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Wenclawiak JT, Weinstein JE, Key PB, Plante CJ, Beckingham BA. Effects of Vibrio vulnificus and Microcystis aeruginosa co-exposures on microplastic accumulation and depuration in the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 359:124558. [PMID: 39029861 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, and bivalves such as the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) can accumulate these particles directly from the water column. Bivalves are concurrently exposed to pathogenic and toxin-producing bacteria, including Vibrio spp. and Microcystis spp., which have been shown to adversely impact filtration rates. Exposure to these bacteria could thus affect oysters' ability to accumulate and depurate microplastics. As climate change creates conditions that favor Vibrio spp. and Microcystis spp. growth in estuaries, it is increasingly important to understand how these co-occurring biotic stressors influence microplastic contamination in bivalves. The objective of this study was to examine how co-exposures to Vibrio vulnificus and Microcystis aeruginosa influence microplastic accumulation and depuration in Eastern oysters. Oysters were exposed to nylon microplastics (5000 particles L-1) and either V. vulnificus, M. aeruginosa, or both species (104 colony-forming units or cells mL-1, respectively) and sampled over time up to 96 h. Following exposure, remaining oysters were allowed to depurate in clean seawater and sampled over time for up to 96 h. Microplastic concentrations in oysters were quantified and compared among treatments, and rate constants for uptake (ku) and depuration (kd) were calculated using nonlinear regression and two-compartment kinetic models. Overall, microplastic concentrations in oysters exposed to V. vulnificus (X‾ = 2.885 ± 0.350 (SE) particles g-1 w.w.) and V. vulnificus with M. aeruginosa (X‾ = 3.089 ± 0.481 particles g-1 w.w.) were higher than oysters exposed to M. aeruginosa (X‾ = 1.540 ± 0.235 particles g-1 w.w.) and to microplastics alone (X‾ = 1.599 ± 0.208 particles g-1 w.w.). Characterizing microplastic accumulation and depuration in oysters co-exposed to these biotic stressors is an important first step in understanding how contaminant loads in bivalves can change. With this research, the efficacy of depuration for commonly-consumed seafood species can be estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T Wenclawiak
- Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, 205 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA.
| | - John E Weinstein
- Department of Biology, The Citadel, Military College of South Carolina, 171 Moultrie Street, Charleston, SC, 29409, USA
| | - Peter B Key
- National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Craig J Plante
- Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, 205 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Barbara A Beckingham
- Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, College of Charleston, 66 George Street, Charleston, SC, 29424, USA
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Dželalija M, Fredotović Ž, Udiković-Kolić N, Kalinić H, Jozić S, Šamanić I, Ordulj M, Maravić A. Large-Scale Biogeographical Shifts of Abundance of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Marine Bacterial Communities as Their Carriers along a Trophic Gradient. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:654. [PMID: 38203824 PMCID: PMC10779287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of marine environments in the global spread of antibiotic resistance still remains poorly understood, leaving gaps in the One Health-based research framework. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) encoding resistance to five major antibiotic classes, including sulfonamides (sul1, sul2), tetracyclines (tetA, tetB), β-lactams (blaCTX-M, blaTEMblaVIM), macrolides (ermB, mphA), aminoglycosides (aac3-2), and integrase gene (intl1) were quantified by RT-qPCR, and their distribution was investigated in relation to environmental parameters and the total bacterial community in bottom layer and surface waters of the central Adriatic (Mediterranean), over a 68 km line from the wastewater-impacted estuary to coastal and pristine open sea. Seasonal changes (higher in winter) were observed for antibiotic resistance frequency and the relative abundances of ARGs, which were generally higher in eutrophic coastal areas. In particular, intl1, followed by blaTEM and blaVIM, were strongly associated with anthropogenic influence and Gammaproteobacteria as their predominant carriers. Water column stratification and geographic location had a significant influence on ARGs distribution in the oligotrophic zone, where the bacterial community exhibited a seasonal shift from Gammaproteobacteria in winter to Marine group II in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Dželalija
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.D.); (Ž.F.); (I.Š.)
| | - Željana Fredotović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.D.); (Ž.F.); (I.Š.)
| | - Nikolina Udiković-Kolić
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Hrvoje Kalinić
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Slaven Jozić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Ivica Šamanić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.D.); (Ž.F.); (I.Š.)
| | - Marin Ordulj
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Ana Maravić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.D.); (Ž.F.); (I.Š.)
