1
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Vajpayee K, Dash HR, Parekh PB, Shukla RK. PCR inhibitors and facilitators - Their role in forensic DNA analysis. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 349:111773. [PMID: 37399774 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Since its inception, DNA typing technology has been practiced as a robust tool in criminal investigations. Experts usually utilize STR profiles to identify and individualize the suspect. However, mtDNA and Y STR analyses are also considered in some sample-limiting conditions. Based on DNA profiles thus generated, forensic scientists often opine the results as Inclusion, exclusion, and inconclusive. Inclusion and exclusion were defined as concordant results; the inconclusive opinions create problems in conferring justice in a trial- since nothing concrete can be interpreted from the profile generated. The presence of inhibitor molecules in the sample is the primary factor behind these indefinite results. Recently, researchers have been emphasizing studying the sources of PCR inhibitors and their mechanism of inhibition. Furthermore, several mitigation strategies- to facilitate the DNA amplification reaction -have now found their place in the routine DNA typing assays with compromised biological samples. The present review paper attempts to provide a comprehensive review of PCR inhibitors, their source, mechanism of inhibition, and ways to mitigate their effect using PCR facilitators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamayani Vajpayee
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Central Campus, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hirak Ranjan Dash
- National Forensic Science University, New Delhi Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Prakshal B Parekh
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Central Campus, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ritesh K Shukla
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Central Campus, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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2
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Schröder HM, Niebergall-Roth E, Norrick A, Esterlechner J, Ganss C, Frank MH, Kluth MA. Drug Regulatory-Compliant Validation of a qPCR Assay for Bioanalysis Studies of a Cell Therapy Product with a Special Focus on Matrix Interferences in a Wide Range of Organ Tissues. Cells 2023; 12:1788. [PMID: 37443822 PMCID: PMC10340683 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has emerged as an important bioanalytical method for assessing the pharmacokinetics of human-cell-based medicinal products after xenotransplantation into immunodeficient mice. A particular challenge in bioanalytical qPCR studies is that the different tissues of the host organism can affect amplification efficiency and amplicon detection to varying degrees, and ignoring these matrix effects can easily cause a significant underestimation of the true number of target cells in a sample. Here, we describe the development and drug regulatory-compliant validation of a TaqMan® qPCR assay for the quantification of mesenchymal stromal cells in the range of 125 to 20,000 cells/200 µL lysate via the amplification of a human-specific, highly repetitive α-satellite DNA sequence of the chromosome 17 centromere region HSSATA17. An assessment of matrix effects in 14 different mouse tissues and blood revealed a wide range of spike recovery rates across the different tissue types, from 11 to 174%. Based on these observations, we propose performing systematic spike-and-recovery experiments during assay validation and correcting for the effects of the different tissue matrices on cell quantification in subsequent bioanalytical studies by multiplying the back-calculated cell number by tissue-specific factors derived from the inverse of the validated percent recovery rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Markus H. Frank
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia
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3
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Moškrič A, Pavlin A, Mole K, Marinč A, Bubnič J, Opara A, Kovačić M, Puškadija Z, Uzunov A, Andonov S, Dahle B, Prešern J. Cutting corners: The impact of storage and DNA extraction on quality and quantity of DNA in honeybee ( Apis mellifera) spermatheca. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1139269. [PMID: 36935742 PMCID: PMC10020693 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1139269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to investigate methods of short-term storage that allow preservation, transport and retrieval of genetic information contained in honeybee queen's spermatheca. Genotyping of the honeybee colony requires well ahead planned sample collection, depending on the type of data to be acquired. Sampling and genotyping of spermatheca's content instead of individual offspring is timesaving, allowing answers to the questions related to patriline composition immediately after mating. Such procedure is also cheaper and less error prone. For preservation either Allprotect Tissue Reagent (Qiagen) or absolute ethanol were used. Conditions during transportation were simulated by keeping samples 6-8 days at room temperature. Six different storing conditions of spermathecas were tested, complemented with two DNA extraction methods. We have analysed the concentration of DNA, RNA, and proteins in DNA extracts. We also analysed how strongly the DNA is subjected to fragmentation (through amplification of genetic markers ANT2 and tRNAleu-COX2) and whether the quality of the extracted DNA is suitable for microsatellite (MS) analysis. Then, we tested the usage of spermatheca as a source of patriline composition in an experiment with three instrumentally inseminated virgin queens and performed MS analysis of the extracted DNA from each spermatheca, as well as queens' and drones' tissue. Our results show that median DNA concentration from spermathecas excised prior the storage, regardless of the storing condition and DNA extraction method, were generally lower than median DNA concentration obtained from spermathecas dissected from the whole queens after the storage. Despite the differences in DNA yield from the samples subjected to different storing conditions there was no significant effect of storage method or the DNA extraction method on the amplification success, although fewer samples stored in EtOH amplified successfully in comparison to ATR storing reagent. However, we recommend EtOH as a storing reagent due to its availability, low price, simplicity in usage in the field and in the laboratory, and capability of good preservation of the samples for DNA analysis during transport at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajda Moškrič
