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Gutiérrez-Barral A, Teira E, Díaz-Alonso A, Justel-Díez M, Kaal J, Fernández E. Impact of wildfire ash on bacterioplankton abundance and community composition in a coastal embayment (Ría de Vigo, NW Spain). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 194:106317. [PMID: 38160575 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Wildfire ash can have an impact on coastal prokaryotic plankton. To understand the extent to which community composition and abundance of coastal prokaryotes are affected by ash, two ash addition experiments were performed. Ash from a massive wildfire that took place in the Ría de Vigo watershed in October 2017 was added to natural surface water samples collected in the middle sector of the ría during the summer of 2019 and winter of 2020, and incubated for 72 h, under natural water temperature and irradiance conditions. Plankton responses were assessed through chlorophyll a and bacterial abundance measurements. Prokaryotic DNA was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene partial sequencing. In summer, when nutrient concentrations were low in the ría, the addition of ash led to an increase in phytoplankton and bacterial abundance, increasing the proportions of Alteromonadales, Flavobacteriales, and the potentially pathogenic Vibrio, among other taxa. After the winter runoff events, nutrient concentrations in the Ría de Vigo were high, and only minor changes in bacterial abundance were detected. Our findings suggest that the compounds associated with wildfire ash can alter the composition of bacterioplanktonic communities, which is relevant information for the management of coastal ecosystems in fire-prone areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gutiérrez-Barral
- Centro de Investigación Mariña da Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Eva Teira
- Centro de Investigación Mariña da Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Alexandra Díaz-Alonso
- Centro de Investigación Mariña da Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Maider Justel-Díez
- Centro de Investigación Mariña da Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Joeri Kaal
- Pyrolyscience, 15707, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernández
- Centro de Investigación Mariña da Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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Kennedy LC, Lowry SA, Boehm AB. Temperature and particles interact to affect human norovirus and MS2 persistence in surface water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:71-81. [PMID: 38078556 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00357d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Modeling the fate and transport of viruses and their genetic material in surface water is necessary to assess risks associated with contaminated surface waters and to inform environmental surveillance efforts. Temperature has been identified as a key variable affecting virus persistence in surface waters, but the effects of the presence of biological and inert particles and of their interaction with temperature have not been well characterized. We assessed these effects on the persistence of human norovirus (HuNoV) genotype II.4 purified from stool and MS2 in surface water. Raw or filter-sterilized creek water microcosms were inoculated and incubated in the dark at 10 °C, 15 °C, and 20 °C. HuNoV (i.e., genome segments and intact capsids) and MS2 (i.e., infectious MS2, genome segments, and intact capsids) concentrations were followed over 36 days. The range in positive, significant first-order decay rate constants for HuNoV in this study was 0.14 to 0.69 day-1 compared with 0.026 to 0.71 day-1 for that of MS2. Decay rate constants for HuNoV genome segments and infectious MS2 were largest in creek water that included biological and inert particles and incubated at higher temperatures. In addition, for HuNoV and MS2 incubated in raw or filter-sterilized creek water at 15 °C, capsid damage was not identified as a dominant inactivation mechanism. Environmental processes and events that affect surface water biological and inert particles, temperature, or both could lead to variable virus decay rate constants. Incorporating the effects of particles, temperature, and their interaction could enhance models of virus fate and transport in surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Kennedy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Y2E2 Room 189, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Sarah A Lowry
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Y2E2 Room 189, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Alexandria B Boehm
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Y2E2 Room 189, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Hu C, Lei F, Zhang X, Shi J, Li J, Zuo X, Li S, Ouyang Z, Guo X. Black carbon derived from pyrolysis of maize straw and polystyrene microplastics affects soil biodiversity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163398. [PMID: 37061062 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the environmental correlation of microbial community under external stimulation is significant for ecological restoration. However, few studies focused on the response of soil biodiversity induced by black carbon (BC) derived from pyrolysis of straw and microplastics (MPs) due to their widespread existence in natural environment. In this study, polystyrene MPs (PS) and maize straw with different mass ratios were used as raw materials to prepare BC by pyrolysis. The surface morphology, chemical composition and sequential variations of different functional groups of BC were systematically analyzed. The leachate from BC was identified by three-dimensional excitation emission matrice (3D-EEM). The corresponding results showed that yield, value of O/C and N element content of BC decreased with more PS. The changed C content and oxygen-containing functional groups occurred. The order of functional groups of BC formed by co-pyrolysis was: C=C > C-O > C-H > Si-O-Si. The main component of leaching from BC was humic-like and fulvic-like acid. Simultaneously, the input of exogenous BC into soil affected abundance, composition and metabolic pathways of microorganisms. The study helps to understand environmental implication of BC which was pyrolyzed from maize straw and MPs, providing an idea for improving biogeochemical cycle process in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlu Hu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fadan Lei
