. miR-21-mediated decreased neutrophil apoptosis is a determinant of impaired coronary collateral growth in metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1323-35. [PMID: 25840830 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00654.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronary collateral growth (CCG) is impaired in metabolic syndrome. microRNA-21 (miR-21) is a proproliferative and antiapoptotic miR, which we showed to be elevated in metabolic syndrome. Here we investigate whether impaired CCG in metabolic syndrome involved miR-21-mediated aberrant apoptosis. Normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) and metabolic syndrome [J. C. Russel (JCR)] rats underwent transient, repetitive coronary artery occlusion [repetitive ischemia (RI)]. Antiapoptotic Bcl-2, phospho-Bad, and Bcl-2/Bax dimers were increased on days 6 and 9 RI, and proapoptotic Bax and Bax/Bax dimers and cytochrome-c release concurrently decreased in JCR versus SD rats. Active caspases were decreased in JCR versus SD rats (~50%). Neutrophils increased transiently on day 3 RI in the collateral-dependent zone of SD rats but remained elevated in JCR rats, paralleling miR-21 expression. miR-21 downregulation by anti-miR-21 induced neutrophil apoptosis and decreased Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax dimers (~75%) while increasing Bax/Bax dimers, cytochrome-c release, and caspase activation (~70, 400, and 400%). Anti-miR-21 also improved CCG in JCR rats (~60%). Preventing neutrophil infiltration with blocking antibodies resulted in equivalent CCG recovery, confirming a major role for deregulated neutrophil apoptosis in CCG impairment. Neutrophil and miR-21-dependent CCG inhibition was in significant part mediated by increased oxidative stress. We conclude that neutrophil apoptosis is integral to normal CCG and that inappropriate prolonged miR-21-mediated survival of neutrophils plays a major role in impaired CCG, in part via oxidative stress generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hutcheson
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Russell Terry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Brenda Hutcheson
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Rashmi Jadhav
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Jennifer Chaplin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Erika Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Robert Barrington
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama; and
| | - Spencer D Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Petra Rocic
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;
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28
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Schmidt-Bleek K, Kwee BJ, Mooney DJ, Duda GN. Boon and Bane of Inflammation in Bone Tissue Regeneration and Its Link with Angiogenesis. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:354-64. [PMID: 25742724 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Delayed healing or nonhealing of bone is an important clinical concern. Although bone, one of the two tissues with scar-free healing capacity, heals in most cases, healing is delayed in more than 10% of clinical cases. Treatment of such delayed healing condition is often painful, risky, time consuming, and expensive. Tissue healing is a multistage regenerative process involving complex and well-orchestrated steps, which are initiated in response to injury. At best, these steps lead to scar-free tissue formation. At the onset of healing, during the inflammatory phase, stationary and attracted macrophages and other immune cells at the fracture site release cytokines in response to injury. This initial reaction to injury is followed by the recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells, synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, angiogenesis, and finally tissue remodeling. Failure to heal is often associated with poor revascularization. Since blood vessels mediate the transport of circulating cells, oxygen, nutrients, and waste products, they appear essential for successful healing. The strategy of endogenous regeneration in a tissue such as bone is interesting to analyze since it may represent a blueprint of successful tissue formation. This review highlights the interdependency of the time cascades of inflammation, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration. A better understanding of these inter-relations is mandatory to early identify patients at risk as well as to overcome critical clinical conditions that limit healing. Instead of purely tolerating the inflammatory phase, modulations of inflammation (immunomodulation) might represent a valid therapeutic strategy to enhance angiogenesis and foster later phases of tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- 1 Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany .,2 Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian J Kwee
- 3 The Mooney Lab: Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Harvard-School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David J Mooney
- 3 The Mooney Lab: Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Harvard-School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Georg N Duda
- 1 Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany .,2 Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
