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Shoji K, Benight CC, Afifi T, Felix ED. Coping self-efficacy mediates effects of posttraumatic distress on communal coping in parent-adolescence dyads after floods. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38487895 PMCID: PMC11401968 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
Social cognitive theory provides a framework of human agency during environmental challenges, with coping self-efficacy (CSE) as an important construct underlying adaptation. We examined two alternative models involving CSE as a mediator of the association between posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and communal coping among parent-youth dyads after severe floods using Bayesian dyadic multilevel modeling. The first model included PTSS as the independent variable and communal coping as the dependent variable (disaster distress model). The independent and dependent variables were replaced for each other in the second model (communal coping model). We used data from 485 parent-youth dyads who experienced floods between 2015 and 2016 in Texas, USA. Parents of children (69% women) aged 10-19 years old, and their oldest child (53% male; Mean age = 13.75) in that age range were recruited. We assessed PTSS, CSE, and communal coping for parents and youths. Results favored the disaster distress model over the communal coping model. In the disaster distress model, results demonstrated that CSE declines as PTSS increases, predicting decreased communal coping. This mediation effect of CSE is stronger for youths compared to parents, indicating that children's CSE is affected more by PTSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Shoji
- College of Nursing, University of Human Environments, Obu, Japan
| | - Charles C Benight
- Department of Psychology, Lyda Hill Institute for Human Resilience, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Tamara Afifi
- Department of Communication, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Erika D Felix
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Crane MF, Hoare S, Kangas M, Gucciardi DF, Karin E. A coping self-insight scale for adults: development and preliminary psychometric properties. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024; 37:157-179. [PMID: 38053399 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2290099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-insights focused on the coping process are implicated in the refinement of capacities for resilience. To advance this research, we must identify key coping self-insights and develop a concise measurement tool. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to develop evidence for the construct dimensionality and validity of a measure of coping self-insight. METHODS Items measuring 13 coping self-insight dimensions were generated via consultation with theoretical work, subject matter experts, and pre-testing items for clarity. Thereafter, the dimensionality of items was assessed with undergraduate students (N = 232) and an online sample (N = 800) via exploratory and confirmatory analyses. Finally, a multi-trait, multi-method approach was used to test discriminant validity in a further sample of students (N = 228). RESULTS The initial item list was reduced to five key dimensions that balanced data-driven and conceptual considerations. Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed moderate-to-strong correlations (r = .47-.80) among dimensions. We also demonstrated evidence of internal reliability, convergent, criterion, and discriminant validity. Invariance tests for sub-groups of interest (e.g., sex, sample type) frequently demonstrated metric or scalar invariance, except for age sub-groups. CONCLUSIONS Findings offer a starting point regarding the types of coping self-insights important for the emergence of resilience and a validated tool for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Crane
- School of Psychological Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - S Hoare
- School of Psychological Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - M Kangas
- School of Psychological Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - D F Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - E Karin
- School of Psychological Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
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Littleton H, Dolezal ML, Allen AB, Benight CC. Random intercept cross-lagged relations among trauma coping self-Efficacy, trauma coping, and PTSD symptoms among rural hurricane survivors. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024; 37:45-59. [PMID: 37167294 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2208524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The trajectories of recovery and non-recovery following a disaster are well-documented, but the mechanisms of post-disaster adaptation remain poorly understood. Rooted in social cognitive theory and the transactional model of stress and coping, this study longitudinally investigated the reciprocal relations among coping self-efficacy (CSE), coping behaviors (approach and avoidant), and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among highly exposed hurricane survivors. DESIGN 261 Hurricane Florence survivors completed measures of hurricane-related CSE, coping behaviors, and hurricane-related PTSS across three timepoints, beginning 5-8.5 months after Hurricane Florence. METHOD Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models investigated the relations among study variables. RESULTS Reciprocal, cross-lagged relations were identified between higher CSE and approach coping from T2 to T3. The lagged relations between approach coping at T1 and T2 were significant, as well as between avoidant coping at T2 and T3. Significant cross-sectional relations were also present for CSE, coping behaviors, and PTSS at T3. CONCLUSIONS Results provide partial support for the positive feedback loop involving CSE and approach coping, but not for the negative feedback loop involving avoidant coping. CSE may be an important mechanism in longer-term disaster recovery, in part by increasing use of approach coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Littleton
- Lyda Hill Institute for Human Resilience, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Michael L Dolezal
- Lyda Hill Institute for Human Resilience, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | | | - Charles C Benight
- Lyda Hill Institute for Human Resilience, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
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Sheehy KA, Hruska B, Waldrep EE, Pacella-LaBarbara ML, George RL, Benight CC, Delahanty DL. The mediating role of coping self-efficacy on social support and PTSD symptom severity among injury survivors. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2023; 36:770-780. [PMID: 37128653 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2199208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support confers a protective effect against elevated PTSD symptomatology following injury. However, little is known about the mechanisms through which social support conveys this protective mental health effect in injury survivors. Coping self-efficacy is linked to both social support and PTSD symptomatology but has not been examined. OBJECTIVE To test coping self-efficacy as a mechanism for the relationship between social support and PTSD symptom severity among injury survivors. METHOD AND DESIGN Participants consisted of 61 injury survivors (62.3% male, 72.1% White) admitted to a Level-1 Trauma Center. Social support was assessed at 2-weeks post-injury; coping self-efficacy at 6-weeks post-injury; and PTSD symptom severity at 3-months post-injury. RESULTS A statistically significant indirect effect was found for the social support - coping self-efficacy - PTSD symptomatology pathway, providing evidence of mediation even after controlling for age, sex, race, and education (B = -0.51, SE = 0.18, CI = -0.92, -0.20). CONCLUSIONS Social support may exert an effect on PTSD symptom severity post-injury through its connection with coping self-efficacy. Coping self-efficacy represents an important intervention target following injury for those survivors with lower social support who are at risk for elevated PTSD symptom severity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriszha A Sheehy
- Department of Psychology, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, USA
| | - Bryce Hruska
- Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA
| | | | | | | | - Charles C Benight
- Trauma, Health, and Hazards Center and Psychology Department, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, USA
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Jabbari J, Bessaha M, Malik S, Ferris D, Brickman S, Schiff M, Pat-Horenczyk R, Grinstein-Weiss M, Frank T. How does social support relate to emotional availability for learning during COVID-19? A multi-group structural equation model of university students from the U.S. and Israel. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2023; 26:1-25. [PMID: 37362045 PMCID: PMC10074354 DOI: 10.1007/s11218-023-09783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Given the social and emotional tolls of the COVID-19 pandemic on college and university students, many students have become academically disengaged during the pandemic. Although some colleges and universities have the capacity to promote social support for their students, research has yet to comprehensively demonstrate the relationship between social support and academic engagement. To fill this gap, we leverage survey results from four universities across the United States and Israel. Through multi-group structural equation modelling, we explore (a) how perceived social support relates to being emotionally unavailable for learning, (b) how this relationship is partially explained through coping and COVID-19 concerns, and (c) how these relationships can differ across countries. We find that students who perceived higher levels of social support had lower rates of being emotionally unavailable for learning. Part of this relationship occurred through greater rates of coping and, subsequently, fewer concerns about the pandemic. We also noticed significant differences in these relationships between countries. We conclude with a discussion of study implications for higher education policies and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Jabbari
- Social Policy Institute, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Melissa Bessaha
- School of Social Welfare, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Sana Malik
- School of Social Welfare, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Dan Ferris
- Social Policy Institute, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Sophie Brickman
- Psychology Department, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, USA
| | - Miriam Schiff
