1
|
DA Silva Junior JGA, Brandão RA, Gomes PB. First record of a sea anemone of genus Bunodosoma with two oral discs: a clue to asexual reproduction? AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20201003. [PMID: 35766593 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220201003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Different reproductive strategies (both sexual and asexual) that may occur in individuals of the same species may explain the success of sea anemones (Cnidaria:Actiniaria) in colonizing different ecosystems around the planet. Here we provide the first record of a Bunodosoma specimen with two oral discs and discuss the possibility of asexual reproduction in this genus. One individual of Bunodosoma cangicum was found in Carneiros beach (Pernambuco state, Brazil) with two fully individualized oral discs but with column and pedal disc still connected. Our finding may represent a clue to longitudinal fission in Bunodosoma. Yet, despite the number of different studies carried out so far, the absence of data regarding asexual reproduction in Bunodosoma suggests that it might be rare in this genus, occurring only in sporadic cases such as recovery from injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Guilherme A DA Silva Junior
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós graduação em Biologia Animal, Centro de Biociências, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, Cidade Universitária 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil.,Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Grupo de Pesquisa em Antozoários, Departamento de Biologia, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rafael Antônio Brandão
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós graduação em Biologia Animal, Centro de Biociências, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, Cidade Universitária 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil.,Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Grupo de Pesquisa em Antozoários, Departamento de Biologia, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paula Braga Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós graduação em Biologia Animal, Centro de Biociências, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, Cidade Universitária 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil.,Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Grupo de Pesquisa em Antozoários, Departamento de Biologia, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Z, Li A, She Z, Wang X, Jia Z, Wang W, Zhang G, Li L. Adaptive divergence and underlying mechanisms in response to salinity gradients between two Crassostrea oysters revealed by phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses. Evol Appl 2022; 16:234-249. [PMID: 36793677 PMCID: PMC9923467 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparing the responses of closely related species to environmental changes is an efficient method to explore adaptive divergence, for a better understanding of the adaptive evolution of marine species under rapidly changing climates. Oysters are keystone species thrive in intertidal and estuarine areas where frequent environmental disturbance occurs including fluctuant salinity. The evolutionary divergence of two sister species of sympatric estuarine oysters, Crassostrea hongkongensis and Crassostrea ariakensis, in response to euryhaline habitats on phenotypes and gene expression, and the relative contribution of species effect, environment effect, and their interaction to the divergence were explored. After a 2-month outplanting at high- and low-salinity locations in the same estuary, the high growth rate, percent survival, and high tolerance indicated by physiological parameters suggested that the fitness of C. ariakensis was higher under high-salinity conditions and that of C. hongkongensis was higher under low-salinity conditions. Moreover, a transcriptomic analysis showed the two species exhibited differentiated transcriptional expression in high- and low-salinity habitats, largely caused by the species effect. Several of the important pathways enriched in divergent genes between species were also salinity-responsive pathways. Specifically, the pyruvate and taurine metabolism pathway and several solute carriers may contribute to the hyperosmotic adaptation of C. ariakensis, and some solute carriers may contribute to the hypoosmotic adaptation of C. hongkongensis. Our findings provide insights into the phenotypic and molecular mechanisms underlying salinity adaptation in marine mollusks, which will facilitate the assessment of the adaptive capacity of marine species in the context of climate change and will also provide practical information for marine resource conservation and aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega‐Science, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Laboratory for Marine Biology and BiotechnologyPilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
| | - Ao Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega‐Science, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production ProcessesPilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina,National and Local Joint Engineering Key Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Zhicai She
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, College of Marine SciencesBeibu Gulf UniversityQinzhouChina
| | - Xuegang Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega‐Science, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production ProcessesPilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina,National and Local Joint Engineering Key Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Zhen Jia
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, College of Marine SciencesBeibu Gulf UniversityQinzhouChina
