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Neubauer TA. The fossil record of freshwater Gastropoda - a global review. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:177-199. [PMID: 37698140 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Gastropoda are an exceptionally successful group with a rich and diverse fossil record. They have conquered land and freshwater habitats multiple times independently and have dispersed across the entire globe. Since they are important constituents of fossil assemblages, they are often used for palaeoecological reconstruction, biostratigraphic correlations, and as model groups to study morphological and taxonomic evolution. While marine faunas and their evolution have been a common subject of study, the freshwater component of the fossil record has attracted much less attention, and a global overview is lacking. Here, I review the fossil record of freshwater gastropods on a global scale, ranging from their origins in the late Palaeozoic to the Pleistocene. As compiled here, the global fossil record of freshwater Gastropoda includes 5182 species in 490 genera, 44 families, and 12 superfamilies over a total of ~340 million years. Following a slow and poorly known start in the late Palaeozoic, diversity slowly increased during the Mesozoic. Diversity culminated in an all-time high in the Neogene, relating to diversification in numerous long-lived (ancient) lakes in Europe. I summarise well-documented and hypothesised freshwater colonisation events and compare the patterns found in freshwater gastropods to those in land snails. Furthermore, I discuss potential preservation and sampling biases, as well as the main drivers underlying species diversification in fresh water on a larger scale. In that context, I particularly highlight the importance of long-lived lakes as islands and archives of evolution and expand a well-known concept in ecology and evolution to a broader spectrum: scale-independent ecological opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Neubauer
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26 (iFZ), Giessen, 35392, Germany
- SNSB - Bavarian State Collection for Palaeontology and Geology, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, Munich, 80333, Germany
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, Leiden, 2333 CR, The Netherlands
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Boës X, Van Bocxlaer B, Prat S, Feibel C, Lewis J, Arrighi V, Taylor N, Harmand S. Aridity, availability of drinking water and freshwater foods, and hominin and archeological sites during the Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene in the western region of the Turkana Basin (Kenya): A review. J Hum Evol 2024; 186:103466. [PMID: 38134581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Although the Turkana Basin is one of the driest regions of the East African Rift, its Plio-Pleistocene sediments are rich in freshwater vertebrates and invertebrates, providing evidence that freshwater resources were available to hominins in this region during the Plio-Pleistocene (4.2-0.7 Ma). Here we provide an overview of the hydroconnectivity of the Turkana Basin. We then review the period during which freshwater river and lake systems expanded into the western region of the Turkana Basin, where hominin and archeological sites have been discovered in sediments dating back to the Late Pliocene-Pleistocene. Freshwater conditions are reconstructed from river and lake sediments and the flora and micro- and macofauna they contain. Data synthesis suggests that drinking water and freshwater foods prevailed in the western region of the Turkana Basin at 4.20-3.98 Ma, 3.70-3.10 Ma, 2.53-2.22 Ma, then between 2.10 and 1.30 Ma and intermittently from 1.27 to 0.75 Ma. Milestones in hominin evolution occurred in this context, such as the first occurrence of Australopithecus anamensis (4.20-4.10 Ma) and Kenyanthropus platyops (3.50 Ma and 3.30-3.20 Ma), the presence of Paranthropus aethiopicus (2.53-2.45 Ma), early Homo (2.33 Ma), Paranthropus boisei (2.25 Ma and 1.77-1.72 Ma) and Homo ergaster/Homo erectus (1.75 Ma, 1.47-1.42 Ma and 1.10-0.90 Ma). Developments in hominin behavior also occurred during this timeframe, including the first known stone tools (3.30 Ma), the oldest Oldowan sites (2.34 Ma and 2.25 Ma) in the Turkana Basin, the earliest known evidence for the emergence of bifacial shaping in eastern Africa (1.80 Ma), and the first known Acheulean site (1.76 Ma). Our synthesis suggests that, diachronic variation in hydroconnectivity played a role on the amount of drinking water and freshwater foods available in the western region of the Turkana Basin, despite regional aridity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Boës
- Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives (INRAP), 140 Avenue Du Maréchal Leclerc, 33323 Bordeaux-Bègles, France; CNRS/MNHN/UPVD, Alliance Sorbonne Université, UMR 7194, Musée de L'Homme, Palais Chaillot, 17 Place Du Trocadéro, 75116 Paris Cedex 16, France; Turkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | | | - Sandrine Prat
- CNRS/MNHN/UPVD, Alliance Sorbonne Université, UMR 7194, Musée de L'Homme, Palais Chaillot, 17 Place Du Trocadéro, 75116 Paris Cedex 16, France
| | - Craig Feibel