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29
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Nishijima Y, Akamatsu Y, Weinstein PR, Liu J. Collaterals: Implications in cerebral ischemic diseases and therapeutic interventions. Brain Res 2015; 1623:18-29. [PMID: 25770816 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the tremendous progress made in the treatment of cerebrovascular occlusive diseases, many patients suffering from ischemic brain injury still experience dismal outcomes. Although rehabilitation contributes to post-stroke functional recovery, there is no doubt that interventions that promote the restoration of blood supply are proven to minimize ischemic injury and improve recovery. In response to the acutely decreased blood perfusion during arterial occlusion, arteriogenesis, the compensation of blood flow through the collateral circulation during arterial obstructive diseases can act not only in a timely fashion but also much more efficiently compared to angiogenesis, the sprouting of new capillaries, and a mechanism occurring in a delayed fashion while increases the total resistance of the vascular bed of the affected territory. Interestingly, despite the vast differences between the two vascular remodeling mechanisms, some crucial growth factors and cytokines involved in angiogenesis are also required for arteriogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms underlying vascular remodeling after ischemic brain injury is a critical step towards the development of effective therapies for ischemic stroke. The present article will discuss our current views in vascular remodeling acutely after brain ischemia, namely arteriogenesis, and some relevant clinical therapies available on the horizon in augmenting collateral flow that hold promise in treating ischemic brain injury. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Cell Interactions In Stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Nishijima
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yosuke Akamatsu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Phillip R Weinstein
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Jialing Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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30
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Bruce AC, Kelly-Goss MR, Heuslein JL, Meisner JK, Price RJ, Peirce SM. Monocytes are recruited from venules during arteriogenesis in the murine spinotrapezius ligation model. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2012-22. [PMID: 24969773 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic arterial occlusion results in arteriogenesis of collateral blood vessels. This process has been shown to be dependent on the recruitment of growth-promoting macrophages to remodeling collaterals. However, the potential role of venules in monocyte recruitment during microvascular arteriogenesis is not well demonstrated. First, we aim to document that arteriogenesis occurs in the mouse spinotrapezius ligation model. Then, we investigate the temporal and spatial distribution, as well as proliferation, of monocytes/macrophages recruited to collateral arterioles in response to elevated fluid shear stress. APPROACH AND RESULTS Laser speckle flowmetry confirmed a postligation increase in blood velocity within collateral arterioles but not within venules. After 72 hours post ligation, collateral arteriole diameters were increased, proliferating cells were identified in vessel walls of shear-activated collaterals, and perivascular CD206(+) macrophages demonstrated proliferation. A 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay identified proliferation. CD68(+)CD206(+) cells around collaterals were increased 96%, whereas CX3CR1((+/GFP)) cells were increased 126% in ligated versus sham groups after 72 hours. CX3CR1((+/GFP)) cells were predominately venule associated at 6 hours after ligation; and CX3CR1((+/GFP hi)) cells shifted from venule to arteriole associated between 6 and 72 hours after surgery exclusively in ligated muscle. We report accumulation and extravasation of adhered CX3CR1((+/GFP)) cells in and from venules, but not from arterioles, after ligation. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that arteriogenesis occurs in the murine spinotrapezius ligation model and implicate postcapillary venules as the site of tissue entry for circulating monocytes. Local proliferation of macrophages is also documented. These data open up questions about the role of arteriole-venule communication during monocyte recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Bruce
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Molly R Kelly-Goss
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Joshua L Heuslein
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Joshua K Meisner
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Richard J Price
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
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31