| | - Wei Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega‐Science, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production ProcessesPilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina,National and Local Joint Engineering Key Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Guofan Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega‐Science, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina,Laboratory for Marine Biology and BiotechnologyPilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina,National and Local Joint Engineering Key Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Li Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega‐Science, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production ProcessesPilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina,National and Local Joint Engineering Key Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ryan WH, Aida J, Krueger-Hadfield SA. The Contribution of Clonality to Population Genetic Structure in the Sea Anemone, Diadumene lineata. J Hered 2021; 112:122-139. [PMID: 33507264 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological and evolutionary processes differ depending on how genetic diversity is organized in space. For clonal organisms, the organization of both genetic and genotypic diversity can influence the fitness effects of competition, the mating system, and reproductive mode, which are key drivers of life cycle evolution. Understanding how individual reproductive behavior contributes to population genetic structure is essential for disentangling these forces, particularly in species with complex and plastic life cycles. The widespread sea anemone, Diadumene lineata, exhibits temperature-dependent fission, which contributes to predictable variation in clonal rate along the Atlantic coast of the United States, part of its non-native range. Because warmer conditions lead to higher rates of clonality, we expected to find lower genotypic and genetic diversity in lower versus higher latitude populations. We developed primers for 11 microsatellite loci and genotyped 207 anemones collected from 8 sites ranging from Florida to Massachusetts. We found clonal influence at all sites, and as predicted, the largest clones were found at lower latitude sites. We also found genetic signatures of sex in the parts of the range where gametogenesis is most common. Evidence of sex outside the native range is novel for this species and provides insights into the dynamics of this successful invader. Our findings also illustrate challenges that partially clonal taxa pose for eco-evolutionary studies, such as difficulty sampling statistically robust numbers of genets and interpretating common population genetic metrics. For example, we found high among-locus variation in FIS, which makes the meaning of mean multilocus FIS unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Will H Ryan
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Jaclyn Aida
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Reproduction in Urbanised Coastal Waters: Shallow-Water Sea Anemones (Entacmaea quadricolor and Stichodactyla haddoni) Maintain High Genetic Diversity and Panmixia. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12120467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sea anemones are sedentary marine animals that tend to disperse via planktonic larvae and are predicted to have high population connectivity in undisturbed habitats. We test whether two sea anemone species living in two different tidal zones of a highly disturbed marine environment can maintain high genetic connectivity. More than 1000 loci with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained with double-digest RADseq for 81 Stichodactyla haddoni and 99 Entacmaea quadricolor individuals to test for population genetic structure. We find evidence that both species predominantly propagate via sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction is limited. We observe panmixia that indicates the absence of effective dispersal barriers for these species living in a highly anthropogenically disturbed environment. This is positive news for both species that are also found in the aquarium trade. More fundamentally, our results suggest that inhabiting different parts of a shallow reef may not affect a species’ population connectivity nor favour asexual reproduction.
Collapse
|
5
|
Miller AD, Coleman MA, Clark J, Cook R, Naga Z, Doblin MA, Hoffmann AA, Sherman CDH, Bellgrove A. Local thermal adaptation and limited gene flow constrain future climate responses of a marine ecosystem engineer. Evol Appl 2020; 13:918-934. [PMID: 32431743 PMCID: PMC7232764 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rising ocean temperatures and extreme temperature events have precipitated declines and local extinctions in many marine species globally, but patterns of loss are often uneven across species ranges for reasons that are poorly understood. Knowledge of the extent of local adaptation and gene flow may explain such patterns and help predict future trajectories under scenarios of climate change. We test the extent to which local differentiation in thermal tolerance is influenced by gene flow and local adaptation using a widely distributed intertidal seaweed (Hormosira banksii) from temperate Australia. Population surveys across ~2,000 km of the species range revealed strong genetic structuring at regional and local scales (global F ST = 0.243) reflecting extremely limited gene flow, while common garden experiments (14-day exposures to 15, 18, 21°C) revealed strong site differences in early development and mortality in response to elevated temperature. Embryos from many sites spanning a longitudinal thermal gradient showed suppressed development and increased mortality to elevated water temperatures, but populations originating from warmer and more variable thermal environments tended to be less susceptible to warming. Notably, there was significant local-scale variation in the thermal responses of embryos within regions which was corroborated by the finding of small-scale genetic differences. We expect the observed genetic and phenotypic differentiation to lead to uneven responses to warming sea surface temperatures in this important marine foundation species. The study highlights the challenges of predicting species responses to thermal stress and the importance of management strategies that incorporate evolutionary potential for "climate-proofing" marine ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. Miller