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth Pat-Horenczyk
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Grinstein-Weiss
- Social Policy Institute, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Tyler Frank
- Public Health Sciences, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
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Sultana T, Dhillon G, Oliveira T. The effect of fear and situational motivation on online information avoidance: The case of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 2023; 69:102596. [PMID: 36415624 PMCID: PMC9671792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, a plethora of online sources for information and news dissemination have emerged. Extant research suggests that very quickly, individuals become disinterested and begin avoiding the information. In this study, we investigate how an individual's fear and situational motivation impact Online Information Avoidance. Using the self-determination theory and information avoidance theories, we argue that fear and external regulation are associated with increased Online Information Avoidance. We also argue that intrinsic motivation and identified regulation are associated with a decrease in Online Information Avoidance. Our findings suggest that fear, intrinsic motivation, and external regulation drive Online Information Avoidance, where intrinsic motivation is the most significant driver. We also found that identified regulation is a crucial inhibitor of Online Information Avoidance. While focusing on COVID-19, our study contributes to the broader information systems research literature and specifically to the information avoidance literature during a pandemic or a prolonged crisis. Our study's findings will be useful for governments, health organizations, and communities that utilize online platforms, forums, and related outlets to reach larger audiences for disseminating pertinent information and recommendations during a crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina Sultana
- Information Systems and Supply Chain Management, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, United States
- Information Technology and Decision Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, United States
| | - Gurpreet Dhillon
- Information Technology and Decision Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, United States
| | - Tiago Oliveira
- NOVA Information Management School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Lu J, Yu Y, Wang B, Zhang Y, Ji H, Chen X, Sun M, Daun Y, Pan Y, Chen Y, Yi Y, Dou X, Zhou L. The mediating role of self-efficacy between workplace violence and PTSD among nurses in Liaoning Province, China: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1090451. [PMID: 36910753 PMCID: PMC9995771 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1090451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nurses are at high risk for workplace violence, which can lead to psychological problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between workplace violence, self-efficacy, and PTSD, and to further explore whether self-efficacy mediates the relationship between workplace violence and PTSD among Chinese nurses. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Liaoning Province, China in 2020. A total of 1,017 valid questionnaires were returned. Each questionnaire included the Workplace Violence Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Scale (PTSS-10), and demographics information. A hierarchical multiple regression approach was used to explore the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between workplace violence and PTSD. The mediation model was then tested by the PROCESS macro in SPSS. Results A total of 1,017 nurses were included in this study, and the average score of PTSD among Chinese nurses was 26.85 ± 13.13 (mean ± SD). After further adjustment for control variables, workplace violence was positively associated with PTSD, explaining 13% of the variance. High self-efficacy was associated with low PTSD, explaining 18% of the variance. Self-efficacy partially mediated the role of workplace violence and PTSD. Conclusion The high scores of PTSD among Chinese nurses demand widespread attention. Workplace violence is an important predictor of PTSD in nurses. Self-efficacy is a significant factor in improving PTSD in nurses and mediates the relationship between workplace violence and PTSD. Measures and strategies to improve self-efficacy may mitigate the effects of workplace violence on PTSD in nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Lu
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yingying Yu
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Haoqiang Ji
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meng Sun
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuxin Daun
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuanping Pan
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunting Chen
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaohui Yi
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaofeng Dou
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Crane K, Li L, Subramanian P, Rovit E, Liu J. Climate Change and Mental Health: A Review of Empirical Evidence, Mechanisms and Implications. ATMOSPHERE 2022; 13:2096. [PMID: 37727770 PMCID: PMC10508914 DOI: 10.3390/atmos13122096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change is an existential threat whose influences continue to increase in severity. It is pivotal to understand the implications of climate change and their effects on mental health. This integrative review aims to summarize the relevant evidence examining the harm climate change may have on mental health, suggest potential mechanisms and discuss implications. Empirical evidence has begun to indicate that negative mental health outcomes are a relevant and notable consequence of climate change. Specifically, these negative outcomes range from increased rates of psychiatric diagnoses such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder to higher measures of suicide, aggression and crime. Potential mechanisms are thought to include neuroinflammatory responses to stress, maladaptive serotonergic receptors and detrimental effects on one's own physical health, as well as the community wellbeing. While climate change and mental health are salient areas of research, the evidence examining an association is limited. Therefore, further work should be conducted to delineate exact pathways of action to explain the mediators and mechanisms of the interaction between climate change and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelin Crane
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Linda Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pearl Subramanian
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rovit
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Shudo Y, Yamaura K, Yasuda J, Sato A, Ebi K. Dietary self-efficacy and social support interactions in junior athletes' acquisition of life skills. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:673633. [PMID: 36249319 PMCID: PMC9554231 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.673633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveAccording to the stages of change, this study identified the association between dietary control self-efficacy and social support for healthy diets as factors influencing life skills acquisition in dietary habits among adolescents in Japan.Research designThis cross-sectional study was conducted between April and May 2018 among eight high school baseball teams in Japan.MethodParticipants included 180 Japanese high school baseball players. Survey items evaluated life skills (dependent variables), self-efficacy's influence on dietary control, social support (explanatory variables), and stages of change. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to reveal the associations.ResultsIn the pre-action stage, although there was no significant association between the interaction of self-efficacy and social support on total life skills (β = 0.11, p = 0.158), a significant association was observed in the action/maintenance stage (β = 0.32, p < 0.05). The interaction between self-efficacy and social support showed a significant association with goal setting in the pre-action stage (β = 0.19, p < 0.05) and with communicating in the action/maintenance stage (β = 0.34, p < 0.05).ConclusionThe acquisition of life skills amidst dietary situations can be facilitated by providing social support that considers self-efficacy in relation to dietary control, according to the stages of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Shudo
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuho Yamaura
- College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Jun Yasuda
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Sato
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ebi
- College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kumiko Ebi
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Stress in emergency telephone number operators during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of self-efficacy and Big Five personality traits. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2022. [DOI: 10.5114/hpr/115820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEmergency telephone number operators experience many challenges in their work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their personality traits and self-efficacy may act as important factors in their level of perceived stress. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between Big Five personality traits, self-efficacy and perceived stress among emergency tele-phone number operators during the COVID-19 pandemic.Participants and procedureOne hundred emergency telephone number operators participated in the study. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) and Generalized Self Efficacy Scale (GSES) were used.ResultsEmergency telephone number operators experienced a moderate level of perceived stress. The level of perceived stress was associated with all Big Five personality traits and self-efficacy. Stepwise regression showed that self-efficacy and emotional stability were significant predictors of perceived stress in a tested sample of emergency telephone number operators. Self-efficacy acted as a mediator between the 4 Big Five personality traits (except extraversion) and perceived stress.ConclusionsSelf-efficacy can be a very important resource during the struggle of emergency telephone number operators with the suc-cessive waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Operators with a high level of this resource can more effectively cope with the changes and perceive stress as lower. Individuals’ personality traits may affect the level of self-efficacy that determines how stress is perceived. It is important to strengthen the self-efficacy of those involved in the fight against the COVID-19 pan-demic.