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiabao Shi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xin Zuo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shuxing Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhuozhi Ouyang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xuetao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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4
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Ali B, Sajjad W, Ilahi N, Bahadur A, Kang S. Soot biodegradation by psychrotolerant bacterial consortia. Biodegradation 2022; 33:407-418. [PMID: 35666328 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-022-09990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
To probe the bioavailability of soot released into the atmosphere is pivotal to understanding their environmental impacts. Soot aerosol absorbs organic matter, creating a hot spot for biogeochemical transformation and the global carbon cycle. Soot primarily contains condensed aromatics chemically recalcitrant; however, oligotrophic microorganisms might use it as a nutritional source. This study investigated the influence of psychrotolerant bacterial consortia on soot. Significant increase in the bacterial biomass, reduction in water-insoluble organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in soot residues and increase in water-soluble OC in the filtrate signifies the use of soot as a carbon and nutritional source. The influence on morphology and composition of soot was reported using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX). The FTIR analysis showed significant variations in the pattern of soot spectra, suggesting degradation. Elemental analysis and EDX showed a reduction in carbon percentage. Besides, the reduction of optical density with incubation time signifies the OC and EC consumption. This study shows that soot can be a substrate and pivotal factor in the microbial food web. Nowadays, soot emission to the environment is growing; therefore, soot involvement in microbe-mediated processes should be closely focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barkat Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donggang West Rd. 320, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
| | - Wasim Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donggang West Rd. 320, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Nikhat Ilahi
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ali Bahadur
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donggang West Rd. 320, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donggang West Rd. 320, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China.
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Viral Attachment to Biotic and Abiotic Surfaces in Seawater. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01687-19. [PMID: 31704685 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01687-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses influence microbial community structure and biogeochemical cycles in marine environments. Viral attachment to nonhost surfaces could influence host viral infection rates; however, the prevalence of such viral attachment is not investigated quantitatively. We used coastal seawater viral assemblages and, as models, marine vibriophage (SIO-2) and enterobacteriophages (T2 and T4) to investigate their attachment to probable nonhost marine bacteria. We also studied viral attachment to colloids and other abiotic surfaces in seawater. Centrifugation experiments with bacterium-virus mixtures showed substantial viral loss in the supernatant presumably due to the viral attachment to bacteria. This attachment (0.04 to 24 viruses μm-2 [bacterial surface area]) varied with bacterium-virus combinations. Surprisingly, filtering seawater on 0.2-μm Anodisc or polycarbonate filters retained ∼12 to 84% of viruses presumably attached to ≥0.2-μm-sized particles and/or the filter surface. Enzymatic digestion followed by epifluorescence and atomic force microscopy suggested that 7 to 25% of the total viruses were attached via β-glycosidic linkages. Furthermore, a substantial proportion (7 to 48%) of viruses became attached to model abiotic surfaces (polycarbonate, polypropylene, and glass), and this has significance for laboratory protocols as well as studies of virus ecology in particle-rich marine environments. Substantial attachment of viruses to nonhost surfaces could influence virus-driven biogeochemical cycles and microbial community structure.IMPORTANCE Viruses play important roles in altering microbial community structure and biogeochemical cycles in marine environments. Viral attachment to nonhost surfaces can influence host viral infection rates; however, the prevalence of viral attachment to nonhost surfaces and the ratio of attached viruses to total viruses are little known. We used coastal seawater viral assemblages and used marine vibriophage (SIO-2) and enterobacteriophages (T2 and T4) as models to investigate their attachment to abiotic and biotic surfaces in seawater. Viral attachment was observed on several surfaces, such as nonhost bacteria, polymers, filters, cover glasses, and tube surfaces. This study cautions against commonly used protocols that require viral incubation and seawater fractionation. More importantly, these results could influence virus-driven biogeochemical cycles and microbial community structure in the ocean.
