1
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Stein LR, Hoke K. Parental and individual experience with predation risk interact in shaping phenotypes in a sex-specific manner. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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2
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Sanmartín-Villar I, Yu X, Cordero-Rivera A. Direct and cross-generational effects of reproduction on fitness and behavioral variability in male-biased environments. Curr Zool 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Population structure determines individuals’ interactions and trade-offs with evolutionary consequences. Male-biased populations increase intrasexual competition and intersexual harassment, reducing female resource acquisition, and thus, resources availability for the following generation. We analyzed direct and cross-generational effects of male harassment in two generations of damselflies (Odonata). We exposed adult females to treatments with different sex-ratio and density (balanced and male-biased) to modify the male harassment level. We analyzed female fecundity, fertility, and number of faecal deposits as an indirect measure of resources acquisition. We studied female flight performance after repeated exposures to males. We analyzed survivorship, development, exploration, thigmotaxis, and feeding latency of larvae produced by the experimental females. In both generations, we analyzed four metrics of behavior: mean value, interindividual differences in plasticity, intra-individual unpredictability, and repeatability. Mating duration increased in male-biased treatment, whereas female resources acquisition and fertility decreased. Females that mated longer showed higher fecundity when they were exposed to balanced treatment, but not if they were exposed to male-biased treatment. Females from the male-biased treatment showed interindividual differences in plasticity and no repeatability in flight performance. Offspring showed balanced sex-ratio and similar survivorship, development, and feeding latency independently of the parental treatment; however, females exposed to male-biased treatment produced offspring with higher differences in exploration plasticity and daughters less explorative and with higher unpredictable thigmotaxis. We propose prolonged copulation as courtship at balanced sex-ratio but a cost to females under male-biased sex-ratio. Cross-generational effects in behavioral variability may be a mechanism to cope with predicted future environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iago Sanmartín-Villar
- Universidade de Vigo, ECOEVO Lab, Escola de Enxeñaría Forestal, Campus Universitario A Xunqueira , 36005 Pontevedra, Galiza , Spain
| | - Xin Yu
- Universidade de Vigo, ECOEVO Lab, Escola de Enxeñaría Forestal, Campus Universitario A Xunqueira , 36005 Pontevedra, Galiza , Spain
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University , Daxuecheng Middle Rd, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401333 , China
| | - Adolfo Cordero-Rivera
- Universidade de Vigo, ECOEVO Lab, Escola de Enxeñaría Forestal, Campus Universitario A Xunqueira , 36005 Pontevedra, Galiza , Spain
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3
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Swank A, Wang L, Ward J, Schoenfuss H. Multigenerational effects of a complex urban contaminant mixture on the behavior of larval and adult fish in multiple fitness contexts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148095. [PMID: 34139491 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural and urban storm water runoffs can introduce chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) into waterways. These chemicals can be continually released, persist, or even accumulate over time, with adverse effects on the physiology and behavior of aquatic species. Most studies aimed at evaluating the intergenerational effects of CECs have focused exclusively on single chemicals. By comparison, little is known about the effects of complex CEC mixtures on the behavior of organisms, or how these effects might manifest in subsequent generations. In this study, we exposed three generations of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to environmentally relevant concentrations of a complex CEC mixture representative of urban-impacted waterways and assessed the growth and behavior of larval and adult fish in life-stage-relevant fitness contexts (foraging, boldness, courtship). We found that (i) multigenerational exposure to a complex mixture of CECs altered the behavior of both larvae and adults in different fitness contexts; (ii) concentration-dependent patterns of behavioral impairment were consistent across fitness contexts and life stages; and (iii) the effects of exposure were magnified in the F1 and F2 generations. These results highlight the need for long-term, multigenerational assessments of CECs in affected waterways to robustly inform conservation practices aimed at managing aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ally Swank
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, United States of America
| | - Lina Wang
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, United States of America
| | - Jessica Ward
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, United States of America.