- Department of Anthropology and Center for Human Evolutionary Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Jason Lewis
- Turkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Chronicle Heritage, 319 E Palm Lane, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Vincent Arrighi
- Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives (INRAP), 13 Rue Du Négoce, 31650 Orens de Gameville, France
| | - Nicholas Taylor
- Turkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Turkana University College, Lodwar Rd., Lodwar, Kenya
| | - Sonia Harmand
- Turkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Laboratoire TRACES-UMR 5608, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Maison de La Recherche, 5 Allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse, France; Institut Français de Recherche en Afrique (IFRA), UMIFRE, USR 3336, CNRS, Laikipia Road, Kileleshwa, Nairobi, Kenya
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3
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Likhoshvai VA, Khlebodarova TM. Evolution and extinction can occur rapidly: a modeling approach. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11130. [PMID: 33954033 PMCID: PMC8051336 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fossil record of Earth describing the last 500 million years is characterized by evolution discontinuity as well as recurring global extinctions of some species and their replacement by new types, the causes of which are still debate. We developed a model of evolutionary self-development of a large ecosystem. This model of biota evolution based on the universal laws of living systems functioning: reproduction, dependence of reproduction efficiency and mortality on biota density, mutational variability in the process of reproduction and selection of the most adapted individuals. We have shown that global extinctions and phases of rapid growth and biodiversity stasis can be a reflection of the emergence of bistability in a self-organizing system, which is the Earth’s biota. Bistability was found to be characteristic only for ecosystems with predominant sexual reproduction. The reason for the transition from one state to another is the selection of the most adapted individuals. That is, we explain the characteristics of the Earth’s fossil record during the last 500 million years by the internal laws of Earth’s ecosystem functioning, which appeared at a certain stage of evolution as a result of the emergence of life forms with an increased adaptive diversification associated with sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly A Likhoshvai
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Tamara M Khlebodarova
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Kurchatov Genomics Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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Van Bocxlaer B, Clewing C, Duputié A, Roux C, Albrecht C. Population collapse in viviparid gastropods of the Lake Victoria ecoregion started before the Last Glacial Maximum. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:364-378. [PMID: 33463839 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ecosystems of Lake Victoria and riparian communities have been strongly disrupted by the introduction of the invasive Nile perch and its fishing industry. Beyond this invasion and other recent anthropogenic stressors, the Lake Victoria ecoregion also underwent phases of pronounced aridity over the Late Pleistocene, lastly during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The consequences of recent and historic environmental change have been canvassed for the adaptive radiation of haplochromine cichlids occupying the ecoregion, but their effect on freshwater invertebrate diversity remains largely unknown. Here, we use 15 microsatellite loci and approximate Bayesian computation to test whether viviparid gastropods experienced a population bottleneck during the LGM, as did cichlids. Clustering analyses support three viviparid gene pools in the Lake Victoria ecoregion, gathering specimens from 1) Lake Albert and the White Nile, 2) the Victoria Nile and Lake Kyoga and 3) Lake Victoria and tributaries. The last group contains the highest genetic diversity, but all groups have a considerable number of private alleles and are inferred to predate the LGM. Examinations of demographic history reveal a 190- to 500-fold population decline that started ~ 125-150 ka ago, thus substantially before the LGM bottleneck documented in haplochromine cichlids. Population collapses in viviparids are an order of magnitude more severe than declines in cichlids and have not been halted by the re-establishment of freshwater ecosystems since the LGM. Recent anthropogenic ecosystem deterioration is causing homogenization of previously diversified microhabitats, which may contribute to (local) extinction and enhanced gene flow among species within gene pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Van Bocxlaer
- CNRS and University of Lille, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, Lille, France
| | - Catharina Clewing
- Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anne Duputié
- CNRS and University of Lille, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, Lille, France
| | - Camille Roux
- CNRS and University of Lille, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, Lille, France
