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Omak A, Uprak TK, Attaallah W. Recurrent perianal abscess in a patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome-associated granulomatous colitis: a case report. Ann Coloproctol 2024; 40:S11-S14. [PMID: 34794229 PMCID: PMC11162847 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2021.00437.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare genetic disease consisting of the triad of oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diathesis, and pigmented reticuloendothelial cells. In HPS patients' granulomatous colitis could be an additional feature and perianal abscess could be seen in such patients. We report a patient with HPS-associated granulomatous colitis, refractory to medical treatment, and perianal involvement. Patients with HPS-associated granulomatous colitis and perianal involvement may require multiple surgical interventions and there is no consensus yet for treatment in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Omak
- Department of General Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Tevfik Kıvılcım Uprak
- Department of General Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Wafi Attaallah
- Department of General Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye
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2
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Wilkins BJ, Kelsen JR, Conrad MA. A Pattern-based Pathology Approach to Very Early-onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Thinking Beyond Crohn Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Adv Anat Pathol 2022; 29:62-70. [PMID: 34813528 PMCID: PMC8665089 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD), IBD diagnosed in children younger than 6 years old, is phenotypically and genetically distinct from older onset IBD. Monogenic and digenic causative defects, particularly in primary immunodeficiency and intestinal epithelial barrier genes, have been identified in a subset of patients with VEO-IBD allowing for targeted therapies and improved outcomes. However, these findings are the minority, thus strategies to correctly diagnose patients, including identification of specific histopathologic findings with correlating clinical and laboratory features may provide critical and necessary insight into mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and subsequent therapeutic options. In this article, we review the pathologic findings seen in patients with VEO-IBD and outline a pattern-based approach to diagnosis using examples from primary immunodeficiencies with gastrointestinal manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Wilkins
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Judith R. Kelsen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Maire A. Conrad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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3
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O'Brien KJ, Parisi X, Shelman NR, Merideth MA, Introne WJ, Heller T, Gahl WA, Malicdan MCV, Gochuico BR. Inflammatory bowel disease in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: a retrospective single-centre cohort study. J Intern Med 2021; 290:129-140. [PMID: 33423334 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by defective biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles, could provide insights into IBD in general. OBJECTIVE To expand the understanding of IBD in patients with HPS. METHODS Retrospective review of records from patients with HPS evaluated at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center from 1995 to 2019 was conducted. Clinical features of IBD, genotyping results and histologic findings of colectomy specimens were analysed. RESULTS IBD affected 37 (14.2%; 12 male, 25 female) of 261 patients with HPS. Median age of onset was 17 years; range was 1 to 52 years. The most common symptoms of HPS IBD were hematochezia, abdominal pain and loose stools. Fistulae or extra-intestinal manifestations developed in 30% or 22%, respectively. Genotyping showed that patients with biallelic variants in HPS1, HPS3, HPS4 or HPS6 were diagnosed with IBD. Six children had very early-onset IBD. Patients with HPS-3 had mild manifestations of IBD. Medical therapy and bowel resection were utilized to treat 73% and 35% of patients with HPS IBD, respectively; 7 of 13 patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy had prolonged clinical responses. Active cryptitis, chronic inflammatory changes, granulomas and ceroid lipofuscinosis were histopathologic findings in three colectomy specimens. CONCLUSIONS IBD resembling Crohn's disease affects some patients with HPS; genetic heterogeneity is a feature of HPS IBD. HPS3 is a new gene associated with human IBD. Very early-onset IBD can develop in HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J O'Brien
- From the, Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - X Parisi
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Medical Research Scholars Program, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N R Shelman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M A Merideth
- From the, Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W J Introne
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T Heller
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M C V Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B R Gochuico
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Velázquez-Díaz P, Nakajima E, Sorkhdini P, Hernandez-Gutierrez A, Eberle A, Yang D, Zhou Y. Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome and Lung Disease: Pathogenesis and Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644671. [PMID: 33841163 PMCID: PMC8028140 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS) is a rare, genetic, multisystem disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), bleeding diathesis, immunodeficiency, granulomatous colitis, and pulmonary fibrosis. HPS pulmonary fibrosis (HPS-PF) occurs in 100% of patients with subtype HPS-1 and has a similar presentation to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Upon onset, individuals with HPS-PF have approximately 3 years before experiencing signs of respiratory failure and eventual death. This review aims to summarize current research on HPS along with its associated pulmonary fibrosis and its implications for the development of novel treatments. We will discuss the genetic basis of the disease, its epidemiology, and current therapeutic and clinical management strategies. We continue to review the cellular processes leading to the development of HPS-PF in alveolar epithelial cells, lymphocytes, mast cells, and fibrocytes, along with the molecular mechanisms that contribute to its pathogenesis and may be targeted in the treatment of HPS-PF. Finally, we will discuss emerging new cellular and molecular approaches for studying HPS, including lentiviral-mediated gene transfer, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), organoid and 3D-modelling, and CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Parand Sorkhdini