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Benavides M, Chu Van T, Mari X. Amino acids promote black carbon aggregation and microbial colonization in coastal waters off Vietnam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 685:527-532. [PMID: 31176973 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The combustion of fossil fuels and biomass produces pyrogenic organic matter usually known as 'black carbon' (BC), which are transported across the atmosphere as particulate aerosol, eventually deposited on land and oceans. Soil studies have investigated the potential microbial colonization and remineralization of BC particles, but this process has been seldom studied in marine waters. BC provides a significant input of organic carbon to the oceans, yet its fate and role in biogeochemical cycling remains unknown. Here we explored the microbial colonization of BC particles in coastal seawater samples collected in Halong Bay (northern Vietnam). Using high-resolution mass spectrometry and microscopy methods, we observed an increasing colonization of BC particles by marine microbes in the presence of amino acids. Our results suggest that natural organic matter (NOM) present in seawater may promote the microbial colonization and eventual remineralization of BC particles. Future experiments should explore the potential microbial remineralization of BC particles to unveil the role of this massive source of carbon to marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Benavides
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Thuoc Chu Van
- Institute of Marine Environment and Resources (IMER), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 246 Da Nang Street, Haiphong, Viet Nam
| | - Xavier Mari
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France; Institute of Marine Environment and Resources (IMER), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 246 Da Nang Street, Haiphong, Viet Nam; University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
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7
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Chen C, Wei J, Li J, Duan Z, Huang W. Influence of macromolecules on aggregation kinetics of diesel soot nanoparticles in aquatic environments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1892-1901. [PMID: 31227348 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soot nanoparticles (SNPs) produced from incomplete combustion have strong impacts on aquatic environments as they eventually reach surface water, where their environmental fate and transport are largely controlled by aggregation. This study investigated the aggregation kinetics of SNPs in the presence of macromolecules including fulvic acid (FA), humic acid (HA), alginate polysaccharide, and bovine serum albumin (BSA, protein) under various environmentally relevant solution conditions. Our results showed that increasing salt concentrations induced SNP aggregation by suppressing electrostatic repulsion and that CaCl2 exhibited stronger effect than NaCl in charge neutralization, which is in agreement with the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. The aggregation rates of SNPs were variously reduced by macromolecules, and such stabilization effect was the greatest by BSA, followed by HA, alginate, and FA. Steric repulsion resulting from macromolecules adsorbed on SNP surfaces was mainly responsible for enhancing SNP stability. Such steric repulsion appeared to be affected by macromolecular structure, as BSA having a more compact globular structure on SNP surfaces imparted long-range steric repulsive forces and retarded the SNP aggregation rate by 10-100 times. In addition, alginate was shown to enhance SNP aggregation by ∼10 times at high CaCl2 concentrations due to alginate gel formation via calcium bridging. The results may bear strong significance for the fate and transport of SNPs in both natural and controlled environmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyue Wei
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, United States
| | - Jing Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Huang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, United States.
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8
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Santibáñez PA, Maselli OJ, Greenwood MC, Grieman MM, Saltzman ES, McConnell JR, Priscu JC. Prokaryotes in the WAIS Divide ice core reflect source and transport changes between Last Glacial Maximum and the early Holocene. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:2182-2197. [PMID: 29322639 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present the first long-term, highly resolved prokaryotic cell concentration record obtained from a polar ice core. This record, obtained from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide (WD) ice core, spanned from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the early Holocene (EH) and showed distinct fluctuations in prokaryotic cell concentration coincident with major climatic states. The time series also revealed a ~1,500-year periodicity with greater amplitude during the Last Deglaciation (LDG). Higher prokaryotic cell concentration and lower variability occurred during the LGM and EH than during the LDG. A sevenfold decrease in prokaryotic cell concentration coincided with the LGM/LDG transition and the global 19 ka meltwater pulse. Statistical models revealed significant relationships between the prokaryotic cell record and tracers of both marine (sea-salt sodium [ssNa]) and burning emissions (black carbon [BC]). Collectively, these models, together with visual observations and methanosulfidic acid (MSA) measurements, indicated that the temporal variability in concentration of airborne prokaryotic cells reflected changes in marine/sea-ice regional environments of the WAIS. Our data revealed that variations in source and transport were the most likely processes producing the significant temporal variations in WD prokaryotic cell concentrations. This record provided strong evidence that airborne prokaryotic cell deposition differed during the LGM, LDG, and EH, and that these changes in cell densities could be explained by different environmental conditions during each of these climatic periods. Our observations provide the first ice-core time series evidence for a prokaryotic response to long-term climatic and environmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Santibáñez
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
- Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno (INACH), Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Olivia J Maselli
- Desert Research Institute, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Mark C Greenwood
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Mackenzie M Grieman
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Eric S Saltzman
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R McConnell
- Desert Research Institute, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV, USA
| | - John C Priscu
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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9
