1
|
Ramachandra SS, Abdal-Hay A, Han P, Lee RSB, Ivanovski S. Fabrication and characterization of a 3D polymicrobial microcosm biofilm model using melt electrowritten scaffolds. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 145:213251. [PMID: 36580768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The majority of current biofilm models or substrates are two-dimensional (2D) and support biofilm growth in the horizontal plane only. Three-dimensional (3D) substrates may support both horizontal and vertical biofilm growth. This study compared biofilm growth quantity and quality between highly porous 3D micrometric fibrous scaffolds and 2D film substrates fabricated from medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL). Melt electrowriting (MEW), a high-resolution additive manufacturing technology, was employed to design orderly aligned fine (~12 μm) fibre-based 3D scaffolds, while 2D films were fabricated by a casting method. The 3D scaffolds with a controlled pore size of 100 and 250 μm and thickness of ~0.8 mm and 2D films were incubated in pooled saliva collected from six volunteers for 1, 2, 4, 7 and 10 days at 37 °C to facilitate polymicrobial biofilm formation. Crystal violet assay demonstrated greater biofilm biomass in 3D MEW scaffolds than in 2D films. Biofilm thickness in 3D scaffolds was significantly higher compared to the biofilm thickness in 2D films. Both biovolume and substratum coverage of the biofilms was higher in the 3D scaffolds compared to 2D films. Polymeric bridges, pores, and channels characteristic of biofilms could be demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that the polymicrobial biofilms in the 3D scaffolds were able to retain 60-70 % of the original inoculum microbiome after 4 days. The MEW-fabricated 3D fibrous scaffold is a promising substrate for supporting multidirectional biofilm growth and modelling of a polymicrobial microcosm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Sulugodu Ramachandra
- School of Dentistry, Centre of Orofacial Regeneration, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (COR3), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdalla Abdal-Hay
- School of Dentistry, Centre of Orofacial Regeneration, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (COR3), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Engineering Materials and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt; Faculty of Industry and Energy Technology, Mechatronics Technology Program, New Cairo Technological University, New Cairo - Fifth Settlement, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Pingping Han
- School of Dentistry, Centre of Orofacial Regeneration, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (COR3), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ryan S B Lee
- School of Dentistry, Centre of Orofacial Regeneration, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (COR3), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, Centre of Orofacial Regeneration, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (COR3), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tan GR, Hsu CYS, Zhang Y. pH-Responsive Hybrid Nanoparticles for Imaging Spatiotemporal pH Changes in Biofilm-Dentin Microenvironments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:46247-46259. [PMID: 34570460 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Engineering highly sensitive nanomaterials to monitor spatiotemporal pH changes has rather broad applications in studying various biological systems. Intraoral/biofilm-tooth pH is the single parameter that has demonstrated accurate assessment of dental caries risk, reflecting the summative integrated outcome of the complicated interactions between three etiological factors, namely, microorganisms/biofilm, diet/carbohydrates, and tooth/saliva/host. However, there is little to no technology/system capable of accurately probing simultaneously both the micro-pH profiles in dentin tissues and acidogenic oral biofilms and examining the pathophysiologic acid attacks with high spatial/temporal resolution. Therefore, a highly sensitive pH-responsive hybrid nanoparticle (pH-NP) is developed and coupled with an ex vivo tooth-biofilm caries model to simulate and study the key cariogenic determinants/steps. The pH-NP emits two distinct fluorescences with mutually inversely proportional intensities that vary accordingly to the proximity pH and with a ratiometric output sensitivity of 13.4-fold across a broad clinically relevant pH range of 3.0-8.0. Using [H+], in addition to pH, to calculate the "area-under-curve" corroborates the "minimum-pH" in semiquantifying the demineralizing potential in each biofilm-dentin zones/depth. The data mechanistically elucidates a two-pronged cariogenic effect of a popular-acidic-sweet-drink, in inundating the biofilm/tooth-system with H+ ions from both the drink and the metabolic byproducts of the biofilm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Rong Tan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119085, Singapore
| | - Chin-Ying Stephen Hsu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119085, Singapore
