1
|
Saenz NM, Tallman SD. Fracture variation in survivable versus fatal blunt force trauma associated with intimate partner violence. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 357:112000. [PMID: 38518565 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global human rights issue that affects approximately 25% of women and 10% of men and is the leading cause of homicides of women worldwide. Multiple interventional studies have been conducted to screen for IPV; however, fractures associated with intimate partner homicide (IPH) have not been studied from a forensic anthropological perspective. Therefore, this study uses computed tomography scans of IPH victims (n=33) obtained from the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator to 1) classify and quantify perimortem craniofacial blunt force fractures, and 2) compare the IPH-related fractures to those associated with non-lethal IPV using previously published studies. The results indicate that IPH cases presented similarly to non-lethal IPV cases in that they were concentrated on the middle and lower face, but fractures were more frequent in the upper face and cranial vault in IPH cases. While IPH cases showed more fractures, they were not necessarily associated with extensive fracturing, as 75.8% of IPH victims had five or fewer fractures-the most common being comminuted and linear fractures, comprising 93.8% of IPH-related fractures. As IPV is significantly underreported, understanding the nuances of fracture patterns associated with IPH can help to aid holistic forensic investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Saenz
- Applied EarthWorks, Inc., 1391 West Shaw Avenue Fresno, CA 93711, USA; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St. L1004, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sean D Tallman
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St. L1004, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Anthropology, Boston University, 232 Bay State Rd. #105, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cappella A, Solazzo R, Mazzarelli D, Gibelli D, Dolci C, Sforza C, Cattaneo C. The potential of facial nevi in personal identification. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6206. [PMID: 38485806 PMCID: PMC10940291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Forensic anthropologists dealing with personal identification (PI) of human remains have recently stressed the need to explore the potential of "secondary identifiers" for identifying victims who died in particular events for whom images often represent the main antemortem data available. Being the face the part most exposed in images, characteristics as pigmented skin lesions (PSLs), can be crucial if combined with other input. Since no data is available on frequencies and distribution of facial PSLs in the general population, this study aims at systematically collecting such data to verify their potential in PI and to open a debate on the aid that "secondary identifiers", regardless of their specific nature, can give to the identification of the deceased in specific forensic contexts. A retrospective analysis on three-dimensional facial models of 1039 Italian subjects (from 4 to 84 years old) was conducted to examine the incidence of PSLs discriminated according to size and position in well-defined facial areas. From the collected data we developed a probabilistic approach providing the likelihood ratio (LR) for two settings: (1) the relative frequencies of nevi in the various facial areas, providing the deriving compound probability of owning a certain facial PSLs pattern; and (2) codes describing the facial nevi pattern of each individual of our population, thus testing their uniqueness and so their potential in PI. The calculated LRs mostly proved high identifying strength, particularly when provided by the compound probability-based approach. Data on incidence and position of facial nevi, their generated codes, and the probabilistic approach here presented, all constitute a starting point for advancing secondary identifiers. Nonetheless, although this preliminary study proved facial PSLs as valuable and potentially useful for identification, their significance and validity should be interpreted with caution as we are still at the first theoretical step clearly based on ideal conditions, and thus further investigations are due on the limitations of their use in practical identifying settings. Therefore, being this systematic study only a preliminary one in its nature, it is recommended not to use this kind of approach until further studies will test its validity in several practical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Cappella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
- U.O. Laboratorio di Morfologia Umana Applicata, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Solazzo
- LAFAS (Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico), Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Debora Mazzarelli
- LABANOF (Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense), Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Gibelli
- LAFAS (Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico), Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Dolci
