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Liu W, Wang J, Hao Y, Song X, Yang Y, Li J, He J, Bu Y, Niu H. Molecular phylogeography of Hipposideros pratti in China. Integr Zool 2023. [PMID: 37789567 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Hipposideros pratti has low genetic diversity and was divided into two clades, the central-western clade and the eastern clade. We did not detect a clear east-to-west dispersal route along the longitudinal direction, and we found that the eastern clade spread outward from one population to another, while the central-western clade spread gradually. The glacial-interglacial period of the Quaternary influenced the migration and dispersal of H. pratti. H. pratti did not experience a significant population increase in the past, and the average population trajectory was decreasing. Given the convenient ecosystem services provided by bats, the preservation of bat populations is particularly critical. Nonetheless, we have discovered that the majority of H. pratti's distributional sites were not discovered in this study. Based on our results, it is important to apply in situ conservation measures for effective protection as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jinhe Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xinhang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jingying He
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanzhen Bu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hongxing Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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Krehenwinkel H, Pomerantz A, Henderson JB, Kennedy SR, Lim JY, Swamy V, Shoobridge JD, Graham N, Patel NH, Gillespie RG, Prost S. Nanopore sequencing of long ribosomal DNA amplicons enables portable and simple biodiversity assessments with high phylogenetic resolution across broad taxonomic scale. Gigascience 2019; 8:giz006. [PMID: 30824940 PMCID: PMC6503943 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In light of the current biodiversity crisis, DNA barcoding is developing into an essential tool to quantify state shifts in global ecosystems. Current barcoding protocols often rely on short amplicon sequences, which yield accurate identification of biological entities in a community but provide limited phylogenetic resolution across broad taxonomic scales. However, the phylogenetic structure of communities is an essential component of biodiversity. Consequently, a barcoding approach is required that unites robust taxonomic assignment power and high phylogenetic utility. A possible solution is offered by sequencing long ribosomal DNA (rDNA) amplicons on the MinION platform (Oxford Nanopore Technologies). FINDINGS Using a dataset of various animal and plant species, with a focus on arthropods, we assemble a pipeline for long rDNA barcode analysis and introduce a new software (MiniBar) to demultiplex dual indexed Nanopore reads. We find excellent phylogenetic and taxonomic resolution offered by long rDNA sequences across broad taxonomic scales. We highlight the simplicity of our approach by field barcoding with a miniaturized, mobile laboratory in a remote rainforest. We also test the utility of long rDNA amplicons for analysis of community diversity through metabarcoding and find that they recover highly skewed diversity estimates. CONCLUSIONS Sequencing dual indexed, long rDNA amplicons on the MinION platform is a straightforward, cost-effective, portable, and universal approach for eukaryote DNA barcoding. Although bulk community analyses using long-amplicon approaches may introduce biases, the long rDNA amplicons approach signifies a powerful tool for enabling the accurate recovery of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity across biological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Krehenwinkel
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Faculty of Regional and Environmental Sciences, Trier 54286, Germany
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Center for Comparative Genomics, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California, 94118, USA
| | - Aaron Pomerantz
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - James B Henderson
- Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California, 94118, USA
- Center for Comparative Genomics, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California, 94118, USA
| | - Susan R Kennedy
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Jun Ying Lim
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Varun Swamy
- San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, California, 92027, USA
| | - Juan Diego Shoobridge
- Applied Botany Laboratory, Research and development Laboratories, Cayetano Heredia University, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Urb Ingenieria, Lima, Perú
| | - Natalie Graham
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Nipam H Patel
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Rosemary G Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Stefan Prost
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, National Zoological Garden, Pretoria, 0184, South Africa