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesCentre for Integrative EcologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVic.Australia
- Deakin Genomics CentreDeakin UniversityGeelongVic.Australia
| | | | - Jennifer Clark
- Climate Change ClusterUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Rachael Cook
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesCentre for Integrative EcologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVic.Australia
| | - Zuraya Naga
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesCentre for Integrative EcologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVic.Australia
| | | | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- School of BioSciencesBio21 InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Craig D. H. Sherman
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesCentre for Integrative EcologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVic.Australia
- Deakin Genomics CentreDeakin UniversityGeelongVic.Australia
| | - Alecia Bellgrove
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesCentre for Integrative EcologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVic.Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Miller AD, Hoffmann AA, Tan MH, Young M, Ahrens C, Cocomazzo M, Rattray A, Ierodiaconou DA, Treml E, Sherman CDH. Local and regional scale habitat heterogeneity contribute to genetic adaptation in a commercially important marine mollusc (
Haliotis rubra
) from southeastern Australia. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3053-3072. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. Miller
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
- Deakin Genomics Centre Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Mun Hua Tan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
- Deakin Genomics Centre Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Mary Young
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Collin Ahrens
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Michael Cocomazzo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Alex Rattray
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Daniel A. Ierodiaconou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Eric Treml
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Craig D. H. Sherman
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
- Deakin Genomics Centre Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chambers SM, Emery NC. Conserved thermal performance curves across the geographic range of a gametophytic fern. AOB PLANTS 2018; 10:ply050. [PMID: 30338048 PMCID: PMC6185718 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/ply050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Species-level responses to environmental change depend on the collective responses of their constituent populations and the degree to which populations are specialized to local conditions. Manipulative experiments in common-garden settings make it possible to test for population variation in species' responses to specific climate variables, including those projected to shift as the climate changes in the future. While this approach is being applied to a variety of plant taxa to evaluate their responses to climate change, these studies are heavily biased towards seed-bearing plant species. Given several unique morphological and physiological traits, fern species may exhibit very different responses from angiosperms and gymnosperms. Here, we tested the hypothesis that previously detected population differentiation in a fern species is due to differentiation in thermal performance curves among populations. We collected explants from six populations spanning the species' geographic range and exposed them to 10 temperature treatments. Explant survival, lifespan and the change in photosynthetic area were analysed as a function of temperature, source population and their interaction. Overall results indicated that explants performed better at the lowest temperature examined, and the threshold for explant performance reflects maximum temperatures likely to be experienced in the field. Surprisingly, explant fitness did not differ among source populations, suggesting that temperature is not the driver behind previously detected patterns of population differentiation. These results highlight the importance of other environmental axes in driving population differentiation across a species range, and suggest that the perennial life history strategy, asexual mating system and limited dispersal potential of Vittaria appalachiana may restrict the rise and differentiation of adaptive genetic variation in thermal performance traits among populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally M Chambers
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Corresponding author’s email address:
| | - Nancy C Emery
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
González AM, Prada CA, Ávila V, Medina M. Ecological Speciation in Corals. POPULATION GENOMICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/13836_2018_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