- LAFAS (Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico), Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiarella Sforza
- LAFAS (Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico), Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cattaneo
- LABANOF (Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense), Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Blau S, Roberts J, Cunha E, Delabarde T, Mundorff AZ, de Boer HH. Re-examining so-called 'secondary identifiers' in Disaster Victim Identification (DVI): Why and how are they used? Forensic Sci Int 2023; 345:111615. [PMID: 36907108 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Disaster victim identification (DVI) refers to the identification of multiple deceased persons following an event that has a catastrophic effect on human lives and living conditions. Identification methods in DVI are typically described as either being primary, which include nuclear genetic markers (DNA), dental radiograph comparisons, and fingerprint comparisons, or secondary, which are all other identifiers and are ordinarily considered insufficient as a sole means of identification. The aim of this paper is to review the concept and definition of so-called 'secondary identifiers" and draw on personal experiences to provide practical recommendations for improved consideration and use. Initially, the concept of secondary identifiers is defined and examples of publications where such identifiers have been used in human rights violation cases and humanitarian emergencies are reviewed. While typically not investigated under a strict DVI framework, the review highlights the idea that non-primary identifiers have proven useful on their own for identifying individuals killed as a result of political, religious, and/or ethnic violence. The use of non-primary identifiers in DVI operations in the published literature is then reviewed. Because there is a plethora of different ways in which secondary identifiers are referenced it was not possible to identify useful search terms. Consequently, a broad literature search (rather than a systematic review) was undertaken. The reviews highlight the potential value of so-called secondary identifiers but more importantly show the need to scrutinise the implied inferior value of non-primary methods which is suggested by the terms "primary" and "secondary". The investigative and evaluative phases of the identification process are examined, and the concept of "uniqueness" is critiqued. The authors suggest that non-primary identifiers may play an important role in providing leads to formulating an identification hypothesis and, using the Bayesian approach of evidence interpretation, may assist in establishing the value of the evidence in guiding the identification effort. A summary of contributions non-primary identifiers may make to DVI efforts is provided. In conclusion, the authors argue that all lines of evidence should be considered because the value of an identifier will depend on the context and the victim population. A series of recommendations are provided for consideration for the use of non-primary identifiers in DVI scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Blau
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - J Roberts
- Alecto Forensics, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - E Cunha
- National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Lisbon and University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - T Delabarde
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Paris. UMR8045 CNRS Université de Paris, France
| | - A Z Mundorff
- Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - H H de Boer
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baldino G, Mondello C, Sapienza D, Stassi C, Asmundo A, Gualniera P, Vanin S, Ventura Spagnolo E. Multidisciplinary Forensic Approach in " Complex" Bodies: Systematic Review and Procedural Proposal. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13020310. [PMID: 36673120 PMCID: PMC9857883 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The recovery of severely altered cadavers (i.e., extensively decomposed, mummified, charred or dismembered) can be a challenge for forensic pathologists due to the difficulties in identification, PMI estimation and manner and cause of death determination. In such cases, integrating routine approaches (autopsy, histology, toxicology) to more specific forensic branches can be fundamental to improving the investigative process. In this paper a systematic review using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases has been performed. The aim was to evaluate the forensic approaches implemented in the management of severely altered bodies due to decomposition, mummification, skeletonization, charring or dismemberment (to which we refer to as "complex"), and the role of each approach in the solution of a case. Then, the literature revision results were used to propose a schematic flowchart summarizing the post mortem activities that can be performed in forensic practice, adaptable in relation to each case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Baldino
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (E.V.S.); Tel.: +39-343944052 (G.B.); +39-3496465532 (E.V.S.)