- Department of Animal Production, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Ajda Moškrič,
| | - Anja Pavlin
- Department of Animal Production, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Mole
- Department of Animal Production, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Marinč
- Department of Animal Production, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Bubnič
- Department of Animal Production, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Opara
- Department of Animal Production, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marin Kovačić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, University of J.J. Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia
- Centre for Applied Life Sciences Healthy Food Chain Ltd., Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Puškadija
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, University of J.J. Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia
- Centre for Applied Life Sciences Healthy Food Chain Ltd., Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Uzunov
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
- Company for Applied Research and Permanent Education in Agriculture, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Sreten Andonov
- Department of Animal Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bjørn Dahle
- Norwegian Beekeepers Association, Kløfta, Norway
| | - Janez Prešern
- Department of Animal Production, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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4
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Yuan Q, Wang Y, Wang S, Li R, Ma J, Wang Y, Sun R, Luo Y. Adenine imprinted beads as a novel selective extracellular DNA extraction method reveals underestimated prevalence of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes in various environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158570. [PMID: 36075418 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite severe threats of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eARGs) towards public health in various environments, advanced studies have been hindered mainly by ineffective extracellular DNA (exDNA) extraction methods, which is challenged by trace levels of exDNA and inference from abundant coexisting compounds. This study developed a highly selective exDNA extraction method based on molecular imprinting technology (MIT) by using adenine as the template for the first time. Results suggested that adenine imprinted beads were rough spheres at an average size of 0.39 ± 0.07 μm. They effectively adsorbed DNA in the absence of chaotropic agents, with superior capacity (796.2 mg/g), rate (0.0066/s) and regarding DNA of variable lengths, even the ultra-short DNA (<100 bp). They were also highly selective towards DNA, circumventing the interference of competitive compounds' interference. These properties contribute to efficient exDNA extraction (71 %-119 %) from various environmental samples. Specifically, adenine imprinted beads enabled significantly higher extraction rates of eARGs from river, air and vegetable samples (69 %-95 %) compared to that by commercial DNA extraction products (16 %-62 %). The adenine imprinted beads-based method reveals underestimated eARG levels in the environment and the corresponding risks, and thus will thus be a powerful tool for advanced exDNA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbin Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shangjie Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ruiqing Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Junlu Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ruonan Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston 77005, USA
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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5
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Zgonjanin D, Nedić D, Alghafri R, Petković S, Vuković R. DNA typing from skeletal remains using GlobalFiler™ PCR amplification and Investigator® 24plex QS kits. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Lipic SG, Giordullo LM, Fredericks JD. A novel FTA™ elute card collection method that improves direct DNA amplification from bloodstained concrete. Sci Justice 2018; 58:303-307. [PMID: 30193655 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Concrete is a common construction material found in residential and commercial buildings, bridges and parking lots that is a composite matrix containing aggregate held together with cement. The porous nature of concrete can make the collection and genotyping of biological fluids, such as blood, challenging. Forensic evidence can become embedded within the matrix, potentially reducing the amount of DNA available for analysis. In forensic science, "direct" amplification refers to a genotyping method that amplifies a DNA profile directly from a sample without DNA extraction, saving time and money. We investigated a novel application of Whatman™ FTA™ Elute cards in their ability to directly amplify PowerPlex® Fusion and Y23 profiles from minute amounts of blood that had been deposited on different concrete structures. In comparison to traditional collection methods, directly profiling blood stained construction materials using FTA™ Elute cards increased the percentage loci amplified and significantly improved both allele peak height and peak height ratio while reducing allelic drop-out. FTA™ Elute cards can provide a reliable, inexpensive and superior alternative to traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Lipic
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, 521 Lancaster Avenue, Richmond, KY 40475, United States.
| | - Lucille M Giordullo
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, 521 Lancaster Avenue, Richmond, KY 40475, United States.
| | - Jamie D Fredericks
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, 521 Lancaster Avenue, Richmond, KY 40475, United States.