9
|
Porter CK, Benkman CW. Assessing the Potential Contributions of Reduced Immigrant Viability and Fecundity to Reproductive Isolation. Am Nat 2017; 189:580-591. [DOI: 10.1086/691191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
10
|
Schnytzer Y, Giman Y, Karplus I, Achituv Y. Boxer crabs induce asexual reproduction of their associated sea anemones by splitting and intraspecific theft. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2954. [PMID: 28168117 PMCID: PMC5289105 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Crabs of the genus Lybia have the remarkable habit of holding a sea anemone in each of their claws. This partnership appears to be obligate, at least on the part of the crab. The present study focuses on Lybia leptochelis from the Red Sea holding anemones of the genus Alicia (family Aliciidae). These anemones have not been found free living, only in association with L. leptochelis. In an attempt to understand how the crabs acquire them, we conducted a series of behavioral experiments and molecular analyses. Laboratory observations showed that the removal of one anemone from a crab induces a “splitting” behavior, whereby the crab tears the remaining anemone into two similar parts, resulting in a complete anemone in each claw after regeneration. Furthermore, when two crabs, one holding anemones and one lacking them, are confronted, the crabs fight, almost always leading to the “theft” of a complete anemone or anemone fragment by the crab without them. Following this, crabs “split” their lone anemone into two. Individuals of Alicia sp. removed from freshly collected L. leptochelis were used for DNA analysis. By employing AFLP (Fluorescence Amplified Fragments Length Polymorphism) it was shown that each pair of anemones from a given crab is genetically identical. Furthermore, there is genetic identity between most pairs of anemone held by different crabs, with the others showing slight genetic differences. This is a unique case in which one animal induces asexual reproduction of another, consequently also affecting its genetic diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yisrael Schnytzer
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yaniv Giman
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ilan Karplus
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Yair Achituv
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gorospe KD, Karl SA. Depth as an organizing force in Pocillopora damicornis: intra-reef genetic architecture. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122127. [PMID: 25806798 PMCID: PMC4373699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Relative to terrestrial plants, and despite similarities in life history characteristics, the potential for corals to exhibit intra-reef local adaptation in the form of genetic differentiation along an environmental gradient has received little attention. The potential for natural selection to act on such small scales is likely increased by the ability of coral larval dispersal and settlement to be influenced by environmental cues. Here, we combine genetic, spatial, and environmental data for a single patch reef in Kāne‘ohe Bay, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, USA in a landscape genetics framework to uncover environmental drivers of intra-reef genetic structuring. The genetic dataset consists of near-exhaustive sampling (n = 2352) of the coral, Pocillopora damicornis at our study site and six microsatellite genotypes. In addition, three environmental parameters – depth and two depth-independent temperature indices – were collected on a 4 m grid across 85 locations throughout the reef. We use ordinary kriging to spatially interpolate our environmental data and estimate the three environmental parameters for each colony. Partial Mantel tests indicate a significant correlation between genetic relatedness and depth while controlling for space. These results are also supported by multi-model inference. Furthermore, spatial Principle Component Analysis indicates a statistically significant genetic cline along a depth gradient. Binning the genetic dataset based on size-class revealed that the correlation between genetic relatedness and depth was significant for new recruits and increased for larger size classes, suggesting a possible role of larval habitat selection as well as selective mortality in structuring intra-reef genetic diversity. That both pre- and post-recruitment processes may be involved points to the adaptive role of larval habitat selection in increasing adult survival. The conservation importance of uncovering intra-reef patterns of genetic diversity is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin D. Gorospe
- Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, P.O. Box 1346, Kāne‘ohe, Hawai‘i, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Karl
- Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, P.O. Box 1346, Kāne‘ohe, Hawai‘i, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stevens SM, Emery NC. Dispersal limitation and population differentiation in performance beyond a northern range limit in an asexually reproducing fern. DIVERS DISTRIB 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sally M. Stevens
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology; 915 W State Street West Lafayette IN 47907-2054 USA
| | - Nancy C. Emery
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Botany and Plant Pathology; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907-2054 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kaliszewicz A, Panteleeva N, Olejniczak I, Boniecki P, Sawicki M. Internal brooding affects the spatial structure of intertidal sea anemones in the Arctic-boreal region. Polar Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-012-1232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