| | - Heiko Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, United States of America
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4
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Male Sexual Preference for Female Swimming Activity in the Guppy ( Poecilia reticulata). BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020147. [PMID: 33673367 PMCID: PMC7918064 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mate choice that is based on behavioural traits is a common feature in the animal kingdom. Using the Trinidadian guppy, a species with mutual mate choice, we investigated whether males use female swimming activity-a behavioural trait known to differ consistently among individuals in many species-as a trait relevant for their mate choice. In the first experiment, we assessed male and female activity in an open field test alone (two repeated measures) and afterwards in heterosexual pairs (two repeated measures). In these pairs, we simultaneously assessed males' mating efforts by counting the number of sexual behaviours (courtship displays and copulations). Male and female guppies showed consistent individual differences in their swimming activity when tested both alone and in a pair, and these differences were maintained across both test situations. When controlling for male swimming behaviour and both male and female body size, males performed more courtship displays towards females with higher swimming activity. In a second experiment, we tested for a directional male preference for swimming activity by presenting males video animations of low- and high-active females in a dichotomous choice test. In congruence with experiment 1, we found males to spend significantly more time in association with the high-active female stimulus. Both experiments thus point towards a directional male preference for higher activity levels in females. We discuss the adaptive significance of this preference as activity patterns might indicate individual female quality, health or reproductive state while, mechanistically, females that are more active might be more detectable to males as well.
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5
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Experimentally altered male mating behaviour affects offspring exploratory behaviour via nongenetic paternal effects. Behav Brain Res 2020; 401:113062. [PMID: 33316325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is emerging that fathers can have nongenetic effects on the phenotypes of their offspring. Most studies have focused on the role that nongenetic modifications to sperm can have on offspring phenotype; however, fathers can also have nongenetic effects on offspring through their interactions with females, called female-mediated paternal effects. These effects can occur in situations where male phenotype, e.g. behaviour or morphology, affects female stress and/or provisioning of offspring. These effects are potentially widespread, but few studies have explicitly investigated the role of female-mediated paternal effects on offspring phenotype. Here, we asked if male mating interactions can affect offspring via female mediated paternal effects in the Trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata. To do this, we manipulated mating behaviour by: (i) administering a drug known to affect the neurotransmitter dopamine, and (ii) varying the familiarity of potential mates, which affects attractiveness in this species. With these treatments, we successfully manipulated the mating behaviour of male guppies and female preference for those males. Further, we found significant effects of sire mating behaviour, sire drug treatment, and parental familiarity status on behavioural measures of offspring anxiety in response to a novel object. Because Control offspring of 'familiar' and 'unfamiliar' pairs differed in their behaviour, our results cannot be solely attributed to potential nongenetic modifications to sperm caused by the drug. These results emphasize the importance of female-mediated paternal effects, including those caused by altered male mating behaviour, in shaping offspring phenotype.
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6
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Lymbery RA, Berson JD, Evans JP. Indirect parental effects on offspring viability by egg-derived fluids in an external fertilizer. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20202538. [PMID: 33290674 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity for parents to influence offspring phenotypes via nongenetic inheritance is currently a major area of focus in evolutionary biology. Intriguing recent evidence suggests that sexual interactions among males and females, both before and during mating, are important mediators of such effects. Sexual interactions typically extend beyond gamete release, involving both sperm and eggs, and their associated fluids. However, the potential for gamete-level interactions to induce nongenetic parental effects remains under-investigated. Here, we test for such effects using an emerging model system for studying gamete interactions, the external fertilizer Mytilus galloprovincialis. We employed a split-ejaculate design to test whether exposing sperm to egg-derived chemicals (ECs) from a female would affect fertilization rate and offspring viability when those sperm were used to fertilize a different female's eggs. We found separate, significant effects of ECs from non-fertilizing females on both fertilization rate and offspring viability. The offspring viability effect indicates that EC-driven interactions can have nongenetic implications for offspring fitness independent of the genotypes inherited by those offspring. These findings provide a rare test of indirect parental effects driven exclusively by gamete-level interactions, and to our knowledge the first evidence that such effects occur via the gametic fluids of females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan A Lymbery
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jacob D Berson
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Evans
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
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7
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Jigisha, Iglesias-Carrasco M, Vincent A, Head ML. Disentangling the costs of mating and harassment across different environments. Anim Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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8