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3
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Dželalija M, Kvesić-Ivanković M, Jozić S, Ordulj M, Kalinić H, Pavlinović A, Šamanić I, Maravić A. Marine resistome of a temperate zone: Distribution, diversity, and driving factors across the trophic gradient. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 246:120688. [PMID: 37806125 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Marine and ocean environments are the most widespread habitats in the world but are still the least studied from the aspect of antibiotic resistance. The indigenous and tetracycline (TET)- and sulfamethoxazole (SXT)-resistant planktonic bacterial communities were simultaneously investigated for the first time along a trophic gradient of a temperate zone, regarding their taxonomic and functional structures as well as biotic and abiotic factors affecting their dynamics as vehicles of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), thus impacting the ARGs distribution at seasonal and spatial scales. A total of 80 microbiomes, recovered seasonally from bottom layer and surface waters along a 68-km transect from wastewater-impacted estuary to coastal and pristine open sea in the central Adriatic (Mediterranean Sea), were analysed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, PICRUSt2 bioinformatics and extensive biostatistics. Eighty-one bacterial phyla were identified, with majority (n = 49) in summer when communities were found to be more species enriched across the gradient. Microbial diversity was more site-specific and pronounced in surface microbiomes in winter. Nevertheless, both richness and community diversity decreased with distance from the coast. Although the microbiomes from human-influenced sites significantly differed from those in oligotrophic offshore area, Proteobacteria were still the most abundant phylum during both seasons at the surface and seabed along the gradient, and the major contributors to the marine resistome regarding native and TET- and SXT-resistant microbial communities. Resistome structure was more diverse in winter, whereas peptide, vancomycin and multidrug resistance modules predominated regardless of season, trophic status, or antibiotic. However, multidrug, beta-lactam resistance modules as well as macrolide, phenicol, aminoglycoside, and particularly imipenem resistance genes were much more frequent in winter, suggesting that the diversity of indigenous resistomes is highly dependent on seasonal variations of the water column, driven by thermohaline stratification and nutrients. Moreover, several pathogenic genera stood out as important carriers of multiple resistance traits in TET- and SXT-related resistomes in both seasons, particularly Acinetobacter, Vibrio, Bacillus and Pseudomonas, beside which Proteus, Serratia and Bacteroides prevailed in native resistomes. This study evidenced seasonal and spatial variations of the marine microbiome and resistome and their driving forces along the trophic gradient, providing a comprehensive insight into the diversity and distribution of antibiotic resistance in the marine ecosystem of a temperate zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Dželalija
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marija Kvesić-Ivanković
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 31, 21000 Split, Croatia; Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Slaven Jozić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište Ivana Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marin Ordulj
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Kalinić
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Antonio Pavlinović
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivica Šamanić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Maravić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia.