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7
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Pani F, Macerola E, Basolo F, Boi F, Scartozzi M, Mariotti S. Aggressive differentiated thyroid cancer with multiple metastases and NRAS and TERT promoter mutations: A case report. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2186-2190. [PMID: 28781658 PMCID: PMC5530175 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Resistance to sorafenib may appear under treatment and may be associated with increased aggressiveness of the neoplasia. The present study reports the case of a 65-year-old male who underwent total thyroidectomy for a follicular thyroid carcinoma, Hürthle cell variant, in February 2005. Until January 2010, the patient received four consecutive 131I doses (total dose, 612 mCi) for increased serum thyroglobulin (Tg) and initial faint lung uptake (which eventually became undetectable). Subsequently, the patient developed several sequential bone (humerus, rib and skull), adrenal and lung metastases, the majority of which were surgically removed. Histological examination in all cases revealed evidence of DTC metastases that were strongly positive for Tg, as revealed by immunohistochemistry. In March 2014, sorafenib therapy was initiated, but it was discontinued 10 months later to allow an undelayable prostatectomy. Immediately upon surgery, the patient developed a large metastatic lesion in the right gluteal muscle, whose biopsy revealed undifferentiated neoplasia of epithelial origin, and the patient succumbed shortly afterwards. An extensive comparative search for biochemical and molecular markers was performed on all available tissues (primary tumor, and differentiated and undifferentiated metastases). The primary tumor and all the available metastases exhibited the same molecular oncogenic markers (namely, the RAS mutation p.Q61R and the telomerase promoter mutation C228T). In addition, the undifferentiated metastasis exhibited a p53 mutation. The present study reports a case of a sudden acceleration of DTC metastatic progression following sorafenib discontinuation, which could have been due to the emergence of sorafenib-resistant undifferentiated p53-positive tumor cell clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Pani
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences 'M. Aresu', University of Cagliari and University Hospital of Cagliari, I-09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Macerola
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Santa Chiara, Pisa I-56126, Italy
| | - Fulvio Basolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Santa Chiara, Pisa I-56126, Italy
| | - Francesco Boi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences 'M. Aresu', University of Cagliari and University Hospital of Cagliari, I-09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences 'M. Aresu', University Hospital of Cagliari and University of Cagliari, I-09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Mariotti
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences 'M. Aresu', University of Cagliari and University Hospital of Cagliari, I-09042 Cagliari, Italy
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8
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Sidstedt M, Romsos EL, Hedell R, Ansell R, Steffen CR, Vallone PM, Rådström P, Hedman J. Accurate Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Quantification of Challenging Samples Applying Inhibitor-Tolerant DNA Polymerases. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1642-1649. [PMID: 28118703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Digital PCR (dPCR) enables absolute quantification of nucleic acids by partitioning of the sample into hundreds or thousands of minute reactions. By assuming a Poisson distribution for the number of DNA fragments present in each chamber, the DNA concentration is determined without the need for a standard curve. However, when analyzing nucleic acids from complex matrixes such as soil and blood, the dPCR quantification can be biased due to the presence of inhibitory compounds. In this study, we evaluated the impact of varying the DNA polymerase in chamber-based dPCR for both pure and impure samples using the common PCR inhibitor humic acid (HA) as a model. We compared the TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix with two alternative DNA polymerases: ExTaq HS and Immolase. By using Bayesian modeling, we show that there is no difference among the tested DNA polymerases in terms of accuracy of absolute quantification for pure template samples, i.e., without HA present. For samples containing HA, there were great differences in performance: the TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix failed to correctly quantify DNA with more than 13 pg/nL HA, whereas Immolase (1 U) could handle up to 375 pg/nL HA. Furthermore, we found that BSA had a moderate positive effect for the TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix, enabling accurate quantification for 25 pg/nL HA. Increasing the amount of DNA polymerase from 1 to 5 U had a strong effect for ExTaq HS, elevating HA-tolerance four times. We also show that the average Cq values of positive reactions may be used as a measure of inhibition effects, e.g., to determine whether or not a dPCR quantification result is reliable. The statistical models developed to objectively analyze the data may also be applied in quality control. We conclude that the choice of DNA polymerase in dPCR is crucial for the accuracy of quantification when analyzing challenging samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Sidstedt
- Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University , SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.,Swedish National Forensic Centre , SE-581 94 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Erica L Romsos
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8314, United States
| | - Ronny Hedell
- Swedish National Forensic Centre , SE-581 94 Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ricky Ansell
- Swedish National Forensic Centre , SE-581 94 Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University , SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Carolyn R Steffen
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8314, United States
| | - Peter M Vallone
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8314, United States
| | - Peter Rådström
- Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University , SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johannes Hedman
- Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University , SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.,Swedish National Forensic Centre , SE-581 94 Linköping, Sweden
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9
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Farid AH, Rupasinghe PP. A fast and accurate method of detecting Aleutian mink disease virus in blood and tissues of chronically infected mink. Can J Microbiol 2017; 63:341-349. [PMID: 28177788 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the Omni Klentaq-LA DNA polymerase for detecting Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) in mink blood and tissues by PCR without DNA extraction. The presence of AMDV DNA was directly tested by Klentaq in the plasma, serum, whole blood, and spleen homogenates of 188 mink 4 and 16 months after inoculation with the virus. Samples from bone marrow, small intestine, liver, lungs, kidneys, and lymph nodes of 20 of the same mink were also tested by Klentaq. DNA was extracted from paired samples of plasma and the aforesaid tissues by a commercial nucleic acid extraction kit (Dynabeads Silane) and tested by PCR. Compared with the extracted DNA, Klentaq detected a significantly greater number of samples in the whole blood, serum, plasma, spleen, and small intestine. It was concluded that Klentaq is a preferred system for directly detecting AMDV DNA in mink blood and tissues. The lower success rate of extracted DNA compared with Klentaq could be the result of DNA losses during the extraction process. This is an important factor in chronically infected mink, which have a low AMDV copy number in the bloodstream. Direct AMDV detection also reduces the cost of PCR amplification and lowers the risk of sample contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Farid
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University Faculty of Agriculture, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.,Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University Faculty of Agriculture, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - P P Rupasinghe
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University Faculty of Agriculture, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.,Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University Faculty of Agriculture, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
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10
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Comparison of two silica-based extraction methods for DNA isolation from bones. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2016; 22:36-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Nilsson M, Grånemo J, Buś MM, Havsjö M, Allen M. Comparison of DNA polymerases for improved forensic analysis of challenging samples. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2016; 24:55-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Comparative Methods to Improve the Detection of BRAF V600 Mutations in Highly Pigmented Melanoma Specimens. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158698. [PMID: 27466810 PMCID: PMC4965116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotyping BRAF in melanoma samples is often challenging. The presence of melanin greatly interferes with thermostable DNA polymerases and/or nucleic acids in traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. In the present work, we evaluated three easy-to-use strategies to improve the detection of pigmented DNA refractory to PCR amplification. These pre-PCR processing methods include the addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA), the dilution of DNA, and the purification of DNA using the NucleoSpin® gDNA Clean-up XS Kit. We found that BRAF genotyping in weakly and moderately pigmented samples was more efficient when the sample was processed with BSA or purified with a NucleoSpin® gDNA Clean-up XS Kit prior to PCR amplification. In addition, the combination of both methods resulted in successful detection of BRAF mutation in pigmented specimens, including highly pigmented samples, thereby increasing the chance of patients being elicited for anti-BRAF treatment. These solutions to overcome melanin-induced PCR inhibition are of tremendous value and provide a simple solution for clinical chemistry and routine laboratory medicine.
