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Bao X, Gänzle MG, Wu J. Ovomucin Hydrolysates Reduce Bacterial Adhesion and Inflammation in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88-Challenged Intestinal Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7219-7229. [PMID: 38507577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 is the most common cause of diarrhea in neonatal and postweaning pigs. After adhering to small intestinal epithelial cells via glycoprotein receptor recognition, the pathogen can produce enterotoxins, impair intestinal integrity, trigger watery diarrhea, and induce inflammation via nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MAPK) pathways. Inhibiting ETEC K88 adhesion to cell surfaces by interfering with the receptor-fimbriae recognition provides a promising strategy to prevent the initiation and progression of infection. Ovomucin is a highly glycosylated protein in chicken egg white with diverse bioactivities. Ovomucin hydrolysates prepared by the enzymes Protex 26L (OP) and pepsin/pancreatin (OPP) were previously revealed to prevent adhesion of ETEC K88 to IPEC-J2 cells. Herein, we investigated the protective effects of ovomucin hydrolysates on ETEC K88-induced barrier integrity damage and inflammation in IPEC-J2 and Caco-2 cells. Both hydrolysates inhibited ETEC K88 adhesion to cells and protected epithelial cell integrity by restoring transepithelial electronic resistance (TEER) values. Removing sialic acids in the hydrolysates reduced their antiadhesive capacities. Ovomucin hydrolysates suppressed ETEC-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in both cell lines. The ability of ETEC K88 in activating calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CaMK II), elevating intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and inducing oxidative stress was attenuated by both hydrolysates. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential of ovomucin hydrolysates to prevent ETEC K88 adhesion and alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Bao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Michael G Gänzle
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
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2
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Chandel S, Joon A, Kaur S, Ghosh S. Role of ST6GAL1 and ST6GAL2 in subversion of cellular signaling during enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infection of human intestinal epithelial cell lines. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1405-1420. [PMID: 36646912 PMCID: PMC9843105 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence have suggested that aberrant sialylation on cell-surface carbohydrate architecture may influence host-pathogen interactions. The α2,6-sialyltransferase (ST) enzymes were found to alter the glycosylation pattern of the pathogen-infected host cell-surface proteins, which could facilitate its invasion. In this study, we assessed the role of specific α2,6-ST enzymes in the regulation of enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)-induced cell signaling pathways in human intestinal epithelial cells. EAEC-induced expression of α2,6-ST family genes in HCT-15 and INT-407 cell lines was assessed at mRNA level by qRT-PCR. Specific esi-RNA was used to silence the target ST-gene in each of the EAEC-infected cell type. Subsequently, the role of these enzymes in regulation of EAEC-induced cell signaling pathways was unraveled by analyzing the expression of MAPkinases (ERK1/2, p38, JNK) and transcription factors (NFκB, cJun, cFos, STAT) at mRNA and protein levels by qRT-PCR and western immunoblotting, respectively, expression of selected sialoglycoproteins by western immunoblotting along with the secretory IL-8 response using sandwich ELISA. ST6GAL-1 and ST6GAL-2 were efficiently silenced in EAEC-infected HCT-15 and INT-407 cells, respectively. Significant reduction in EAEC-induced activation of MAPKs, transcription factors, sialoglycoproteins, and IL-8 secretion was noted in ST-silenced cells in comparison to the respective control cells. We propose that ST6GAL-1 and ST6GAL-2 are quintessential for EAEC-induced stimulation of MAPK-mediated pathways, resulting in activation of transcription factors, leading to an inflammatory response in the human intestinal epithelial cells. Our study may be helpful to design better therapeutic strategies to control EAEC- infection. KEY POINTS: • EAEC induces α2,6-sialyltransferase (ST) upregulation in intestinal epithelial cells • Target STs (ST6GAL-1 & ST6GAL-2) were efficiently silenced using specific esiRNAs • Expression of MAPKs, transcription factors & IL-8 was reduced in ST silenced cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Chandel
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Archana Joon
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Simarpreet Kaur
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Sujata Ghosh
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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3