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Biofilms are structured microbial communities adhered to surfaces that cause many human infections. The study of oral biofilms has revealed complex composition, spatial organization, and phenotypic/genotypic diversity of the resident microbiota at the various sites in the mouth. Yet, knowledge about the spatial arrangement, positioning, and function of the polymicrobial community across the intact biofilm architecture remains sparse. Using multiple length scale imaging and computational analysis, we discovered unique spatial designs comprising mixed interbacterial species and interkingdom communities within intact biofilms formed on teeth of toddlers with caries. Intriguing structural patterns ranging from intermixed communities with extensive coaggregation (including bacterial-fungal clustering) to spatially segregated species forming a multilayered architecture were found. Among them, a distinctive 3-dimensional structure exhibited densely clustered cariogenic pathogens that were surrounded by outer layers of mixed bacterial communities in juxtaposition, forming a highly ordered spatial organization. These findings are particularly relevant as we approach the postmicrobiome era whereby studying the spatial structure of the pathogen and commensal microbiota may be important for understanding the microbiome function at the infection site to coordinate the disease process in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Kim
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - H Koo
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdullah N, Al-Marzooq F, Mohamad S, Abd Rahman N, Chi Ngo H, Perera Samaranayake L. Intraoral appliances for in situ oral biofilm growth: a systematic review. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1647757. [PMID: 31489127 PMCID: PMC6713217 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1647757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral biofilms are the root cause of major oral diseases. As in vitro biofilms are not representative of the intraoral milieu, various devices have been manufactured over the years to develop Appliance Grown Oral Biofilm (AGOB). Objective: To review various intraoral appliances used to develop AGOB for microbiological analysis, and to judge the optimal means for such analyses. Design: Four databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Medline) were searched by two independent reviewers, and articles featuring the key words 'device' OR 'splint' OR 'appliance'; 'Oral biofilm' OR 'dental plaque'; 'in vivo' OR 'in situ'; 'Microbiology' OR 'Bacteria' OR 'microbiome'; were included. The standard Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) were adopted for data gathering. Results: Of the 517 articles which met the initial inclusion criteria, 24 were deemed eligible for review. The age of the AGOB, sampled at various intervals, ranged from 30 min to 28 days. The most commonly used microbiome analytical methods were fluorescence microscopy, total cell count using conventional, and molecular tools including Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platforms. Conclusions: No uniformly superior method for collecting AGOB could be discerned. NGS platforms are preferable for AGOB analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nizam Abdullah
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Farah Al-Marzooq
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Suharni Mohamad
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Normastura Abd Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Hien Chi Ngo
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Lakshman Perera Samaranayake
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Resistance of L. monocytogenes and S. Typhimurium towards Cold Atmospheric Plasma as Function of Biofilm Age. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8122702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The biofilm mode of growth protects bacterial cells against currently applied disinfection methods for abiotic (food) contact surfaces. Therefore, innovative methods, such as Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP), should be investigated for biofilm inactivation. However, more knowledge is required concerning the influence of the biofilm age on the inactivation efficacy in order to comment on a possible application of CAP in the (food) processing industry. L. monocytogenes and S. Typhimurium biofilms with five different ages (i.e., 1, 2, 3, 7, and 10 days) were developed. For the untreated biofilms, the total biofilm mass and the cell density were determined. To investigate the biofilm resistance towards CAP treatment, biofilms with different ages were treated for 10 min and the remaining cell density was determined. Finally, for the one-day old reference biofilms and the most resistant biofilm age, complete inactivation curves were developed to examine the influence of the biofilm age on the inactivation kinetics. For L. monocytogenes, an increased biofilm age resulted in (i) an increased biomass, (ii) a decreased cell density prior to CAP treatment, and (iii) an increased resistance towards CAP treatment. For S. Typhimurium, similar results were obtained, except for the biomass, which was here independent of the biofilm age.