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4
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Pattis I, Weaver L, Burgess S, Ussher JE, Dyet K. Antimicrobial Resistance in New Zealand-A One Health Perspective. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060778. [PMID: 35740184 PMCID: PMC9220317 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing global threat that affects human, animal and, often less acknowledged, environmental health. This complex issue requires a multisectoral One Health approach to address the interconnectedness of humans, animals and the natural environment. The prevalence of AMR in these reservoirs varies widely among countries and thus often requires a country-specific approach. In New Zealand (NZ), AMR and antimicrobial usage in humans are relatively well-monitored and -understood, with high human use of antimicrobials and the frequency of resistant pathogens increasing in hospitals and the community. In contrast, on average, NZ is a low user of antimicrobials in animal husbandry systems with low rates of AMR in food-producing animals. AMR in New Zealand’s environment is little understood, and the role of the natural environment in AMR transmission is unclear. Here, we aimed to provide a summary of the current knowledge on AMR in NZ, addressing all three components of the One Health triad with a particular focus on environmental AMR. We aimed to identify knowledge gaps to help develop research strategies, especially towards mitigating AMR in the environment, the often-neglected part of the One Health triad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Pattis
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd., Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Louise Weaver
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd., Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Sara Burgess
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - James E Ussher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Kristin Dyet
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd., Porirua 5022, New Zealand
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5
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Abd El Ghany M, Barquist L, Clare S, Brandt C, Mayho M, Joffre´ E, Sjöling Å, Turner AK, Klena JD, Kingsley RA, Hill-Cawthorne GA, Dougan G, Pickard D. Functional analysis of colonization factor antigen I positive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli identifies genes implicated in survival in water and host colonization. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000554. [PMID: 34110281 PMCID: PMC8461466 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) expressing the colonization pili CFA/I are common causes of diarrhoeal infections in humans. Here, we use a combination of transposon mutagenesis and transcriptomic analysis to identify genes and pathways that contribute to ETEC persistence in water environments and colonization of a mammalian host. ETEC persisting in water exhibit a distinct RNA expression profile from those growing in richer media. Multiple pathways were identified that contribute to water survival, including lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and stress response regulons. The analysis also indicated that ETEC growing in vivo in mice encounter a bottleneck driving down the diversity of colonizing ETEC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz Abd El Ghany
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lars Barquist
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Clare
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI), the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cordelia Brandt
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI), the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Mayho
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI), the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Enrique Joffre´
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Keith Turner
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI), the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - John D. Klena
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert A. Kingsley
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI), the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Gordon Dougan
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI), the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Derek Pickard
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI), the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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6
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Orruño M, Parada C, Kaberdin VR, Arana I. The Effect of Visible Light on Cell Envelope Subproteome during Vibrio harveyi Survival at 20 °C in Seawater. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030594. [PMID: 33805730 PMCID: PMC8001661 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of Vibrio spp. belong to the well-studied model organisms used to understand the strategies developed by marine bacteria to cope with adverse conditions (starvation, suboptimal temperature, solar radiation, etc.) in their natural environments. Temperature and nutrient availability are considered to be the key factors that influence Vibrio harveyi physiology, morphology, and persistence in aquatic systems. In contrast to the well-studied effects of temperature and starvation on Vibrio survival, little is known about the impact of visible light able to cause photooxidative stress. Here we employ V. harveyi ATCC 14126T as a model organism to analyze and compare the survival patterns and changes in the protein composition of its cell envelope during the long-term permanence of this bacterium in seawater microcosm at 20 °C in the presence and absence of illumination with visible light. We found that V. harveyi exposure to visible light reduces cell culturability likely inducing the entry into the Viable but Non Culturable state (VBNC), whereas populations maintained in darkness remained culturable for at least 21 days. Despite these differences, the starved cells in both populations underwent morphological changes by reducing their size. Moreover, further proteomic analysis revealed a number of changes in the composition of cell envelope potentially accountable for the different adaptation pattern manifested in the absence and presence of visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Orruño
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48340 Leioa, Spain; (M.O.); (C.P.); (V.R.K.)
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Spain
| | - Claudia Parada
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48340 Leioa, Spain; (M.O.); (C.P.); (V.R.K.)
| | - Vladimir R. Kaberdin
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48340 Leioa, Spain; (M.O.); (C.P.); (V.R.K.)
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Inés Arana
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48340 Leioa, Spain; (M.O.); (C.P.); (V.R.K.)