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Bastiaansen AJNM, Karper JC, Wezel A, de Boer HC, Welten SMJ, de Jong RCM, Peters EAB, de Vries MR, van Oeveren-Rietdijk AM, van Zonneveld AJ, Hamming JF, Nossent AY, Quax PHA. TLR4 accessory molecule RP105 (CD180) regulates monocyte-driven arteriogenesis in a murine hind limb ischemia model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99882. [PMID: 24945347 PMCID: PMC4063870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the role of the TLR4-accessory molecule RP105 (CD180) in post-ischemic neovascularization, i.e. arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. TLR4-mediated activation of pro-inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes is crucial for effective neovascularization. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that RP105+ monocytes are present in the perivascular space of remodeling collateral arterioles. As RP105 inhibits TLR4 signaling, we hypothesized that RP105 deficiency would lead to an unrestrained TLR4-mediated inflammatory response and hence to enhanced blood flow recovery after ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS RP105-/- and wild type (WT) mice were subjected to hind limb ischemia and blood flow recovery was followed by Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging. Surprisingly, we found that blood flow recovery was severely impaired in RP105-/- mice. Immunohistochemistry showed that arteriogenesis was reduced in these mice compared to the WT. However, both in vivo and ex vivo analyses showed that circulatory pro-arteriogenic Ly6Chi monocytes were more readily activated in RP105-/- mice. FACS analyses showed that Ly6Chi monocytes became activated and migrated to the affected muscle tissues in WT mice following induction of hind limb ischemia. Although Ly6Chi monocytes were readily activated in RP105-/- mice, migration into the ischemic tissues was hampered and instead, Ly6Chi monocytes accumulated in their storage compartments, bone marrow and spleen, in RP105-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS RP105 deficiency results in an unrestrained inflammatory response and monocyte over-activation, most likely due to the lack of TLR4 regulation. Inappropriate, premature systemic activation of pro-inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes results in reduced infiltration of Ly6Chi monocytes in ischemic tissues and in impaired blood flow recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonius J. N. M. Bastiaansen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jacco C. Karper
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk Wezel
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hetty C. de Boer
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine M. J. Welten
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rob C. M. de Jong
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Erna A. B. Peters
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Margreet R. de Vries
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M. van Oeveren-Rietdijk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap F. Hamming
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A. Yaël Nossent
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paul H. A. Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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32
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Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases enhances cerebral collateral growth in rats. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:983-94. [PMID: 24858946 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Arteriogenesis involves the rapid proliferation of preexisting arterioles to fully functional arteries as a compensatory mechanism to overcome circulatory deficits. Stimulation of arteriogenesis has therefore been considered a treatment concept in arterial occlusive disease. Here, we investigated the impact of inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) on cerebral arteriogenesis in rats. Arteriogenesis was induced by occlusion of one carotid and both vertebral arteries (three-vessel occlusion (3-VO)). Collateral growth and functional vessel perfusion was assessed 3-35 days following 3-VO. Furthermore, animals underwent 3-VO surgery and were treated with the pan-PTP inhibitor BMOV, the SHP-1 inhibitor sodium stibogluconate (SSG), or the PTP1B inhibitor AS279. Cerebral vessel diameters and cerebrovascular reserve capacity (CVRC) were determined, together with immunohistochemistry analyses and proximity ligation assays (PLA) for determination of tissue proliferation and phosphorylation patterns after 7 days. The most significant changes in vessel diameter increase were present in the ipsilateral posterior cerebral artery (PCA), with proliferative markers (PCNA) being time-dependently increased. The CVRC was lost in the early phase after 3-VO and partially recovered after 21 days. PTP inhibition resulted in a significant increase in the ipsilateral PCA diameter in BMOV-treated animals and rats subjected to PTP1B inhibition. Furthermore, CVRC was significantly elevated in AS279-treated rats compared to control animals, along with hyperphosphorylation of the platelet-derived growth factor-β receptor in the vascular wall in vivo. In summary, our data indicate PTPs as hitherto unrecognized negative regulators in cerebral arteriogenesis. Further, PTP inhibition leading to enhanced collateral growth and blood perfusion suggests PTPs as novel targets in anti-ischemic treatment. KEY MESSAGES PTPs exhibit negative regulatory function in cerebral collateral growth in rats. Inhibition of pan-PTP/PTP1B increases vessel PDGF-β receptor phosphorylation. PTP1B inhibition enhances arteriogenesis and cerebrovascular reserve capacity.