| | - Christian Albrecht
- Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Biology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Koudenoukpo ZC, Odountan OH, Bocxlaer BV, Sablon R, Chikou A, Backeljau T. Checklist of the fresh and brackish water snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) of Bénin and adjacent West African ecoregions. Zookeys 2020; 942:21-64. [PMID: 32612441 PMCID: PMC7316818 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.942.52722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently no comprehensive checklist of fresh and brackish water gastropods from Bénin exists, and those for adjacent West African areas are outdated. Yet, such checklists provide essential biodiversity information and a consistent taxonomic and nomenclatural framework for that biodiversity. Here a first checklist of the fresh and brackish water gastropods from Bénin and adjacent West African ecoregions is presented, based on an extensive literature review and field surveys between September 2014 and June 2019 in six major fresh and brackish water ecosystems in Bénin. This inventory includes information on synonymy, species distribution in West Africa, habitats, and conservation status. The fresh and brackish water gastropod fauna includes 60 species, belonging to 28 genera and 16 families. Pachychilidae, Ampullariidae, Neritidae, and Bulinidae were the most diverse families with 9, 8, 7, and 7 species, respectively. However, literature and field data indicated that 23 species observed in West African basins that extend to Bénin do not occur in the territory of Bénin. These species were not detected in our field surveys, most likely because they are rare at collecting sites. Of the 60 species included, five are classified as “Data Deficient”, 43 as “Least Concern”, two as “Nearly Threatened”, one as “Vulnerable”, and six as “Endangered” by the IUCN, whereas the remaining three species were not evaluated. Because the taxonomy of fresh and brackish water gastropods in West Africa is still largely based on morphology, comparative molecular and taxonomic studies may result in substantial revisions of this checklist over the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinsou Cosme Koudenoukpo
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Bénin.,Biodiversité et Ressources en Eau-Benin (BioREB-ONG), 01 BP 1442, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Olaniran Hamed Odountan
- Laboratory of Ecology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technics, University of Abomey-Calavi 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Bénin.,Cercle d'Action pour la Protection de l'Environnement et de la Biodiversité (CAPE BIO-ONG), Cotonou, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | | | - Rose Sablon
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Vautierstraat 29, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antoine Chikou
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Thierry Backeljau
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Vautierstraat 29, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium.,Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
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Khlebodarova TM, Likhoshvai VA. Causes of global extinctions in the history of life: facts and hypotheses. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2020; 24:407-419. [PMID: 33659824 PMCID: PMC7716527 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paleontologists define global extinctions on Earth as a loss of about three-quarters of plant and animal species over a relatively short period of time. At least five global extinctions are documented in the Phanerozoic fossil record (~500-million-year period): ~65, 200, 260, 380, and 440 million years ago. In addition, there is evidence of global extinctions in earlier periods of life on Earth - during the Late Cambrian (~500 million years ago) and Ediacaran periods (more than 540 million years ago). There is still no common opinion on the causes of their occurrence. The current study is a systematized review of the data on recorded extinctions of complex life forms on Earth from the moment of their occurrence during the Ediacaran period to the modern period. The review discusses possible causes for mass extinctions in the light of the influence of abiogenic factors, planetary or astronomical, and the consequences of their actions. We evaluate the pros and cons of the hypothesis on the presence of periodicity in the extinction of Phanerozoic marine biota. Strong evidence that allows us to hypothesize that additional mechanisms associated with various internal biotic factors are responsible for the emergence of extinctions in the evolution of complex life forms is discussed. Developing the idea of the internal causes of periodicity and discontinuity in evolution, we propose our own original hypothesis, according to which the bistability phenomenon underlies the complex dynamics of the biota development, which is manifested in the form of global extinctions. The bistability phenomenon arises only in ecosystems with predominant sexual reproduction. Our hypothesis suggests that even in the absence of global abiotic catastrophes, extinctions of biota would occur anyway. However, our hypothesis does not exclude the possibility that in different periods of the Earth's history the biota was subjected to powerful external influences that had a significant impact on its further development, which is reflected in the Earth's fossil record.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Khlebodarova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V A Likhoshvai