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Adam Eberle
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dongqin Yang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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5
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Treatment of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome Associated granulomatous colitis with anti-TNF agents: case series and review of literature. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 31:1597-1600. [PMID: 31441797 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by bleeding diathesis due to platelet dysfunction, oculocutaneous albinism and other systemic involvements. Granulomatous colitis may occur in the disease course and have similarities with Crohn's disease. Herein, we present four cases with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome associated colitis with the longest follow-up period having various responses to different anti-TNF agents. Four patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome colitis were started on anti-TNF agents between 2008 and 2013. After a mean follow-up period of 7.5 years, two of four patients exhibited a significant improvement in symptoms, whereas the other two experienced undesirable disease course. Although having many similarities with Crohn's disease; Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome colitis appears to have lower anti-TNF response rates. Pathophysiological differences need to be enlightened to find more appropriate therapeutic targets for Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome colitis.
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Sun S, Ye Z, Zheng S, Chen G, Qian X, Dong K, Huang Y. Surgical treatment of monogenic inflammatory bowel disease: A single clinical center experience. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:2155-2161. [PMID: 31027905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the wide application of immunologic reconstitution treatment, such as hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT), most patients of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with immunodeficiency owing to monogenic abnormalities need surgical intervention during the course of treatment, which is quite different from traditional IBD surgery. The aim of this study was to generalize the surgical strategies as a part of comprehensive therapy for these rare diseases. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted based on the clinical data of children with immunodeficiency-derived IBD who underwent surgical treatment in Children's Hospital of Fudan University between January 2015 and December 2017. RESULTS A total of 18 patients with monogenic abnormalities were enrolled. The major surgical indications included 11 cases of acute or chronic intestinal obstructions, 4 refractory intestinal infections, and 3 pneumoperitoneum, while 12 cases had perforations noted during intraoperative exploration. All of the patients underwent varieties of enterostomies to divert the affected or obstructed intestine during the primary surgery. Wound infections or dehiscence occurred in 7 patients, and 2 patients underwent reoperations for adhesive intestinal obstruction and prolapse. Postoperatively, 15 patients survived, 13 of which achieved immune reconstitution through subsequent HSCT or immunoglobulin supplementation. In the second-stage surgery, a posterior sagittal approach rectal resection was performed in 5 patients with complex anorectal complications. Twelve patients had undergone stoma closure procedures. CONCLUSION Surgical intervention should be performed earlier because the perforations are usually insidious in monogenic IBD. Preventative enterostomies are suggested in preparation for HSCT among patients with severe anorectal complications. Wound infections are the most common complication after the primary operation. Posterior sagittal rectal resection is a good option for patients with complex anorectal complications. TYPE OF STUDY Clinical research paper. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Sun
- Surgical department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Ziqing Ye
- Gastroenterology department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Surgical department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Surgical department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Xiaowen Qian
- Hematology department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Kuiran Dong
- Surgical department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Ying Huang
- Gastroenterology department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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7
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Girot P, Le Berre C, De Maissin A, Freyssinet M, Trang-Poisson C, Bourreille A. Crohn’s-like acute severe colitis associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: A case report. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:1031-1036. [PMID: 30833808 PMCID: PMC6397731 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i8.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, platelet storage pool deficiency and systemic complications associated with ceroid deposition in the reticuloendothelial system. HPS types 1 and 4 are associated with Crohn’s disease (CD)-like gastrointestinal disorders, such as granulomatous enterocolitis or perianal disease. Cases of colitis can be particularly severe and, before the use of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) therapy had become common, were reported as showing poor responsiveness to medical treatment.
CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 51-year-old albino woman who presented with acute severe colitis that led to the diagnosis of HPS. Histologic findings of biopsy samples showed chronic inflammation with deep ulcerations, and granulomas without caseous necrosis. Molecular genetic analysis confirmed HPS type 1, with a homozygous 27 base-pair deletion in exon 20 of the HPS1 gene. Once the patient’s bleeding diathesis was corrected by platelet transfusion, the granulomatous colitis responded dramatically to a medical treatment regimen that included corticosteroids, azathioprine and infliximab; this regimen is similar to that used in CD treatment. Although it remains unclear if the granulomatous enterocolitis in HPS is due to ceroid deposition or reflects the co-existence of CD and HPS, the fact that this case of HPS-related granulomatous colitis responded to the same therapeutic approach used in CD suggests that this type of colitis may result from HPS patients’ genetic susceptibility to CD.
CONCLUSION We report a case of severe colitis that led to the diagnosis of HPS, which was responsive to azathioprine and infliximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Girot
- Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes Cedex 44093, France
| | - Catherine Le Berre
- Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes Cedex 44093, France
| | - Astrid De Maissin
- Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes Cedex 44093, France
| | - Marie Freyssinet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinique Jules Verne, Nantes 44300, France
| | - Caroline Trang-Poisson
- Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes Cedex 44093, France
| | - Arnaud Bourreille
- Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes Cedex 44093, France
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Ishihara J, Mizuochi T, Uchida T, Takaki Y, Konishi KI, Joo M, Takahashi Y, Yoshioka S, Kusano H, Sasahara Y, Yamashita Y. Infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease in a patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: a case report. BMC Gastroenterol 2019; 19:9. [PMID: 30634918 PMCID: PMC6329123 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-019-0929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare, genetically heterogeneous disorder that manifests oculocutaneous albinism together with bleeding diatheses that reflect a platelet storage pool deficiency. Ten genetic subtypes of this autosomal recessive condition have been described to date. Some patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1, 4, or 6 develop Crohn's-like inflammatory bowel disease at any age including early childhood, but most often in adolescence or young adulthood. Here we report infantile-onset of inflammatory bowel disease in a patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1 who responded to infliximab. CASE PRESENTATION A Japanese boy, the second child of non-consanguineous healthy parents, was born with chalky white skin, silvery-white hair, and gray eyes, representing oculocutaneous albinism. He developed frequent diarrhea and fever accompanied by weight loss at 6 months, and was diagnosed with Crohn's-like inflammatory bowel disease based on the endoscopic finding of longitudinal ulcerations in the colon and the histopathologic finding of nonspecific chronic inflammation without granulomas at the age of 11 months. Treatment with an elemental diet, salazosulfapyridine, and corticosteroids failed to improve clinical or laboratory abnormalities, and the diarrhea became bloody. At 13 months he began treatment with infliximab, which produced marked improvement followed by clinical remission. Endoscopy at 20 months demonstrated healing of the colonic mucosa. At 22 months he is in sustained clinical remission receiving only infliximab. Because albinism with inflammatory bowel disease suggested Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, we performed genetic screening using next-generation sequencing in a targeted gene panel analysis for primary immunodeficiency disease and/or inflammatory bowel disease. The patient proved to have a compound heterozygous mutation of the HPS1 gene resulting in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1. CONCLUSIONS We consider this report to be the first account of type 1 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome with infantile-onset of inflammatory bowel disease. Early administration of infliximab was effective. We recommend next-generation sequencing for patients with very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease suspected to be monogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ishihara
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Mizuochi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Takashi Uchida
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yugo Takaki
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Konishi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Masahiko Joo
- Department of Pediatrics, Japan Community Healthcare Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Japan Community Healthcare Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yoshioka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hironori Kusano
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoji Sasahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yushiro Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
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Amininejad L, Charloteaux B, Theatre E, Liefferinckx C, Dmitrieva J, Hayard P, Muls V, Maisin JM, Schapira M, Ghislain JM, Closset P, Talib M, Abramowicz M, Momozawa Y, Deffontaine V, Crins F, Mni M, Karim L, Cambisano N, Ornemese S, Zucchi A, Minsart C, Deviere J, Hugot JP, De Vos M, Louis E, Vermeire S, Van Gossum A, Coppieters W, Twizere JC, Georges M, Franchimont D. Analysis of Genes Associated With Monogenic Primary Immunodeficiency Identifies Rare Variants in XIAP in Patients With Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:2165-2177. [PMID: 29501442 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A few rare monogenic primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation that resembles Crohn's disease (CD). We investigated whether 23 genes associated with 10 of these monogenic disorders contain common, low-frequency, or rare variants that increase risk for CD. METHODS Common and low frequency variants in 1 Mb loci centered on the candidate genes were analyzed using meta-data corresponding to genotypes of approximately 17,000 patients with CD or without CD (controls) in Europe. The contribution of rare variants was assessed by high-throughput sequencing of 4750 individuals, including 660 early-onset and/or familial cases among the 2390 patients with CD. Variants were expressed from vectors in SW480 or HeLa cells and functions of their products were analyzed in immunofluorescence, luciferase, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblot assays. RESULTS We reproduced the association of the interleukin 10 locus with CD (P = .007), although none of the significantly associated variants modified the coding sequence of interleukin 10. We found XIAP to be significantly enriched for rare coding mutations in patients with CD vs controls (P = .02). We identified 4 previously unreported missense variants associated with CD. Variants in XIAP cause the PID X-linked lymphoproliferative disease type 2, yet none of the carriers of these variants had all the clinical features of X-linked lymphoproliferative disease type 2. Identified XIAP variants S123N, R233Q, and P257A were associated with an impaired activation of NOD2 signaling after muramyl dipeptide stimulation. CONCLUSIONS In a systematic analysis of variants in 23 PID-associated genes, we confirmed the association of variants in XIAP with CD. Further screenings for CD-associated variants and analyses of their functions could increase our understanding of the relationship between PID-associated genes and CD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Amininejad