Collapse
|
6
|
Quintas V, Prada-López I, Carreira MJ, Suárez-Quintanilla D, Balsa-Castro C, Tomás I. In Situ Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils with and without Alcohol on Oral Biofilm: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2162. [PMID: 29218030 PMCID: PMC5703870 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is little evidence on the in situ antibacterial activity of essential oils (EO) without alcohol. This study aimed to evaluate in situ the substantivity and antiplaque effect on the plaque-like biofilm (PL-biofilm) of two solutions, a traditional formulation that contains EO with alcohol (T-EO) and an alcohol-free formulation of EO (Af-EO). Eighteen healthy adults performed a single mouthwash of: T-EO, Af-EO, and sterile water (WATER) after wearing an individualized disk-holding splint for 2 days. The bacterial viability (BV) and thickness of the PL-biofilm were quantified at baseline, 30 s, and 1, 3, 5, and 7 h post-rinsing (Test 1). Subsequently, each volunteer wore the splint for 4 days, applying two daily mouthwashes of: T-EO, Af-EO, and WATER. The BV, thickness, and covering grade (CG) of the PL-biofilm were quantified (Test 2). Samples were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy after staining with the LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ solution. To conduct the computations of the BV automatically, a Matlab toolbox called Dentius Biofilm was developed. In test 1, both EO antiseptics had a similar antibacterial effect, reducing BV after a single rinse compared to the WATER, and keeping it below baseline levels up to 7 h post-rinse (P < 0.001). The mean thickness of the PL-biofilm after rinsing was not affected by any of the EO formulations and ranged from 18.58 to 20.19 μm. After 4 days, the T-EO and Af-EO solutions were significantly more effective than the WATER, reducing the BV, thickness, and CG of the PL-biofilm (P < 0.001). Although, both EO antiseptics presented a similar bactericidal activity, the Af-EO rinses led to more significant reductions in the thickness and CG of the PL-biofilm than the T-EO rinses (thickness = 7.90 vs. 9.92 μm, P = 0.012; CG = 33.36 vs. 46.61%, P = 0.001). In conclusion, both essential oils antiseptics had very high immediate antibacterial activity and substantivity in situ on the 2-day PL-biofilm after a single mouthwash. In the 4-day PL-biofilm, both essential oils formulations demonstrated a very good antiplaque effect in situ, although the alcohol-free formula performed better at reducing the biofilm thickness and covering grade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Quintas
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Isabel Prada-López
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María J Carreira
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías da Información, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Suárez-Quintanilla
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Balsa-Castro
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Tomás
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Henkel K, Altenburger MJ, Auwärter V, Neukamm MA. Full validation of a method for the determination of drugs of abuse in non-mineralized dental biofilm using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and application to postmortem samples. Talanta 2017; 176:360-366. [PMID: 28917762 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alternative matrices play a major role in postmortem forensic toxicology, especially if common matrices (like body fluids or hair) are not available. Incorporation of illicit and medicinal drugs into non-mineralized dental biofilm (plaque) seems likely but has not been investigated so far. Analysis of plaque could therefore extend the spectrum of potentially used matrices in postmortem toxicology. For this reason, a rapid, simple and sensitive method for the extraction, determination and quantification of ten drugs of abuse from plaque using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and fully validated. Amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), cocaine, benzoylecgonine, morphine, codeine and 6-acetylmorphine were extracted from 2mg of dried and powdered plaque via ultrasonication with acetonitrile. The extracts were analyzed on a triple-quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer in scheduled multiple reaction monitoring mode (sMRM). The method was fully validated and proved accurate, precise, selective and specific with satisfactory linearity within the calibrated ranges. The lower limit of quantification was 10-15pgmg-1 for all compounds except for MDA (100pgmg-1) and amphetamine (200pgmg-1). The method has been successfully applied to three authentic postmortem samples with known drug history. Amphetamine, MDMA, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, morphine and codeine could be detected in these cases in concentrations ranging from 18pgmg-1 for cocaine to 1400pgmg-1 for amphetamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Henkel
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 9, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Hermann Staudinger Graduate School, University of Freiburg, Hebelstr. 27, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus J Altenburger
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Volker Auwärter
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 9, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Merja A Neukamm