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Iglesias‐Carrasco M, Fox RJ, Vega‐Trejo R, Jennions MD, Head ML. An experimental test for body size‐dependent effects of male harassment and an elevated copulation rate on female lifetime fecundity and offspring performance. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:1262-1273. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maider Iglesias‐Carrasco
- Division of Ecology and Evolution Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Rebecca J. Fox
- Division of Ecology and Evolution Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Regina Vega‐Trejo
- Division of Ecology and Evolution Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
- Department of Zoology/Ethology Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Michael D. Jennions
- Division of Ecology and Evolution Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Megan L. Head
- Division of Ecology and Evolution Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
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9
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10
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Fox RJ, Head ML, Jennions MD. Disentangling the costs of male harassment and the benefits of polyandry for females. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Fox
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Megan L Head
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michael D Jennions
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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11
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Ebensperger LA, Correa LA, Ly Prieto Á, Pérez de Arce F, Abades S, Hayes LD. Multiple mating is linked to social setting and benefits the males in a communally rearing mammal. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Individuals in social species may mate with multiple opposite-sex individuals, including members of the same or different social groups. This variation may be linked to genetic benefits, where multiple mating decreases risk of inbreeding. Multiple mating may also be constrained by the sociospatial setting through its effect on availability of mates. Because multiple mating with individuals from same or different groups may determine sex-specific fitness effects, we also examined how multiple mating modulates social benefits of females and males. We used 7 years of data on demography, social organization, and genetics of a natural population of the group-living and colonial rodent, Octodon degus, to determine how kin and sex composition within social groups, and spatial relations between these groups (i.e., colonial habits) influence multiple mating and its fitness consequences. Males (81.3%) and females (64.9%) produced offspring with multiple opposite-sex individuals within groups and with individuals of neighboring groups. Thus, polygynandry was the dominant mating system in the degu population examined. Multiple mating in degus was high when compared with estimates reported in other social mammals. Variation in female and male multiple mating was better explained by social setting through its effect on availability of potential mates rather than by benefits derived from decreasing risk of inbreeding. Finally, our study revealed how multiple mating enhances male, but not female reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Ebensperger
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, CP, Chile
| | - Loreto A Correa
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, CP, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Álvaro Ly Prieto
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, CP, Chile
| | - Felipe Pérez de Arce
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, CP, Chile
| | - Sebastian Abades
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loren D Hayes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
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12
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Zajitschek SRK, Dowling DK, Head ML, Rodriguez-Exposito E, Garcia-Gonzalez F. Transgenerational effects of maternal sexual interactions in seed beetles. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 121:282-291. [PMID: 29802349 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mating often bears large costs to females, especially in species with high levels of sexual conflict over mating rates. Given the direct costs to females associated with multiple mating, which include reductions in lifespan and lifetime reproductive success, past research focused on identifying potential indirect benefits (through increases in offspring fitness) that females may accrue. Far less attention has, however, been devoted to understanding how costs of sexual interactions to females may extend across generations. Hence, little is known about the transgenerational implications of variation in mating rates, or the net consequences of maternal sexual activities across generations. Using the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus, a model system for the study of sexual conflict, we investigate the effects of mating with multiple males versus a single male, and tease apart effects due to sexual harassment and those due to mating per se, over three generations. A multigenerational analysis indicated that females that were exposed to ongoing sexual harassment and who also were permitted to mate with multiple males showed no difference in net fitness compared to females that mated just once without ongoing harassment. Intriguingly, however, females that were continually harassed, but permitted to mate just once, suffered a severe decline in net fitness compared to females that were singly (not harassed) or multiply mated (harassed, but potentially gaining benefits via mating with multiple males). Overall, the enhanced fitness in multiply mated compared to harassed females may indicate that multiple mating confers transgenerational benefits. These benefits may counteract, but do not exceed (i.e., we found no difference between singly and multiply mated females), the large transgenerational costs of harassment. Our study highlights the importance of examining transgenerational effects from an inclusive (looking at both indirect benefits but also costs) perspective, and the need to investigate transgenerational effects across several generations if we are to fully understand the consequences of sexual interactions, sexual conflict evolution, and the interplay of sexual conflict and multi-generational costs and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne R K Zajitschek
- Estación Biológica de Doñana - CSIC, Seville, 41092, Spain. .,School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia.