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology and Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Charloteaux
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée and Faculty of Veterinary Medecine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Emilie Theatre
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée and Faculty of Veterinary Medecine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Claire Liefferinckx
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology and Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julia Dmitrieva
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée and Faculty of Veterinary Medecine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Hayard
- Department of Gastroenterology Charleroi University Hospital, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Vincianne Muls
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marc Maisin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jolimont Hospital, La Louvière, Belgium
| | - Michael Schapira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jolimont Hospital, La Louvière, Belgium
| | | | - Pierre Closset
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ixelles Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mehdi Talib
- Department of Gastroenterology, Brugmann Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Abramowicz
- Department of Human genetics, Erasme hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée and Faculty of Veterinary Medecine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Valerie Deffontaine
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée and Faculty of Veterinary Medecine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - François Crins
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée and Faculty of Veterinary Medecine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Myriam Mni
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée and Faculty of Veterinary Medecine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Latifa Karim
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée and Faculty of Veterinary Medecine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée Genomics Platform, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nadine Cambisano
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée and Faculty of Veterinary Medecine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée Genomics Platform, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sandra Ornemese
- Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée Imaging Platform, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alessandro Zucchi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Minsart
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology and Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Deviere
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology and Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Hugot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U843, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Martine De Vos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Edouard Louis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sart Tilman Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Severine Vermeire
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medecine, Gastroenterology Section, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andre Van Gossum
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology and Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wouter Coppieters
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée and Faculty of Veterinary Medecine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée Genomics Platform, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Claude Twizere
- Laboratory of Protein Signalling and Interactions, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Georges
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée and Faculty of Veterinary Medecine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Denis Franchimont
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology and Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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10
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Abstract
Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) represents a unique and growing subset of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Some VEO-IBD patients present with immunodeficiency and possess loss of function genetic mutations involving immune pathways that cause their IBD. A search for Mendelian causes of IBD is likely most beneficial when the presentation involves extra-intestinal autoimmunity or involves intestinal histopathology that is atypical for IBD. While a subset of these young patients will have highly aggressive courses (and likely present with immunodeficiency), the majority of patients with VEO-IBD appear to have disease courses similar to that of their older counterparts. Most notably, many of these young children will require long courses of immunosuppression simply as a result of the profoundly early presentation-thus increasing their long-term risks of cancer and opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Moran
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, 175 Cambridge St, Suite 567, Boston, MA 02114.
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11
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Loredana Asztalos M, Schafernak KT, Gray J, Berry A, Paller AS, Mancini AJ. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: Report of two patients with updated genetic classification and management recommendations. Pediatr Dermatol 2017; 34:638-646. [PMID: 29044644 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in one of nine genes involved in the packaging and formation of specialized lysosomes, including melanosomes and platelet-dense granules. The cardinal features are pigmentary dilution, bleeding diathesis, and accumulation of ceroid-like material in reticuloendothelial cells. Pulmonary fibrosis induced by tissue damage is seen in the most severe forms, and one subtype is characterized by immunodeficiency. We describe two patients with HPS type 1 and review the updated gene-based classification, clinical features, and recommendations for evaluation and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Loredana Asztalos
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristian T Schafernak
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jayla Gray
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adam Berry
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy S Paller
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anthony J Mancini
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Two Complex Cases of Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome Highlight a Potential Biologic Explanation for an Associated Crohn's Disease Phenotype. ACG Case Rep J 2017; 4:e14. [PMID: 28144619 PMCID: PMC5247631 DOI: 10.14309/crj.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and a lack of dense granules in platelets. HPS types 1 and 4 are associated with a granulomatous enterocolitis that is phenotypically indistinguishable from Crohn's disease. We present two cases of HPS-associated Crohn's disease phenotype in which the patients were refractory to standard medical management. The pathophysiology of HPS is mediated by single-gene defects that alter endosome trafficking, and we hypothesize that this mechanism leads to the observed association with a CD phenotype.