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 9, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Paquet-Mercier F, Parvinzadeh Gashti M, Bellavance J, Taghavi SM, Greener J. Through thick and thin: a microfluidic approach for continuous measurements of biofilm viscosity and the effect of ionic strength. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4710-4717. [PMID: 27808313 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01101b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Continuous, non-intrusive measurements of time-varying viscosity of Pseudomonas sp. biofilms are made using a microfluidic method that combines video tracking with a semi-empirical viscous flow model. The approach uses measured velocity and height of tracked biofilm segments, which move under the constant laminar flow of a nutrient solution. Following a low viscosity growth stage, rapid thickening was observed. During this stage, viscosity increased by over an order of magnitude in less than ten hours. The technique was also demonstrated as a promising platform for parallel experiments by subjecting multiple biofilm-laden microchannels to nutrient solutions containing NaCl in the range of 0 to 34 mM. Preliminary data suggest a strong relationship between ionic strength and biofilm properties, such as average viscosity and rapid thickening onset time. The technique opens the way for a combinatorial approach to study the response of biofilm viscosity under well-controlled physical, chemical and biological growth conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Paquet-Mercier
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | | | - J Bellavance
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - S M Taghavi
- Département de Génie Chimique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - J Greener
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sands KM, Wilson MJ, Lewis MAO, Wise MP, Palmer N, Hayes AJ, Barnes RA, Williams DW. Respiratory pathogen colonization of dental plaque, the lower airways, and endotracheal tube biofilms during mechanical ventilation. J Crit Care 2016; 37:30-37. [PMID: 27621110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In mechanically ventilated patients, the endotracheal tube is an essential interface between the patient and ventilator, but inadvertently, it also facilitates the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) by subverting pulmonary host defenses. A number of investigations suggest that bacteria colonizing the oral cavity may be important in the etiology of VAP. The present study evaluated microbial changes that occurred in dental plaque and lower airways of 107 critically ill mechanically ventilated patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dental plaque and lower airways fluid was collected during the course of mechanical ventilation, with additional samples of dental plaque obtained during the entirety of patients' hospital stay. RESULTS A "microbial shift" occurred in dental plaque, with colonization by potential VAP pathogens, namely, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 35 patients. Post-extubation analyses revealed that 70% and 55% of patients whose dental plaque included S aureus and P aeruginosa, respectively, reverted back to having a predominantly normal oral microbiota. Respiratory pathogens were also isolated from the lower airways and within the endotracheal tube biofilms. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study to date exploring oral microbial changes during both mechanical ventilation and after recovery from critical illness. Based on these findings, it was apparent that during mechanical ventilation, dental plaque represents a source of potential VAP pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty M Sands
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
| | - Melanie J Wilson
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Michael A O Lewis
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Matt P Wise
- Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Nicki Palmer
- Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Anthony J Hayes
- Bioimaging Hub, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Rosemary A Barnes
- Cardiff Institute of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - David W Williams
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Prada-López I, Quintas V, Vilaboa C, Suárez-Quintanilla D, Tomás I. Devices for In situ Development of Non-disturbed Oral Biofilm. A Systematic Review. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1055. [PMID: 27486437 PMCID: PMC4949230 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this review was to assess the types of devices used for in situ development of oral biofilm analyzed microbiologically. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify all in situ studies of oral biofilm which used an oral device; the Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE databases complemented with manual search were used. Specific devices used to microbiologically analyze oral biofilm in adults were included. After reading of the selected full texts, devices were identified and classified according to the oral cavity zone and manufacturing material. The “ideal” characteristics were analyzed in every group. Results: The search provided 787 abstracts, of which 111 papers were included. The devices used in these studies were classified as palatal, lingual or buccal. The last group was sub-classified in six groups based on the material of the device. Considering the analyzed characteristics, the thermoplastic devices and the Intraoral Device of Overlaid Disk-holding Splints (IDODS) presented more advantages than limitations. Conclusions: Buccal devices were the most commonly used for the study of in situ biofilm. The majority of buccal devices seemed to slightly affect the volunteer's comfort, the IDODS being the closest to the “ideal” model. Clinical Relevance: New devices for in situ oral biofilm microbiological studies should take into account the possible effect of their design on the volunteer's comfort and biofilm formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Prada-López
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela La Coruña, Spain
| | - Víctor Quintas