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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7
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Paleoecological insights from fossil freshwater mollusks of the Kanapoi Formation (Omo-Turkana Basin, Kenya). J Hum Evol 2020; 140:102341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Gemmell MR, Trewick SA, Hills SFK, Morgan‐Richards M. Phylogenetic topology and timing of New Zealand olive shells are consistent with punctuated equilibrium. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Gemmell
- Ecology Group School of Agriculture and Environment Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Steven A. Trewick
- Ecology Group School of Agriculture and Environment Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Simon F. K. Hills
- Ecology Group School of Agriculture and Environment Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Mary Morgan‐Richards
- Ecology Group School of Agriculture and Environment Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
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Van Bocxlaer B, Ortiz-Sepulveda CM, Gurdebeke PR, Vekemans X. Adaptive divergence in shell morphology in an ongoing gastropod radiation from Lake Malawi. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:5. [PMID: 31918659 PMCID: PMC6953155 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ecological speciation is a prominent mechanism of diversification but in many evolutionary radiations, particularly in invertebrates, it remains unclear whether supposedly critical ecological traits drove or facilitated diversification. As a result, we lack accurate knowledge on the drivers of diversification for most evolutionary radiations along the tree of life. Freshwater mollusks present an enigmatic example: Putatively adaptive radiations are being described in various families, typically from long-lived lakes, whereas other taxa represent celebrated model systems in the study of ecophenotypic plasticity. Here we examine determinants of shell-shape variation in three nominal species of an ongoing ampullariid radiation in the Malawi Basin (Lanistes nyassanus, L. solidus and Lanistes sp. (ovum-like)) with a common garden experiment and semi-landmark morphometrics. Results We found significant differences in survival and fecundity among these species in contrasting habitats. Morphological differences observed in the wild persisted in our experiments for L. nyassanus versus L. solidus and L. sp. (ovum-like), but differences between L. solidus and L. sp. (ovum-like) disappeared and re-emerged in the F1 and F2 generations, respectively. These results indicate that plasticity occurred, but that it is not solely responsible for the observed differences. Our experiments provide the first unambiguous evidence for genetic divergence in shell morphology in an ongoing freshwater gastropod radiation in association with marked fitness differences among species under controlled habitat conditions. Conclusions Our results indicate that differences in shell morphology among Lanistes species occupying different habitats have an adaptive value. These results also facilitate an accurate reinterpretation of morphological variation in fossil Lanistes radiations, and thus macroevolutionary dynamics. Finally, our work testifies that the shells of freshwater gastropods may retain signatures of adaptation at low taxonomic levels, beyond representing an evolutionary novelty responsible for much of the diversity and disparity in mollusks altogether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Van Bocxlaer
- CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, F-59000, Lille, France. .,Limnology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Geology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | | | - Xavier Vekemans
- CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, F-59000, Lille, France
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Joordens JC, Feibel CS, Vonhof HB, Schulp AS, Kroon D. Relevance of the eastern African coastal forest for early hominin biogeography. J Hum Evol 2019; 131:176-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Neiber MT, Glaubrecht M. Annotated nomenclator of extant and fossil taxa of the Paludomidae (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea). Zookeys 2019; 850:1-132. [PMID: 31182905 PMCID: PMC6548767 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.850.34238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This nomenclator provides bibliographic details on all names in the family-, genus-, and species-group of the the family Paludomidae. All nomenclaturally available names are discussed including junior homonyms and objective junior synonyms as well as unavailable names such as nomina nuda, infrasubspecific names and, to some extent, also incorrect subsequent spellings. In the family-group a total of 28 names are included