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Lausen CL, Proctor M, Nagorsen DW, Burles D, Paetkau D, Harmston E, Blejwas K, Govindarajulu P, Friis L. Population genetics reveal Myotis keenii(Keen’s myotis) and Myotis evotis(long-eared myotis) to be a single species. CAN J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2018-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recognizing delineations of gene flow among groups of animals can be challenging but is necessary for conservation and management. Of particular importance is the identification of species boundaries. Several physical and genetic traits have been used with mixed success to distinguish Myotis keenii (Merriam, 1895) (Keen’s myotis) and Myotis evotis (H. Allen, 1864) (long-eared myotis), but it is unclear whether species distinction is biologically warranted. We generated 12–14 microsatellite locus genotypes for 275 long-eared Myotis representing four species — M. keenii, M. evotis, Myotis septentrionalis (Trouessart, 1897) (northern myotis), and Myotis thysanodes Miller, 1897 (fringed myotis) — from across northwestern North America and 23 Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte, 1831) (little brown myotis) as the outgroup. Population genetic analyses revealed four well-defined groups (species): M. septentrionalis, M. thysanodes, M. lucifugus, and a single group comprising M. keenii and M. evotis. We document high rates of gene flow within M. evotis/M. keenii. Cytochrome b gene (mtDNA) sequencing failed to resolve morphologically identifiable species. We highlight the importance of geographically thorough investigation of genetic connectivity (nuclear markers) when assessing taxonomic status of closely related groups. We document a morphometric cline within M. evotis/M. keenii that may in part explain earlier analyses that led to the description of the smaller bodied M. keenii (type locality: Haida Gwaii). We conclude that M. keenii does not qualify as a genetic or biological species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cori L. Lausen
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, P.O. Box 606, Kaslo, BC V0G 1M0, Canada
| | - Michael Proctor
- Birchdale Ecological Ltd., P.O. Box 606, Kaslo, BC V0G 1M0, Canada
| | - David W. Nagorsen
- Royal British Columbia Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, BC V8W 9W2, Canada
| | - Doug Burles
- Parks Canada, Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site, Queen Charlotte, BC V0T 1S0, Canada
| | - David Paetkau
- Wildlife Genetics International, #200-182 Baker Street, Nelson, BC V1L 4H2, Canada
| | - Erin Harmston
- Wildlife Genetics International, #200-182 Baker Street, Nelson, BC V1L 4H2, Canada
| | - Karen Blejwas
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 802 3rd Street, Douglas, AK 99824, USA
| | - Purnima Govindarajulu
- BC Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy, 4th Floor-525 Superior Street, Victoria, BC V8V 0C5, Canada
| | - Laura Friis
- BC Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy (retired)
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Levy E, Byrne M, Coates DJ, Macdonald BM, McArthur S, van Leeuwen S. Contrasting Influences of Geographic Range and Distribution of Populations on Patterns of Genetic Diversity in Two Sympatric Pilbara Acacias. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163995. [PMID: 27768703 PMCID: PMC5074490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of geographic range on species persistence has long been of interest and there is a need for a better understanding of the genetic consequences for species with restricted distributions, particularly with the increasing rate of global species extinctions. However, the genetic effects of restricted range are often confounded by the impacts of population distribution. We compared chloroplast and nuclear genetic diversity and differentiation in two acacias, the restricted, patchily distributed Acacia atkinsiana and the widespread, semi-continuously distributed A. ancistrocarpa. Lower intra-population diversity and higher differentiation between populations were seen in A. atkinsiana compared to its widespread congener, A. ancistrocarpa. There was little evidence of geographical influences on population genetic structure in A. ancistrocarpa whereas A. atkinsiana exhibited nuclear genetic structure with isolation by distance, differentiation of near-coastal populations from those in the ranges, and differentiation of peripheral populations from those in the centre of the distribution. These results are consistent with expectations of the effect of geographic range and population distribution on genetic diversity, but indicate that distribution of populations rather than geographic range has influenced the observed genetic structure. The contrasting patterns observed here demonstrate that conservation approaches for species management and ecological restoration need to consider the distribution of populations in geographically restricted species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Levy
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M. Byrne
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - D. J. Coates
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - B. M. Macdonald
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - S. McArthur
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - S. van Leeuwen
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Chambers GK, Curtis C, Millar CD, Huynen L, Lambert DM. DNA fingerprinting in zoology: past, present, future. INVESTIGATIVE GENETICS 2014; 5:3. [PMID: 24490906 PMCID: PMC3909909 DOI: 10.1186/2041-2223-5-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In 1962, Thomas Kuhn famously argued that the progress of scientific knowledge results from periodic 'paradigm shifts' during a period of crisis in which new ideas dramatically change the status quo. Although this is generally true, Alec Jeffreys' identification of hypervariable repeat motifs in the human beta-globin gene, and the subsequent development of a technology known now as 'DNA fingerprinting', also resulted in a dramatic shift in the life sciences, particularly in ecology, evolutionary biology, and forensics. The variation Jeffreys recognized has been used to identify individuals from tissue samples of not just humans, but also of many animal species. In addition, the technology has been used to determine the sex of individuals, as well as paternity/maternity and close kinship. We review a broad range of such studies involving a wide diversity of animal species. For individual researchers, Jeffreys' invention resulted in many ecologists and evolutionary biologists being given the opportunity to develop skills in molecular biology to augment their whole organism focus. Few developments in science, even among the subsequent genome discoveries of the 21st century, have the same wide-reaching significance. Even the later development of PCR-based genotyping of individuals using microsatellite repeats sequences, and their use in determining multiple paternity, is conceptually rooted in Alec Jeffreys' pioneering work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David M Lambert