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Duan Q, Chen D, Yu B, Huang Z, Luo Y, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, Luo J, Yan H, He J. Effect of sialyllactose on growth performance and intestinal epithelium functions in weaned pigs challenged by enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:30. [PMID: 35236420 PMCID: PMC8892705 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sialyllactose (SL) is one of the most abundant oligosaccharides present in porcine breast milk. However, little is known about its effect on growth performance and intestinal health in weaned pigs. This study was conducted to explore the protective effect of SL on intestinal epithelium in weaned pigs upon enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) challenge. Methods Thirty-two pigs were randomly divided into four treatments. Pigs fed with a basal diet or basal diet containing SL (5.0 g/kg) were orally infused with ETEC or culture medium. Results SL supplementation elevated the average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency in the ETEC-challenged pigs (P < 0.05). SL also improved the digestibilities of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), and ash in non-challenged pigs (P < 0.05). Moreover, SL not only elevated serum concentrations of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM), but also significantly decreased the serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) upon ETEC challenge (P < 0.05). Interestingly, SL increased the villus height, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V:C), and the activities of mucosal sucrase and maltase in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05). SL also elevated the concentrations of microbial metabolites (e.g. acetic acid, propanoic acid, and butyric acid) and the abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacillus in the cecum (P < 0.05). Importantly, SL significantly elevated the expression levels of jejunal zonula occludins-1 (ZO-1), occluding, and fatty acid transport protein-4 (FATP4) in the ETEC-challenged pigs (P < 0.05). Conclusions SL can alleviate inflammation and intestinal injury in weaned pigs upon ETEC challenge, which was associated with suppressed secretion of inflammatory cytokines and elevated serum immunoglobulins, as well as improved intestinal epithelium functions and microbiota. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00673-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Duan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
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Pradhan D, Biswasroy P, Kar B, Bhuyan SK, Ghosh G, Rath G. Clinical Interventions and Budding Applications of Probiotics in the Treatment and Prevention of Viral Infections. Arch Med Res 2021; 53:122-130. [PMID: 34690010 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the period, viral infections remain the utmost challenge in front of the scientific community. Continuous shifting and drafting of viral antigenic peptides are the main drivers in the development of antiviral drug resistance. The resurgence of disease, difficulties facing the development of an effective vaccine and undesirable immunological outcomes, foster to develop an alternative therapeutic approach to combat viral infections. Biomimetic nature of viral particles competent to invade the host cell by downregulating the expression of immune responsive cells. To revive from such complications, strengthening the innate immunity places first and foremost defense mechanisms to restrict viral infiltration. Variegated probiotic strains show antiviral activity by stimulating the macrophage and dendritic cell to secret the inflammation response mediated chemokines and cytokines, production of antimicrobial peptides, and biosurfactants, modulate the antiviral gens expression, alter the proportional functionality of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory cells (Tregs), etc. With the appreciation for the antiviral activity and health benefits, however, the selectivity of specific probiotic strain from the diversified microbiome, the interactive molecular mechanism of probiotics, viability and sustainability of a specific number of a probiotic strain at the end of the shelf life, stability, selection of the formulation materials, identification and validation of the key process parameters have the major challenges for the development of an effective probiotic therapy against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Pradhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha "O" Anusandhan, Odisha, India
| | - Prativa Biswasroy
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha "O" Anusandhan, Odisha, India
| | - Biswakanth Kar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha "O" Anusandhan, Odisha, India
| | - Sanat Kumar Bhuyan
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha "O" Anusandhan University, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha "O" Anusandhan, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha "O" Anusandhan, Odisha, India.
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Jahan M, Francis N, Wynn P, Wang B. The Potential for Sialic Acid and Sialylated Glycoconjugates as Feed Additives to Enhance Pig Health and Production. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082318. [PMID: 34438776 PMCID: PMC8388453 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review discusses the current challenges in the pig industry and the potential nutritional significance of sialic acid (Sia) and glycoconjugates (Sia-GC’s) for pig health and nutrition. Sia is a nine-carbon acidic sugar which is present in various organs and body fluids of humans and animals. Sias contribute to many beneficial biological functions including pathogen resistance, immunomodulation, gut microbiota development, gut maturation, anti-inflammation and neurodevelopment. The role of Sias in regulating the metabolism of pigs has seldom been reported. However, we have documented significant beneficial effects of specific Sia-GC’s on health and production performance of sows and piglets. These findings are reviewed in relation to other studies while noting the beneficial effects of the inclusion of Sia, Sia containing oligosaccharide or the sialo-protein lactoferrin in the diets of gilts and sows. The importance of the passive transfer of of Sia and Sia-GC’s through milk to the young and the implications for their growth and development is also reviewed. This information will assist in optimizing the composition of sow/gilt