in the nomenclator, of which 21 are available and seven unavailable names. Of the available names in the family-group, six are invalid for nomenclatural reasons. In the genus-group a total of 57 names are included in the catalogue. Of the available names in the genus-group, 11 are invalid for nomenclatural reasons. In the species-group a total of 499 names are included, of which 463 are available, but 21 are invalid for nomenclatural reasons. All names are given in their original combination and spelling (mandatory changes are discussed and corrected spellings are provided), along with the reference to the original publication. For each family- and genus-group name, the original classification and the type genus or type species, respectively, are given. For species-group taxa the type locality and type horizon (for fossil taxa) are provided, usually as given in the original publication. A new name, Cleopatraadami nom. nov., is proposed for the fossil Cleopatracylindrica (Adam, 1957), which is a homonym of Cleopatracridlandicylindrica Mandahl-Barth, 1954, and a lectotype for Cleopatradubia Adam, 1959 is designated. A new replacement name Leloupiella nom. nov. is proposed for Stormsia Leloup, 1953 which is a homonym of Stormsia Bourguignat, 1891.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco T. Neiber
- Center for Natural History (CeNak), Zoological Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, GermanyUniversität HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Matthias Glaubrecht
- Center for Natural History (CeNak), Zoological Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, GermanyUniversität HamburgHamburgGermany
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12
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Gu QH, Husemann M, Wu HH, Dong J, Zhou CJ, Wang XF, Gao YN, Zhang M, Zhu GR, Nie GX. Phylogeography of Bellamya (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Viviparidae) snails on different continents: contrasting patterns of diversification in China and East Africa. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:82. [PMID: 30898091 PMCID: PMC6429760 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species diversity is determined by both local environmental conditions that control differentiation and extinction and the outcome of large-scale processes that affect migration. The latter primarily comprises climatic change and dynamic landscape alteration. In the past few million years, both Southeast Asia and Eastern Africa experienced drastic climatic and geological oscillations: in Southeast Asia, especially in China, the Tibetan Plateau significantly rose up, and the flow of the Yangtze River was reversed. In East Africa, lakes and rivers experienced frequent range expansions and regressions due to the African mega-droughts. To test how such climatic and geological histories of both regions relate to their respective regional species and genetic diversity, a large scale comparative phylogeographic study is essential. Bellamya, a species rich freshwater snail genus that is widely distributed across China and East Africa, represents a suitable model system to address this question. We sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA for members of the genus from China and used published sequences from Africa and some other locations in Asia to investigate their phylogeny and distribution of genetic diversity. RESULTS Our phylogenetic analysis revealed two monophyletic groups, one in China and one in East Africa. Within the Chinese group, Bellamya species show little genetic differentiation. In contrast, we observe fairly deep divergence among the East African lakes with almost every lake possessing its unique clade. Our results show that strong divergence does not necessarily depend on intrinsic characteristics of a species, but rather is related to the landscape dynamics of a region. CONCLUSION Our phylogenetic results suggest that the Bellamya in China and East Africa are independent phylogenetic clades with different evolutionary trajectories. The different climate and geological histories likely contributed to the diverging evolutionary patterns. Repeated range expansions and regressions of lakes likely contributed to the great divergence of Bellamya in East Africa, while reversal of the river courses and intermingling of different lineages had an opposite effect on Bellamya diversification in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian H. Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha City, 410081 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Martin Husemann
- Centrum für Naturkunde, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hui H. Wu
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Dong
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan J. Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian F. Wang
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun N. Gao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo R. Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo X. Nie
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan People’s Republic of China