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13
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Kim K, Bazarragchaa M, Brenner CH, Choi BS, Kim KY. Extensive evaluation of DNA polymerase performance for highly degraded human DNA samples. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 251:171-8. [PMID: 25912182 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Highly degraded human DNA is commonly encountered in the forensic studies. Despite many efforts, the poor quality and quantity of the DNA often result in unsuccessful DNA analysis. There has been no extensive evaluation of DNA polymerase performance for the successful PCR of highly degraded DNA samples. We evaluated the most efficient DNA polymerases, based on real-time PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis analyses for a single copy gene amplification, with 200 ancient DNA (aDNA) samples of various origins. Nine commercially available DNA polymerases were tested, which included enzymes that are reportedly effective for PCR-inhibitory samples. The first screening test for the polymerases with 20 aDNA samples showed that Pico Maxx HF, FastStart Taq, and Ex Taq HS DNA polymerases were the most effective. Further tests with 180 aDNA samples showed that AmpliTaq Gold (control) amplified PCR products from 52 aDNA samples, PicoMaxx HF from 62, FastStart Taq from 64, and Ex Taq HS from 65. The use of two or more of Ex Taq HS, FastStart Taq, and PicoMaxx HF resulted in a significantly higher success rate than that of AmpliTaq Gold alone. With 37 positive samples tested in duplicate, Ex Taq HS showed the highest reproducibility (13 samples) and AmpliTaq Gold, the lowest (four samples); this difference was significant. The data also showed preferential amplification by the enzymes; Ex Taq HS exclusively produced amplification from two samples, FastStart Taq from one, and PicoMaxx HF from one. We suggest that the initial use of these three DNA polymerases will increase the probability of successfully amplifying DNA from highly degraded human DNA samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kijeong Kim
- Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Munkhtsetseg Bazarragchaa
- Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Charles H Brenner
- DNA_VIEW, Oakland, CA 94601, USA; School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Byung-Sun Choi
- Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Yong Kim
- Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Geng T, Mathies RA. Minimizing inhibition of PCR-STR typing using digital agarose droplet microfluidics. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2015; 14:203-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Zabetakis KM, Niño de Guzmán GT, Torrents A, Yarwood S. Toxicity of zero-valent iron nanoparticles to a trichloroethylene-degrading groundwater microbial community. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 50:794-805. [PMID: 26030685 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1019796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The microbiological impact of zero-valent iron used in the remediation of groundwater was investigated by exposing a trichloroethylene-degrading anaerobic microbial community to two types of iron nanoparticles. Changes in total bacterial and archaeal population numbers were analyzed using qPCR and were compared to results from a blank and negative control to assess for microbial toxicity. Additionally, the results were compared to those of samples exposed to silver nanoparticles and iron filings in an attempt to discern the source of toxicity. Statistical analysis revealed that the three different iron treatments were equally toxic to the total bacteria and archaea populations, as compared with the controls. Conversely, the silver nanoparticles had a limited statistical impact when compared to the controls and increased the microbial populations in some instances. Therefore, the findings suggest that zero-valent iron toxicity does not result from a unique nanoparticle-based effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara M Zabetakis
- a Marine-Estuarine-Environmental Sciences Department , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland , USA
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Doran AE, Foran DR. Assessment and mitigation of DNA loss utilizing centrifugal filtration devices. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2014; 13:187-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hedman J, Knutsson R, Ansell R, Rådström P, Rasmusson B. Pre-PCR processing in bioterrorism preparedness: improved diagnostic capabilities for laboratory response networks. Biosecur Bioterror 2014; 11 Suppl 1:S87-101. [PMID: 23971826 DOI: 10.1089/bsp.2012.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic DNA analysis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become a valuable tool for rapid detection of biothreat agents. However, analysis is often challenging because of the limited size, quality, and purity of the biological target. Pre-PCR processing is an integrated concept in which the issues of analytical limit of detection and simplicity for automation are addressed in all steps leading up to PCR amplification--that is, sampling, sample treatment, and the chemical composition of PCR. The sampling method should maximize target uptake and minimize uptake of extraneous substances that could impair the analysis--so-called PCR inhibitors. In sample treatment, there is a trade-off between yield and purity, as extensive purification leads to DNA loss. A cornerstone of pre-PCR processing is to apply DNA polymerase-buffer systems that are tolerant to specific sample impurities, thereby lowering the need for expensive purification steps and maximizing DNA recovery. Improved awareness among Laboratory Response Networks (LRNs) regarding pre-PCR processing is important, as ineffective sample processing leads to increased cost and possibly false-negative or ambiguous results, hindering the decision-making process in a bioterrorism crisis. This article covers the nature and mechanisms of PCR-inhibitory substances relevant for agroterrorism and bioterrorism preparedness, methods for quality control of PCR reactions, and applications of pre-PCR processing to optimize and simplify the analysis of various biothreat agents. Knowledge about pre-PCR processing will improve diagnostic capabilities of LRNs involved in the response to bioterrorism incidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hedman