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13
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Moran CJ, Klein C, Muise AM, Snapper SB. Very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease: gaining insight through focused discovery. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:1166-75. [PMID: 25895007 PMCID: PMC6165626 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is only partially understood. Strong evidence implicates a strong genetic component including high monozygotic twin concordance and familial disease phenotype concordance rates. Genome-wide association studies have identified associations between >160 genetic loci and the risk for developing IBD. The roles of implicated genes are largely immune-mediated, although other functions include cellular migration, oxidative stress, and carbohydrate metabolism. Additionally, growing literature describes monogenic causes of IBD that frequently present as infantile or very early-onset IBD. The interplay between IBD risk single nucleotide polymorphisms and rare genetic variants has yet to be determined. Studying patients with very early-onset IBD may elicit genetic factors that could be applied to broader populations of IBD. This review describes what is known about the genetic causes of very early-onset IBD and genetic strategies that may unravel more of the genetic causes of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Moran
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christoph Klein
- Dr von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Aleixo M. Muise
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott B. Snapper
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Weitz N, Patel V, Tlougan B, Mencin A, Kadenhe-Chiweshe A, Morel KD, Lauren C. Metastatic cutaneous involvement of granulomatous colitis in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30:e278-80. [PMID: 22471786 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2012.01728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, a hemorrhagic diathesis due to platelet dysfunction, and lysosomal ceroid accumulation that can cause a Crohn's-like granulomatous colitis and pulmonary fibrosis. We report peristomal and vulvar cutaneous involvement of the granulomatous colitis in HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Weitz
- School of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New YorkDepartment of Dermatology, Columbia University, New YorkDepartment of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New YorkDepartment of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York
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15
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Overlap, common features, and essential differences in pediatric granulomatous inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 51:690-7. [PMID: 20683205 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e3181dc0d73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Overlap in the clinical presentation of pediatric granulomatous inflammatory bowel disease may be substantial, depending on the mode of presentation. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) may present with granulomatous colitis, perianal abscesses, hepatic abscesses or granulomas, failure to thrive, and obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract (including esophageal strictures and dysmotility, delayed gastric emptying, and small bowel obstruction). Anemia, thrombocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and hypoalbuminemia are nonspecific and may occur in any of the granulomatous inflammatory bowel diseases. In histology, macrophages with cytoplasmic inclusions will be rather specific for CGD. Sarcoidosis may present with abdominal pain or discomfort, diarrhea, weight loss, growth failure, delayed puberty, erythema nodosum, arthritis, uveitis, and hepatic granulomata. Only in 55% of the patients will angiotensin-converting enzyme be elevated. The noncaseating epithelioid granulomata will be unspecific. Bronchoalveolar lymphocytosis and abnormalities in pulmonary function are reported in sarcoidosis and in Crohn disease (CD) and CGD. Importantly, patients with CD may present with granulomatous lung disease, fibrosing alveolitis, and drug-induced pneumonitis. Sarcoidosis and concomitant gastrointestinal CD have been reported in patients, as well as coexistence of CD and sarcoidosis in siblings. Common susceptibility loci have been identified in CD and sarcoidosis. CD and CGD share defects in the defense mechanisms against different microbes. In the present review, common features and essential differences are discussed in clinical presentation and diagnostics--including histology--in CGD, sarcoidosis, and CD, together with 2 other granulomatous inflammatory bowel diseases, namely abdominal tuberculosis and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Instructions for specific diagnosis and respective treatments are provided.