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33
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Meisner JK, Annex BH, Price RJ. Despite normal arteriogenic and angiogenic responses, hind limb perfusion recovery and necrotic and fibroadipose tissue clearance are impaired in matrix metalloproteinase 9-deficient mice. J Vasc Surg 2014; 61:1583-94.e1-10. [PMID: 24582703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relative contributions of arteriogenesis, angiogenesis, and ischemic muscle tissue composition toward reperfusion after arterial occlusion are largely unknown. Differential loss of bone marrow-derived cell (BMC) matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), which has been implicated in all of these processes, was used to assess the relative contributions of these processes during limb reperfusion. METHODS We compared collateral growth (arteriogenesis), capillary growth (angiogenesis), and ischemic muscle tissue composition after femoral artery ligation in FVB/NJ mice that had been reconstituted with bone marrow from wild-type or MMP9(-/-) mice. RESULTS Laser Doppler perfusion imaging confirmed decreased reperfusion capacity in mice with BMC-specific loss of MMP9; however, collateral arteriogenesis was not affected. Furthermore, when accounting for the fact that muscle tissue composition changes markedly with ischemia (ie, necrotic, fibroadipose, and regenerating tissue regions are present), angiogenesis was also unaffected. Instead, BMC-specific loss of MMP9 caused an increase in the proportion of necrotic and fibroadipose tissue, which showed the strongest correlation with poor perfusion recovery. Similarly, the reciprocal loss of MMP9 from non-BMCs showed similar deficits in perfusion and tissue composition without affecting arteriogenesis. CONCLUSIONS By concurrently analyzing arteriogenesis, angiogenesis, and ischemic tissue composition, we determined that the loss of BMC-derived or non-BMC-derived MMP9 impairs necrotic and fibroadipose tissue clearance after femoral artery ligation, despite normal arteriogenic and angiogenic vascular growth. These findings imply that therapeutic revascularization strategies for treating peripheral arterial disease may benefit from additionally targeting necrotic tissue clearance or skeletal muscle regeneration, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Meisner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Brian H Annex
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va; Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Richard J Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va; Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
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Liu J, Wang Y, Akamatsu Y, Lee CC, Stetler RA, Lawton MT, Yang GY. Vascular remodeling after ischemic stroke: mechanisms and therapeutic potentials. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 115:138-56. [PMID: 24291532 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The brain vasculature has been increasingly recognized as a key player that directs brain development, regulates homeostasis, and contributes to pathological processes. Following ischemic stroke, the reduction of blood flow elicits a cascade of changes and leads to vascular remodeling. However, the temporal profile of vascular changes after stroke is not well understood. Growing evidence suggests that the early phase of cerebral blood volume (CBV) increase is likely due to the improvement in collateral flow, also known as arteriogenesis, whereas the late phase of CBV increase is attributed to the surge of angiogenesis. Arteriogenesis is triggered by shear fluid stress followed by activation of endothelium and inflammatory processes, while angiogenesis induces a number of pro-angiogenic factors and circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). The status of collaterals in acute stroke has been shown to have several prognostic implications, while the causal relationship between angiogenesis and improved functional recovery has yet to be established in patients. A number of interventions aimed at enhancing cerebral blood flow including increasing collateral recruitment are under clinical investigation. Transplantation of EPCs to improve angiogenesis is also underway. Knowledge in the underlying physiological mechanisms for improved arteriogenesis and angiogenesis shall lead to more effective therapies for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
| | - Yongting Wang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai 200030, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yosuke Akamatsu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Chih Cheng Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - R Anne Stetler
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai 200030, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Meisner JK, Song J, Annex BH, Price RJ. Myoglobin overexpression inhibits reperfusion in the ischemic mouse hindlimb through impaired angiogenesis but not arteriogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:1710-1718. [PMID: 24095922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive vascular remodeling in response to arterial occlusion takes the form of capillary growth (angiogenesis) and outward remodeling of pre-existing collateral arteries (arteriogenesis). However, the relative contributions of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis toward the overall reperfusion response are both highly debated and poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that myoglobin overexpressing transgenic mice (MbTg(+)) exhibit impaired angiogenesis in the setting of normal arteriogenesis in response to femoral artery ligation, and