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Rouse NM, Counihan KL, Goertz CEC, Duddleston KN. Competency of common northern sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) prey items to harbor Streptococcus lutetiensis and S. phocae. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2021; 143:69-78. [PMID: 33570041 DOI: 10.3354/dao03562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus lutetiensis and S. phocae have been associated with significant morbidity and mortality in northern sea otters Enhydra lutris kenyoni in Alaska, USA, but the route and mechanism(s) of transmission remain unknown. The goal of this study was to determine the competence of common northern sea otter prey to harbor 2 species of pathogenic Streptococcus bacteria. Prey items (bay mussels Mytilus trossulus, butter clams Saxidomus giganteus, Dungeness crab Metacarcinus magister and black turban snails Tegula funebralis) were exposed to known concentrations of exponential phase cultures of S. lutetiensis and S. phocae in seawater for 24 h. A quantitative PCR assay was developed targeting the sodA gene of both S. lutetiensis and S. phocae to quantify DNA in the prey samples. Results (mean ± SD) revealed that butter clams had the highest concentration of bacteria (4.32 × 107 ± 8.20 × 106 CFU ml-1 of S. lutetiensis, 1.20 × 108 ± 2.08 × 107 CFU ml-1 of S. phocae), followed by mussels (4.26 × 107 ± 1.66 × 107 CFU ml-1, 1.16 × 108 ± 5.39 × 107 CFU ml-1), snails (1.90 × 107 ± 5.26 × 106 CFU ml-1, 5.97 × 107 ± 2.07 × 107 CFU ml-1) and crab (1.46 × 107 ± 0 CFU ml-1, 1.64 × 107 ± 0 CFU ml-1). All prey species harbored higher concentrations of S. phocae than S. lutetiensis.
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8
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Carneiro MT, Perez DV, Feitosa RC, Wasserman JC. Separation of Escherichia coli from natural samples for identification of sources and microcosm inoculation. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:2015-2020. [PMID: 32920714 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obtaining uncultured Escherichia coli from natural waters is an important step in the study of microbes in the environment, which are critical for bacterial decay and microbial source tracking. The quality of the samples used can influence the assays, because high contaminant concentrations, differing cell ages, and physiologic states can impair results. The proposed separation is based on a three-step filtration method applied to replicates of seven samples from a sewage plant affluent, collected in different periods. Aliquots of the leachate were inoculated into microcosms, aiming to observe the cultivability of the cells. The assay resulted in colimetry values ranging between 104 and 105 cells. In the leachate, averages of 1.05% of total coliforms and 1.10% of Escherichia coli were recovered from original samples. Although enduring unfavorable temperatures, salinities, and nutritional conditions, the inoculated microcosm populations grew approximately 310 times after 24 h. The final leachate contained cultivable cells in appropriate physiological states and quantities for inoculum in microcosm sets. The bacteria obtained from the leachate were also appropriate for surveys of microbial source tracking, because, in the developed procedure, organisms were separated from contaminants, while cell concentrations were sufficient for inocula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Tavares Carneiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas de Gestão Sustentáveis, Escola de Engenharia UFF, Niterói, Brazil.,Departamento de Saneamento, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Julio Cesar Wasserman
- Network for the Environment and Sustainable Development and Post-Graduation Program in Geochemistry, University Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil. .,Network for the Environment and Sustainable Development, Institute of Geosciences, Av Litorânea, s/n, Boa Viagem, Niterói, RJ, CEP 24.210-346, Brazil.
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9
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Fouz N, Pangesti KNA, Yasir M, Al-Malki AL, Azhar EI, Hill-Cawthorne GA, Abd El Ghany M. The Contribution of Wastewater to the Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment: Implications of Mass Gathering Settings. Trop Med Infect Dis 2020; 5:tropicalmed5010033. [PMID: 32106595 PMCID: PMC7157536 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the major issue posing a serious global health threat. Low- and middle-income countries are likely to be the most affected, both in terms of impact on public health and economic burden. Recent studies highlighted the role of resistance networks on the transmission of AMR organisms, with this network being driven by complex interactions between clinical (e.g., human health, animal husbandry and veterinary medicine) and other components, including environmental factors (e.g., persistence of AMR in wastewater). Many studies have highlighted the role of wastewater as a significant environmental reservoir of AMR as it represents an ideal environment for AMR bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs) to persist. Although the treatment process can help in removing or reducing the ARB load, it has limited impact on ARGs. ARGs are not degradable; therefore, they can be spread among microbial communities in the environment through horizontal gene transfer, which is the main resistance mechanism in most Gram-negative bacteria. Here we analysed the recent literature to highlight the contribution of wastewater to the emergence, persistence and transmission of AMR under different settings, particularly those associated with mass gathering events (e.g., Hajj and Kumbh Mela).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Fouz
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Krisna N. A. Pangesti
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.N.A.P.); (G.A.H.-C.)
