1
|
Brigotti M, Alfieri RR, Petronini PG, Carnicelli D. Inhibition by suramin of protein synthesis in vitro. Ribosomes as the target of the drug. Biochimie 2006; 88:497-503. [PMID: 16386828 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2005.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Revised: 10/17/2005] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Suramin, a drug widely used both as a therapeutic agent and in research, inhibits translation in eukaryotic cell-free systems from rabbit reticulocyte lysate (IC(50)=142-241 microM). Suramin affects both initiation (block of 43S pre-initiation complex formation) and elongation (impairment of poly(U) translation). The drug induces an increase in the pools of ribosomal subunits and the formation of high molecular weight ribosomal complexes, thus causing the disappearance of polysomes. Ribosomes isolated from suramin-treated translating mixtures are inactivated. [(3)H]Suramin binds to ribosomes and to isolated 60S and 40S ribosomal subunits (116, 106 and 3 binding sites, respectively) showing higher affinity for the small subunit (K(d)=2 microM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Brigotti
- Dipartimento di Patologia Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Avliyakulov NK, Lukes J, Kajava AV, Liedberg B, Lundström I, Svensson SP. Suramin blocks nucleotide triphosphate binding to ribosomal protein L3 from Trypanoplasma borreli. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:1723-31. [PMID: 10712604 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomal protein L3 (L3) has been demonstrated to participate in formation of the peptidyltransferase center and is essential for its catalytic activity. In the present study we show that L3 is able to bind nucleotide triphosphates with high and specific affinity in vitro. L3 was serendipitously identified by screening of a genomic phage library from a primitive kinetoplastid flagellate Trypanoplasma borreli with the ATPase domain of the topoisomerase II gene as a probe. The cloned gene was overexpressed and purified as a his-tag fusion protein in E. coli. Radioligand binding experiments, using [gamma-35S]ATP, showed that L3 is able to bind ATP but also GTP and UTP with similar high affinity (IC50 50-100 nM), while it has no ATPase activity. Furthermore, we showed that L3 has more than 500-fold higher affinity for nucleotide triphosphates compared to the corresponding nucleotide monophosphates and diphosphates. Molecular genetic and biochemical analyses allowed us to localize the NTP binding domain of L3 to the N-terminal 296 residues. Suramin, a polysulfonated naphthylamine derivative of urea, known for its chemotherapeutic effects completely inhibited the binding of [gamma-35S]ATP at subclinical levels. Results obtained with surface plasmon resonance technology showed that suramin both forms weak multimolecular complexes with L3 and binds strongly to L3 in nearly stoichiometric amounts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N K Avliyakulov
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maarouf M, Lawrence F, Croft SL, Robert-Gero M. Ribosomes of Leishmania are a target for the aminoglycosides. Parasitol Res 1995; 81:421-5. [PMID: 7501642 DOI: 10.1007/bf00931504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomes of Leishmania, a parasitic protozoan (member of the order of Kinetoplastidae), were purified on a sucrose density gradient. Two different types of ribosomes were isolated from the promastigotes: cytoplasmic (88S and 91S from L. tropica and L. donovani, respectively) and mitochondrial (75S in both species). Both types of ribosome dissociated into their subunits at low Mg2+ concentration (1-2 mM) as follows: 67S and 49S for the 91S cytoplasmic ribosomes of L. donovani and 61S and 43S for the 88S cytoplasmic ribosome of L. tropica; 55S and 34S for L. tropica and 60S and 39S for L. donovani mitochondrial ribosomes, respectively. Paromomycin (aminosidine), an aminoglycoside aminocyclitol antibiotic, interacted with the ribosomes to promote the association of the subunits. Under similar experimental conditions, spermidine and pentamidine were inactive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Maarouf
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, C.N.R.S., Gif-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moreno SN, Ip HS, Cross GA. An mRNA-dependent in vitro translation system from Trypanosoma brucei. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1991; 46:265-74. [PMID: 1922198 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(91)90050-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated efficient protein synthesis in a cell-free system from the bloodstream form of Trypanosoma brucei. This system was able to translate endogenous mRNA, added mRNA, or (apparently at much lower efficiency) three synthetic RNA transcripts lacking 5' mini-exon and 3' poly(A) sequences. Translation was resistant to chloramphenicol and greater than 95% inhibited by low concentrations of anisomycin and puromycin, but only partially inhibited by cycloheximide. Variant surface glycoprotein synthesized from endogenous mRNA was sensitive to endoglycosidase H, indicating the co-translational glycosylation potential of the system. Two proteins translated ab initio from the corresponding in vitro-transcribed RNAs showed no evidence of signal sequence cleavage or glycosylation. Efficient processing occurred when the same RNAs were translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate supplemented with canine pancreatic microsomes but not with trypanosome microsomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S N Moreno
- Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021-6399