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela La Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Vilaboa
- Dental Prosthesis Laboratory, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela La Coruña, Spain
| | - David Suárez-Quintanilla
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela La Coruña, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Tomás
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela La Coruña, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rmaile A, Carugo D, Capretto L, Wharton JA, Thurner PJ, Aspiras M, Ward M, De Jager M, Stoodley P. An experimental and computational study of the hydrodynamics of high-velocity water microdrops for interproximal tooth cleaning. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 46:148-57. [PMID: 25792412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The flow field and local hydrodynamics of high-velocity water microdrops impacting the interproximal (IP) space of typodont teeth were studied experimentally and computationally. Fourteen-day old Streptococcus mutans biofilms in the IP space were treated by a prototype AirFloss delivering 115 µL of water at a maximum exit-velocity of 60 ms(-1) in a 33-ms burst. Using high-speed imaging, footage was generated showing the details of the burst, and demonstrating the removal mechanism of the biofilms. Footage was also generated to characterize the viscoelastic behavior of the biofilms when impacted by an air-only burst, which was compared to the water burst. Image analysis demonstrated the importance of fluid forces on the removal pattern of interdental biofilms. X-ray micro-Computed Tomography (µ-CT) was used to obtain 3D images of the typodont and the IP spaces. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to study the effect of changing the nozzle position and design on the hydrodynamics within the IP space. Results confirmed our previous data regarding the wall shear stress generated by high-velocity water drops which dictated the efficacy of biofilm detachment. Finally, we showed how CFD models could be used to optimize water drop or burst design towards a more effective biofilm removal performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rmaile
- nCATS, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment (FEE), University of Southampton, UK.
| | - D Carugo
- Bioengineering Science Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment (FEE), University of Southampton, UK
| | - L Capretto
- Bioengineering Science Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment (FEE), University of Southampton, UK
| | - J A Wharton
- nCATS, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment (FEE), University of Southampton, UK
| | - P J Thurner
- Bioengineering Science Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment (FEE), University of Southampton, UK
| | - M Aspiras
- Philips Oral Healthcare Inc. (POH), Bothell, WA, USA
| | - M Ward
- Philips Oral Healthcare Inc. (POH), Bothell, WA, USA
| | - M De Jager
- Philips Research, Oral Healthcare Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - P Stoodley
- nCATS, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment (FEE), University of Southampton, UK; Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Departments of Microbial Infection and Immunity, and Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Konaté K, Zerbo P, Ouédraogo M, Dibala CI, Adama H, Sytar O, Brestic M, Barro N. Anti-nociceptive properties in rodents and the possibility of using polyphenol-rich fractions from sida urens L. (Malvaceae) against of dental caries bacteria. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2013; 12:14. [PMID: 23787152 PMCID: PMC3699430 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-12-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sida urens L. (Malvaceae) is in flora of Asian medicinal herbs and used traditionally in West of Burkina Faso for the treatment of infectious diseases and particularly used against, dental caries bacteria, fever, pain and possesses analgesic properties. This study was conducted to reveal the antibacterial effect against dental caries bacteria on the one hand, and evaluate their analgesic capacity in experimental model with Swiss mice and on the other hand, with an aim to provide a scientific basis for the traditional use of this plant for the management of dental caries bacteria. Method The antibacterial assays in this study were performed by using inhibition zone diameters, MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (Minimal bactericidal concentration) methods. On the whole the dental caries bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains) were used. Negative control was prepared using discs impregnated with 10% DMSO in water and commercially available Gentamicin from Alkom Laboratories LTD was used as positive reference standards for all bacterial strains. In acute toxicity test, mice received doses of extract (acetone/water extract) from Sida urens L. by intraperitoneal route and LD50 was determined in Swiss mice. As for analgesic effects, acetic acid writhing method was used in mice. The acetic acid-induced writhing method was used in mice with aim to study analgesic effects. Results The results showed that the highest antibacterial activities were founded with the polyphenol-rich fractions against all bacterial strains compared to the standard antibiotic. About preliminary study in acute toxicity test, LD50 value obtained was more than 5000 mg/kg b.w. Polyphenol-rich fractions produced significant analgesic effects in acetic acid-induced writhing method and in a dose-dependent inhibition was observed. Conclusion These results validate the ethno-botanical use of Sida urens L. (Malvaceae) and demonstrate the potential of this herbaceous as a potential antibacterial agent of dental caries that could be effectively used for future health care purposes.