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.Y.); (E.I.A.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman L. Al-Malki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.Y.); (E.I.A.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Grant A. Hill-Cawthorne
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.N.A.P.); (G.A.H.-C.)
| | - Moataz Abd El Ghany
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia;
- The Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- The Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Correspondence: or
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10
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Collin B, Hernroth B. Experimental evaluation of survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in fertilized cold-water sediment. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:75-84. [PMID: 32086873 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This experimental study focuses on survival and consistence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in cold-water sediments and how increasing temperature and nutritional availability can affect growth. METHODS AND RESULTS A pathogenic strain of V. parahaemolyticus was inoculated in seawater microcosms containing bottom sediment. Gradually, during 14 days, the temperature was upregulated from 8 to 21°C. Culturable V. parahaemolyticus was only found in the sediment but declined over time and did not recover even after another 2 days at 37°C. Numbers of culturable bacteria matched the amount found by q-PCR indicating that they did not enter a dormant state, contrary to those in the water layer. After adding decaying phytoplankton as fertilizer to the microcosms of 8 and 21°C for 7 and 14 days, the culturability of the bacteria increased significantly in the sediments at both temperatures and durations of exposure. CONCLUSION The study showed that V. parahaemolyticus can stay viable in cold-water sediment and growth was stimulated by fertilizers rather than by temperature. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis and is today recognized in connection to increasing ocean temperature. The results indicate that this pathogen should be considered a risk in well-fertilized environments, such as aquacultures, even during cold periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Collin
- Department of Natural Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - B Hernroth
- Department of Natural Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.,The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Kristineberg Marine Research Station, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
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Bozcal E, Dagdeviren M. Bacterial metagenome analysis of Mytilus galloprovincialis collected from Istanbul and Izmir coastal stations of Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:186. [PMID: 32072329 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mytilus galloprovincialis is a marine mollusk belonging to the Bivalvia class. It has been distributed largely in Turkish shores and worldwide aquatic environments. Besides being known as an environmental pollution indicator, it is highly consumed as a food and has a high economic value. Due to their nutritional mechanisms by filtering water, they are affected by pollution in seawater and mussels can host-microbial diversity of environmental origin as well as pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, in this study, bacterial species found in Mediterranean mussels collected from the coastal stations of Istanbul [Rumeli Kavagi (RK), Kucukcekmece (KC)], and Izmir [(Foca (MF), Urla (MU)] were investigated and compared with microbiological and metagenomic analyses. According to microbiological analysis results, 34 mussel-associated Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae family members were identified. As a result of the culture-independent metagenomic analysis, taxonomic groups for each station were identified and compared based on Operational Taxonomic Unit data. For all stations, the most abundant bacterial genera were the unclassified bacterial genera. The total number of mussel-related total richness identified in all groups was 4889 (RK = 1605; KC = 1930; MF = 1508; and MU = 1125). According to the metagenomic data obtained in this study, different relative amounts of Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroidetes taxa groups were reported for all stations. The pathogenic bacterial genera identified by metagenomic analyses which may be significant for the public health are Arcobacter, Clostridium, Aeromonas, Vibrio, Escherichia_Shigella, Klebsiella, Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Pseudomonas, Morganella, Serratia, Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Yersinia, Mycoplasma, Brucellaceae_unclassified, Pantoea, and Proteus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Bozcal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Melih Dagdeviren
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35040, Izmir, Turkey
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Bravo Z, Orruño M, Navascues T, Ogayar E, Ramos-Vivas J, Kaberdin VR, Arana I. Analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii survival in liquid media and on solid matrices as well as effect of disinfectants. J Hosp Infect 2019; 103:e42-e52. [PMID: 30986481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii is a cause of healthcare-associated infections and has considerable potential to survive on inanimate hospital surfaces under hostile conditions (e.g. disinfection or desiccation). AIM To learn more about its survival strategy and capacity to persist in liquid media and on surfaces mimicking hospital environments. METHODS The effect of temperature, nutrient deprivation, permanence on inanimate surfaces, and exposure to disinfectants on the survival of four A. baumannii strains (ATCC 19606T and three clinical isolates) was studied by monitoring the number of total and viable cells using fluorescent microscopy and of culturable cells by standard cultures. FINDINGS Bacterial survival was differentially affected by temperature (cells maintained at 20°C remained culturable at least within 30 days) and physical environment (desiccation favoured cell resistance to stress at 37°C). Moreover, persistence was associated with two adaptation patterns: one linked to entry into the viable but non-culturable state, whereas the other apparently followed a bust-and-boom model. During a study on the effect of disinfectant (commercial bleach and quaternary ammonium compounds), it was found that treatment with these antibacterial compounds did not eliminate A. baumannii populations and provoked the reduction of culturable populations, although a fraction of cells remained culturable. CONCLUSION The ability to persist for long periods on different surfaces, mimicking those usually found in hospitals, along with A. baumannii's capacity to survive after a disinfection process may account for the recurrent outbreaks in intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bravo
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - M Orruño
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Spain.