14
|
Hice LA, Duffy TA, Munch SB, Conover DO. Spatial scale and divergent patterns of variation in adapted traits in the ocean. Ecol Lett 2012; 15:568-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
15
|
Bongaerts P, Riginos C, Hay KB, van Oppen MJH, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Dove S. Adaptive divergence in a scleractinian coral: physiological adaptation of Seriatopora hystrix to shallow and deep reef habitats. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:303. [PMID: 22004364 PMCID: PMC3203877 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Divergent natural selection across environmental gradients has been acknowledged as a major driver of population and species divergence, however its role in the diversification of scleractinian corals remains poorly understood. Recently, it was demonstrated that the brooding coral Seriatopora hystrix and its algal endosymbionts (Symbiodinium) are genetically partitioned across reef environments (0-30 m) on the far northern Great Barrier Reef. Here, we explore the potential mechanisms underlying this differentiation and assess the stability of host-symbiont associations through a reciprocal transplantation experiment across habitats ('Back Reef', 'Upper Slope' and 'Deep Slope'), in combination with molecular (mtDNA and ITS2-DGGE) and photo-physiological analyses (respirometry and HPLC). RESULTS The highest survival rates were observed for native transplants (measured 14 months after transplantation), indicating differential selective pressures between habitats. Host-symbiont assemblages remained stable during the experimental duration, demonstrating that the ability to "shuffle" or "switch" symbionts is restricted in S. hystrix. Photo-physiological differences were observed between transplants originating from the shallow and deep habitats, with indirect evidence of an increased heterotrophic capacity in native deep-water transplants (from the 'Deep Slope' habitat). Similar photo-acclimatisation potential was observed between transplants originating from the two shallow habitats ('Back Reef' and 'Upper Slope'), highlighting that their genetic segregation over depth may be due to other, non-photo-physiological traits under selection. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that the observed habitat partitioning of S. hystrix (and associated Symbiodinium) is reflective of adaptive divergence along a depth gradient. Gene flow appears to be reduced due to divergent selection, highlighting the potential role of ecological mechanisms, in addition to physical dispersal barriers, in the diversification of scleractinian corals and their associated Symbiodinium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pim Bongaerts
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Cynthia Riginos
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kyra B Hay
- Heron Island Research Station, The University of Queensland, Heron Island, QLD 4680, Australia
| | | | - Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sophie Dove
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Local adaptation in the sea was regarded historically as a rare phenomenon that was limited to a handful of species with exceptionally low dispersal potential. However, a growing body of experimental studies indicates that adaptive differentiation occurs in numerous marine invertebrates in response to selection imposed by strong gradients (and more complex mosaics) of abiotic and biotic conditions. Moreover, a surprisingly high proportion of the marine invertebrates known or suspected of exhibiting local adaptation are species with planktonic dispersal. Adaptive divergence among populations can occur over a range of spatial scales, including those that are fine-grained (i.e., meters to kilometers), reflecting a balance between scales of gene flow and selection. Addressing the causes and consequences of adaptive genetic differentiation among invertebrate populations promises to advance community ecology, climate change research, and the effective management of marine ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Sanford
- Department of Evolution and Ecology and Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, California 94923, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sanford E, Worth DJ. Local adaptation along a continuous coastline: prey recruitment drives differentiation in a predatory snail. Ecology 2010; 91:891-901. [PMID: 20426346 DOI: 10.1890/09-0536.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent work demonstrates that nearshore oceanography can generate strong variation in the delivery of resources (nutrients and larvae) to benthic marine communities over spatial scales of tens to hundreds of kilometers. Moreover, variation in the strength of these bottom-up inputs is often spatially consistent, linked to regional centers of upwelling, coastal topography, and other stable features of the coastline. Whereas the ecological effects of these oceanographic links are increasingly clear, the possibility that these same bottom-up forces might impose spatially varying selection on consumers has not been addressed. Here, we test the hypothesis that a carnivorous snail (Nucella canaliculata) with direct development is locally adapted to persistent differences in prey recruitment within two adjacent oceanographic regions (northern California and Oregon, USA). Previous laboratory studies demonstrated that snails from Oregon rarely drilled the thick-shelled mussel Mytilus californianus, whereas snails from California readily drilled this prey. To test whether these differences reflect local adaptation, snails from two populations in each region were raised through two laboratory generations to minimize the potential influence of