- Johannes Hedman, PhD, is employed as a specialist at the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science (SKL) and holds a research position at Applied Microbiology, Lund University. Rickard Knutsson, PhD, is Director of Security Department, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden . Ricky Ansell, PhD, is employed as forensic advisor and senior reporting officer at the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science (SKL). Birgitta Rasmusson, PhD, is employed as research director at the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science (SKL) and holds a position as adjunct professor at Applied Microbiology, Lund University. Peter Rådström, PhD, is employed as professor Applied Microbiology, Lund University
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Dobhal S, Zhang G, Rohla C, Smith M, Ma L. A simple, rapid, cost-effective and sensitive method for detection of Salmonella
in environmental and pecan samples. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:1181-90. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Dobhal
- National Institute for Microbial Forensics and Food and Agricultural Biosecurity; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater OK USA
| | - G. Zhang
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition; Food and Drug Administration; College Park MD USA
| | - C. Rohla
- Samuel Robert Noble Foundation; Ardmore OK USA
| | - M.W. Smith
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater OK USA
| | - L.M. Ma
- National Institute for Microbial Forensics and Food and Agricultural Biosecurity; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater OK USA
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Schweitzer MH, Zheng W, Cleland TP, Goodwin MB, Boatman E, Theil E, Marcus MA, Fakra SC. A role for iron and oxygen chemistry in preserving soft tissues, cells and molecules from deep time. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20132741. [PMID: 24285202 PMCID: PMC3866414 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.2741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistence of original soft tissues in Mesozoic fossil bone is not explained by current chemical degradation models. We identified iron particles (goethite-αFeO(OH)) associated with soft tissues recovered from two Mesozoic dinosaurs, using transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, micro-X-ray diffraction and Fe micro-X-ray absorption near-edge structure. Iron chelators increased fossil tissue immunoreactivity to multiple antibodies dramatically, suggesting a role for iron in both preserving and masking proteins in fossil tissues. Haemoglobin (HB) increased tissue stability more than 200-fold, from approximately 3 days to more than two years at room temperature (25°C) in an ostrich blood vessel model developed to test post-mortem 'tissue fixation' by cross-linking or peroxidation. HB-induced solution hypoxia coupled with iron chelation enhances preservation as follows: HB + O2 > HB - O2 > -O2 >> +O2. The well-known O2/haeme interactions in the chemistry of life, such as respiration and bioenergetics, are complemented by O2/haeme interactions in the preservation of fossil soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H. Schweitzer
- Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
| | - Wenxia Zheng
- Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Timothy P. Cleland
- Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Mark B. Goodwin
- Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Elizabeth Boatman
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Elizabeth Theil
- CHORI (Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute), 5700 Martin Luther King, Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7622, USA
| | - Matthew A. Marcus
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sirine C. Fakra
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Seo SB, Jin HX, Lee HY, Ge J, King JL, Lyoo SH, Shin DH, Lee SD. Improvement of short tandem repeat analysis of samples highly contaminated by humic acid. J Forensic Leg Med 2013; 20:922-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sairkar P, Chouhan S, Batav N, Sharma R. Optimization of DNA isolation process and enhancement of RAPD PCR for low quality genomic DNA of Terminalia arjuna. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Buś MM, Żmihorski M, Romanowski J, Balčiauskienė L, Cichocki J, Balčiauskas L. High efficiency protocol of DNA extraction from Micromys minutus mandibles from owl pellets: a tool for molecular research of cryptic mammal species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 59:99-109. [PMID: 24436494 PMCID: PMC3889517 DOI: 10.1007/s13364-013-0144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Owl pellets have high potential as a source of DNA. However, this noninvasive method of collecting DNA is rarely used, and its methodological aspects are poorly understood. We investigated the methodology for DNA extraction and amplification from owl pellets containing the smallest European rodent—the Harvest mouse Micromys minutus—as an example. We used mandibles identified in owl pellets for mitochondrial and nuclear DNA amplification. For DNA extraction, we tested two commercial protocols and utilized a protocol being a combination of two commercial kits which ensured high efficiency of DNA extraction. Additionally, we recorded that the amount of DNA was five times higher in extracts from teeth as compared to DNA extracts from jawbones derived from the same mandible. The quantity of DNA was significantly positively correlated with biological sample weight; however, the age of the pellet remains had an impact on the level of inhibition. We recorded inhibition in 40 % of mtDNA extracts derived from pellets older than 150 months, whereas in DNA extracts from pellets younger than 80 months, we did not observe a negative impact of inhibition on PCR efficiency. The amplification success rate was 89.9 % for the mitochondrial fragment and 39.4 % in the case of the nuclear fragment. We observed partial degradation of DNA evidenced by the fact that the longest fragments that we were able to amplify in the case of mtDNA were 450 and 200 bp for nuDNA. The study shows that pellets can be considered as a source of DNA and have high potential for molecular research in the case of threatened species and species that are difficult to study using standard field techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M. Buś