| | - T Navascues
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - E Ogayar
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - J Ramos-Vivas
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - V R Kaberdin
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - I Arana
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Spain
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13
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Hernroth BE, Baden SP. Alteration of host-pathogen interactions in the wake of climate change - Increasing risk for shellfish associated infections? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 161:425-438. [PMID: 29202413 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential for climate-related spread of infectious diseases through marine systems has been highlighted in several reports. With this review we want to draw attention to less recognized mechanisms behind vector-borne transmission pathways to humans. We have focused on how the immune systems of edible marine shellfish, the blue mussels and Norway lobsters, are affected by climate related environmental stressors. Future ocean acidification (OA) and warming due to climate change constitute a gradually increasing persistent stress with negative trade-off for many organisms. In addition, the stress of recurrent hypoxia, inducing high levels of bioavailable manganese (Mn) is likely to increase in line with climate change. We summarized that OA, hypoxia and elevated levels of Mn did have an overall negative effect on immunity, in some cases also with synergistic effects. On the other hand, moderate increase in temperature seems to have a stimulating effect on antimicrobial activity and may in a future warming scenario counteract the negative effects. However, rising sea surface temperature and climate events causing high land run-off promote the abundance of naturally occurring pathogenic Vibrio and will in addition, bring enteric pathogens which are circulating in society into coastal waters. Moreover, the observed impairments of the immune defense enhance the persistence and occurrence of pathogens in shellfish. This may increase the risk for direct transmission of pathogens to consumers. It is thus essential that in the wake of climate change, sanitary control of coastal waters and seafood must recognize and adapt to the expected alteration of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil E Hernroth
- The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Kristineberg 566, SE-451 78 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden; Dept. of Natural Science, Kristianstad University, SE-291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden.
| | - Susanne P Baden
- Dept. of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg 566, SE-451 78 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
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14
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Orruño M, Kaberdin VR, Arana I. Survival strategies of Escherichia coli and Vibrio spp.: contribution of the viable but nonculturable phenotype to their stress-resistance and persistence in adverse environments. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:45. [PMID: 28161849 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In their natural ecosystems, bacteria are continuously exposed to changing environmental factors including physicochemical parameters (e.g. temperature, pH, etc.), availability of nutrients as well as interaction(s) with other organisms. To increase their tolerance and survival under adverse conditions, bacteria trigger a number of adaptation mechanisms. One of the well-known adaptation responses of the non-spore-forming bacteria is the acquisition of the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. This phenotype is induced by different stress factors (e.g. low temperature) and is characterized by the temporal loss of culturability, which can potentially be restored. Moreover, this response can be combined with the bust and boom strategy, which implies the death of the main population of the stressed cells (or their entry into the VBNC state) upon stress, thus enabling the remaining cells (i.e. residual culturable population) to subsist at the expense of the dead or/and VBNC cells. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of the VBNC state, its biological significance and contribution to bacterial survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Orruño
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena S/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - V R Kaberdin
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena S/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - I Arana
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena S/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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15
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Baily JL, Foster G, Brown D, Davison NJ, Coia JE, Watson E, Pizzi R, Willoughby K, Hall AJ, Dagleish MP. Salmonella infection in grey seals (Halichoerus grypus), a marine mammal sentinel species: pathogenicity and molecular typing of Salmonella strains compared with human and livestock isolates. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:1078-87. [PMID: 26768299 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Microbial pollution of the marine environment through land-sea transfer of human and livestock pathogens is of concern. Salmonella was isolated from rectal swabs of free-ranging and stranded grey seal pups (21.1%; 37/175) and compared with strains from the same serovars isolated from human clinical cases, livestock, wild mammals and birds in Scotland, UK to characterize possible transmission routes using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multi-locus variable number of tandem repeat analyses. A higher prevalence of Salmonella was found in pups exposed to seawater, suggesting that this may represent a source of this pathogen. Salmonella Bovismorbificans was the most common isolate (18.3% pups; 32/175) and was indistinguishable from isolates found in Scottish cattle. Salmonella Typhimurium was infrequent (2.3% pups; 4/175), mostly similar to isolates found in garden birds and, in one case, identical to a highly multidrug resistant strain isolated from a human child. Salmonella Haifa was rare (1.1% pups; 2/175), but isolates were indistinguishable from that of a human clinical isolate. These results suggest that S. Bovismorbificans may circulate between grey seal and cattle populations and that both S. Typhimurium and S. Haifa isolates are shared with humans, raising concerns of microbial marine pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L Baily
- Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH26 0PZ, UK.,Sea Mammal Research Unit, Gatty Marine Laboratory, University of St. Andrews, Fife, St. Andrews, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Geoffrey Foster
- Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, SAC Consulting Veterinary Services, Drummondhill, Inverness, Scotland, IV2 4JZ, UK
| | - Derek Brown
- Scottish Salmonella, Shigella and Clostridium difficile Reference Laboratory, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10-16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, Scotland, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Nicholas J Davison
- Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, SAC Consulting Veterinary Services, Drummondhill, Inverness, Scotland, IV2 4JZ, UK
| | - John E Coia
- Scottish Salmonella, Shigella and Clostridium difficile Reference Laboratory, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10-16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, Scotland, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Eleanor Watson
- Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Romain Pizzi
- Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kim Willoughby
- Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Ailsa J Hall
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Gatty Marine Laboratory, University of St. Andrews, Fife, St. Andrews, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Mark P Dagleish
- Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH26 0PZ, UK
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16
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Lutz C, Erken M, Noorian P, Sun S, McDougald D. Environmental reservoirs and mechanisms of persistence of Vibrio cholerae. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:375. [PMID: 24379807 PMCID: PMC3863721 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well accepted that Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the water-borne disease cholera, is acquired from environmental sources where it persists between outbreaks of the disease. Recent advances in molecular technology have demonstrated that this bacterium can be detected in areas where it has not previously been isolated, indicating a much broader, global distribution of this bacterium outside of endemic regions. The environmental persistence of V. cholerae in the aquatic environment can be attributed to multiple intra- and interspecific strategies such as responsive gene regulation and biofilm formation on biotic and abiotic surfaces, as well as interactions with a multitude of other organisms. This review will discuss some of the mechanisms that enable the persistence of this bacterium in the environment. In particular, we will discuss how V. cholerae can survive stressors such as starvation, temperature, and salinity fluctuations as well as how the organism persists under constant predation by heterotrophic protists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lutz
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Martina Erken
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Parisa Noorian
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shuyang Sun
- The Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Diane McDougald
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Asplund ME, Baden SP, Russ S, Ellis RP, Gong N, Hernroth BE. Ocean acidification and host-pathogen interactions: blue mussels,Mytilus edulis, encounteringVibrio tubiashii. Environ Microbiol 2013; 16:1029-39. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Asplund
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Kristineberg 566 SE - 451 78 Fiskebäckskil Sweden
| | - Susanne P. Baden
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Kristineberg 566 SE - 451 78 Fiskebäckskil Sweden
| | - Sarah Russ
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Kristineberg 566 SE - 451 78 Fiskebäckskil Sweden
| | - Robert P. Ellis
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD UK
| | - Ningping Gong
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Box 463 SE - 405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Bodil E. Hernroth
- The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Kristineberg 566 SE - 451 78 Fiskebäckskil Sweden
- Department of Natural Science; Inst. Biomedicine; Kristianstad University; SE - 291 88 Kristianstad Sweden
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18