thereby serve as a model for disconnecting these two vascular growth processes. After femoral artery ligation, MbTg(+) mice were characterized by delayed distal limb reperfusion (by laser Doppler perfusion imaging), decreased foot use, and impaired distal limb muscle angiogenesis in both glycolytic and oxidative muscle fiber regions at day 7. Substantial arteriogenesis occurred in the primary collaterals supplying the ischemic limb in both wild-type and MbTg(+) mice; however, there were no significant differences between groups, indicating that myoglobin overexpression does not affect arteriogenesis. Together, these results uniquely demonstrate that functional collateral arteriogenesis alone is not necessarily sufficient for adequate reperfusion after arterial occlusion. Angiogenesis is a key component of an effective reperfusion response, and clinical strategies that target both angiogenesis and arteriogenesis could yield the most efficacious treatments for peripheral arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Meisner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ji Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Brian H Annex
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Richard J Price
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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36
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Scott JA, Klutho PJ, El Accaoui R, Nguyen E, Venema AN, Xie L, Jiang S, Dibbern M, Scroggins S, Prasad AM, Luczak ED, Davis MK, Li W, Guan X, Backs J, Schlueter AJ, Weiss RM, Miller FJ, Anderson ME, Grumbach IM. The multifunctional Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIδ (CaMKIIδ) regulates arteriogenesis in a mouse model of flow-mediated remodeling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71550. [PMID: 23951185 PMCID: PMC3738514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Sustained hemodynamic stress mediated by high blood flow promotes arteriogenesis, the outward remodeling of existing arteries. Here, we examined whether Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) regulates arteriogenesis. Methods and Results Ligation of the left common carotid led to an increase in vessel diameter and perimeter of internal and external elastic lamina in the contralateral, right common carotid. Deletion of CaMKIIδ (CaMKIIδ−/−) abolished this outward remodeling. Carotid ligation increased CaMKII expression and was associated with oxidative activation of CaMKII in the adventitia and endothelium. Remodeling was abrogated in a knock-in model in which oxidative activation of CaMKII is abolished. Early after ligation, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was robustly expressed in the adventitia of right carotid arteries of WT but not CaMKIIδ−/− mice. MMP9 mainly colocalized with adventitial macrophages. In contrast, we did not observe an effect of CaMKIIδ deficiency on other proposed mediators of arteriogenesis such as expression of adhesion molecules or smooth muscle proliferation. Transplantation of WT bone marrow into CaMKIIδ−/− mice normalized flow-mediated remodeling. Conclusion CaMKIIδ is activated by oxidation under high blood flow conditions and is required for flow-mediated remodeling through a mechanism that includes increased MMP9 expression in bone marrow-derived cells invading the arterial wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. Scott
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Paula J. Klutho
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ramzi El Accaoui
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Emily Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ashlee N. Venema
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Litao Xie
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Shuxia Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Megan Dibbern
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Sabrina Scroggins
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Anand M. Prasad
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth D. Luczak
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Melissa K. Davis
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Xiaoqun Guan
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Johannes Backs
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette J. Schlueter
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Francis J. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Isabella M. Grumbach
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bastiaansen AJNM, Ewing MM, de Boer HC, van der Pouw Kraan TC, de Vries MR, Peters EAB, Welten SMJ, Arens R, Moore SM, Faber JE, Jukema JW, Hamming JF, Nossent AY, Quax PHA. Lysine acetyltransferase PCAF is a key regulator of arteriogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1902-10. [PMID: 23788761 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Therapeutic arteriogenesis, that is, expansive remodeling of preexisting collaterals, using single-action factor therapies has not been as successful as anticipated. Modulation of factors that act as a master switch for relevant gene programs may prove more effective. Transcriptional coactivator p300-CBP-associated factor (PCAF) has histone acetylating activity and promotes transcription of multiple inflammatory genes. Because arteriogenesis is an inflammation-driven process, we hypothesized that PCAF acts as multifactorial regulator of arteriogenesis. APPROACH AND RESULTS After induction of hindlimb ischemia, blood flow recovery was impaired in both PCAF(-/-) mice and healthy wild-type mice treated with the pharmacological PCAF inhibitor Garcinol, demonstrating an important role for PCAF in arteriogenesis. PCAF deficiency reduced the in vitro inflammatory response in leukocytes and vascular cells involved in arteriogenesis. In vivo gene expression profiling revealed that PCAF deficiency results in differential expression of 3505 genes during arteriogenesis and, more specifically, in impaired induction of multiple proinflammatory genes. Additionally, recruitment from the bone marrow of inflammatory cells, in particular proinflammatory Ly6C(hi) monocytes, was severely impaired in PCAF(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that PCAF acts as master switch in the inflammatory processes required for effective arteriogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonius J N M Bastiaansen