Collapse
|
13
|
Janjaroen D, Ling FQ, Monroy G, Derlon N, Morgenroth E, Boppart SA, Liu WT, Nguyen TH. Roles of ionic strength and biofilm roughness on adhesion kinetics of Escherichia coli onto groundwater biofilm grown on PVC surfaces. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:2531-42. [PMID: 23497979 PMCID: PMC3922059 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of Escherichia coli attachment on biofilms grown on PVC coupons were investigated. Biofilms were grown in CDC reactors using groundwater as feed solution over a period up to 27 weeks. Biofilm physical structure was characterized at the micro- and meso-scales using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), respectively. Microbial community diversity was analyzed with Terminal Restricted Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP). Both physical structure and microbial community diversity of the biofilms were shown to be changing from 2 weeks to 14 weeks, and became relatively stable after 16 weeks. A parallel plate flow chamber coupled with an inverted fluorescent microscope was also used to monitor the attachment of fluorescent microspheres and E. coli on clean PVC surfaces and biofilms grown on PVC surfaces for different ages. Two mechanisms of E. coli attachment were identified. The adhesion rate coefficients (kd) of E. coli on nascent PVC surfaces and 2-week biofilms increased with ionic strength. However, after biofilms grew for 8 weeks, the adhesion was found to be independent of solution chemistry. Instead, a positive correlation between kd and biofilm roughness as determined by OCT was obtained, indicating that the physical structure of biofilms could play an important role in facilitating the adhesion of E. coli cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dao Janjaroen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abudiak H, Robinson C, Duggal MS, Strafford S, Toumba KJ. Effect of fluoride sustained slow-releasing device on fluoride, phosphate and calcium levels in plaque biofilms over time measured using ion chromatography. J Dent 2012; 40:632-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
15
|
|
16
|
Effect of ZnCl2 on plaque growth and biofilm vitality. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 57:369-75. [PMID: 22071420 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ZnCl(2) on plaque-growth and vitality pattern of dental biofilm and to determine the optimum zinc concentration for the inhibition of plaque formation. DESIGN Data were collected from nine volunteers for whom a special-designed acrylic appliance was prescribed after a careful dental check up. The volunteers rinsed twice daily for 2min with ZnCl(2) of 2.5, 5, 10, 20mM as treatment and double distilled water (DDW) as control in respective assigned test weeks. The plaque index (PI) was assessed after 48h of appliance wearing. The glass discs with the adhered biofilm were removed from the splints and stained with two fluorescent dyes. The biofilm thickness (BT) and bacterial vitality of the whole biofilm as well as the mean bacterial vitality (BV) of the inner, middle and outer layers of biofilm were evaluated under confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). RESULTS PI, BT and BV of biofilms treated by various concentrations of ZnCl(2) were reduced significantly when compared with the DDW group (p<0.05). PI, BT and BV of the 2.5mM ZnCl(2) group was significantly higher than groups of 5, 10, 20mM ZnCl(2) (p<0.05). The mean BV of the 3 layers (inner, middle and outer layers) showed that 2.5mM ZnCl(2) was the lowest concentration to inhibit BV in the outer layer, 5mM was the lowest concentration to extend this inhibition of BV to the middle layer, and none of the concentrations investigated in this study has shown any effect on bacteria inhibition in the inner layer. CONCLUSION Zinc ions exhibited possible inhibitory effects on plaque formation, and have a promising potential to be used as an antibacterial agent in future dentifrices and mouthrinses.