| | - Damian K Dowling
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Megan L Head
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Francisco Garcia-Gonzalez
- Estación Biológica de Doñana - CSIC, Seville, 41092, Spain.,Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Jerry
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Culum Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
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14
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Ebensperger LA, Correa LA, León C, Ramírez‐Estrada J, Abades S, Villegas Á, Hayes LD. The modulating role of group stability on fitness effects of group size is different in females and males of a communally rearing rodent. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:1502-1515. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Ebensperger
- Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Loreto A. Correa
- Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Cecilia León
- Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Juan Ramírez‐Estrada
- Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Sebastian Abades
- Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB) Las Palmeras 3425 Santiago Chile
| | - Álvaro Villegas
- Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Loren D. Hayes
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Chattanooga TN 37403 USA
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15
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Dadda M. Female social response to male sexual harassment in poeciliid fish: a comparison of six species. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1453. [PMID: 26483719 PMCID: PMC4586586 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual harassment is common among poeciliid fish. In some fishes, males show a high frequency of sneak copulation; such sexual activity is costly to the females in terms of foraging efficiency. In mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), when males are present, the distance between females tends to decrease, and this behavior has been interpreted as an adaptive strategy to dilute the costs of male sexual activity. In this study, the tendency to reduce distance in the presence of a male has been investigated in females of six poeciliid species (Girardinus metallicus, Girardinus falcatus, G. holbrooki, Poecilia reticulata, Xiphophorus hellerii, and Xiphophorus mayae) that exhibit different male mating strategies and different levels of sexual activity. Results revealed large interspecific differences in the pattern of female aggregation. Females of species with a high frequency of sneak copulations tended to reduce their social distance in the presence of a male. By contrast, species that rely mainly on courtship showed little or no variation in social distance. The proportion of sneak copulations predicts the degree of variation in female social response, but the amount of total sexual activity does not, suggesting that the change in females' social distance when a male is present may indeed serve to reduce the costs of male sexual harassment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dadda
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova Padova, Italy ; Centro di Neuroscienze Cognitive, Università di Padova Padova, Italy
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16
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Devigili A, Doldán-Martelli V, Pilastro A. Exploring simultaneous allocation to mating effort, sperm production, and body growth in male guppies. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Abstract
Sexual conflict occurs whenever there is sexually antagonistic selection on shared traits. When shared traits result from interactions (e.g., mating rate) and have a different genetic basis in each sex (i.e., interlocus conflict), then sex-specific traits that shift the value of these interaction traits toward the sex-specific optimum will be favored. Male traits can be favored that increase the fitness of their male bearers, but decrease the fitness of interacting females. Likewise, female traits that reduce the costs of interacting with harmful males may simultaneously impose costs on males. If the evolution of these antagonistic traits changes the nature of selection acting on the opposite sex, interesting coevolutionary dynamics will result. Here we examine three current issues in the study of sexually antagonistic interactions: the female side of sexual conflict, the ecological context of sexual conflict, and the strength of evidence for sexually antagonistic coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Perry
- Jesus College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3DW, United Kingdom Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
| | - Locke Rowe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
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18
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Harano T. Receptive females mitigate costs of sexual conflict. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:320-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Harano
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems; School of Advanced Sciences; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies; Hayama Japan
- Laboratory of Ecological Science; Department of Biology; Faculty of Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
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19
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Archer CR, Duffy E, Hosken DJ, Mokkonen M, Okada K, Oku K, Sharma MD, Hunt J. Sex‐specific effects of natural and sexual selection on the evolution of life span and ageing in
Drosophila simulans. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Ruth Archer
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn CampusTR10 9EZ UK
- Max Planck Research Group Modelling the Evolution of Ageing Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Konrad‐Zuse‐Str. 1 18057 Rostock Germany
| | - Eoin Duffy
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn CampusTR10 9EZ UK
- Institute of Environmental Science Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 730‐387 Krakow Poland
| | - David J. Hosken
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn CampusTR10 9EZ UK
| | - Mikael Mokkonen
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn CampusTR10 9EZ UK
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 (YA)FI‐40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Kensuke Okada
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn CampusTR10 9EZ UK
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology Graduate School of Environmental Sciences Okayama University Tsushima‐naka 1‐1‐1Okayama Japan