- Department of Surgery, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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LeBlanc AJ, Krishnan L, Sullivan CJ, Williams SK, Hoying JB. Microvascular repair: post-angiogenesis vascular dynamics. Microcirculation 2013; 19:676-95. [PMID: 22734666 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2012.00207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular compromise and the accompanying perfusion deficits cause or complicate a large array of disease conditions and treatment failures. This has prompted the exploration of therapeutic strategies to repair or regenerate vasculatures, thereby establishing more competent microcirculatory beds. Growing evidence indicates that an increase in vessel numbers within a tissue does not necessarily promote an increase in tissue perfusion. Effective regeneration of a microcirculation entails the integration of new stable microvessel segments into the network via neovascularization. Beginning with angiogenesis, neovascularization entails an integrated series of vascular activities leading to the formation of a new mature microcirculation, and includes vascular guidance and inosculation, vessel maturation, pruning, AV specification, network patterning, structural adaptation, intussusception, and microvascular stabilization. While the generation of new vessel segments is necessary to expand a network, without the concomitant neovessel remodeling and adaptation processes intrinsic to microvascular network formation, these additional vessel segments give rise to a dysfunctional microcirculation. While many of the mechanisms regulating angiogenesis have been detailed, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms driving post-angiogenesis activities specific to neovascularization has yet to be fully realized, but is necessary to develop effective therapeutic strategies for repairing compromised microcirculations as a means to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Jewish Hospital and St. Mary's Healthcare and University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
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van den Hengel LG, Hellingman AA, Nossent AY, van Oeveren-Rietdijk AM, de Vries MR, Spek CA, van Zonneveld AJ, Reitsma PH, Hamming JF, de Boer HC, Versteeg HH, Quax PHA. Protease-activated receptor (PAR)2, but not PAR1, is involved in collateral formation and anti-inflammatory monocyte polarization in a mouse hind limb ischemia model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61923. [PMID: 23637930 PMCID: PMC3630144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In collateral development (i.e. arteriogenesis), mononuclear cells are important and exist as a heterogeneous population consisting of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory/repair-associated cells. Protease-activated receptor (PAR)1 and PAR2 are G-protein-coupled receptors that are both expressed by mononuclear cells and are involved in pro-inflammatory reactions, while PAR2 also plays a role in repair-associated responses. Here, we investigated the physiological role of PAR1 and PAR2 in arteriogenesis in a murine hind limb ischemia model. METHODS AND RESULTS PAR1-deficient (PAR1-/-), PAR2-deficient (PAR2-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice underwent femoral artery ligation. Laser Doppler measurements revealed reduced post-ischemic blood flow recovery in PAR2-/- hind limbs when compared to WT, while PAR1-/- mice were not affected. Upon ischemia, reduced numbers of smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive collaterals and CD31-positive capillaries were found in PAR2-/- mice when compared to WT mice, whereas these parameters in PAR1-/- mice did not differ from WT mice. The pool of circulating repair-associated (Ly6C-low) monocytes and the number of repair-associated (CD206-positive) macrophages surrounding collaterals in the hind limbs were increased in WT and PAR1-/- mice, but unaffected in PAR2-/- mice. The number of repair-associated macrophages in PAR2-/- hind limbs correlated with CD11b- and CD115-expression on the circulating monocytes in these animals, suggesting that monocyte extravasation and M-CSF-dependent differentiation into repair-associated cells are hampered. CONCLUSION PAR2, but not PAR1, is involved in arteriogenesis and promotes the repair-associated response in ischemic tissues. Therefore, PAR2 potentially forms a new pro-arteriogenic target in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa G. van den Hengel
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alwine A. Hellingman
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Yael Nossent
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M. van Oeveren-Rietdijk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet R. de Vries
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C. Arnold Spek
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter H. Reitsma
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap F. Hamming
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty C. de Boer