milk replacers designed to increases the survival of IUGR piglets or piglets with dams suffering from agalactia, a common problem in pig production systems worldwide. Abstract Swine are one of the most important agricultural species for human food production. Given the significant disease challenges confronting commercial pig farming systems, introduction of a new feed additive that can enhance animal performance by improving growth and immune status represents a major opportunity. One such candidate is sialic acid (Sia), a diverse family of nine-carbon acidic sugar, present in various organs and body fluid, as well as an essential structural and functional constituent of brain ganglioside of humans and animals. Sias are key monosaccharide and biomarker of sialylated milk oligosaccharide (Sia-MOS’s), sialylated glycoproteins and glycolipids in milk and all vertebrate cells. Sias accomplish many critical endogenous functions by virtue of their physiochemical properties and via recognition by intrinsic receptors. Human milk sialylated glycoconjugates (Sia-GC’s) are bioactive compounds known to act as prebiotics that promote gut microbiota development, gut maturation, pathogen resistance, immunomodulation, anti-inflammation and neurodevelopment. However, the importance of Sia in pig health, especially in the growth, development, immunity of developing piglet and in pig production remains unknown. This review aims to critically discuss the current status of knowledge of the biology and nutritional role of Sia and Sia-GC’s on health of both female sow and newborn piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bing Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6933-4549
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6
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Lu Y, Yang Y, Liu L, Yu T, Zhao J, Liu L, Li C. Anti‐adhesive effects of sialic acid and
Lactobacillus plantarum
on
Staphylococcus aureus
in vitro. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Yuzhuo Yang
- Dairy Center Heilongjiang Green Food Research Institute Harbin China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Institute of Animal Science (IAS) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) Beijing China
| | - Tianshu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Libo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
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Rodrigues JM, Duarte MER, Noseda MD. Modified soybean meal polysaccharide with high adhesion capacity to Salmonella. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:1074-1084. [PMID: 31398402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are known to act as analog receptors for bacteria and therefore are promising alternatives for the control and prevention of bacterial infections. The present study evaluated the chemical structure of modified soybean meal polysaccharides and their capacity to adhere enterobacteria (Salmonella Typhimurium) and to interfere with the bacteria adhesion to the known analogue receptors, using in vitro assays. For this, soybean meal suspensions were subjected to a thermochemical extraction process and structural analyses showed that the fraction with higher adhesion and adhesion-inhibition potential, SAP, was constituted by two types of polysaccharides: a partially depolymerized pectin, of high molar mass, composed of xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan regions (SAP1, 545.5 kDa), and a (1 → 4)-linked-β-D-galactan of low molar mass (SAP2, 8.7 kDa). The results showed a high affinity of Salmonella for galactans, while high molar mass pectins showed no adhesion capacity. The chemical compositions of the fractions suggested that galactose could be responsible for the recognition process in the adhesion process. Other factors, such as structure and degree of polymerization of the polymers, may also be influencing the adhesion process. Modified soybean meal polysaccharides appear to be a promising alternative agent to antibiotics for the control and prevention of foodborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Mota Rodrigues
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Dept., Federal University of Paraná, PO Box: 19011, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dept., Federal University of Paraná, PO Box: 19046, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia Rabello Duarte
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dept., Federal University of Paraná, PO Box: 19046, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Miguel Daniel Noseda
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dept., Federal University of Paraná, PO Box: 19046, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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8
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Link-Lenczowski P, Jastrzębska M, Chwalenia K, Pierzchalska M, Leja-Szpak A, Bonior J, Pierzchalski P, Jaworek J. A switch of N-glycosylation of proteome and secretome during differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118555. [PMID: 31499077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium depends on the complex process of epithelial cells differentiation, which repeatedly continues throughout the entire life. Many studies suggest, that cellular differentiation is regulated by glycosylation, or at least that changes of the latter are the hallmark of the process. The detailed description and understanding of this relationship are important in the context of gastrointestinal tract disease, including cancer. Here we employ a broadly used in vitro model of intestinal cell differentiation to track the glycosylation changes in details. We analyzed the glycoproteome- and glycosecretome-derived N-glycomes of undifferentiated Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells and Caco-2-derived enterocyte-like cells. We used HILIC-HPLC and MALDI-ToF-MS approach together with exoglycosidases digestions to describe qualitative and quantitative N-glycosylation changes upon differentiation. Derived glycan traits analysis revealed, that differentiation results in substantial upregulation of sialylation of glycoproteome and increment of fucosylation within glycosecretome. This was also clearly visible when we analyzed the abundances of individual glycan species. Moreover, we observed the characteristic shift within oligomannose N-glycans, suggesting the augmentation of mannose trimming, resulting in downregulation of H8N2 and upregulation of H5N2 glycan. This was supported by elevated expression of Golgi alpha-mannosidases (especially MAN1C1). We hypothesize, that intensified mannose trimming at the initial steps of N-glycosylation pathway during differentiation, together with the remodeling of the expression of key glycosyltransferases leads to increased diversity of N-glycans and enhanced fucosylation and sialylation of complex structures. Finally, we propose H4N5F1 glycan as a potential biomarker of intestinal epithelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Link-Lenczowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Martyna Jastrzębska
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chwalenia
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Małgorzata Pierzchalska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Leja-Szpak
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Pierzchalski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jolanta Jaworek
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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9
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Panova MV, Orlova AV, Kononov LO. Stabilization of sialyl cation in axial conformation assisted by remote acyl groups. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Laing CR, Whiteside MD, Gannon VPJ. Pan-genome Analyses of the Species Salmonella enterica, and Identification of Genomic Markers Predictive for Species, Subspecies, and Serovar. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1345. [PMID: 28824552 PMCID: PMC5534482 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Food safety is a global concern, with upward of 2.2 million deaths due to enteric disease every year. Current whole-genome sequencing platforms allow routine sequencing of enteric pathogens for surveillance, and during outbreaks; however, a remaining challenge is the identification of genomic markers that are predictive of strain groups that pose the most significant health threats to humans, or that can persist in specific environments. We have previously developed the software program Panseq, which identifies the pan-genome among a group of sequences, and the SuperPhy platform, which utilizes this pan-genome information to identify biomarkers that are predictive of groups of bacterial strains. In this study, we examined the pan-genome of 4893 genomes of Salmonella enterica, an enteric pathogen responsible for the loss of more disability adjusted life years than any other enteric pathogen. We identified a pan-genome of 25.3 Mbp, a strict core of 1.5 Mbp present in all genomes, and a conserved core of 3.2 Mbp found in at least 96% of these genomes. We also identified 404 genomic regions of 1000 bp that were specific to the species S. enterica. These species-specific regions were found to encode mostly hypothetical proteins, effectors, and other proteins related to virulence. For each of the six S. enterica subspecies, markers unique to each were identified. No serovar had pan-genome regions that were present in all of its genomes and absent in all other serovars; however, each serovar did have genomic regions that were universally present among all constituent members, and statistically predictive of the serovar. The phylogeny based on SNPs within the conserved core genome was found to be highly concordant to that produced by a phylogeny using the presence/absence of 1000 bp regions of the entire pan-genome. Future studies could use these predictive regions as components of a vaccine to prevent salmonellosis, as well as in simple and rapid diagnostic tests for both in silico and wet-lab applications, with uses ranging from food safety to public health. Lastly, the tools and methods described in this study could be applied as a pan-genomics framework to other population genomic studies seeking to identify markers for other bacterial species and their sub-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R Laing
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of CanadaLethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew D Whiteside
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of CanadaLethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Victor P J Gannon
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of CanadaLethbridge, AB, Canada
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11