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Straus E, Uhlig L, Kühnel J, Korunka C. Remote workers’ well-being, perceived productivity, and engagement: which resources should HRM improve during COVID-19? A longitudinal diary study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2022.2075235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Straus
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lars Uhlig
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Kühnel
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Castellini G, Tarchi L, Cassioli E, Rossi E, Sanfilippo G, Innocenti M, Gironi V, Scami I, Ricca V. Attachment Style and Childhood Traumatic Experiences Moderate the Impact of Initial and Prolonged COVID-19 Pandemic: Mental Health Longitudinal Trajectories in a Sample of Italian Women. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-20. [PMID: 35316933 PMCID: PMC8929455 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health has not been clarified yet, with multiple studies warranting a special focus on women and young adults. A sample of 101 Italian women recruited from the general population was evaluated a few weeks before the onset of the pandemic and during the first and the second wave of the pandemic. Depression values at the Brief Symptom Inventory showed an initial increase followed by a stabilization on higher values in respect to the baseline, whereas Phobic Anxiety was stably worsened. Participants with insecure attachment styles and childhood trauma showed higher levels of distress at all timepoints. In many psychopathological domains, moderation analysis showed an unfavorable trend over time for younger participants. The present study seems to confirm a high burden on mental health for women during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting young age, insecure attachment style, and childhood trauma as negative prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Castellini
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Padiglione 8b, Cliniche Chirurgiche Primo Piano, AOU Careggi, Viale della Maternità, 50134 Firenze, FI Italy
| | - Livio Tarchi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cassioli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rossi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Sanfilippo
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Innocenti
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Veronica Gironi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Scami
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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O'Dwyer E, Beascoechea-Seguí N, Souza LGS. The amplifying effect of perceived group politicization: Effects of group perceptions and identification on anxiety and coping self-efficacy among members of UK COVID-19 mutual aid groups. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 32:423-437. [PMID: 34898965 PMCID: PMC8653376 DOI: 10.1002/casp.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutual aid groups developed and mobilized in communities across the UK and globally at the outset of the pandemic in order to support vulnerable community members with practical assistance and emotional support, with some understanding their work in political terms. This study adopted a “social cure” lens to investigate the effects of group identification and group perceptions on anxiety and coping self‐efficacy among members of UK Covid‐19 mutual aid groups. Survey data were collected from self‐identified members of these groups (N = 844) during the initial period of “lockdown” restrictions in April – May 2020. Correlational analyses showed that identification with the mutual aid group was linked to more positive group perceptions and better self‐reported psychological outcomes. Perceived group politicization showed the reverse pattern. Mixed support for the “social cure” model was evident; the effect of group identification on coping self‐efficacy (but not anxiety) was serially mediated by perceived support and collective efficacy. Perceived group politicization was a significant moderator, seeming to amplify the indirect effect of group identification on coping self‐efficacy via perceived support. Results are discussed in light of previous empirical work on the social cure and Covid‐19 mutual aid groups. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma O'Dwyer
- Department of Psychology Kingston University London UK
| | | | - Luiz Gustavo Silva Souza
- Department of Psychology Fluminense Federal University Campos dos Goytacazes Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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She R, Wong K, Lin J, Leung K, Zhang Y, Yang X. How COVID-19 stress related to schooling and online learning affects adolescent depression and Internet gaming disorder: Testing Conservation of Resources theory with sex difference. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:953-966. [PMID: 34665762 PMCID: PMC8987435 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The COVID-19 pandemic poses a grim challenge to adolescents' daily life, including schooling and learning, which has great impacts on their mental and behavioral health. This study aimed to test the roles of stress related to schooling and online learning during COVID-19 (COVID-19 stress) in depression and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) among adolescents and the potential mediators of social support, academic stress, and maladaptive emotion regulation based on the framework of Conservation of Resources theory. Sex differences in these associations were further examined. METHODS A school-based survey was conducted among Chinese adolescents in 13 secondary schools in Hong Kong (n = 3,136) from September to November 2020 (48.1% males; mean age = 13.6 years old) using stratified random sampling. RESULTS The prevalence of probable depression and IGD was 60% and 15%, respectively. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that the proposed model fit the data well (χ2/df = 7.77, CFI = 0.92, IFI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.05). COVID-19 stress was positively and indirectly associated with both depression and IGD through social support, academic stress, and maladaptive emotion regulation. Multi-group analyses identified that the associations between COVID-19 stress and academic stress, between academic stress and depression, and between social support and depression were stronger among females compared to males. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the roles of academic stress, poor social support, maladaptive emotion regulation, and sex to understand how disruption and stress caused by COVID-19 increases adolescent depression and IGD. Psychosocial interventions based on these factors are highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui She
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keiman Wong
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiaxi Lin
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kinlong Leung
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Youmin Zhang
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Köverová M, Ráczová B, Kováčová Holevová B. Predictors of Anxiety, Stress, and Concern of COVID-19 Infection in Older Adults During the First and the Second Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Slovakia. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2021; 7:23337214211047642. [PMID: 34660848 PMCID: PMC8511907 DOI: 10.1177/23337214211047642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional online study examined the role of socio-demographic and psychological characteristics in predicting anxiety, stress, and concern of coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in older adults during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia. METHODS Six hundred and seven older adults (Sample 1) and 156 older adults (Sample 2) participated in the study during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. The older adults completed a battery of validated instruments for anxiety, stress, concern of COVID-19 infection (outcome variables), satisfaction with health, perceived danger of COVID-19, loneliness, intolerance of uncertainty (IU), optimism, powerlessness, and coping self-efficacy (predictor variables). The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. RESULTS The older adults in both samples experienced moderate levels of anxiety, stress, and concern of COVID-19 infection. The greatest amount of variability in anxiety and stress was explained by powerlessness, IU, optimism, and coping self-efficacy. Concern of COVID-19 infection was best predicted by the perceived danger of COVID-19. CONCLUSION The findings contribute to the existing knowledge about the mental health of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight the role of the psychological predictors of anxiety, stress, and concern of COVID-19 infection during both waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Köverová
- Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Beáta Ráczová
- Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
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Im J, Escudero C, Zhang K, Choi D, Sivakumar A, Booth GL, Sale J, Pritlove C, Advani A, Yu CH. Perceptions and correlates of distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic and stress management strategies among people with diabetes: a mixed methods study. Can J Diabetes 2021; 46:253-261. [PMID: 35568426 PMCID: PMC8531237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Greater risk of adverse health outcomes and public health measures have increased distress among people with diabetes during the coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The objectives of this study were to explore how the experiences of people with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic differ according to sociodemographic characteristics and identify diabetes-related psychosocial correlates of COVID distress. Methods Patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes were recruited from clinics and community health centres in Toronto, Ontario, as well as patient networks. Participants were interviewed to explore the experiences of people with diabetes with varied sociodemographic and clinical identities, with respect to wellness (physical, emotional, social, financial, occupational), level of stress and management strategies. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the relationships between diabetes distress, diabetes self-efficacy and resilient coping with COVID distress. Results Interviews revealed that specific aspects of psychosocial wellness affected by the pandemic, and stress and illness management strategies utilized by people with diabetes differed based on socioeconomic status, gender, type of diabetes and race. Resilient coping (β=−0.0517; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.0918 to −0.0116; p=0.012), diabetes distress (β=0.0260; 95% CI, 0.0149 to 0.0371; p<0.0001) and diabetes self-efficacy (β=−0.0184; 95% CI, −0.0316 to −0.0052; p=0.007) were significantly associated with COVID distress. Conclusions Certain subgroups of people with diabetes have experienced a disproportionate amount of COVID distress. Assessing correlates of COVID distress among people with diabetes will help inform interventions such as diabetes self-management education to address the psychosocial distress caused by the pandemic.