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henri H. Versteeg
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul H. A. Quax
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Dodd T, Wiggins L, Hutcheson R, Smith E, Musiyenko A, Hysell B, Russell JC, Rocic P. Impaired coronary collateral growth in the metabolic syndrome is in part mediated by matrix metalloproteinase 12-dependent production of endostatin and angiostatin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1339-49. [PMID: 23599440 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously shown that transient coronary artery occlusion stimulated coronary collateral growth (CCG) in healthy (Sprague Dawley) but not in metabolic syndrome (JCR:LA-cp [JCR] ) rats. Here, we sought to determine whether matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) negatively regulate CCG in the metabolic syndrome via release of endostatin and angiostatin. APPROACH AND RESULTS Rats underwent transient, repetitive left anterior descending occlusion and resultant myocardial ischemia (RI) for 0 to 10 days. CCG was measured in the collateral-dependent and normal zones using microspheres, MMP activation by Western blot, and endostatin and angiostatin by ELISA on days 0, 3, 6, 9, or 10 of RI. Endostatin and angiostatin were increased in JCR but not in Sprague Dawley rats on days 6 and 9 of RI. Increased endostatin and angiostatin correlated with increased MMP12 (≈ 4-fold) activation in JCR but not in Sprague Dawley rats on days 6 and 9 of RI. Inhibition of MMP12 in JCR rats nearly completely blocked endostatin (≈ 85%) and angiostatin (≈ 90%) generation and significantly improved CCG (collateral-dependent zone flow was ≈ 66% of normal zone flow versus ≈ 12% for JCR RI). CONCLUSIONS Compromised CCG in the metabolic syndrome is, in large part, because of increased MMP12 activation and consequent increased generation of endostatin and angiostatin, which inhibits late-stage collateral remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Dodd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
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Meisner JK, Sumer S, Murrell KP, Higgins TJ, Price RJ. Laser speckle flowmetry method for measuring spatial and temporal hemodynamic alterations throughout large microvascular networks. Microcirculation 2013; 19:619-31. [PMID: 22591575 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2012.00197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 1) To develop and validate laser speckle flowmetry (LSF) as a quantitative tool for individual microvessel hemodynamics in large networks. 2) To use LSF to determine if structural differences in the dorsal skinfold microcirculation (DSFWC) of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice impart differential network hemodynamic responses to occlusion. METHODS We compared LSF velocity measurements with known/measured velocities in vitro using capillary tube tissue phantoms and in vivo using mouse DSFWCs and cremaster muscles. Hemodynamic changes induced by feed arteriole occlusion were measured using LSF in DSFWCs implanted on C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. RESULTS In vitro, we found that the normalized speckle intensity (NSI) versus velocity linear relationship (R(2) ≥ 0.97) did not vary with diameter or hematocrit and can be shifted to meet an expected operating range. In vivo, DSFWC and cremaster muscle preparations (R(2) = 0.92 and 0.95, respectively) demonstrated similar linear relationships between NSI and centerline velocity. Stratification of arterioles into predicted collateral pathways revealed significant differences between C57BL/6 and BALB/c strains in response to feed arteriole occlusion. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the applicability of LSF to intravital microscopy microcirculation preparations for determining both relative and absolute hemodynamics on a network-wide scale while maintaining the resolution of individual microvessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Meisner
- University of Virginia, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Box 800759, Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
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Arteriolar and venular remodeling are differentially regulated by bone marrow-derived cell-specific CX3CR1 and CCR2 expression. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46312. [PMID: 23029475 PMCID: PMC3454326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1 are critical for the recruitment of “inflammatory” and “resident” monocytes, respectively, subpopulations that differentially affect vascular remodeling in atherosclerosis. Here, we tested the hypothesis that bone marrow-derived cell (BMC)-specific CCR2 and CX3CR1 differentially control venular and arteriolar remodeling. Venular and arteriolar lumenal remodeling were observed by intravital microscopy in mice with either CCR2 or CX3CR1 deficient BMCs after implantation of a dorsal skinfold window chamber, a model in which arterioles and venules lumenally enlarge in wild-type (WT) mice. Arteriolar remodeling was abolished in mice with either CCR2 or CX3CR1-deficient BMCs. In contrast, the loss of CX3CR1 from BMCs, but not CCR2, significantly reduced small venule remodeling compared to WT controls. We conclude that microvascular remodeling is differentially regulated by BMC-expressed chemokine receptors. Both CCR2 and CX3CR1 regulate arteriole growth; however, only BMC-expressed CX3CR1 impacts small venule growth. These findings may provide a basis for additional investigations aimed at determining how patterns of monocyte subpopulation recruitment spatially influence microvascular remodeling.