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00679 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75108 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michał Żmihorski
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00679 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Romanowski
- Centre for Ecological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Konopnickiej 1, 05092 Łomianki, Poland
| | | | - Jan Cichocki
- Department of Zoology, University of Zielona Góra, Szafrana 1, 65516 Zielona Góra, Poland
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Benoit JN, Quatrehomme G, F Carle G, Pognonec P. An alternative procedure for extraction of DNA from ancient and weathered bone fragments. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2013; 53:100-106. [PMID: 23155118 DOI: 10.1258/msl.2012.012026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bone is the most challenging tissue for DNA extraction and purification. Expensive commercial kits and specific equipments are often used in forensic and anthropology laboratories towards that goal. We present here an integrated procedure that gives satisfactory results for DNA preparation from fresh, ancient or weathered bones. Extraction is performed under simple but efficient vacuum-controlled conditions that greatly limit the risks of cross-contaminations. The whole process has been designed to minimize the need for expensive equipment and chemicals, and to be compatible with any molecular biology laboratory. In addition, no toxic reagents are necessary and the procedure is straightforward. Combined with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), this method allows species identification and sex determination from subcellular amount of DNA (1-5 pg). In addition, enough DNA is generally obtained for human DNA profiling if necessary. The whole procedure from bone treatment to the final qPCR results takes less than 48 hours. This procedure should allow any laboratory with standard molecular biology equipment and expertise to perform bone DNA characterization whenever necessary.
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Monroe C, Grier C, Kemp BM. Evaluating the efficacy of various thermo-stable polymerases against co-extracted PCR inhibitors in ancient DNA samples. Forensic Sci Int 2013; 228:142-53. [PMID: 23597751 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA from ancient and forensic specimens is often co-extracted with unknown amounts of unknown PCR inhibitors, which can lead to underestimated DNA concentrations, allelic drop-out, and/or false-negative results. It is not surprising, in this case, that numerous methods have been developed to remove PCR inhibitors or subdue their effects. One simple and cost effective approach could be the adoption of a polymerase that overcomes or is less affected by PCR inhibitors. In this study, nine different polymerases were evaluated for their efficacy against PCR inhibitors co-extracted with DNA from 63 ancient salmon vertebrae. These samples were excavated from two archeological sites located at the Dionisio Point locality on the northern end of Galiano Island in coastal southwestern British Columbia, Canada and date to 700-1000 and 1300-1500 years before present. Previously, DNA extracts from samples studied from this locality were determined to be largely inhibited to PCR amplification. In the present study, Omni Klentaq LA (DNA Polymerase Technology, Inc.) outperformed the other 8 polymerases in two measures: (1) its success in genetic species identification of these vertebrae, and (2) its ability to amplify an ancient DNA positive control when spiked with a volume of potentially inhibited extract from the vertebrae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Monroe
- Department of Anthropology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4910, United States
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Hastings ML, Palma J, Duelli DM. Sensitive PCR-based quantitation of cell-free circulating microRNAs. Methods 2012; 58:144-50. [PMID: 22884953 PMCID: PMC3508311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs) that circulate in the blood are promising surrogate biomarkers of disease and physiological processes. The ease of quantifying specific miRNA species using made-to-order approaches based on Taq-polymerase has led to numerous studies that have identified changes in the abundance of circulating cell-free miRNA species that correlate with pathology or other events. The growing interest in developing miRNAs as blood biomarkers necessitates the careful consideration of the unique properties of such body fluids that can make the reproducible and quantitative assessment of RNA abundance challenging. For example, enzymes involved in the amplification and analysis of RNA can be affected by blood components that copurify with miRNA. Thus, if miRNAs are to be effectively utilized as biomarkers, it is important to establish standardized protocols for blood collection and miRNA analysis to ensure accurate quantitation. Here we outline several considerations, including the type of collection tube used in sampling, the influence of added anticoagulants and stabilizers, sample processing, enrichment of vesicular and other miRNA species, RNA extraction approaches and enzyme selection, that affect quantitation of miRNA isolated from plasma and should be considered in order to achieve reproducible, sensitive and accurate quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Hastings
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jaime Palma
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dominik M. Duelli
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