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
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Phylogeography of the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus): marked population structure, Neotropical Pleistocene vicariance and incongruence between nuclear and mtDNA markers. BMC Evol Biol 2009; 9:294. [PMID: 20021693 PMCID: PMC2801518 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus is an excellent model organism for studying ecological vicariance in the Neotropics due to its broad geographic range and its preference for forested areas as roosting sites. With the objective of testing for Pleistocene ecological vicariance, we sequenced a mitocondrial DNA (mtDNA) marker and two nuclear markers (RAG2 and DRB) to try to understand how Pleistocene glaciations affected the distribution of intraspecific lineages in this bat. RESULTS Five reciprocally monophyletic clades were evident in the mitochondrial gene tree, and in most cases with high bootstrap support: Central America (CA), Amazon and Cerrado (AMC), Pantanal (PAN), Northern Atlantic Forest (NAF) and Southern Atlantic Forest (SAF). The Atlantic forest clades formed a monophyletic clade with high bootstrap support, creating an east/west division for this species in South America. On the one hand, all coalescent and non-coalescent estimates point to a Pleistocene time of divergence between the clades. On the other hand, the nuclear markers showed extensive sharing of haplotypes between distant localities, a result compatible with male-biased gene flow. In order to test if the disparity between the mitochondrial and nuclear markers was due to the difference in mutation rate and effective size, we performed a coalescent simulation to examine the feasibility that, given the time of separation between the observed lineages, even with a gene flow rate close to zero, there would not be reciprocal monophyly for a neutral nuclear marker. We used the observed values of theta and an estimated mutation rate for the nuclear marker gene to perform 1000 iterations of the simulation. The results of this simulation were inconclusive: the number of iterations with and without reciprocal monophyly of one or more clades are similar. CONCLUSIONS We therefore conclude that the pattern exhibited by the common vampire bat, with marked geographical structure for a mitochondrial marker and no phylogeographic structure for nuclear markers is compatible with a historical scenario of complete isolation of refuge-like populations during the Pleistocene. The results on demographic history on this species is compatible with the Carnaval-Moritz model of Pleistocene vicariance, with demographic expansions in the southern Atlantic forest.
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Johnson JA, Toepfer JE, Dunn PO. Contrasting patterns of mitochondrial and microsatellite population structure in fragmented populations of greater prairie-chickens. Mol Ecol 2004; 12:3335-47. [PMID: 14629350 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.02013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Greater prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus) were once found throughout the tallgrass prairie of midwestern North America but over the last century these prairies have been lost or fragmented by human land use. As a consequence, many current populations of prairie-chickens have become isolated and small. This fragmentation of populations is expected to lead to reductions in genetic variation as a result of random genetic drift and a decrease in gene flow. As expected, we found that genetic variation at both microsatellite DNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers was reduced in smaller populations, particularly in Wisconsin. There was relatively little range-wide geographical structure (FST) when we examined mtDNA haplotypes but there was a significant positive relationship between genetic (FST) and geographical distance (isolation by distance). In contrast, microsatellite DNA loci revealed significant geographical structure (FST) and a weak effect of isolation by distance throughout the range. These patterns were much stronger when populations with reduced levels of genetic variability (Wisconsin) were removed from the analyses. This suggests that the effects of genetic drift were stronger than gene flow at microsatellite loci, whereas these forces were in range-wide equilibrium at mtDNA markers. These differences between the two molecular markers may be explained by a larger effective population size (Ne) for mtDNA, which is expected in species such as prairie-chickens that have female-biased dispersal and high levels of polygyny. Our results suggest that historic populations of prairie-chickens were once interconnected by gene flow but current populations are now isolated. Thus, maintaining gene flow may be important for the long-term persistence of prairie-chicken populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff A Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, PO Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
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