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Clewing C, Riedel F, Wilke T, Albrecht C. Ecophenotypic plasticity leads to extraordinary gastropod shells found on the "Roof of the World". Ecol Evol 2015; 5:2966-79. [PMID: 26306180 PMCID: PMC4541999 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The often extraordinary shell forms and shapes of gastropods found in palaeolakes, such as the highly diverse Gyraulus fauna of the famous Steinheim Basin, have been puzzling evolutionary biologists for centuries, and there is an ongoing debate whether these aberrant shell forms are indicative of true species (or subspecies) or ecophenotypic morphs. Interestingly, one of the Steinheim Gyraulus morphs – a corkscrew-like open-coiled shell – has a recent analogue in the Lake Bangong drainage system on the western Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, a combination of morphological, molecular, palaeolimnological, and ecological analyses was used in this study to assess whether the extraordinary shell shape in Gyraulus sp. from this drainage system represents a (young) ecophenotypic phenomenon or if it has been genetically fixed over an extended period of time. Our morphological, ecological, and palaeolimnological data suggest that the corkscrew-like specimens remain restricted to a small pond near Lake Bangong with an elevated pH value and that the colonization may have occurred recently. The phylogenetic reconstruction based on two gene fragments shows that these nonplanispiral specimens cluster within the previous described Tibetan Plateau Gyraulus clade N2. A network analysis indicates that some haplotypes are even shared by planispiral and nonplanispiral specimens. Given the ephemerality of the phenomenon, the compact network patterns inferred, the likely young phylogenetic age of the aberrant Gyraulus shells studied, and the ecological peculiarities of the study site, we suggest that the evolution of the aberrant shell forms on the Tibetan Plateau could likely be considered as a rapid ecophenotypic response, possibly induced by ecological stress. This finding may thus have implications for the ongoing debate about the processes that have caused the extraordinary shell diversity in palaeolakes such as the Steinheim Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Clewing
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Riedel
- Palaeontology, Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Key Laboratory of Plateau Lake Ecology and Global Change, College of Tourism and Geography, Yunnan Normal University Yunnan, China
| | - Thomas Wilke
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Albrecht
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen Giessen, Germany
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Gu Q, Zhang M, Zhou C, Zhu G, Dong J, Gao Y, Chen J, Chen P. Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of Bellamya quadrata from lakes of middle and lower Yangtze River. Genetica 2015; 143:545-54. [PMID: 26092369 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-015-9852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As an endemic species of freshwater gastropods in China, Bellamya quadrata plays an important role in ecosystem service provision and commercial importance. However, the species is overharvested and its natural habitats are under severe threat due to fragmentation and loss. To estimate the genetic diversity and population structure of B. quadrata, 285 individuals from eight lake populations across middle and lower Yangtze River were sampled. Seven microsatellite loci were genotyped. Our results showed that (i) the genetic diversity of B. quadrata was high in most of the studied populations, yet effective population sizes appear to be rather small in some populations; (ii) low levels of genetic differentiation exists among populations but gene flow was generally high; (iii) no clear geographic or genetic structure was observed in the studied region, implying mechanisms (zoochoric dispersal and anthropogenic translocations) that enhance dispersal and gene flow have promoted population connectivity. However, the comparatively high genetic diversity of B. quadrata could be attributed to a lag phase, suggesting that the genetic diversity of this species may be lost in the future and the priorities for conservation of B. quadrata are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhong Gu
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China,
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15
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Salzburger W, Van Bocxlaer B, Cohen AS. Ecology and Evolution of the African Great Lakes and Their Faunas. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bert Van Bocxlaer
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013;
- Department of Geology and Soil Science, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrew S. Cohen
- Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721;