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Heyen JM, Weigl N, Müller M, Müller S, Eberle U, Manoliu A, Vetter S, Brown AD, Berger T, Kleim B. Multimodule Web-Based COVID-19 Anxiety and Stress Resilience Training (COAST): Single-Cohort Feasibility Study With First Responders. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e28055. [PMID: 33999835 PMCID: PMC8189283 DOI: 10.2196/28055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the emergence of COVID-19, health care workers and first responders have been at a high risk for mental health symptoms owing to their exposure to the virus and increased work stress during the pandemic. Although interventions exist to address mental health issues following exposure to disasters, emergencies, and humanitarian crises, considerably less is known about web-based unguided interventions to help mitigate the negative impacts of such events. Additionally, in contexts in which emergencies reduce access to in-person care, remote forms of support are critical, yet there are limited studies on the use of such interventions. Evidence-based, easy-to-use, scalable interventions are direly needed for this population. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop and test the feasibility of an unguided electronic mental health program, COVID-19 Anxiety and Stress Resilience Training (COAST), tailored to first responders and health care personnel, based on scientific evidence and empirically based techniques. METHODS We developed COVID-19-specific training modules focusing on several domains that are previously reported as key to resilience and stress recovery: self-efficacy, mindfulness, sleep quality, and positive thinking. The program was made available to 702 first responders between May and August 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic, work-, and COVID-19-related information was collected, and psychometric questionnaires were completed. We examined user acceptance and user activity, including module choice and participant feedback. RESULTS In total, 52 of 702 (7%) first responders to whom we reached out used the program at least once. COAST use was independent of age, sex, or baseline levels of self-efficacy, mindful awareness, sleep quality, and positive thinking (for all, P>.39). First responders who had tested positive and those who had been quarantined were more likely to engage in the program. A click count analysis per module showed that participants used the self-efficacy and mindfulness modules most often, with 382 and 122 clicks, respectively, over 15 weeks. Overall, first responders expressed satisfaction with the program. CONCLUSIONS Engagement of first responders in the multimodule web-based COAST program was feasible and the first responder cohort expressed overall satisfaction with the program. Those in more difficult circumstances, including those in quarantine and those who tested positive, may be more likely to engage in such programs. Further controlled studies could pave the way for efficacy studies and the development of additional modules, including just-in-time interventions or blended interventions combining individual use of an unguided self-help intervention, such as COAST, with subsequent individual psychotherapy for those who continue to experience stress and psychological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Marie Heyen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Noé Weigl
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mario Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Urs Eberle
- Zurich Schutz und Rettung, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrei Manoliu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- McLean Hospital Belmont, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stefan Vetter
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adam D Brown
- Department of Psychology, New School for Social Research, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Kleim
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Thoma MV, Rohleder N, Rohner SL. Clinical Ecopsychology: The Mental Health Impacts and Underlying Pathways of the Climate and Environmental Crisis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:675936. [PMID: 34093283 PMCID: PMC8175799 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.675936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Humankind is confronted with progressing climate change, pollution, environmental degradation, and/or destruction of the air, soil, water, and ecosystems. The climate and environmental crisis is probably one of the greatest challenges in the history of humankind. It not only poses a serious current and continuing threat to physical health, but is also an existing and growing hazard to the mental health of millions of people worldwide. This synergy of literature provides a current summary of the adverse mental health impacts of the climate and environmental crisis from the perspective of Clinical Psychology. Furthermore, it presents potential underlying processes, including biological, emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and social pathways. The existing data suggest that the climate and environmental crisis not only acts as a direct stressor, but can also exert a detrimental impact on the various pathways, with the potential to amplify an individual's biopsychosocial vulnerability to develop mental ill-health. This is a call for an increased investigation into this emerging research field of Clinical Ecopsychology by clinical psychologists and other researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam V. Thoma
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging,” University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chair of Health Psychology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shauna L. Rohner
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging,” University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Yuan G, Shi W, Lowe S, Chang K, Jackson T, Hall BJ. Associations between posttraumatic stress symptoms, perceived social support and psychological distress among disaster-exposed Chinese young adults: A three-wave longitudinal mediation model. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:491-497. [PMID: 33798977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Research has documented a strong association between perceived social support, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and psychological distress (PD) among people exposed to natural disasters. However, the direction of associations between these factors remains unclear. This study examined possible mediational relationships among perceived social support, PTSS, and PD. A three-wave longitudinal design (6 months intervals) was employed in a sample of 341 Chinese university students (Mage = 21.24, SD = 2.72; 75.7% female) aged 18 to 34 who were directly exposed to a typhoon that occurred in Macao, China, during August 2017. Results indicated that perceived social support at T2 mediated the linkage between PTSS at T1 and PD at T3, and that PTSS at T2 significantly mediated the relationship between PD at T1 and perceived social support at T3. This three-wave longitudinal study highlights the key role of perceived social support on the aggravating effect of acute PTSS on long-term psychological problems, and demonstrates that adverse psychological health outcomes negatively affect the perception of supportive social resources in the context of a natural disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhe Yuan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, People's Republic of China
| | - Sarah Lowe
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, USA
| | - Kay Chang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Todd Jackson
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Brian J Hall
- New York University (Shanghai), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Self-Leadership and Psychological Capital as Key Cognitive Resources for Shaping Health-Protective Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic. ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/admsci11020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As COVID-19 has become a global pandemic, health researchers and practitioners have focused attention on identifying the factors that may help to shape health-protective behaviors, protecting individual health and well-being, and helping to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. This study explores the potential role of self-leadership and psychological capital (PsyCap) as key cognitive resources for shaping health-protective behaviors. Using multiple theoretical frameworks (social cognitive theory, psychological resources theory, and the health belief model), this paper develops and tests a hypothesized serial mediation model in which PsyCap and coping self-efficacy mediate the relationship between self-leadership and health-protective behaviors including hand washing, wearing face masks, and social distancing. Results suggest that PsyCap and coping self-efficacy mediate the positive relationship between self-leadership and health-protective behaviors. These results yield valuable insights regarding the usefulness of self-leadership and PsyCap as cognitive resources for shaping health-protective behaviors and for possible self-leadership and PsyCap interventions, potentially tailored to at-risk populations, which should have practical benefits for both the current and future pandemics and health crises.