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Williams P. Particulate air pollution impacts directly on bacterial pathogen behaviour and infection. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3787-3788. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Williams
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences; University of Nottingham University Park; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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10
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Hussey SJK, Purves J, Allcock N, Fernandes VE, Monks PS, Ketley JM, Andrew PW, Morrissey JA. Air pollution alters Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilms, antibiotic tolerance and colonisation. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:1868-1880. [PMID: 28195384 PMCID: PMC6849702 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is the world's largest single environmental health risk (WHO). Particulate matter such as black carbon is one of the main components of air pollution. The effects of particulate matter on human health are well established however the effects on bacteria, organisms central to ecosystems in humans and in the natural environment, are poorly understood. We report here for the first time that black carbon drastically changes the development of bacterial biofilms, key aspects of bacterial colonisation and survival. Our data show that exposure to black carbon induces structural, compositional and functional changes in the biofilms of both S. pneumoniae and S. aureus. Importantly, the tolerance of the biofilms to multiple antibiotics and proteolytic degradation is significantly affected. Additionally, our results show that black carbon impacts bacterial colonisation in vivo. In a mouse nasopharyngeal colonisation model, black carbon caused S. pneumoniae to spread from the nasopharynx to the lungs, which is essential for subsequent infection. Therefore our study highlights that air pollution has a significant effect on bacteria that has been largely overlooked. Consequently these findings have important implications concerning the impact of air pollution on human health and bacterial ecosystems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane. J. K. Hussey
- Department of Genetics, Adrian BuildingUniversity of Leicester, University RoadLeicesterLE1 7RHLeicestershire, UK
| | - Joanne Purves
- Department of Genetics, Adrian BuildingUniversity of Leicester, University RoadLeicesterLE1 7RHLeicestershire, UK
| | - Natalie Allcock
- Centre for Core Biotechnology Services, Adrian BuildingUniversity of Leicester, University RoadLeicesterLE1 7RHLeicestershire, UK
| | - Vitor E. Fernandes
- Department of InfectionImmunity and Inflammation, Medical Sciences Building, University of Leicester, University RoadLeicesterLE1 9HNLeicestershire, UK
| | - Paul S. Monks
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Leicester, University RoadLeicesterLE1 7RHLeicestershire, UK
| | - Julian M. Ketley
- Department of Genetics, Adrian BuildingUniversity of Leicester, University RoadLeicesterLE1 7RHLeicestershire, UK
| | - Peter W. Andrew
- Department of InfectionImmunity and Inflammation, Medical Sciences Building, University of Leicester, University RoadLeicesterLE1 9HNLeicestershire, UK
| | - Julie A. Morrissey
- Department of Genetics, Adrian BuildingUniversity of Leicester, University RoadLeicesterLE1 7RHLeicestershire, UK
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11
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Bettarel Y, Motegi C, Weinbauer MG, Mari X. Colonization and release processes of viruses and prokaryotes on artificial marine macroaggregates. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 363:fnv216. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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12
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Mojica KDA, Brussaard CPD. Factors affecting virus dynamics and microbial host-virus interactions in marine environments. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 89:495-515. [PMID: 24754794 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microorganisms constitute the largest percentage of living biomass and serve as the major driving force behind nutrient and energy cycles. While viruses only comprise a small percentage of this biomass (i.e., 5%), they dominate in numerical abundance and genetic diversity. Through host infection and mortality, viruses affect microbial population dynamics, community composition, genetic evolution, and biogeochemical cycling. However, the field of marine viral ecology is currently limited by a lack of data regarding how different environmental factors regulate virus dynamics and host-virus interactions. The goal of the present minireview was to contribute to the evolution of marine viral ecology, through the assimilation of available data regarding the manner and degree to which environmental factors affect viral decay and infectivity as well as influence latent period and production. Considering the ecological importance of viruses in the marine ecosystem and the increasing pressure from anthropogenic activity and global climate change on marine systems, a synthesis of existing information provides a timely framework for future research initiatives in viral ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina D A Mojica
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Den Burg, The Netherlands
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13
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Neu TR, Lawrence JR. Investigation of microbial biofilm structure by laser scanning microscopy. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 146:1-51. [PMID: 24840778 DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microbial bioaggregates and biofilms are hydrated three-dimensional structures of cells and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Microbial communities associated with interfaces and the samples thereof may come from natural, technical, and medical habitats. For imaging such complex microbial communities confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is the method of choice. CLSM allows flexible mounting and noninvasive three-dimensional sectioning of hydrated, living, as well as fixed samples. For this purpose a broad range of objective lenses is available having different working distance and resolution. By means of CLSM the signals detected may originate from reflection, autofluorescence, reporter genes/fluorescence proteins, fluorochromes binding to specific targets, or other probes conjugated with fluorochromes. Recorded datasets can be used not only for visualization but also for semiquantitative analysis. As a result CLSM represents a very useful tool for imaging of microbiological samples in combination with other analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Neu
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Brueckstrasse 3a, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany,
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