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Schultheiß R, Van Bocxlaer B, Riedel F, von Rintelen T, Albrecht C. Disjunct distributions of freshwater snails testify to a central role of the Congo system in shaping biogeographical patterns in Africa. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:42. [PMID: 24597925 PMCID: PMC4015641 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of the East African Rift System has decisively influenced the distribution and evolution of tropical Africa's biota by altering climate conditions, by creating basins for large long-lived lakes, and by affecting the catchment and drainage directions of river systems. However, it remains unclear how rifting affected the biogeographical patterns of freshwater biota through time on a continental scale, which is further complicated by the scarcity of molecular data from the largest African river system, the Congo. RESULTS We study these biogeographical patterns using a fossil-calibrated multi-locus phylogeny of the gastropod family Viviparidae. This group allows reconstructing drainage patterns exceptionally well because it disperses very poorly in the absence of existing freshwater connections. Our phylogeny covers localities from major drainage basins of tropical Africa and reveals highly disjunct sister-group relationships between (a) the endemic viviparids of Lake Malawi and populations from the Middle Congo as well as between (b) the Victoria region and the Okavango/Upper Zambezi area. CONCLUSIONS The current study testifies to repeated disruptions of the distribution of the Viviparidae during the formation of the East African Rift System, and to a central role of the Congo River system for the distribution of the continent's freshwater fauna during the late Cenozoic. By integrating our results with previous findings on palaeohydrographical connections, we provide a spatially and temporarily explicit model of historical freshwater biogeography in tropical Africa. Finally, we review similarities and differences in patterns of vertebrate and invertebrate dispersal. Amongst others we argue that the closest relatives of present day viviparids in Lake Malawi are living in the Middle Congo River, thus shedding new light on the origin of the endemic fauna of this rift lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schultheiß
- Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, 20014 Turku, Finland.
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17
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Is there room for punctuated equilibrium in macroevolution? Trends Ecol Evol 2014; 29:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sanchez S, Schoch RR. Bone Histology Reveals a High Environmental and Metabolic Plasticity as a Successful Evolutionary Strategy in a Long-Lived Homeostatic Triassic Temnospondyl. Evol Biol 2013; 40:627-647. [PMID: 24293739 PMCID: PMC3832766 DOI: 10.1007/s11692-013-9238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary stasis (long-term stability of morphology in an evolving lineage) is a pattern for which explanations are usually elusive. The Triassic tetrapod Gerrothorax pulcherrimus, a gill-bearing temnospondyl, survived for 35 million years in the Germanic Basin of Central Europe persisting throughout the dinosaur-dominated Late Triassic period. This evolutionary stasis coincides with the occurrence of this species in a wide range of habitats and environmental conditions. By the combination of palaeoecological and palaeohistological analyses, we found great ecological flexibility in G. pulcherrimus and present substantial evidence of developmental and metabolic plasticity despite the morphological stasis. We conclude that G. pulcherrimus could show the capacity to settle in water bodies too harsh or unpredictable for most other tetrapods. This would have been made possible by a unique life history strategy that involved a wide reaction norm, permitting adjustment to fluctuating conditions such as salinity and level of nutrients. Growth rate, duration of juvenile period, age at maturity, and life span were all subject to broad variation within specimens of G. pulcherrimus in one single lake and in between different lakes. In addition to providing a better understanding of fossil ecosystems, this study shows the potential of such a methodology to encourage palaeobiologists and evolutionary biologists to consider the mechanisms of variation in extant and fossil organisms by using a similar time-scope reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sanchez
- Subdepartment of Evolutionary Organismal Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R. R. Schoch
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
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Abstract
The Turkana Basin preserves a long and detailed record of biotic evolution, cultural development, and rift valley geology in its sedimentary strata. Before the formation of the modern basin, Cretaceous fluvial systems, Paleogene lakes, and Oligo-Miocene volcano-sedimentary sequences left fossil-bearing strata in the region. These deposits were in part related to an early system of rift basins that stretched from Sudan to the Indian Ocean. The present-day basin has its origins in Pliocene tectonic developments of the modern rift, with subsidence making room for more than one kilometer of Plio-Pleistocene strata. Much of this sequence belongs to the Omo Group, richly fossiliferous sediments associated with the ancestral Omo River and its tributaries. Modern Lake Turkana has a record stretching back more than 200 thousand years, with earlier lake phases throughout the Plio-Pleistocene. The geologic history of the basin is one of dynamic landscapes responding to environmental influences, including tectonics, volcanic activity and climate.