Collapse
|
17
|
Mass transfer of therapeutics through natural human plaque biofilms. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:829-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
Abudiak H, Robinson C, Duggal MS, Strafford S, Toumba KJ. The effect of fluoride slow-releasing devices on fluoride in plaque biofilms and saliva: a randomised controlled trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2011; 12:163-6. [PMID: 21640062 DOI: 10.1007/bf03262799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of the fluoride sustained slow-releasing device (FSSRD) on F levels in unstimulated saliva and undisturbed plaque biofilms over 7 days. The investigation also aimed at studying the effect of patient age on fluoride (F) concentrations in dental plaque biofilms and unstimulated saliva while using the FSSRD. STUDY DESIGN This was a randomised control double blind cross-over study. METHODS Sixty-five participants between the ages of 6-35 years took part in this study. The mean age of all the participants was 19.22 years with 24 participants aged between 6-16 years (mean age=11.8 years) and 41 participants aged between 16-35 years (mean age=23.57 years). Plaque biofilms were collected using a modification of the plaque generating device (MPGD) [Robinson et al., 1997]. During the whole study period, including a 7 day washout period before the first leg, all participants were asked to use only non-fluoridated toothpaste and to avoid where possible high fluoride containing foods or drinks. Whenever possible, the FSSRD/placebo device (PD) was attached to the second permanent molar, while the MPGD was attached to the first permanent molars in the same upper dental quadrant. At the end of each leg of the study whole, mixed unstimulated saliva was collected from all participants and analysed for F concentration. STATISTICS Statistical analysis using paired sample t-test was used to compare the results of F level between test and control groups, while, Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between patient's age and plaque weight against F concentration in plaque and saliva. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in F concentration in plaque and saliva between the test and control groups when analysed using paired sample t-test (p>0.05). There was no correlation between patient's age and F concentration in dental plaque and saliva (p>0.05), in both the test and control groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed no effect of the FSSRD in raising F concentrations in dental plaque and unstimulated whole saliva after 7 days. Such levels may require longer periods to become established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Abudiak
- Dr H. Abudiak, Dept Paediatric Dentistry, Leeds Dental Institute, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9LU, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Al-Ahmad A, Wunder A, Auschill TM, Follo M, Braun G, Hellwig E, Arweiler NB. The in vivo dynamics of Streptococcus spp., Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Veillonella spp. in dental plaque biofilm as analysed by five-colour multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:681-687. [PMID: 17446294 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation and composition of dental plaque biofilm in vivo are important factors which influence the development of gingivitis, caries and periodontitis. Studying dental plaque biofilm in in vitro models can cause an oversimplification of the real conditions in the oral cavity. In this study, bovine enamel slabs were fixed in an individual acrylic appliance in situ to quantify dental plaque formation and composition using multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Each of the five oligonucleotide probes used for FISH was specific for either eubacteria or one of four frequently isolated bacterial constituents belonging to early and late colonizers of tooth surfaces. The thickness of formed biofilm increased from 14.9+/-5.0 microm after 1 day to 49.3+/-11.6 microm after 7 days. Streptococcus spp. were predominant in 1-day-old dental plaque and decreased significantly after 7 days (P=0.0061). Compared to the first day, Fusobacterium nucleatum decreased after 2 days and increased significantly after 7 days (P=0.0006). The decreases of Actinomyces naeslundii content on day 2 and day 7 were significant (P=0.0028). Changes in Veillonella spp. were not significant during the study period (P >0.05). The results showed that an in vivo observation period of 7 days was required to detect significant changes in Streptococcus spp. and F. nucleatum. The multiplex FISH used is suitable for analysing the dynamics of four important bacterial constituents in the oral biofilm in epidemiological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Axel Wunder
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Marie Follo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Core Facility, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Braun
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Birgit Arweiler
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|