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21
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Can digital innovations help reduce suffering? A crowd-based digital innovation framework of compassion venturing. INFORMATION AND ORGANIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2021.100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hobfoll SE, Watson P, Bell CC, Bryant RA, Brymer MJ, Friedman MJ, Friedman M, Gersons BPR, de Jong J, Layne CM, Maguen S, Neria Y, Norwood AE, Pynoos RS, Reissman D, Ruzek JI, Shalev AY, Solomon Z, Steinberg AM, Ursano RJ. Five Essential Elements of Immediate and Mid-Term Mass Trauma Intervention: Empirical Evidence. Psychiatry 2021; 84:311-346. [PMID: 35061969 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.2021.2005387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Given the devastation caused by disasters and mass violence, it is critical that intervention policy be based on the most updated research findings. However, to date, no evidence-based consensus has been reached supporting a clear set of recommendations for intervention during the immediate and the mid-term post mass trauma phases. Because it is unlikely that there will be evidence in the near or mid-term future from clinical trials that cover the diversity of disaster and mass violence circumstances, we assembled a worldwide panel of experts on the study and treatment of those exposed to disaster and mass violence to extrapolate from related fields of research, and to gain consensus on intervention principles. We identified five empirically supported intervention principles that should be used to guide and inform intervention and prevention efforts at the early to mid-term stages. These are promoting: 1) a sense of safety, 2) calming, 3) a sense of self- and community efficacy, 4) connectedness, and 5) hope.
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23
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Use of and satisfaction with support received among survivors from three Scandinavian countries after the 2004 Southeast Asian tsunami. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 26:436-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIntroductionThere is limited guidance regarding effective preventions for post-disaster mental health problems and what kind of support is preferred by disaster survivors.AimTo describe the use of and satisfaction with support in three Scandinavian countries after the tsunami and analyzing the association between support and posttraumatic stress reactions.MethodThe sample comprises 6772 responders who returned to Scandinavia from the tsunami-struck countries of Southeast Asia in 2004.ResultsMost were satisfied with informal support on site. Support from embassies/consulates was not received well, leaving about 64% of the Danes/Norwegians and 73% of the Swedes dissatisfied. After returning home, support from close relatives rendered highest degree of satisfaction. Consultation with general practitioner (GP) was reported by 63% of Norwegians, 40% of Danes, and 16% of Swedes. Most responders (60–77%) were satisfied with their GP, although Norwegians were least satisfied. Using support was associated with higher levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms.ConclusionsInformal support was used to a high degree and rendered considerable satisfaction in all three countries, while the use of and satisfaction with formal support varied more. Lack of satisfaction with embassies and consulates may indicate deficiencies in the authorities’ preparedness in assisting disaster stricken citizens abroad.
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Hoelterhoff M, Chung MC. Self-Efficacy as an Agentic Protective Factor against Death Anxiety in PTSD and Psychiatric Co-Morbidity. Psychiatr Q 2020; 91:165-181. [PMID: 31802409 PMCID: PMC7033080 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-019-09694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
PTSD has profound personal, social and economic impact. Understanding factors that influence strong recovery is a priority for informing the use of limited treatment resources. This study follows up a preliminary finding from Hoelterhoff and Cheung Chung, Psychiatr Q, 88, 635-651, [30] which found that death anxiety is related to PTSD and suggested that self-efficacy may mediate this relationship. Specifically, this study examined self-efficacy as a protective factor in the context of people who have experienced a life-threatening event. 109 undergraduate university students completed self-report questionnaires on, self-efficacy, death anxiety, trauma and well-being as well as a number of demographic factors. Self-efficacy was found that to be significantly and inversely related to death anxiety and psychiatric co-morbidity, but not PTSD. Results were discussed in light of literature regarding death anxiety. It seems that self-efficacy is related to death anxiety and well-being; however, it interacts with these processes independently and not as a mediating factor. More research is needed to understand coping mechanisms that help develop resilience against the negative effects of death anxiety against PTSD and minimize its detrimental impact on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hoelterhoff
- School of Health in Social Science, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Doorway 6 Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK.