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Tran THT, Everaert N, Bindelle J. Review on the effects of potential prebiotics on controlling intestinal enteropathogens Salmonella and Escherichia coli in pig production. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 102:17-32. [PMID: 28028851 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotypes (Salmonella sp.) are the second cause of bacterial foodborne zoonoses in humans after campylobacteriosis. Pork is the third most important cause for outbreak-associated salmonellosis, and colibacillosis is the most important disease in piglets and swine. Attachment to host cells, translocation of effector proteins into host cells, invasion and replication in tissues are the vital virulence steps of these pathogens that help them to thrive in the intestinal environment and invade tissues. Feed contamination is an important source for Salmonella infection in pig production. Many on-farm feeding strategies intervene to avoid the introduction of pathogens onto the farm by contaminated feeds or to reduce infection pressure when pathogens are present. Among the latter, prebiotics could be effective at protecting against these enteric bacterial pathogens. Nowadays, a wide range of molecules can potentially serve as prebiotics. Here, we summarize the prevalence of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli in pigs, understanding of the mechanisms by which pathogens can cause disease, the feed related to pathogen contamination in pigs and detail the mechanisms on which prebiotics are likely to act in order to fulfil their protective action against these pathogens in pig production. Many different mechanisms involve the inhibition of Salmonella and E. coli by prebiotics such as coating the host surface, modulation of intestinal ecology, downregulating the expression of adhesin factors or virulence genes, reinforcing the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H T Tran
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium.,AgricultureIsLife, TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - N Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium.,AgricultureIsLife, TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - J Bindelle
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium.,AgricultureIsLife, TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
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Bondue P, Crèvecoeur S, Brose F, Daube G, Seghaye MC, Griffiths MW, LaPointe G, Delcenserie V. Cell-Free Spent Media Obtained from Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium crudilactis Grown in Media Supplemented with 3'-Sialyllactose Modulate Virulence Gene Expression in Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1460. [PMID: 27713728 PMCID: PMC5031695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex oligosaccharides from human milk (HMO) possess an antimicrobial activity and can promote the growth of bifidobacteria such as Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis. In addition, fermentation of carbohydrates by bifidobacteria can result in the production of metabolites presenting an antivirulence effect on several pathogenic bacteria. Whey is rich in complex bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO) structurally similar to HMO and B. crudilactis, a species of bovine origin, is able to metabolize some of those complex carbohydrates. This study focused on the ability of B. bifidum and B. crudilactis to grow in a culture medium supplemented in 3′-sialyllactose (3′SL) as the main source of carbon, a major BMO encountered in cow milk. Next, the effects of cell-free spent media (CFSM) were tested against virulence expression of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Both strains were able to grow in presence of 3′SL, but B. crudilactis showed the best growth (7.92 ± 0.3 log cfu/ml) compared to B. bifidum (6.84 ± 0.9 log cfu/ml). Then, CFSM were tested for their effects on virulence gene expression by ler and hilA promoter activity of luminescent mutants of E. coli and S. Typhimurium, respectively, and on wild type strains of E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium using RT-qPCR. All CFSM resulted in significant under expression of the ler and hilA genes for the luminescent mutants and ler (ratios of −15.4 and −8.1 respectively) and qseA (ratios of −2.1 and −3.1) for the wild type strain of E. coli O157:H7. The 3′SL, a major BMO, combined with some bifidobacteria strains of bovine or human origin could therefore be an interesting synbiotic to maintain or restore the intestinal health of young children. These effects observed in vitro will be further investigated regarding the overall phenotype of pathogenic agents and the exact nature of the active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bondue
- Department of Food Science, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Crèvecoeur
- Department of Food Science, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - François Brose
- Department of Food Science, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Department of Food Science, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Mansel W Griffiths
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph Guelph, Canada
| | - Gisèle LaPointe
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph Guelph, Canada
| | - Véronique Delcenserie
- Department of Food Science, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
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13
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Abstract
Sialic acids, or the more broad term nonulosonic acids, comprise a family of nine-carbon keto-sugars ubiquitous on mammalian mucous membranes as terminal modifications of mucin glycoproteins. Sialic acids have a limited distribution among bacteria, and the ability to catabolize sialic acids is mainly confined to pathogenic and commensal species. This ability to utilize sialic acid as a carbon source is correlated with bacterial virulence, especially, in the sialic acid rich environment of the oral cavity, respiratory, intestinal, and urogenital tracts. This chapter discusses the distribution of sialic acid catabolizers among the sequenced bacterial genomes and examines the studies that have linked sialic acid catabolism with increased in vivo fitness in a number of species using several animal models. This chapter presents the most recent findings in sialobiology with a focus on sialic acid catabolism, which demonstrates an important relationship between the catabolism of sialic acid and bacterial pathogenesis.