| | - Keiko Oku
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn CampusTR10 9EZ UK
- Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University P.O. Box 80316700 EH Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Manmohan D. Sharma
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn CampusTR10 9EZ UK
| | - John Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn CampusTR10 9EZ UK
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20
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Saaristo M, Myers J, Jacques-Hamilton R, Allinson M, Yamamoto A, Allinson G, Pettigrove V, Wong BBM. Altered reproductive behaviours in male mosquitofish living downstream from a sewage treatment plant. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 149:58-64. [PMID: 24569133 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater environments are common repositories for the discharge of large volumes of domestic and industrial waste, particularly through wastewater effluent. One common group of chemical pollutants present in wastewater are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which can induce morphological and behavioural changes in aquatic organisms. The aim of this study was to compare the reproductive behaviour and morphology of a freshwater fish, the mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), collected from two sites (wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and a putative pristine site). The mosquitofish is a sexually dimorphic livebearer with a coercive mating system. Males inseminate females using their modified anal fin as an intromittent organ. Despite this, females are able to exert some control over the success of male mating attempts by selectively associating with, or avoiding, certain males over others. Using standard laboratory assays of reproductive behaviour, we found that mosquitofish males living in close proximity to WWTP showed increased mating activity compared to those inhabiting a pristine site. More specifically, during behavioural trials in which males were allowed to interact with females separated by a transparent divider, we found that WWTP-males spent more time associating with females. Concordant with this, when males and females were subsequently allowed to interact freely, WWTP-males also spent more time chasing and orienting towards the females. As a result, females from both sites showed more interest towards the WWTP-site males. Male anal fin morphology, however, did not differ between sites. Our study illustrates that lifetime exposure to WWTP-effluents can greatly affect male behaviour. The results underscore the importance of behaviour as a potential tool for investigating unknown contaminants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Saaristo
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Åbo Akademi University, Department of Biosciences, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jackie Myers
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), Department of Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | - Mayumi Allinson
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Urban Environment Group, Osaka City Institute for Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Graeme Allinson
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Vincent Pettigrove
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), Department of Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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21
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Pélabon C, Larsen LK, Bolstad GH, Viken Å, Fleming IA, Rosenqvist G. The effects of sexual selection on life-history traits: an experimental study on guppies. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:404-16. [PMID: 24417444 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection is often prevented during captive breeding in order to maximize effective population size and retain genetic diversity. However, enforcing monogamy and thereby preventing sexual selection may affect population fitness either negatively by preventing the purging of deleterious mutations or positively by reducing sexual conflicts. To better understand the effect of sexual selection on the fitness of small populations, we compared components of female fitness and the expression of male secondary sexual characters in 19 experimental populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) maintained under polygamous or monogamous mating regimes over nine generations. In order to generate treatments that solely differed by their level of sexual selection, the middle-class neighbourhood breeding design was enforced in the monogamous populations, while in the polygamous populations, all females contributed similarly to the next generation with one male and one female offspring. This experimental design allowed potential sexual conflicts to increase in the polygamous populations because selection could not operate on adult-female traits. Clutch size and offspring survival showed a weak decline from generation to generation but did not differ among treatments. Offspring size, however, declined across generations, but more in monogamous than polygamous populations. By generation eight, orange- and black-spot areas were larger in males from the polygamous treatment, but these differences were not statistically significant. Overall, these results suggest that neither sexual conflict nor the purging of deleterious mutation had important effects on the fitness of our experimental populations. However, only few generations of enforced monogamy in a benign environment were sufficient to negatively affect offspring size, a trait potentially crucial for survival in the wild. Sexual selection may therefore, under certain circumstances, be beneficial over enforced monogamy during captive breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pélabon
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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22
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Dowling DK, Williams BR, Garcia-Gonzalez F. Maternal sexual interactions affect offspring survival and ageing. J Evol Biol 2013; 27:88-97. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. K. Dowling
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - B. R. Williams
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - F. Garcia-Gonzalez
- Doñana Biological Station; Spanish Research Council CSIC; Isla de la Cartuja Seville Spain
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology; School of Animal Biology; The University of Western Australia; Nedlands WA Australia
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23