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gonzalez NS, Cazzulo JJ. Effects of trypanocidal drugs on protein biosynthesis in vitro and in vivo by Trypanosoma cruzi. Biochem Pharmacol 1989; 38:2873-7. [PMID: 2673249 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(89)90444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nifurtimox (NF) and benznidazole (BZ), drugs used in the treatment of Chagas' disease, did not inhibit protein biosynthesis in in vitro homologous cell-free systems isolated from Trypanosoma cruzi and Crithidia fasciculata; nevertheless, their addition to growing cultures caused polyribosomal depolymerization. On the other hand, Berenil, Antrycide and suramin, used against African trypanosomiasis, inhibited protein biosynthesis in vitro but did not affect ribosomal distribution, probably due to low permeability to the drugs. The results suggest that the inhibition by NF and BZ of protein synthesis, measured as [14C]leucine incorporation by other authors, is indirect, probably through inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis and energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N S Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas, Fundacion Campomar, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Unusual pattern of ribonucleic acid components in the ribosome of Crithidia fasciculata, a trypanosomatid protozoan. Mol Cell Biol 1988. [PMID: 6965102 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.1.4.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study from this laboratory, presumptive ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA) species were identified in the total cellular RNA directly extracted from intact cells of the trypanosomatid protozoan Crithidia fasciculata (M. W. Gray, Can. J. Biochem. 57:914-926, 1979). The results suggested that the C. fasciculata ribosome might be unusual in containing three novel, low-molecular-weight ribosomal RNA components, designated e, f, and g (apparent chain lengths 240, 195, and 135 nucleotides, respectively), in addition to analogs of eucaryotic 5S (species h) and 5.8S (species i) ribosomal RNAs. In the present study, all of the presumptive ribosomal RNAs were indeed found to be associated with purified C. fasciculata ribosomes, and their localization was investigated in subunits produced under different conditions of ribosome dissociation. When ribosomes were dissociated in a high-potassium (880 mM K+, 12.5 mM Mg2+) medium, species e to i were all found in the large ribosomal subunit, which also contained an additional, transfer RNA-sized component (species j). However, when subunits were prepared in a low-magnesium (60 mM K+, 0.1 mM Mg2+) medium, two of the novel species (e and g) did not remain with the large subunit, but were released, apparently as free RNAs. Control experiments have eliminated the possibility that the small RNAs are generated by quantitative and highly specific (albeit artifactual) ribonuclease cleavage of large ribosomal RNAs during isolation. In terms of RNA composition and dissociation properties, therefore, the ribosome of C. fasciculata is the most "atypical" eucaryotic ribosome yet described. These observations raise interesting questions about the function and evolutionary origin of C. fasciculata ribosomes and about the organization and expression of ribosomal RNA genes in this organism.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gray MW. Unusual pattern of ribonucleic acid components in the ribosome of Crithidia fasciculata, a trypanosomatid protozoan. Mol Cell Biol 1981; 1:347-57. [PMID: 6965102 PMCID: PMC369683 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.1.4.347-357.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study from this laboratory, presumptive ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA) species were identified in the total cellular RNA directly extracted from intact cells of the trypanosomatid protozoan Crithidia fasciculata (M. W. Gray, Can. J. Biochem. 57:914-926, 1979). The results suggested that the C. fasciculata ribosome might be unusual in containing three novel, low-molecular-weight ribosomal RNA components, designated e, f, and g (apparent chain lengths 240, 195, and 135 nucleotides, respectively), in addition to analogs of eucaryotic 5S (species h) and 5.8S (species i) ribosomal RNAs. In the present study, all of the presumptive ribosomal RNAs were indeed found to be associated with purified C. fasciculata ribosomes, and their localization was investigated in subunits produced under different conditions of ribosome dissociation. When ribosomes were dissociated in a high-potassium (880 mM K+, 12.5 mM Mg2+) medium, species e to i were all found in the large ribosomal subunit, which also contained an additional, transfer RNA-sized component (species j). However, when subunits were prepared in a low-magnesium (60 mM K+, 0.1 mM Mg2+) medium, two of the novel species (e and g) did not remain with the large subunit, but were released, apparently as free RNAs. Control experiments have eliminated the possibility that the small RNAs are generated by quantitative and highly specific (albeit artifactual) ribonuclease cleavage of large ribosomal RNAs during isolation. In terms of RNA composition and dissociation properties, therefore, the ribosome of C. fasciculata is the most "atypical" eucaryotic ribosome yet described. These observations raise interesting questions about the function and evolutionary origin of C. fasciculata ribosomes and about the organization and expression of ribosomal RNA genes in this organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M W Gray
- Department of Biochemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Crithidia fasciculata ribosomes were found to be 80S and to dissociate into 58 and 41S subunits; on 5 to 50% sucrose gradients, rRNA was separated into 25, 18, and 5S components. The molecular sizes of the heavier rRNA species, estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were 1.24 and 0.84 M (X 10(6) daltons). The 25S RNA has a tendency to interact with the 18S RNA to give a complex that is difficult to separate by sucrose gradient centrifugation. The 25S RNA is also unstable and dissociates into 0.73 and 0.57 M components. The 18S RNA has molecular size (0.84 M) higher than the 0.7 M reported for most eukaryotes, but similar to that of Euglena and Amoeba. Ribosomal RNA hybridized 0.29% of the nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial RNA, extracted by a rapid procedure was resolved into 16 and 5S components in sucrose gradients.