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Marshall PL, King JL, Lawrence NP, Lazarev A, Gross VS, Budowle B. Pressure cycling technology (PCT) reduces effects of inhibitors of the PCR. Int J Legal Med 2012; 127:321-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-012-0770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pagan F, Lim C, Keglovic M, McNevin D. Comparison of DNA extraction methods for identification of human remains. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2011.610821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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28
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Cao Y, Griffith JF, Dorevitch S, Weisberg SB. Effectiveness of qPCR permutations, internal controls and dilution as means for minimizing the impact of inhibition while measuring Enterococcus in environmental waters. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113:66-75. [PMID: 22497995 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Draft criteria for the optional use of qPCR for recreational water quality monitoring have been published in the United States. One concern is that inhibition of the qPCR assay can lead to false-negative results and potentially inadequate public health protection. We evaluate the effectiveness of strategies for minimizing the impact of inhibition. METHODS AND RESULTS Five qPCR method permutations for measuring Enterococcus were challenged with 133 potentially inhibitory fresh and marine water samples. Serial dilutions were conducted to assess Enterococcus target assay inhibition, to which inhibition identified using four internal controls (IC) was compared. The frequency and magnitude of inhibition varied considerably among qPCR methods, with the permutation using an environmental master mix performing substantially better. Fivefold dilution was also effective at reducing inhibition in most samples (>78%). ICs were variable and somewhat ineffective, with 54-85% agreement between ICs and serial dilution. CONCLUSIONS The current IC methods appear to not accurately predict Enterococcus inhibition and should be used with caution; fivefold dilution and the use of reagents designed for environmental sample analysis (i.e. more robust qPCR chemistry) may be preferable. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Suitable approaches for defining, detecting and reducing inhibition will improve implementation of qPCR for water monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cao
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA.
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29
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Alaeddini R. Forensic implications of PCR inhibition—A review. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2012; 6:297-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hedman J, Dufva C, Norén L, Ansell C, Albinsson L, Ansell R. Applying a PCR inhibitor tolerant DNA polymerase blend in forensic DNA profiling. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2011.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Kim DJ, Linnstaedt S, Palma J, Park JC, Ntrivalas E, Kwak-Kim JYH, Gilman-Sachs A, Beaman K, Hastings ML, Martin JN, Duelli DM. Plasma components affect accuracy of circulating cancer-related microRNA quantitation. J Mol Diagn 2011; 14:71-80. [PMID: 22154918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as candidate biomarkers of various diseases and conditions including malignancy and pregnancy. This approach requires sensitive and accurate quantitation of miRNA concentrations in body fluids. Herein we report that enzyme-based miRNA quantitation, which is currently the mainstream approach for identifying differences in miRNA abundance among samples, is skewed by endogenous serum factors that co-purify with miRNAs and anticoagulant agents used during collection. Of importance, different miRNAs were affected to varying extent among patient samples. By developing measures to overcome these interfering activities, we increased the accuracy, and improved the sensitivity of miRNA detection up to 30-fold. Overall, the present study outlines key factors that prevent accurate miRNA quantitation in body fluids and provides approaches that enable faithful quantitation of miRNA abundance in body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ja Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA
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Hedman J, Nordgaard A, Dufva C, Rasmusson B, Ansell R, Rådström P. Synergy between DNA polymerases increases polymerase chain reaction inhibitor tolerance in forensic DNA analysis. Anal Biochem 2010; 405:192-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Raina A, Dogra TD, Leenaars AA, Yadav B, Bhera C, Lalwani S, Leenaars L. Identity of victims from fragmented and decomposed remnants by DNA profiling in a case of serial killings. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2010; 50:220-223. [PMID: 21539291 DOI: 10.1258/msl.2010.010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A 28-year-old man, Surinder Koli, from a Nithari village adjoining Delhi, India committed serial murder. This case was of paramount importance in medico-legal investigations, as it was a landmark case of a serial killer reported from India. The skeletal remains (627 pieces) including skull/skull portions (19) were recovered from the nearby sewer drain, sump and the backyard of the house in which this man was residing. In addition, soft tissues (51) were also recovered from the same sewer drain. The victims were killed over a two-year period. The establishment of identity of the victims was crucial to prove the case in the court of law as well as for the claimants. Nineteen sets were prepared by radiology/anatomical examination from the exhibits recovered. DNA profiling confirmed the correctness of these sets and also short tandem repeat typing of nuclear DNA successfully identified eight individuals. Both DNA profiling and radiography/anatomical examination played an important role in solving this complicated case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupuma Raina
- Department of Forensic Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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