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25
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Gallagher MW, Long LJ, Phillips CA. Hope, optimism, self‐efficacy, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta‐analytic review of the protective effects of positive expectancies. J Clin Psychol 2019; 76:329-355. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and StatisticsUniversity of HoustonHouston Texas
| | - Laura J. Long
- Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and StatisticsUniversity of HoustonHouston Texas
| | - Colleen A. Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and StatisticsUniversity of HoustonHouston Texas
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Bistricky SL, Long LJ, Lai BS, Gallagher MW, Kanenberg H, Elkins SR, Harper KL, Short MB. Surviving the storm: Avoidant coping, helping behavior, resilience and affective symptoms around a major hurricane-flood. J Affect Disord 2019; 257:297-306. [PMID: 31302518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As extreme weather events increasingly affect the global population, it is valuable to understand their impacts on mental health. Extending upon previous theory and research, the current study examined a hypothesized framework of direct and indirect pathways. Exposure and psychosocial resource factors at the time of the hurricane/flood were expected to help explain post-disaster behavioral responses, such as avoidant coping, positive coping, and helping behaviors, which, in turn, would help account for post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and depressive symptoms (DS). METHODS Survey data were collected from adult survivors (n = 801) of Hurricane Harvey 1-3 months post-disaster. PTSS, DS, and needing help were common, and loss/disruption and helping behavior were widespread. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the hypothesized framework. RESULTS Models accounted for substantial variance in PTSS (70%) and DS (61%), with immediate loss/disruption, low self-reported resilience, and avoidant coping showing the strongest associations with symptoms. As predicted, results provided support for several modeled indirect pathways through avoidant coping to PTSS and DS. Further, helping behavior was consistently associated with increased PTSS, but not DS. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design and online data collection methods precluded testing of causal directionality and confirming clinical diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS The current study represents a step toward elucidating potential mediators of avoidant coping and how helping behavior might relate to post-disaster psychopathology. Individuals in heavily hurricane/flood-exposed areas who have low psychosocial resources (social support and resilience) might be most vulnerable and most in need of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara R Elkins
- University of Houston-Clear Lake, United States of America
| | | | - Mary B Short
- University of Houston-Clear Lake, United States of America
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Bandla S, Nappinnai NR, Gopalasamy S. Psychiatric morbidity in December 2015 flood-affected population in Tamil Nadu, India. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2019; 65:338-344. [PMID: 31068043 DOI: 10.1177/0020764019846166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Floods are the most common type of natural disaster, which have a negative impact on mental health. Following floods, survivors are vulnerable to develop PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder), depression, anxiety and other mental health problems. AIM The aim is to study the psychiatric morbidity in the persons affected by floods during December 2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out in Chennai and Cuddalore. In total, 223 persons who were directly exposed to floods were assessed. PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version, Beck's Depression Inventory, Beck's Anxiety Inventory and World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Scale (WHO-5) were used in the study. Chi-square test was used to compare the means. RESULTS Overall, psychiatric morbidity was found to be 45.29%; 60 (26.9%) persons had symptoms of PTSD. Anxiety was found in 48 (27.4%) and depression was found in 101 (45.29%) persons; and 11 (4.9%) persons have reported an increase in substance abuse. CONCLUSION Following disaster like floods, there is a need for better preparedness in terms of basic necessities and medical and psychological assistance, particularly emphasizing the needs of older persons in order to prevent the development of psychiatric problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja Bandla
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Gannavaram, India
| | - N R Nappinnai
- 2 Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Kanchipuram, India
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Zahnow R, Wickes R, Taylor M, Corcoran J. Community social capital and individual functioning in the post-disaster context. DISASTERS 2019; 43:261-288. [PMID: 30431169 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Disasters can have severe and long-lasting consequences for individuals and communities. While scholarly evidence indicates that access to social support can ameliorate their negative impacts, less understood is whether or not neighbourhood social capital can facilitate recovery. This study uses two waves of survey data-collected before and after a significant flood in Brisbane, Australia, in 2011-to examine the relationship between the severity of the event at the individual and neighbourhood level, access to neighbourhood social capital and individual-level social support, and functioning in the post-disaster environment. In line with previous research, the results indicate that the severity of the flood is the most salient predictor of post-disaster functioning. No evidence was unearthed to show that neighbourhood social capital amassed before the flood leads to better functioning subsequently, but the findings do suggest that individual-level social support can moderate the effect of flood severity on functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Zahnow
- Lecturer in Criminology at the School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca Wickes
- Associate Professor in Criminology and Director of the Monash Migration and Inclusion Centre at the School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Mel Taylor
- Senior Lecturer in Organisational Psychology in the Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Jonathan Corcoran
- Professor of Human Geography and Director of the Queensland Centre for Population Research at the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
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Ikeda A, Charvat H, Shigemura J, Kales SN, Tanigawa T. Longitudinal trends in disaster-related insomnia among Fukushima nuclear plant workers: the Fukushima Nuclear Energy Workers’ Support Project study. Sleep 2019; 42:5374591. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ikeda
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hadrien Charvat
- Prevention Division, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Shigemura
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Stefanos N Kales
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Occupational Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA
| | - Takeshi Tanigawa
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Halim N, Beard J, Mesic A, Patel A, Henderson D, Hibberd P. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and perinatal mental disorders in low and lower middle income countries: A systematic review of literature, 1990–2017. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 66:117-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Guerra C, Farkas C, Moncada L. Depression, anxiety and PTSD in sexually abused adolescents: Association with self-efficacy, coping and family support. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 76:310-320. [PMID: 29179084 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sexual abuse has the potential to generate serious emotional consequences for its victims, but there is high variability in the symptoms reported by different victims. Therefore, it is necessary to ascertain the factors associated with the symptoms presented by sexual abuse victims. The aim of the study was to use a single model to evaluate the relationship between sexual abuse characteristics (frequency, violence, relation with the aggressor and physical commitment), cognitive and behavioral factors (self-efficacy, active coping and perceived family support) and internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress) in a group of sexually abused adolescents. The participants included 106 female adolescent victims of sexual abuse (M=14.25years, SD=1.74). The results of a path analysis indicated that sexual abuse characteristics were unrelated to symptomatology. Only a negative relationship was observed between the victim's relationship with the aggressor and PTSD symptomatology. The violence of the sexual abuse was negatively related to self-efficacy, and self-efficacy was positively related to active coping and negatively related to symptomatology. Finally, the perception of family support was positively related to self-efficacy and negatively related to symptomatology. These results suggest the need to consider the studied factors in the process of psychotherapy with victims of sexual abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Guerra
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Universidad Santo Tomás, Chile.