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16
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17
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Marks DJB, Rahman FZ, Sewell GW, Segal AW. Crohn's disease: an immune deficiency state. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2010; 38:20-31. [PMID: 19437144 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-009-8133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder primarily affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Its clinical manifestations arise from a substantial infiltration of the intestinal mucosa by activated leukocytes and the downstream consequences of chronic inflammation. The underlying cause driving this immunological reaction remains poorly understood. A number of hypotheses have been proposed, most of which postulate a primary over-activation of the immune response, based on the pathological appearances of active Crohn's lesions. Interestingly, none of these theories have been mechanistically proven. It is possible that the immunological events responsible for disease initiation are quite different from those contributing to its persistence and propagation. A substantial body of data has emerged in recent years to suggest that the primary defect in Crohn's disease is actually one of relative immunodeficiency. This review considers the evidence for such a phenomenon in contrast to alternative prevailing hypotheses and attempts to address some of the potential paradoxes that it generates.
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18
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is the largest lymphoid organ in the body containing T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Despite the fact that these cells are constantly confronted with antigen primarily in the form of food and bacteria, immune responses in the gut are tightly regulated to maintain homeostasis. Without this balance of active immunity and tolerance, mucosal inflammation may ensue, and manifest as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, pernicious anemia, or celiac sprue. Therefore, it is not unreasonable that inflammatory diseases of the gut are commonly encountered in patients with primary immune deficiencies. The exact pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases in the setting of primary immunodeficiency remains unknown, however, both humoral and cell-mediated immunity appear to play a role in preventing intestinal inflammation. Patients presenting with atypical gastrointestinal disease and/or failure to respond to conventional therapy should be evaluated for an underlying primary immune disorder in order to initiate appropriate treatment, such as immunoglobulin or in more severe cases bone marrow transplantation, to prevent long term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Agarwal
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
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19
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Complicated granulomatous colitis in a Japanese patient with Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome, successfully treated with infliximab. Clin J Gastroenterol 2009; 2:51-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s12328-008-0049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Rahman FZ, Marks DJB, Hayee BH, Smith AM, Bloom SL, Segal AW. Phagocyte dysfunction and inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14:1443-52. [PMID: 18421761 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are common chronic inflammatory disorders. The majority are idiopathic and can be broadly divided into Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Their cause is unknown, but most hypotheses focus on a primary role for T-cell dysfunction. Conversely, there is a collection of congenital disorders of phagocyte function that result not only in immunodeficiency but also in noninfectious inflammatory bowel disease. In all cases, the latter is strikingly reminiscent of the clinical and pathological features of Crohn's disease. This coincides with recent work demonstrating that despite previous emphasis on adaptive immune dysfunction, patients with Crohn's disease actually possess an unusually weak acute innate inflammatory response. This review consolidates the literature on inflammatory bowel disease in congenital immunodeficiencies and considers the role of phagocyte dysfunction in Crohn's disease. Concepts about pathogenesis and treatment that can be carried across these disorders are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Z Rahman
- Department of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Kouklakis G, Efremidou EI, Papageorgiou MS, Pavlidou E, Manolas KJ, Liratzopoulos N. Complicated Crohn's-like colitis, associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, treated with Infliximab: a case report and brief review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2007; 1:176. [PMID: 18067668 PMCID: PMC2222675 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-1-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/08/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder consisting of a triad of albinism, increased bleeding tendency secondary to platelet dysfunction, and systemic complications associated with ceroid depositions within the reticuloendothelial system. HPS has been associated with gastrointestinal (GI) complications related to chronic granulomatous colitis with pathologic features suggestive of Crohn's disease. This colitis can be severe and has been reported to be poorly responsive to medical therapies including antibiotics, corticosteroids, sulfasalazine, mesalamine and azathioprine. Case presentation We report a patient with HPS which was complicated by inflammatory bowel disease with clinical and pathologic features of Crohn's disease, refractory to antibiotics, corticosteroids and azathioprine. A trial of infliximab was attempted and repeated infusions produced a complete response. Conclusion The occurrence of ileitis and perianal lesions and also the histopathological findings in our case suggest that HPS and Crohn's disease may truly be associated. Given this similarity and the failure of the standard medical therapy of corticosteroids and azathioprine, our patient received infliximab with marked clinical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kouklakis
- First Department of Surgery of University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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22
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Abstract
In the past, Crohn’s disease (CD) has been understood primarily as an immunologic disorder characterized by an abnormal T-cell response. Recent in vitro and in vivo data suggests that CD may instead be precipitated by innate immune dysfunction resulting from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some reports have demonstrated a defective immune response in a variety of other cellular components, including neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells. Recent studies of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in CD, aiming to stimulate the innate immune system with the conception that an innate immune defect underlies the development of the disease, have been demonstrated a clinical benefit and reinforce this evolving understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus-K Yamamoto-Furusho
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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