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Ten Bruggencate SJ, Frederiksen PD, Pedersen SM, Floris-Vollenbroek EG, Lucas-van de Bos E, van Hoffen E, Wejse PL. Dietary Milk-Fat-Globule Membrane Affects Resistance to Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Healthy Adults in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study. J Nutr 2016; 146:249-55. [PMID: 26701793 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.214098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The milk-fat-globule membrane (MFGM) contains phospholipids and membrane glycoproteins that have been shown to affect pathogen colonization and gut barrier integrity. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we determined whether commercial heat-treated MFGM can increase resistance to diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. METHODS A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, 4-wk parallel-intervention study was conducted in healthy adults. Participants were randomly assigned to a milk protein concentrate rich in MFGM [10 g Lacprodan PL-20 (Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S), twice daily; n = 30; MFGM group) or a control [10 g Miprodan 30 (sodium caseinate), twice daily; n = 28]. After 2 wk, participants were orally challenged with live, attenuated diarrheagenic E. coli (10(10) colony-forming units). Primary outcomes were infection-induced diarrhea and fecal diarrheagenic E. coli excretion. Secondary outcomes were gastrointestinal symptoms [Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS)], stool frequency, and stool consistency (Bristol Stool Scale). RESULTS Diarrheagenic E. coli resulted in increased fecal output, lower relative fecal dry weight, increased fecal E. coli numbers, and an increase in stool frequency and gastrointestinal complaints at day 1 after challenge. MFGM significantly decreased the E. coli-induced changes in reported stool frequency (1.1 ± 0.1 stools/d in the MFGM group; 1.6 ± 0.2 stools/d in the control group; P = 0.04) and gastrointestinal complaints at day 2 (1.1 ± 0.5 and 2.5 ± 0.6 GSRS scores in the MFGM and control groups, respectively; P = 0.05). MFGM did not affect fecal wet weight and E. coli excretion at day 2 after challenge. CONCLUSIONS The attenuated diarrheagenic E. coli strain transiently induced mild symptoms of a food-borne infection, with complete recovery of reported clinical symptoms within 2 d. The present diarrheagenic E. coli challenge trial conducted in healthy adults indicates that a milk concentrate rich in natural, bioactive phospho- and sphingolipids from the MFGM may improve in vivo resistance to diarrheagenic E. coli. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01800396.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon M Pedersen
- Arla Strategic Innovation Center, Arla Foods amba, Brabrand, Denmark
| | | | | | - Els van Hoffen
- Department of Nutrition and Health, NIZO Food Research, Ede, Netherlands
| | - Peter L Wejse
- Arla Strategic Innovation Center, Arla Foods amba, Brabrand, Denmark
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15
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Kato K, Ishiwa A. The role of carbohydrates in infection strategies of enteric pathogens. Trop Med Health 2014; 43:41-52. [PMID: 25859152 PMCID: PMC4361345 DOI: 10.2149/tmh.2014-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric pathogens cause considerable public health concerns worldwide including tropical regions. Here, we review the roles of carbohydrates in the infection strategies of various enteric pathogens including viruses, bacteria and protozoa, which infect the epithelial lining of the human and animal intestine. At host cell entry, enteric viruses, including norovirus, recognize mainly histo-blood group antigens. At the initial step of bacterial infections, carbohydrates also function as receptors for attachment. Here, we describe the function of carbohydrates in infection by Salmonella enterica and several bacterial species that produce a variety of fimbrial adhesions. During invasion by enteropathogenic protozoa, apicomplexan parasites utilize sialic acids or sulfated glycans. Carbohydrates serve as receptors for infection by these microbes; however, their usage of carbohydrates varies depending on the microbe. On the surface of the mucosal tissues of the gastrointestinal tract, various carbohydrate moieties are present and play a crucial role in infection, representing the site of infection or route of access for most microbes. During the infection and/or invasion process of the microbes, carbohydrates function as receptors for various microbes, but they can also function as a barrier to infection. One approach to develop effective prophylactic and therapeutic antimicrobial agents is to modify the drug structure. Another approach is to modify the mode of inhibition of infection depending on the individual pathogen by using and mimicking the interactions with carbohydrates. In addition, similarities in mode of infection may also be utilized. Our findings will be useful in the development of new drugs for the treatment of enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kato
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine , Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan ; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishiwa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine , Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan ; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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16
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Functional analysis of AI-2/LuxS from bacteria in Chinese fermented meat after high nitrate concentration shock. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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ten Bruggencate SJM, Bovee-Oudenhoven IMJ, Feitsma AL, van Hoffen E, Schoterman MHC. Functional role and mechanisms of sialyllactose and other sialylated milk oligosaccharides. Nutr Rev 2014; 72:377-89. [PMID: 24828428 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is a rich source of oligosaccharides. Acidic oligosaccharides, such as sialyllactose (SL), contain sialic acid (SA) residues. In human milk, approximately 73% of SA is bound to oligosaccharides, whereas only 3% is present in free form. Oligosaccharides are highly resistant to hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract. Only a small portion of the available oligosaccharides in breast milk is absorbed in the neonatal small intestine. SL and sialylated oligosaccharides are thought to have significant health benefits for the neonate, because of their roles in supporting resistance to pathogens, gut maturation, immune function, and cognitive development. The need for SA to allow proper development during the neonatal period is thought to exceed the endogenous synthesis. Therefore, these structures are important nutrients for the neonate. Based on the potential benefits, SL and sialylated oligosaccharides may be interesting components for application in infant nutrition. Once the hurdle of limited availability of these oligosaccharides has been overcome, their functionality can be explored in more detail, and supplementation of infant formula may become feasible.