Collapse
|
9
|
Hawking F. Suramin: with special reference to onchocerciasis. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY 1978; 15:289-322. [PMID: 358805 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
10
|
Eggitt MJ, Tappenden L, Brown KN. Translation in a reticulocyte cell-free system of RNA isolated from blood and culture forms of Trypanosoma brucei. Parasitology 1977; 75:133-41. [PMID: 927883 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000062272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RNA with messenger activity has been extracted from both blood and culture (insect mid-gut) forms of Trypanosoma brucei and translated in a reticulocyte cell-free system. The products of this cell-free system have been compared, and many common polypeptides demonstrated. A major polypeptide of 58000--65000 molecular weight was made when both blood and culture form RNA was added to the cell-free system. Antiserum raised against purified variant antigen from a cloned variant (MIAG 099) was used to detect specific products of this system. A major polypeptide of approximately 58000-65000 molecular weight was precipitated when the homologous trypanosome (MIAG 099) blood form RNA was used in the cell-free system. No such polypeptide was precipitated when RNA from a heterologous strain culture or blood form was used in the system. Competition experiments, in which excess purified variant antigen was addded after incubation but before addition of specific antiserum, confirmed that the polypeptide of 58000--65000 molecular weight is the variant antigen.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sherman IW, Jones LA. Protein synthesis by a cell-free preparation from the bird malaria, Plasmodium lophurae. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1976; 23:277-81. [PMID: 6795 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1976.tb03769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic polyribosomes were isolated from the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium lophurae by lysis with 0.15% Triton X-100 followed by high speed centrifugation through a discontinuous sucrose gradient. Polyribosomes were protected from nuclease degradation using 100 mug/ml heparin or 50 mug/ml dextran sulfate. Cell-free incorporation of radioisotope-labeled amino acids required a pH 5 fraction (duck reticulocyte), Mg2+, and an energy-generating system. The protein synthesizing system was stimulated by the addition of polyuridylic acid. Optimum conditions for protein synthesis by the plasmodial system are described. The effects of drugs on the cell-free protein synthesizing system using duck reticulocyte and plasmodial ribosomes are reported.
Collapse
|
12
|
Sherman IW. The ribosomes of the simian malaria Plasmodium knowlesi--II. A cell-free protein synthesizing system. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 53:447-50. [PMID: 4281 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(76)90196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
13
|
Laub-Kupersztejn R, Thirion J. Existence of two distinct protein synthesis systems in the trypanosomatid Crithidia luciliae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 340:314-22. [PMID: 4596865 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(74)90276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
14
|
Gottlieb M, Lanzetta PA, Berech J. Crithidia fasciculata: characterization of polysaccharide. Exp Parasitol 1972; 32:206-10. [PMID: 5057031 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(72)90026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
15
|
Prouty WF, Goldberg AL. Effects of Protease Inhibitors on Protein Breakdown in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)45251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
16
|
Conklin KA, Chou SC. Protein synthesis in a cell-free preparation from Tetrahymena pyriformis GL. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1971; 40:855-62. [PMID: 5002922 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(71)90031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
17
|
Letts PJ, Zimmerman AM. Polypeptide synthesis with microsomes from pressure-treated Tetrahymena. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1970; 17:593-6. [PMID: 5505360 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1970.tb04733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
18
|
O'Connell KM, Hutner SH, Fromentin H, Frank O, Baker H. Cryoprotectants for Crithidia fasciculata stored at -20 C, with notes on Trypanosoma gambiense and T. conorhini. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1968; 15:719-24. [PMID: 5719068 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1968.tb02201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|