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Edwards TM, Miller HD, Toft G, Guillette LJ. Seasonal reproduction of male Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish) from two Florida lakes. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:1165-1180. [PMID: 23404634 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen monthly collections of adult male Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish) were obtained from two lakes in central Florida, USA. Lake Woodruff and Lake Apopka are 36 miles apart, but differ in several environmental parameters. Compared with Lake Woodruff, Lake Apopka is warmer, more shallow in sampling areas (particularly during drought conditions; approximately 15-90 cm in Lake Apopka versus 60-120 cm in Lake Woodruff), more turbid, and more heavily contaminated with nutrients and industrial and agricultural chemicals. Here, we present detailed information on seasonal reproduction patterns in mosquitofish in their native range and compare patterns between fish from the two lakes. Male mosquitofish were reproductively active from spring through fall. Spermatogenesis, which is regulated in part by 11-ketotestosterone, ceased in October, and fish stored spermatozoa through the winter for immediate fertilization of offspring in the spring. Compared with Lake Woodruff, fish from Lake Apopka tended to be larger and have longer gonopodia and greater gonado- and hepato-somatic indices (GSI and HSI). High GSI in Apopka fish correlated with greater spermatid production, but fewer mature spermatozoa and either the same or lower sperm counts and sperm viability. Taken together, these observations suggest that differentiation of spermatids to spermatozoa is disrupted in Apopka fish, leading to reductions in fertility in some months. Delivery of sperm to females could also be affected in Apopka fish, which exhibit lower prevalence of efferent duct tissue in the testes during the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea M Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, 141 Carson Taylor Hall, PO Box 3179, Ruston, LA, 71272, USA,
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24
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Burns MM, Hedin M, Shultz JW. Comparative analyses of reproductive structures in harvestmen (opiliones) reveal multiple transitions from courtship to precopulatory antagonism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66767. [PMID: 23762497 PMCID: PMC3677920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Explaining the rapid, species-specific diversification of reproductive structures and behaviors is a long-standing goal of evolutionary biology, with recent research tending to attribute reproductive phenotypes to the evolutionary mechanisms of female mate choice or intersexual conflict. Progress in understanding these and other possible mechanisms depends, in part, on reconstructing the direction, frequency and relative timing of phenotypic evolution of male and female structures in species-rich clades. Here we examine evolution of reproductive structures in the leiobunine harvestmen or “daddy long-legs” of eastern North America, a monophyletic group that includes species in which males court females using nuptial gifts and other species that are equipped for apparent precopulatory antagonism (i.e., males with long, hardened penes and females with sclerotized pregenital barriers). We used parsimony- and Bayesian likelihood-based analyses to reconstruct character evolution in categorical reproductive traits and found that losses of ancestral gift-bearing penile sacs are strongly associated with gains of female pregenital barriers. In most cases, both events occur on the same internal branch of the phylogeny. These coevolutionary changes occurred at least four times, resulting in clade-specific designs in the penis and pregenital barrier. The discovery of convergent origins and/or enhancements of apparent precopulatory antagonism among closely related species offers an unusual opportunity to investigate how major changes in reproductive morphology have occurred. We propose new hypotheses that attribute these enhancements to changes in ecology or life history that reduce the duration of breeding seasons, an association that is consistent with female choice, sexual conflict, and/or an alternative evolutionary mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes M Burns
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
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25
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Reproductive interference via interspecific pairing in an amphipod species complex. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-013-1564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Evans JP, van Lieshout E, Gasparini C. Quantitative genetic insights into the coevolutionary dynamics of male and female genitalia. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20130749. [PMID: 23720546 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectacular variability that typically characterizes male genital traits has largely been attributed to the role of sexual selection. Among the evolutionary mechanisms proposed to account for this diversity, two processes in particular have generated considerable interest. On the one hand, females may exploit postcopulatory mechanisms of selection to favour males with preferred genital traits (cryptic female choice; CFC), while on the other hand females may evolve structures or behaviours that mitigate the direct costs imposed by male genitalia (sexual conflict; SC). A critical but rarely explored assumption underlying both processes is that male and female reproductive traits coevolve, either via the classic Fisherian model of preference-trait coevolution (CFC) or through sexually antagonistic selection (SC). Here, we provide evidence for this prediction in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), a polyandrous livebearing fish in which males transfer sperm internally to females via consensual and forced matings. Our results from a paternal half-sibling breeding design reveal substantial levels of additive genetic variation underlying male genital size and morphology-two traits known to predict mating success during non-consensual matings. Our subsequent finding that physically interacting female genital traits exhibit corresponding levels of genetic (co)variation reveals the potential intersexual coevolutionary dynamics of male and female genitalia, thereby fulfilling a fundamental assumption underlying CFC and SC theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Evans
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia.