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18
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Pathogenesis of human enterovirulent bacteria: lessons from cultured, fully differentiated human colon cancer cell lines. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2014; 77:380-439. [PMID: 24006470 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00064-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hosts are protected from attack by potentially harmful enteric microorganisms, viruses, and parasites by the polarized fully differentiated epithelial cells that make up the epithelium, providing a physical and functional barrier. Enterovirulent bacteria interact with the epithelial polarized cells lining the intestinal barrier, and some invade the cells. A better understanding of the cross talk between enterovirulent bacteria and the polarized intestinal cells has resulted in the identification of essential enterovirulent bacterial structures and virulence gene products playing pivotal roles in pathogenesis. Cultured animal cell lines and cultured human nonintestinal, undifferentiated epithelial cells have been extensively used for understanding the mechanisms by which some human enterovirulent bacteria induce intestinal disorders. Human colon carcinoma cell lines which are able to express in culture the functional and structural characteristics of mature enterocytes and goblet cells have been established, mimicking structurally and functionally an intestinal epithelial barrier. Moreover, Caco-2-derived M-like cells have been established, mimicking the bacterial capture property of M cells of Peyer's patches. This review intends to analyze the cellular and molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of human enterovirulent bacteria observed in infected cultured human colon carcinoma enterocyte-like HT-29 subpopulations, enterocyte-like Caco-2 and clone cells, the colonic T84 cell line, HT-29 mucus-secreting cell subpopulations, and Caco-2-derived M-like cells, including cell association, cell entry, intracellular lifestyle, structural lesions at the brush border, functional lesions in enterocytes and goblet cells, functional and structural lesions at the junctional domain, and host cellular defense responses.
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19
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Wagner C, Barlag B, Gerlach RG, Deiwick J, Hensel M. TheSalmonella entericagiant adhesin SiiE binds to polarized epithelial cells in a lectin-like manner. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:962-75. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Wagner
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie; Universität Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
- Mikrobiologisches Institut; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen; Erlangen Germany
| | - Britta Barlag
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie; Universität Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
| | | | - Jörg Deiwick
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie; Universität Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
| | - Michael Hensel
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie; Universität Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
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20
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Guevara CP, Luiz WB, Sierra A, Cruz C, Qadri F, Kaushik RS, Ferreira LCS, Gómez-Duarte OG. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli CS21 pilus contributes to adhesion to intestinal cells and to pathogenesis under in vivo conditions. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2013; 159:1725-1735. [PMID: 23760820 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.065532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Colonization surface antigens (CSs) represent key virulence-associated factors of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains. They are required for gut colonization, the first step of the diarrhoeal disease process induced by these bacteria. One of the most prevalent CSs is CS21, or longus, a type IV pili associated with bacterial self-aggregation, protection against environmental stresses, biofilm formation and adherence to epithelial cell lines. The objectives of this study were to assess the role of CS21 in adherence to primary intestinal epithelial cells and to determine if CS21 contributes to the pathogenesis of ETEC infection in vivo. We evaluated adherence of a CS21-expressing wild-type ETEC strain and an isogenic CS21-mutant strain to pig-derived intestinal cell lines. To determine the role of CS21 in pathogenesis we used the above ETEC strains in a neonatal mice challenge infection model to assess mortality. Quantitative adherence assays confirmed that ETEC adheres to primary intestinal epithelial cells lines in a CS21-dependent manner. In addition, the CS21-mediated ETEC adherence to cells was specific as purified LngA protein, the CS21 major subunit, competed for binding with the CS21-expressing ETEC while specific anti-LngA antibodies blocked adhesion to intestinal cells. Neonatal DBA/2 mice died after intra-stomach administration of CS21-expressing strains while lack of CS21 expression drastically reduced the virulence of the wild-type ETEC strain in this animal model. Collectively these results further support the role of CS21 during ETEC infection and add new evidence on its in vivo relevance in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Guevara
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - W B Luiz
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Sierra
- Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - C Cruz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - F Qadri
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - R S Kaushik
- Departments of Biology and Microbiology, and Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - L C S Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - O G Gómez-Duarte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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21