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Johnson CN. Fitness factors in vibrios: a mini-review. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2013; 65:826-851. [PMID: 23306394 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-012-0168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vibrios are Gram-negative curved bacilli that occur naturally in marine, estuarine, and freshwater systems. Some species include human and animal pathogens, and some vibrios are necessary for natural systems, including the carbon cycle and osmoregulation. Countless in vivo and in vitro studies have examined the interactions between vibrios and their environment, including molecules, cells, whole animals, and abiotic substrates. Many studies have characterized virulence factors, attachment factors, regulatory factors, and antimicrobial resistance factors, and most of these factors impact the organism's fitness regardless of its external environment. This review aims to identify common attributes among factors that increase fitness in various environments, regardless of whether the environment is an oyster, a rabbit, a flask of immortalized mammalian cells, or a planktonic chitin particle. This review aims to summarize findings published thus far to encapsulate some of the basic similarities among the many vibrio fitness factors and how they frame our understanding of vibrio ecology. Factors representing these similarities include hemolysins, capsular polysaccharides, flagella, proteases, attachment factors, type III secretion systems, chitin binding proteins, iron acquisition systems, and colonization factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal N Johnson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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19
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Muralidharan S, Thompson E, Raftos D, Birch G, Haynes PA. Quantitative proteomics of heavy metal stress responses in Sydney rock oysters. Proteomics 2012; 12:906-21. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Muralidharan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde NSW Australia
| | - Emma Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde NSW Australia
| | - David Raftos
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde NSW Australia
| | - Gavin Birch
- School of Geosciences; University of Sydney; NSW Australia
| | - Paul A. Haynes
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde NSW Australia
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Fu LL, Shuai JB, Wang Y, Ma HJ, Li JR. Temporal genetic variability and host sources of Escherichia coli associated with fecal pollution from domesticated animals in the shellfish culture environment of Xiangshan Bay, East China Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:2808-2814. [PMID: 21645948 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to analyze the genetic variability of Escherichia coli from domesticated animal wastes for microbial source tracking (MST) application in fecal contaminated shellfish growing waters of Xiangshan Bay, East China Sea. (GTG)(5) primer was used to generate 1363 fingerprints from E. coli isolated from feces of known 9 domesticated animal sources around this shellfish culture area. Jackknife analysis of the complete (GTG)(5)-PCR DNA fingerprint library indicated that isolates were assigned to the correct source groups with an 84.28% average rate of correct classification. Based on one-year source tracking data, the dominant sources of E. coli were swine, chickens, ducks and cows in this water area. Moreover, annual and spatial changes of E. coli concentrations and host sources may affect the level and distribution of zoonotic pathogen species in waters. Our findings will further contribute to preventing fecal pollution in aquatic environments and quality control of shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Lin Fu
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, PR China.
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Collin B, Rehnstam-Holm AS. Occurrence and potential pathogenesis of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus on the South Coast of Sweden. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2011; 78:306-13. [PMID: 21692819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the summer of 2006, several wound infections - of which three were fatal - caused by Vibrio cholerae were reported from patients who had been exposed to water from the Baltic Sea. Before these reports, we initiated a sampling project investigating the occurrence of potential human pathogenic V. cholerae, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in The Sound between Sweden and Denmark. The Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) was used as an indicator to follow the occurrence of vibrios over time. Molecular analyses showed high frequencies of the most potent human pathogenic Vibrio spp.; 53% of mussel samples were positive for V. cholerae (although none were positive for the cholera toxin gene), 63% for V. vulnificus and 79% for V. parahaemolyticus (of which 47% were tdh(+) and/or trh(+)). Viable vibrios were also isolated from the mussel meat and screened for virulence by PCR. The mortality of eukaryotic cells when exposed to bacteria was tested in vivo, with results showing that the Vibrio strains, independent of species and origin, were harmful to the cells. Despite severe infections and several deaths, no report on potential human pathogenic vibrios in this area had been published before this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Collin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicin, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Arana I, Muela A, Orruño M, Seco C, Garaizabal I, Barcina I. Effect of temperature and starvation upon survival strategies of Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0: comparison with Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2010; 74:500-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00979.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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