| | - Cristina Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Sapienza
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara Stassi
- Legal Medicine Section, Department for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessio Asmundo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gualniera
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Stefano Vanin
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elvira Ventura Spagnolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (E.V.S.); Tel.: +39-343944052 (G.B.); +39-3496465532 (E.V.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Positive identification of a severely burnt body using multiple orthopedic implants. Rechtsmedizin (Berl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00194-022-00613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
6
|
Oliveira-Santos I, Coelho C, Cunha E, Baptista IP, Ferreira MT. The dental prosthesis (removable and fixed) from the Colecção de Esqueletos Identificados Século XXI (CEI/XXI). Int J Legal Med 2021; 135:2595-2602. [PMID: 34553261 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
For identification of the unknown, the analysis of individualizing characteristics is a paramount procedure, which allows the reconciliation of antemortem with postmortem data. Worldwide, populations are commonly affected by tooth loss, leading to procedures of oral rehabilitation, such as dental prostheses. Although the potential of these devices for human identification is well known, the lack of marks or serial numbers as well as scarce systematic register on databases may difficult its use. The objective of this paper is to present and describe the cases with dentures and bridges of an identified osteological collection, the Colecção de Esqueletos Identificados Século XXI. All the individuals were macroscopically observed, and the cases presenting dental prostheses were registered. A total of thirty-one individuals (20 females; 11 males), ages 38 to 91 years, presented 49 dental prosthesis (removable or fixed), of various materials. The removable acrylic dentures (n = 42) were the most frequent. No identifying marks or production labels were found. This research reinforces two focal points: the value of studying and recognizing medical devices and their application for identification, and the relevance of identified skeletal collections for the advance of forensic science in the current multidisciplinary approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Oliveira-Santos
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Coelho
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Cunha
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal E Ciências Forenses, IP., Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Poiares Baptista
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry Department, Institute of Periodontology, University of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Ferreira
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khartade HK, Meshram V, Garg SP, Mishra DK. Identification of skeletal remains by orthopaedic implant: A case report and brief review of the literature. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2021; 61:150-154. [PMID: 33319652 DOI: 10.1177/0025802420975304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Establishing identity from skeletal remains is a challenging task for forensic experts. Identification in such cases can be achieved by dental records, post-mortem radiography and DNA profiling. However, these methods require additional data for comparisons. Positive identification can also be achieved using implanted medical devices. This is a rapid and inexpensive method, as long as a central database is maintained for effective tracking of such devices. We present a case report in which identity was established from skeletal remains using information furnished on the implanted metallic dynamic hip screw and side plate. This case report discusses the legal scenario in India and globally with regard to medical devices and their utility for forensic application. It emphasises the need for legal provision relating to medical devices in India, which would compel the manufacturer to use unique identification numbers for each medical device and to maintain a person-specific database.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vikas Meshram
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
| | - Shashidhar P Garg
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Shyam Shah Medical College, India
| | - Dhruwa K Mishra
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Shyam Shah Medical College, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Blau S, Graham J, Smythe L, Rowbotham S. Human identification: a review of methods employed within an Australian coronial death investigation system. Int J Legal Med 2020; 135:375-385. [PMID: 33179171 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Whilst many identification methods have been widely described and discussed in the literature, and considered in disaster and humanitarian contexts, there has been limited reporting and evaluation of the identification methods used in domestic medico-legal death investigation contexts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the identification methods utilised at the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine (VIFM), which forms part of a coronial medico-legal death investigation system. The method of identification and time taken to complete the identification were reviewed for all cases admitted to the VIFM over a five-year period from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2020. The majority, 91%, of individuals admitted to the VIFM were visually identified. The remaining 9% of cases required identification by primary methods (i.e. fingerprints, DNA or dental) or, when those methods were not possible, by secondary methods (i.e. circumstantial). Visual identifications were the timeliest, taking an average of 1.5 days, whilst primary identification methods required an average of 5 days to complete. The triaging of identification methods, dependent on the case context, body preservation, availability of ante-mortem data, legal requirements and admissibility of the method, are determined by identification coordinators within the Human Identification Service (HIS) to ensure the most appropriate and timely method is employed. This review of human identification methods provides the foundation for future analyses to compare workflow processes and improve identification methods utilised in domestic medico-legal contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soren Blau