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Salcedo J, Barbera R, Matencio E, Alegría A, Lagarda MJ. Gangliosides and sialic acid effects upon newborn pathogenic bacteria adhesion: an in vitro study. Food Chem 2012; 136:726-34. [PMID: 23122120 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the main gangliosides (GM(1), GM(3), GD(3)) and free sialic acid (Neu5Ac) upon the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria implicated in infant diarrhoea is assessed in vitro using the Caco-2 cell line. Concentrations of the bioactive compounds found in the bioaccessible (soluble) fraction of infant formula and human milk are employed. Bacterial adhesion behaviour included enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC), Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella entericaserovartyphi, Shigella sonnei, Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori. Three different approaches were assayed: pre-incubation of bacteria and compounds before addition to cells (competition); pre-incubation of the cells with compounds (exclusion); and pre-incubation of cells with bacteria (displacement). Furthermore, the spatial localization of the most abundant gangliosides, GM(3) and GD(3), in Caco-2 cells has been determined using confocal microscopy. Results show that GM(3), GD(3), GM(1) and Neu5Ac at the assayed concentrations are able to interfere with the adhesion of several pathogenic bacteria involved in neonatal diseases-the greatest effect corresponding to Neu5Ac, followed by GD(3), GM(1) and GM(3). Gangliosides GM(3) and GD(3) are located in the apical and basolateral membranes of the Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Salcedo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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22
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Liu B, Yu Z, Chen C, Kling DE, Newburg DS. Human milk mucin 1 and mucin 4 inhibit Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. J Nutr 2012; 142:1504-9. [PMID: 22718031 PMCID: PMC3397338 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.155614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many human milk glycans inhibit pathogen binding to host receptors and their consumption by infants is associated with reduced risk of disease. Salmonella infection is more frequent among infants than among the general population, but the incidence is lower in breast-fed babies, suggesting that human milk could contain components that inhibit Salmonella. This study aimed to test whether human milk per se inhibits Salmonella invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro and, if so, to identify the milk components responsible for inhibition. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 (SL1344) invasion of FHs 74 Int and Caco-2 cells were the models of human intestinal epithelium infection. Internalization of fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate-labeled SL1344 into intestinal cells was measured by flow cytometry to quantify infection. Human milk and its fractions inhibited infection; the inhibitory activity localized to the high molecular weight glycans. Mucin 1 and mucin 4 were isolated to homogeneity. At 150 μg/L, a typical concentration in milk, human milk mucin 1 and mucin 4 inhibited SL1344 invasion of both target cell types. These mucins inhibited SL1344 invasion of epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, mucins may prove useful as a basis for developing novel oral prophylactic and therapeutic agents that inhibit infant diseases caused by Salmonella and related pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and,Program in Glycobiology, Department of Biology, Boston College, MA
| | - Zhuoteng Yu
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and,Program in Glycobiology, Department of Biology, Boston College, MA
| | - Ceng Chen
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and,Program in Glycobiology, Department of Biology, Boston College, MA
| | - David E. Kling
- Program in Glycobiology, Department of Biology, Boston College, MA
| | - David S. Newburg
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and,Program in Glycobiology, Department of Biology, Boston College, MA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail:
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23
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Putative type VI secretion systems of Vibrio parahaemolyticus contribute to adhesion to cultured cell monolayers. Arch Microbiol 2012; 194:827-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-012-0816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Cao M, Feng Y, Wang C, Zheng F, Li M, Liao H, Mao Y, Pan X, Wang J, Hu D, Hu F, Tang J. Functional definition of LuxS, an autoinducer-2 (AI-2) synthase and its role in full virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 2. J Microbiol 2011; 49:1000-11. [PMID: 22203565 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-011-1523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing is a widespread chemical communication in response to fluctuation of bacterial population density, and has been implicated into bacterial biofilm formation and regulation of expression of virulence factors. The luxS gene product, S-ribosylhomocysteinase, catalizes the last committed step in biosynthetic pathway of autoinducer 2 (AI-2), a signaling molecule for inter-species quorum sensing. We found a luxS homologue in 05ZYH33, an epidemic strain of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) in China. A luxS null mutant (ΔluxS) of 05ZYH33 strain was obtained using an approach of homologous recombination. LuxS was determined to be required for AI-2 production in 05ZYH33 strain of S. suis 2. Inactivation of luxS gene led to a wide range of phenotypic changes including thinner capsular walls, increased tolerance to H(2)O(2), reduced adherence capacity to epithelial cells, etc. In particular, loss of LuxS impaired dramatically its full virulence of SS2 in experimental model of piglets, and functional complementation restored it nearly to the level of parent strain. Genome-wide transcriptome analyses suggested that some known virulence factors such as CPS are down-regulated in the ΔluxS mutant, which might in part explain virulence attenuation by luxS deletion. Similarly, 29 of 71 genes with different expression level were proposed to be targets candidate regulated by LuxS/AI-2-dependent quorum sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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