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Frazzetta TH. Flatfishes, Turtles, and Bolyerine Snakes: Evolution by Small Steps or Large, or Both? Evol Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-011-9142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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SCHULTHEIß ROLAND, WILKE THOMAS, JØRGENSEN ASLAK, ALBRECHT CHRISTIAN. The birth of an endemic species flock: demographic history of the Bellamya group (Gastropoda, Viviparidae) in Lake Malawi. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Schultheiss R, Van Bocxlaer B, Wilke T, Albrecht C. Old fossils-young species: evolutionary history of an endemic gastropod assemblage in Lake Malawi. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 276:2837-46. [PMID: 19439440 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on environmental changes provide important insights into modes of speciation, into the (adaptive) reoccupation of ecological niches and into species turnover. Against this background, we here examine the history of the gastropod genus Lanistes in the African Rift Lake Malawi, guided by four general evolutionary scenarios, and compare it with patterns reported from other endemic Malawian rift taxa. Based on an integrated approach using a mitochondrial DNA phylogeny and a trait-specific molecular clock in combination with insights from the fossil record and palaeoenvironmental data, we demonstrate that the accumulation of extant molecular diversity in the endemic group did not start before approximately 600,000 years ago from a single lineage. Fossils of the genus from the Malawi Rift, however, are over one million years older. We argue that severe drops in the lake level of Lake Malawi in the Pleistocene offer a potential explanation for this pattern. Our results also challenge previously established phylogenetic relationships within the genus by revealing parallel evolution and providing evidence that the endemic Lanistes species are not restricted to the lake proper but are present throughout the Malawi Rift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schultheiss
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Symbiogenesis, natural selection, and the dynamic Earth. Theory Biosci 2009; 128:191-203. [PMID: 19399544 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-009-0065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
One century ago, Constantin S. Mereschkowsky introduced the symbiogenesis theory for the origin of chloroplasts from ancient cyanobacteria which was later supplemented by Ivan E. Wallin's proposal that mitochondria evolved from once free-living bacteria. Today, this Mereschkowsky-Wallin principle of symbiogenesis, which is also known as the serial primary endosymbiosis theory, explains the evolutionary origin of eukaryotic cells and hence the emergence of all eukaryotes (protists, fungi, animals and plants). In 1858, the concept of natural selection was described independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred R. Wallace. In the same year, Antonio Snider-Pellegrini proposed the idea of shifting continents, which was later expanded by Alfred Wegener, who published his theory of continental drift eight decades ago. Today, directional selection is accepted as the major cause of adaptive evolution within natural populations of micro- and macro-organisms and the theory of the dynamic Earth (plate tectonics) is well supported. In this article, I combine the processes and principles of symbiogenesis, natural selection and the dynamic Earth and propose an integrative 'synade-model' of macroevolution which takes into account organisms from all five Kingdoms of life.
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Graf DL, Cummings KS. Actual and Alleged Freshwater Mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida) from Madagascar and the Mascarenes, with Description of a New Genus,Germainaia. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA 2009. [DOI: 10.1635/053.158.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Van Damme D, Van Bocxlaer B. Freshwater Molluscs of the Nile Basin, Past and Present. THE NILE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9726-3_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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