Hickman HD, Reynoso GV, Ngudiankama BF, Rubin EJ, Magadán JG, Cush SS, Gibbs J, Molon B, Bronte V, Bennink JR, Yewdell JW. Anatomically restricted synergistic antiviral activities of innate and adaptive immune cells in the skin.
Cell Host Microbe 2013;
13:155-68. [PMID:
23414756 PMCID:
PMC3591514 DOI:
10.1016/j.chom.2013.01.004]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive ex vivo investigation, the spatiotemporal organization of immune cells interacting with virus-infected cells in tissues remains uncertain. To address this, we used intravital multiphoton microscopy to visualize immune cell interactions with virus-infected cells following epicutaneous vaccinia virus (VV) infection of mice. VV infects keratinocytes in epidermal foci and numerous migratory dermal inflammatory monocytes that outlie the foci. We observed Ly6G(+) innate immune cells infiltrating and controlling foci, while CD8(+) T cells remained on the periphery killing infected monocytes. Most antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells in the skin did not interact with virus-infected cells. Blocking the generation of reactive nitrogen species relocated CD8(+) T cells into foci, modestly reducing viral titers. Depletion of Ly6G(+) and CD8(+) cells dramatically increased viral titers, consistent with their synergistic but spatially segregated viral clearance activities. These findings highlight previously unappreciated differences in the anatomic specialization of antiviral immune cell subsets.
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