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43
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Regulation of collateral blood vessel development by the innate and adaptive immune system. Trends Mol Med 2012; 18:494-501. [PMID: 22818027 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bruce AC, Peirce SM. Exogenous thrombin delivery promotes collateral capillary arterialization and tissue reperfusion in the murine spinotrapezius muscle ischemia model. Microcirculation 2012; 19:143-54. [PMID: 21954923 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2011.00138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the effects of exogenously delivered thrombin on cell recruitment in skeletal muscle and the formation of new collateral arterioles in the microvasculature in response to ligation-induced ischemia. METHODS Thrombin or vehicle was locally applied to both ligated and nonoperated Balb/c spinotrapezius muscles, which were harvested after three or seven days, imaged using confocal microscopy, and analyzed. RESULTS Thrombin treatment resulted in accelerated arterialization of collateral capillaries and accelerated tissue reperfusion in ischemic muscles. Uninjured muscle treated with thrombin displayed increased vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression on arteriole and venule endothelium, increased expression of smooth muscle α-actin on capillary-sized vessels, increased infiltration by CD11b(+) leukocytes, and mast cell infiltration and degranulation. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous delivery of thrombin enhances microvascular collateral development in response to ischemic insult, and accelerates tissue reperfusion. Elicited responses from multiple cell types probably contribute to these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Bruce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Rocic P. Why is coronary collateral growth impaired in type II diabetes and the metabolic syndrome? Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 57:179-86. [PMID: 22342811 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Type II diabetes and the metabolic syndrome are strong predictors of severity of occlusive coronary disease and poorer outcomes of coronary revascularization therapies. Coronary collateral growth can provide an alternative or accessory pathway of revascularization. However, collateral growth is impaired in type II diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Although many factors necessary for collateral growth are known and many interventions have shown promising results in animal studies, not a single attempt to induce coronary collateral growth in human clinical trials has led to satisfactory results. Accordingly, the first part of this review outlines the known deleterious effects of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome on factors necessary for collateral growth, including pro-angiogenic growth factors, endothelial function, the redox state of the coronary circulation, intracellular signaling, leukocytes and bone marrow-derived progenitors cells. The second section highlights the gaps in our current knowledge of how these factors interact with the radically altered environment of the coronary circulation in diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. The interplay between these pathologies and inadequately explored areas related to the temporal regulation of collateral remodeling and the roles of the extracellular matrix, vascular cell phenotype and pro-inflammatory cytokines are emphasized with implications to development of efficient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Rocic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688, United States.
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Dodd T, Jadhav R, Wiggins L, Stewart J, Smith E, Russell JC, Rocic P. MMPs 2 and 9 are essential for coronary collateral growth and are prominently regulated by p38 MAPK. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 51:1015-25. [PMID: 21884701 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transient, repetitive ischemia (RI) stimulates coronary collateral growth (CCG) in normal, healthy (SD) rats, which requires p38 MAPK activation. In contrast, RI does not induce CCG in the metabolic syndrome (JCR) rats, which is associated with lack of p38 MAPK activation. The functional consequences of p38 MAPK activation in CCG remain unknown. Theoretically, effective collateral growth would require extracellular matrix remodeling; however, direct assessment as well as identification of proteases responsible for this degradation are lacking. In this study, we investigated the role of p38 MAPK in the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMPs 2 and 9) and their requirement for CCG in SD vs. JCR rats. The rats underwent the RI protocol (8 LAD occlusions, 40s each, every 20min, in 8h cycles for 0, 3, 6, or 9days). MMP expression was measured in the ischemic, collateral-dependent zone (CZ) and the normal zone (NZ) by Western blot, and MMP activity by zymography. Expression and activation of MMP 2 and 9 were significantly increased (~3.5 fold) on day 3 of RI in the CZ of SD rats. In vivo p38 MAPK inhibition completely blocked RI-induced MMP 2 and 9 expression and activation. MMP activation correlated with increased degradation of components of the basement membrane and the vascular elastic laminae: elastin (~3 fold), laminin (~3 fold) and type IV collagen (~2 fold). This was blocked by MMP 2 and 9 inhibition, which also abolished RI-induced CCG. In contrast, in JCR rats, RI did not induce expression or activation of MMP 2 or 9 and there was no associated degradation of elastin, laminin or type IV collagen. In conclusion, MMP 2 and 9 activation is essential for CCG and is mediated, in part, by p38 MAPK. Furthermore, compromised CCG in the metabolic syndrome may be partially due to the lack of p38 MAPK-dependent activation of MMP 2 and 9 and resultant decreased extracellular matrix degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Dodd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
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