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Smith AJ, Benight CC, Cieslak R. Social Support and Postdeployment Coping Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Distress Among Combat Veterans. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1037/mil0000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Smith
- Psychology Department, Virginia Tech, and Trauma, Health, and Hazards Center, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs
| | - Charles C. Benight
- Psychology Department and Trauma, Health, and Hazards Center, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs
| | - Roman Cieslak
- Trauma, Health, and Hazards Center, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, and Department of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
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Alexander AC, Ward KD. Understanding Postdisaster Substance Use and Psychological Distress Using Concepts from the Self-Medication Hypothesis and Social Cognitive Theory. J Psychoactive Drugs 2017; 50:177-186. [PMID: 29125424 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2017.1397304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This article applies constructs from the Self-Medication Hypothesis and Social Cognitive Theory to explain the development of substance use and psychological distress after a disaster. A conceptual model is proposed, which employs a sequential mediation model, identifying perceived coping self-efficacy, psychological distress, and self-medication as pathways to substance use after a disaster. Disaster exposure decreases perceived coping self-efficacy, which, in turn, increases psychological distress and subsequently increases perceptions of self-medication in vulnerable individuals. These mechanisms lead to an increase in postdisaster substance use. Last, recommendations are offered to encourage disaster researchers to test more complex models in studies on postdisaster psychological distress and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Alexander
- a Graduate Assistant, Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health , University of Memphis , Memphis , TN , USA
| | - Kenneth D Ward
- b Professor, Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health , University of Memphis , Memphis , TN , USA
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Liu SR, Kia-Keating M. Improving Coping Self-Efficacy Among Distressed Students After Exposure to University Mass Violence: A Pilot Online Intervention. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2017.1388754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina R. Liu
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Maryam Kia-Keating
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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Ikeda A, Tanigawa T, Charvat H, Wada H, Shigemura J, Kawachi I. Longitudinal effects of disaster-related experiences on mental health among Fukushima nuclear plant workers: The Fukushima NEWS Project Study. Psychol Med 2017; 47:1936-1946. [PMID: 28374662 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Fukushima Nuclear Energy Workers' Support (NEWS) Project Study previously showed that experiences related to the Fukushima nuclear disaster on 11 March 2011 had a great impact on psychological states, including post-traumatic stress response (PTSR) and general psychological distress (GPD), among the Fukushima nuclear plant workers. To determine the causal relationship between disaster-related experiences and levels of psychological states, we conducted a 3-year longitudinal study from 2011 to 2014. METHOD PTSR and GPD of the nuclear plant workers were assessed by annual questionnaires conducted from 2011 to 2014. The present study included a total of 1417 workers who provided an assessment at baseline (2011). A total of 4160 observations were used in the present analysis. The relationship between disaster-related experiences and psychological states over time was analysed using mixed-effects logistic regression models. RESULTS A declining influence of disaster-related experiences on PTSR over time was found. However, the impact on PTSR remained significantly elevated even 3 years after the disaster in several categories of exposure including the experience of life-threatening danger, experiences of discrimination, the witnessing of plant explosion, the death of a colleague and home evacuation. The associations between GPD and disaster-related experiences showed similar effects. CONCLUSIONS The effects of disaster-related experiences on psychological states among the nuclear plant workers reduced over time, but remained significantly high even 3 years after the event.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ikeda
- Department of Public Health,Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine,Tokyo,Japan
| | - T Tanigawa
- Department of Public Health,Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine,Tokyo,Japan
| | - H Charvat
- Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center,Tokyo,Japan
| | - H Wada
- Department of Public Health,Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine,Tokyo,Japan
| | - J Shigemura
- Department of Psychiatry,National Defense Medical College,Saitama,Japan
| | - I Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences,Harvard School of Public Health,Boston, MA,USA
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Benight CC, Shoji K, Delahanty DL. Self-Regulation Shift Theory: A Dynamic Systems Approach to Traumatic Stress. J Trauma Stress 2017; 30:333-342. [PMID: 28741845 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Self-regulation shift theory (SRST) is a threshold theory explaining self-regulation following trauma that utilizes nonlinear dynamics to capture systemic shifts in trauma adaptation. Cusp catastrophe modeling tests nonlinear changes in an outcome (e.g., posttraumatic distress) based on an identified bifurcation factor under specific conditions (i.e., asymmetry variables). We evaluated two cusp models in a motor vehicle accident (MVA) database and then confirmed findings within a similar dataset. Based on SRST, we tested coping self-efficacy (CSE) as the bifurcation factor and a set of asymmetry controlling variables. Results demonstrated significant cusp models with CSE as a consistent bifurcation factor in all models. When participants reported lower peritraumatic dissociation, early lower CSE was a significant bifurcation factor for 3-month trauma symptoms in Sample 1, R2 = .18. The cusp model for changes in symptoms from 30 days to 3 months showed CSE as a significant bifurcation variable with higher levels of avoidant coping (R2 = .27). In a separate sample, early lower CSE was again a significant bifurcation variable with lower injury severity (R2 = .52). Results support the importance of self-regulatory appraisals in nonlinear shifts in posttraumatic stress symptoms 3 months post-MVA. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Benight
- Trauma, Health, and Hazards Center, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
- Psychology Department, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Kotaro Shoji
- Trauma, Health, and Hazards Center, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Douglas L Delahanty
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
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Application of a Theoretical Model Toward Understanding Continued Food Insecurity Post Hurricane Katrina. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2017; 12:47-56. [PMID: 28758601 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2017.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disaster recovery efforts focus on restoring basic needs to survivors, such as food, water, and shelter. However, long after the immediate recovery phase is over, some individuals will continue to experience unmet needs. Ongoing food insecurity has been identified as a post-disaster problem. There is a paucity of information regarding the factors that might place an individual at risk for continued food insecurity post disaster. METHODS Using data from a sample (n=737) of households severely impacted by Hurricane Katrina, we estimated the associations between food insecurity and structural, physical and mental health, and psychosocial factors 5 years after Hurricane Katrina. Logistic regression models were fit and odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI estimated. RESULTS Nearly one-quarter of respondents (23%) reported food insecurity 5 years post Katrina. Marital/partner status (OR: 0.7, CI: 0.42, 0.99), self-efficacy (OR: 0.56, CI: 0.37, 0.84), sense of community (OR: 0.7, CI: 0.44, 0.98), and social support (OR: 0.59, CI: 0.39, 0.89) lowered the odds of food insecurity and explained most of the effects of mental health distress on food insecurity. Social support, self-efficacy, and being partnered were protective against food insecurity. CONCLUSIONS Recovery efforts should focus on fostering social-support networks and increased self-efficacy to improve food insecurity post disaster. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:47-56).