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27
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28
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Females prefer males with superior fighting abilities but avoid sexually harassing winners when eavesdropping on male fights. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-013-1487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Evans JP. Lifetime number of mates interacts with female age to determine reproductive success in female guppies. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47507. [PMID: 23071816 PMCID: PMC3470546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In many species, mating with multiple males confers benefits to females, but these benefits may be offset by the direct and indirect costs associated with elevated mating frequency. Although mating frequency (number of mating events) is often positively associated with the degree of multiple mating (actual number of males mated), most studies have experimentally separated these effects when exploring their implications for female fitness. In this paper I describe an alternative approach using the guppy Poecilia reticulata, a livebearing freshwater fish in which females benefit directly and indirectly from mating with multiple males via consensual matings but incur direct and indirect costs of mating as a consequence of male sexual harassment. In the present study, females were experimentally assigned different numbers of mates throughout their lives in order to explore how elevated mating frequency and multiple mating combine to influence lifetime reproductive success (LRS) and survival (i.e. direct components of female fitness). Under this mating design, survival and LRS were not significantly affected by mating treatment, but there was a significant interaction between brood size and reproductive cycle (a correlate of female age) because females assigned to the high mating treatment produced significantly fewer offspring later in life compared to their low-mating counterparts. This negative effect of mating treatment later in life may be important in these relatively long-lived fishes, and this effect may be further exacerbated by the known cross-generational fitness costs of sexual harassment in guppies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Evans
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
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30
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Barbosa M, Connolly SR, Hisano M, Dornelas M, Magurran AE. Fitness consequences of female multiple mating: a direct test of indirect benefits. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:185. [PMID: 22978442 PMCID: PMC3499236 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The observation that females mate multiply when males provide nothing but sperm - which sexual selection theory suggests is unlikely to be limiting - continues to puzzle evolutionary biologists. Here we test the hypothesis that multiple mating is prevalent under such circumstances because it enhances female fitness. We do this by allowing female Trinidadian guppies to mate with either a single male or with multiple males, and then tracking the consequences of these matings across two generations. Results Overall, multiply mated females produced 67% more F2 grand-offspring than singly mated females. These offspring, however, did not grow or mature faster, nor were they larger at birth, than F2 grand-offspring of singly mated females. Our results, however, show that multiple mating yields benefits to females in the form of an increase in the production of F1. The higher fecundity among multiply mated mothers was driven by greater production of sons but not daughters. However, contrary to expectation, individually, the offspring of multiply mated females do not grow at different rates than offspring of singly mated females, nor do any indirect fitness benefits or costs accrue to second-generation offspring. Conclusions The study provides strong evidence that multiple mating is advantageous to females, even when males contribute only sperm. This benefit is achieved through an increase in fecundity in the first generation, rather than through other fitness correlates such as size at birth, growth rate, time to sexual maturation and survival. Considered alongside previous work that female guppies can choose to mate with multiple partners, our results provide compelling evidence that direct fitness benefits underpin these mating decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Barbosa
- CESAM, Department of Biology, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal.
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31
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Sex-specific plasticity in brain morphology depends on social environment of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-012-1403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Brennan PLR, Prum RO. The limits of sexual conflict in the narrow sense: new insights from waterfowl biology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 367:2324-38. [PMID: 22777020 PMCID: PMC3391425 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual conflict occurs when the evolutionary interests of the sexes differ and it broadly applies to decisions over mating, fertilization and parental investment. Recently, a narrower view of sexual conflict has emerged in which direct selection on females to avoid male-imposed costs during mating is considered the distinguishing feature of conflict, while indirect selection is considered negligible. In this view, intersexual selection via sensory bias is seen as the most relevant mechanism by which male traits that harm females evolve, with antagonistic coevolution between female preferences and male manipulation following. Under this narrower framework, female preference and resistance have been synonymized because both result in a mating bias, and similarly male display and coercion are not distinguished. Our recent work on genital evolution in waterfowl has highlighted problems with this approach. In waterfowl, preference and resistance are distinct components of female phenotype, and display and coercion are independent male strategies. Female preference for male displays result in mate choice, while forced copulations by unpreferred males result in resistance to prevent these males from achieving matings and fertilizations. Genital elaborations in female waterfowl appear to function in reinforcing female preference to maintain the indirect benefits of choice rather than to reduce the direct costs of coercive mating. We propose a return to a broader view of conflict where indirect selection and intrasexual selection are considered important in the evolution of conflict.
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