nongenetic effects. We then reciprocally outplanted these F2 generation snails to field enclosures at each of the four sites and monitored their growth for 11 months. Recruitment and availability of preferred prey (the acorn barnacle Balanus glandula and blue mussel Mytilus trossulus) at the experimental sites were 1-3 orders of magnitude lower in California than in Oregon. At the California sites, snails that originated from Oregon sources failed to drill larger M. californianus, encountered few alternative prey, and showed almost no growth. In contrast, snails from California drilled M. californianus and showed substantial growth. These results strongly suggest that the capacity of California snails to drill M. californianus allows these snails to succeed in an oceanographic region where the recruitment of alternative, preferred prey is low. More broadly, our results suggest that persistent spatial variation in recruitment and other oceanographically mediated processes may lead to adaptive differentiation among populations of consumers in adjacent coastal regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Sanford
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
LARMUSEAU MAARTENHD, VANCAMPENHOUT KIM, RAEYMAEKERS JOOSTAM, VAN HOUDT JEROENKJ, VOLCKAERT FILIPAM. Differential modes of selection on the rhodopsin gene in coastal Baltic and North Sea populations of the sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:2256-68. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
19
|
Marshall DJ, Monro K, Bode M, Keough MJ, Swearer S. Phenotype-environment mismatches reduce connectivity in the sea. Ecol Lett 2009; 13:128-40. [PMID: 19968695 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The connectivity of marine populations is often surprisingly lower than predicted by the dispersal capabilities of propagules alone. Estimates of connectivity, moreover, do not always scale with distance and are sometimes counterintuitive. Population connectivity requires more than just the simple exchange of settlers among populations: it also requires the successful establishment and reproduction of exogenous colonizers. Marine organisms often disperse over large spatial scales, encountering very different environments and suffering extremely high levels of post-colonization mortality. Given the growing evidence that such selection pressures often vary over spatial scales that are much smaller than those of dispersal, we argue that selection will bias survival against exogenous colonizers. We call this selection against exogenous colonizers a phenotype-environment mismatch and argue that phenotype-environment mismatches represent an important barrier to connectivity in the sea. Crucially, these mismatches may operate independently of distance and thereby have the potential to explain the counterintuitive patterns of connectivity often seen in marine environments. We discuss how such mismatches might alter our understanding and management of marine populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072 Qld, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
LARMUSEAU MAARTENHD, RAEYMAEKERS JOOSTAM, RUDDICK KEVING, VAN HOUDT JEROENKJ, VOLCKAERT FILIPAM. To see in different seas: spatial variation in the rhodopsin gene of the sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus). Mol Ecol 2009; 18:4227-39. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
21
|
Araki K, Shimatani K, Ohara M. Dynamics of distribution and performance of ramets constructing genets: a demographic-genetic study in a clonal plant, Convallaria keiskei. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2009; 104:71-9. [PMID: 19376781 PMCID: PMC2706722 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In clonal plants producing vegetative offspring, performance at the genet level as well as at the ramet level should be investigated in order to understand the entire picture of the population dynamics and the life history characteristics. In this study, demography, including reproduction and survival, the growth patterns and the spatial distributions of ramets within genets of the clonal herb Convallaria keiskei were explored. METHODS Vegetative growth, flowering and survival of shoots whose genets were identified using microsatellite markers were monitored in four study plots for 3 years (2003-2005). The size structures of ramets in genets and their temporal shifts were then analysed. Their spatial distributions were also examined. KEY RESULTS During the census, 274 and 149 ramets were mapped in two 1 x 2 m plots, and 83 and 94 ramets in two 2 x 2 m quadrats. Thirty-eight genotypes were identified from 580 samples. Each plot included 5-18 genets, and most ramets belonged to the predominant genet(s) in each plot. Shoots foliated yearly for several years, but flowering ramets did not have an inflorescence the next year. A considerable number of new clonal offspring persistently appeared, forming a bell-shaped curve of the size structure of ramets in each genet. Comparing the structures modelled by the normal distributions suggested variation among ramets belonging to a single genet and variation among genets. Furthermore, spatial analyses revealed clumped and distant distributions of ramet pairs in a genet, in which the distant patterns corresponded to the linearly elongating clonal growth pattern of this species. CONCLUSION Characteristics of ramet performances such as flowering and recruitment of clonal offspring, in addition to growth, played a large part in the regulation of genet dynamics and distribution, which were different among the studied genets. These might be characteristics particularly relevant to clonal life histories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiwako Araki
- Course in Ecological Genetics, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|