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Wagner EH, Hoelterhoff M, Chung MC. Posttraumatic stress disorder following asthma attack: the role of agency beliefs in mediating psychiatric morbidity. J Ment Health 2017; 26:342-350. [PMID: 28675709 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2017.1340628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between serious illness and subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychiatric comorbidity has been established. In populations with asthma, however, few studies have investigated this link, or what psychological mechanisms mediate it. Healthcare guidance for chronic conditions, and PTSD literature, highlight "agency beliefs" as a direction for investigation. AIMS To determine the prevalence of PTSD following asthma attack, and investigate whether agency beliefs mediate PTSD and comorbid psychiatric symptoms in this population. METHOD We recruited 110 adults with asthma from online peer support forums. Participants completed the Asthma Symptom Checklist, PTSD Checklist, GHQ-28, General Self-Efficacy scale, and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale. RESULTS 20% of our sample met criteria for PTSD. Regression results indicated that higher asthma severity significantly predicted PTSD and psychiatric co-morbidity. Lower self-efficacy significantly predicted PTSD symptoms while controlling for asthma severity, however Locus of Control (LoC) did not improve the model further. Self-efficacy, but not LoC, significantly partially mediated the effect of asthma severity on PTSD severity and psychiatric co-morbidity. CONCLUSIONS PTSD and other psychiatric symptoms in asthma populations are mediated in part by self-efficacy. Safeguarding and improving self-efficacy in this population is an important area for future research and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest H Wagner
- a School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Medical School , Edinburgh , UK.,b Department of Clinical Psychology , NHS Grampian, Royal Cornhill Hospital , Aberdeen , UK
| | - Mark Hoelterhoff
- c Department of Psychology , University of Cumbria , Carlisle , UK , and
| | - Man Cheung Chung
- d Department of Educational Psychology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong
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Crust L, Swann C, Allen-Collinson J. The Thin Line: A Phenomenological Study of Mental Toughness and Decision Making in Elite High-Altitude Mountaineers. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 38:598-611. [PMID: 28033024 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mental toughness (MT) is a key psychological variable related to achievement in performance domains and perseverance in challenging circumstances. We sought to understand the lived experiences of mentally tough high-altitude mountaineers, focusing primarily upon decisions to persevere or abort summit attempts. Phenomenological interviews were conducted with 14 mountaineers including guides, expedition leaders, and doctors (Mage = 44 years). A content analysis was employed to identify key themes in the data. Participants emphasized the importance of MT in extreme environments and described rational, flexible, and vigilant decision-making. Turning around without summiting was the toughest decision reported, with recognition of the thin line between persevering and overstretching. In contrast to much MT literature, mountaineers accepted limits, demonstrated restraint, and sacrificed personal goals to aid others. Costly perseverance was also reported with some mountaineers described as "too tough": overcompetitive, goal-obsessed, and biased decision-makers. These findings revealed both benefits and dangers of MT in mountaineering.
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Singer MJ, Humphreys KL, Lee SS. Coping Self-Efficacy Mediates the Association Between Child Abuse and ADHD in Adulthood. J Atten Disord 2016. [PMID: 23204062 DOI: 10.1177/1087054712465337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether individual differences in coping self-efficacy mediated the association of child abuse and symptoms of ADHD in young adults. METHOD Self-reported measures of coping self-efficacy, child abuse, and ADHD were obtained from 66 adults. RESULTS Adults who reported childhood physical or sexual abuse (prior to the age of 17) had significantly higher levels of ADHD than those who did not. Individual differences in coping self-efficacy fully mediated the association between child abuse and ADHD symptoms in adulthood, such that individuals who endorsed child abuse had lower coping self-efficacy, and coping self-efficacy negatively predicted ADHD symptoms. DISCUSSION The findings suggest a potential causal mechanism by which childhood physical and sexual abuse may result in ADHD symptoms later in life. Interventions that improve coping skills may be useful in preventing later ADHD symptoms among adults with a childhood history of physical and sexual abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steve S Lee
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Beadel JR, Mathews A, Teachman BA. Cognitive Bias Modification to Enhance Resilience to a Panic Challenge. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-016-9791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Vulnerability Assessment Models to Drought: Toward a Conceptual Framework. SUSTAINABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/su8060588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Nygaard E, Hussain A, Siqveland J, Heir T. General self-efficacy and posttraumatic stress after a natural disaster: a longitudinal study. BMC Psychol 2016; 4:15. [PMID: 27048603 PMCID: PMC4822288 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-016-0119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Self-efficacy may be an important factor in individuals’ recovery from posttraumatic stress reactions after a natural disaster. However, few longitudinal studies have investigated whether self-efficacy predicts the course of posttraumatic recovery beyond lower initial levels of distress. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether general self-efficacy is related to recovery from posttraumatic stress reactions from a longitudinal perspective. Methods A total of 617 Norwegians exposed to the 2004 Southeast Asian tsunami completed self-report questionnaires measuring their level of disaster exposure and general self-efficacy at 6 months and posttraumatic stress reactions 6 months and 2 years post-disaster. Predictors of changes in posttraumatic stress reactions were analyzed with multivariate mixed effects models. Results Self-efficacy at 6 months post-disaster was unrelated to trauma exposure and inversely related to posttraumatic stress reactions at 6 months and 2 years post-disaster. However, self-efficacy was not related to recovery from posttraumatic stress reactions between 6 months and 2 years post-disaster. Conclusions In conclusion, general self-efficacy is related to lower levels of posttraumatic stress reactions in the first months after a disaster but does not appear to be related to improved recovery rates over the longer term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egil Nygaard
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postbox 1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway. .,Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway (RBUP), Nydalen, Postbox 4623, 0405, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ajmal Hussain
- Department of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Sykehusveien 25, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Johan Siqveland
- Department of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Sykehusveien 25, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postbox 1171, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Heir
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postbox 1171, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Nydalen, Postbox 181, 0409, Oslo, Norway
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Vernberg EM, Hambrick EP, Cho B, Hendrickson ML. Positive Psychology and Disaster Mental Health: Strategies for Working with Children and Adolescents. J Clin Psychol 2016; 72:1333-1347. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin P. Hambrick
- Kempe Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Bridget Cho
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas
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Ikizer G, Karanci AN, Doğulu C. Exploring Factors Associated with Psychological Resilience Among Earthquake Survivors from Turkey. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2015.1108794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Drury J. Social Identity as a Source of Strength in Mass Emergencies and Other Crowd Events. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2003.11449599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Warner LM, Gutiérrez-Doña B, Villegas Angulo M, Schwarzer R. Resource loss, self-efficacy, and family support predict posttraumatic stress symptoms: a 3-year study of earthquake survivors. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2014; 28:239-53. [DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2014.955018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Helping youth immediately following war exposure: a randomized controlled trial of a school-based intervention program. J Prim Prev 2014; 34:293-307. [PMID: 23868708 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-013-0314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates a school-based primary prevention intervention designed to promote adolescents' coping in the immediate aftermath of war exposure in Operation Cast Lead. Participants were 179 adolescents from two demographically similar schools in Ashkelon in south Israel. The intervention incorporated two previously proven resilience factors-mobilization of support and self-efficacy. In a repeated measures design, the study assessed pre- to post-test changes in intervention (n=94) and control (n=85) conditions among adolescents exposed to high or low political life events (PLE). Findings showed significant pre-test differences in self-efficacy and psychological symptoms between participants with low and high PLE. For both PLE groups, the intervention strengthened support mobilization and self-efficacy and reduced psychological distress and emotional symptoms. Findings reinforce the importance of offering appropriate evidence-based interventions for school staff to restore security and well-being to adolescents in a crisis context immediately following war. Despite the apparent return to a school routine after war, school staff should be aware of the risk to youth for development of psychological symptoms and disorders, and the need for preventative intervention.
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Zeidner M, Ben-Zur H. Effects of an experimental social stressor on resources loss, negative affect, and coping strategies. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2013; 27:376-93. [DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2013.862523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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