- Human Identification Services, Department of Forensic Medicine, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jeremy Graham
- Human Identification Services, Department of Forensic Medicine, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lyndall Smythe
- Human Identification Services, Department of Forensic Medicine, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samantha Rowbotham
- Human Identification Services, Department of Forensic Medicine, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Boer HH, Obertová Z, Cunha E, Adalian P, Baccino E, Fracasso T, Kranioti E, Lefévre P, Lynnerup N, Petaros A, Ross A, Steyn M, Cattaneo C. Strengthening the role of forensic anthropology in personal identification: Position statement by the Board of the Forensic Anthropology Society of Europe (FASE). Forensic Sci Int 2020; 315:110456. [PMID: 32866741 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In this position statement, the Board members of the Forensic Anthropology Society of Europe (FASE) argue that forensic anthropology methods can be used as means of personal identification, particularly in situations with limited availability of traditional identification methods (i.e. dactyloscopy, odontology, and molecular genetic analysis). This statement has been issued taking into account the international migration crises related to thousands of deaths worldwide, in which the utility of these traditional means of identification has been sporadic to non-existent. The statement is however not limited to deaths related to the migration crises, as similar problems may occur in fatalities en masse such as in natural disasters and armed conflicts, and on a smaller scale in cases of homeless or otherwise socioeconomically disadvantaged persons. The number of reports on personal identification based on sound anthropological methodology is increasing in the scientific literature. However, more research is needed to develop evidence-based standard operating procedures and statistical frameworks. It remains essential to raise awareness among forensic practitioners, law enforcement, and judiciary professionals on the utility of forensic anthropology in cases where it can provide sufficient information for identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans H de Boer
- Dept. of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Forensic Institute, Dept. of Medical Forensic Research, the Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Zuzana Obertová
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
| | - Eugenia Cunha
- National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Eric Baccino
- Medico-legal Unit, Hopital Lapeyronie, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34285 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Tony Fracasso
- Centre universitaire romand de Médecine Légale, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elena Kranioti
- Forensic Medicine Unit, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, 71110, Greece
| | - Philippe Lefévre
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Biomechanics and Organogenesis. Forensic Anthropology Unit. Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Niels Lynnerup
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Petaros
- National Board of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine in Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ann Ross
- NC Human Identification & Forensic Analysis Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, USA
| | - Maryna Steyn
- Human Variation and Identification Research Unit, School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Cristina Cattaneo
- Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense (LABANOF), Sezione Di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche per La Salute, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chatzaraki V, Ampanozi G, Thali MJ, Schweitzer W. Cardiac conduction devices in the radiologic comparative identification of decedents. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2020; 16:157-165. [DOI: 10.1007/s12024-019-00181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
11
|
A Case of Personal Identification Via Postmortem Computed Tomography Confirmation of Aphakic Eyes. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2020; 41:60-63. [PMID: 31977348 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) is used commonly in forensic medicine. Postmortem computed tomography of the head provides information on the eyes and orbits and may reveal intraocular abnormalities. We present a case in which the identity of a deceased man was confirmed by the presence of aphakic eyes detected on PMCT. A decomposed body was found in a house and suspected to be a man in his 40s who lived alone. Autopsy identified pontine hemorrhage as the cause of death. Although signs of previous dental treatment were evident, the storage period of the householder's dental records had expired. He had no family members to provide DNA for a comparative DNA analysis. Postmortem computed tomography before autopsy revealed aphakia (ie, the absence of eye lenses) suggestive of previous ocular surgery. His medical records revealed that he had undergone ocular surgery for secondary glaucoma due to uveitis, which had resulted in artificial aphakia. Peripheral iridectomy scars fully matched the findings in his medical records, thus identifying the body. The unusual finding of artificial aphakia in a man in his 40s facilitated the personal identification in this case. In conclusion, PMCT provides additional information, and the correct interpretation of intraocular PMCT findings by forensic pathologists is crucial.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cappella A, Gibelli D, Obertová Z, Cummaudo M, Castoldi E, De Angelis D, Sforza C, Cattaneo C. The Utility of Skeletal and Surgical Features for the Personal Identification Process: A Pilot Study. J Forensic Sci 2019; 64:1796-1802. [PMID: 31237695 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study provides a conceptual framework for the application of the anthropological analysis of skeletal features and surgical interventions for the purpose of identification in cases of unknown deceased individuals with unavailable fingerprint, genetic or odontological antemortem data. The study sample includes 276 individuals with known demographic and clinical information from the Italian CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection. In the sample, 124 (45%) individuals showed one or more skeletal features that may be potentially individualizing. Of these, 79% showed two and more features, which occurred in a multitude of different combinations. Skeletal findings may provide useful postmortem information that can be compared with antemortem witness statements and clinical imaging. However, more research into the utility of dry bone findings and the availability of comparative material, including imaging, and epidemiological data needs to be undertaken before skeletal features can be implemented into identification protocols and databases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Cappella
- LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento die Scienze Biomediche pe la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, Milan, 20133, Italy.,LABANOF, Dipartimento die Scienze Biomediche pe la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Daniele Gibelli
- LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento die Scienze Biomediche pe la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, Milan, 20133, Italy.,LABANOF, Dipartimento die Scienze Biomediche pe la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Zuzana Obertová
- LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento die Scienze Biomediche pe la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Marco Cummaudo
- LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento die Scienze Biomediche pe la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Elisa Castoldi
- LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento die Scienze Biomediche pe la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Danilo De Angelis
- LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento die Scienze Biomediche pe la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Chiarella Sforza
- LABANOF, Dipartimento die Scienze Biomediche pe la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Cristina Cattaneo
- LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento die Scienze Biomediche pe la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, Milan, 20133, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Blessing MM, Lin PT. Identification of Bodies by Unique Serial Numbers on Implanted Medical Devices. J Forensic Sci 2017; 63:740-744. [PMID: 28718881 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Visual identification is the most common identification method used by medical examiners but is not always possible. Alternative methods include X-ray, fingerprint, or DNA comparison, but these methods require additional resources. Comparison of serial numbers on implanted medical devices is a rapid and definitive method of identification. To assess the practicality of using this method, we reviewed 608 consecutive forensic autopsies performed at a regional medical examiner office. Of these, 56 cases required an alternative method of identification due to decomposition (n = 35), gunshot wound (n = 9), blunt trauma (n = 6), or charring (n = 6). Of these 56 cases, eight (14.3%) were known to have an implanted medical device. Of these eight cases, five (63%) could be positively identified by comparing serial numbers. If an implanted medical device is known to be present, and medical records are available, identification by medical device serial number should be a first-line method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter T Lin
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905.,Southern Minnesota Regional Medical Examiner Office, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Analysis of metallic medical devices after cremation: The importance in identification. Sci Justice 2017; 57:128-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
15
|
Numata N, Makinae H, Yoshida W, Daimon M, Murakami H. Disaster Victim Identification using Orthopedic Implants in the 2011 East-Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2017; 241:219-223. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.241.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norio Numata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tochinai Hospital
| | - Haruka Makinae
- Department of Cardiology, Iwate Medical University Hanamaki Onsen Hospital
| | | | - Masao Daimon
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wiersema JM. Evolution of Forensic Anthropological Methods of Identification. Acad Forensic Pathol 2016; 6:361-369. [PMID: 31239912 PMCID: PMC6474555 DOI: 10.23907/2016.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Forensic identification of human remains has long been a core contribution of forensic anthropologists to death investigations. The array and scientific robusticity of the identification methods employed by the anthropologist has evolved in the last several decades, and as with other nonidentification methods, anthropologists have embraced the progression toward the use of validated and statistically defensible methods for identification. This article presents an overview of the role that the forensic anthropologist plays in the identification of human remains and the evolution of anthropological methods of identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Wiersema
- Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences - Forensic
Anthropology Division
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The utilization of incinerated hip and knee prostheses for identification. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2015; 11:432-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12024-015-9677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
18
|
Orthopädisch-Unfallchirurgische Implantate. Unfallchirurg 2015; 118:83-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00113-013-2523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
19
|
Fleischman JM. Radiographic Identification Using Midline Medical Sternotomy Wires,. J Forensic Sci 2014; 60 Suppl 1:S3-10. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie M. Fleischman
- Michigan State University; Department of Anthropology; 655 Auditorium Dr., Baker Hall Room 355 East Lansing MI 48824
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
De Angelis D, Cattaneo C. Implant bone integration importance in forensic identification. J Forensic Sci 2014; 60:505-8. [PMID: 25387697 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Odontological identification consists of the comparison of antemortem dental information regarding a missing person with postmortem data from an unidentified corpse or human remains. Usually, the comparison concerns morphologic features that the operator chooses among all the visible characteristics because of inter-individual uniqueness; for this reason, implants can be of enormous assistance. A case concerning the recovery of a burnt oral implant, connected to a bone fragment, among 2780 charred bone fragments, suspected to have belonged to a victim of homicide, is presented to demonstrate that dental implants and their site of bone integration represent a very precious element for personal forensic identification. Because of their morphological invariability in time and because of their morphologic uniqueness, they were used as evidence to associate unidentified human charred remains to a missing person where DNA analysis failed to do so. The case illustrates the fundamental contribution, not yet described in literature, given by the clinical aspects of tooth replacement with dental implants to a forensic discipline. Clinical practitioners should therefore be aware of the great importance of their work and of dental records in a forensic identification scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo De Angelis
- LabAnOF, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via L. Mangiagalli 37, Milano, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Silva RF, Franco A, Mendes SDSC, Picoli FF, de Azevedo Marinho DE. Human identification through the patella—Report of two cases. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 238:e11-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
23
|
Takeshita H, Nagai T, Sagi M, Chiba S, Kanno S, Takada M, Mukai T. Forensic identification using multiple lot numbers of an implanted device. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2014; 54:51-53. [PMID: 24052003 DOI: 10.1177/0025802413498860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a case in which identification of a deceased individual was established using multiple lot numbers printed on a body implantable device. Autopsy of an unknown woman revealed an intramedullary nail inserted within her right femur. The device manufacturer was identified from the configuration of the intramedullary nail, and the "use history" was traced from lot numbers printed on the device's multiple parts. The deceased individual was thus identified as a woman who had attempted suicide by jumping from a height about a year previously and had been transported to a hospital and undergone surgery that included implantation of the intramedullary nail. The main factor contributing to the rapid identification was the manufacturer's and distributor's record of the use history (traceability) of the product, because of their accountability for purposes of quality control. A second contributing factor was multiple lot numbers, resulting in extremely low probability of the same combination of lot numbers being present in multiple individuals. This case confirmed the utility of multiple lot numbers of body implantable devices in forensic identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Takeshita
- Department of Legal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Matoso RI, Benedicto EDN, de Lima SHR, Prado FB, Daruge E, Daruge E. Positive identification of a burned body using an implanted orthopedic plate. Forensic Sci Int 2013; 229:168.e1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
25
|
Berketa J, James H, Langlois N, Richards L. Cochlear implants in the forensic identification process. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2013; 9:422-6. [PMID: 23605976 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-013-9439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Decedents who are severely decomposed, skeletonized or incinerated present challenges for identification. Cochlear implants aid hearing and bear unique serial numbers that can be used to assist with identification of bodies that are not visually identifiable. The purpose of this paper was to highlight companies that have or had manufactured cochlear type implants and demonstrate the appearance of the implants to assist crime scene investigators, pathologists, anthropologists and odontologists. METHOD Investigation of cochlear implants was conducted on the internet and companies were contacted for information regarding their implants. RESULTS The functional appearance of a cochlear implant is explained, brands of implants are tabulated and pre and post-incineration images are presented. CONCLUSION The prevalence of cochlear implants is predicted to increase, thus they are likely to become relevant to the identification process. Company brand and serial markings can be retrieved from post-incineration implants making them a valuable aid in identification when other identifiers that may be present are not useful because they are heat-sensitive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Berketa
- Forensic Odontology Unit, University of Adelaide, Level 3, 233 North Tce., Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Makinae H, Numata N, Kitaoka H, Daimon M, Yamamoto T, Amano A. Use of pacemaker programmers for disaster victim identification. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2013; 9:551-3. [PMID: 23592022 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-013-9432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Disaster victim identification (DVI) presents a number of physical and legal challenges, involving the degeneration of human remains and legal obstacles to forensic examinations. One non-invasive method for positive identification may be the use of a pacemaker programmer to detect and obtain data from pacemakers recovered from unidentified remains. To test the usefulness of this method, this investigation examined the efficiency and utility of 5 different pacemaker programmers in the positive identification of victims of the March 2011 tsunami in Japan at 8 disaster sites in May 2011. On scanning 148 sets of remains, data were successfully obtained from 1 implant in 1 set of remains, allowing for the rapid positive identification of the individual. Scanning pacemakers with pacemaker programmers can be a non-invasive method of positive identification that meets Japanese legal and institutional requirements, but this method is ineffective without a preceding whole-body X-ray scan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Makinae
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|