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Yao X, Song Q, Zhu W, Wei J, Shao D, Liu K, Li Z, Qiu Y, Ma Z, Xia L, Li B. Characterization of small plasmids carrying florfenicol resistance gene floR in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida isolates from swine in China. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1084491. [PMID: 36793377 PMCID: PMC9922843 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1084491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida are two important bacterial pathogens in swine industry. In the present study, resistance profiles of nine commonly used antibiotics of A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida isolates of swine origin from different regions of China were investigated by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). In addition, genetic relationship of the florfenicol-resistant A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The genetic basis of florfenicol resistance in these isolates were explored by floR detection and whole genome sequencing. High resistance rates (>25%) of florfenicol, tetracycline and trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole were observed for both bacteria. No ceftiofur- and tiamulin- resistant isolates were detected. Furthermore, all the 17 florfenicol-resistant isolates (nine for A. pleuropneumoniae and eight for P. multocida) were positive for floR gene. The presence of similar PFGE types in these isolates suggested that clonal expansion of some floR-producing strains occurred in the pig farms from same regions. WGS and PCR screening showed that three plasmids, named pFA11, pMAF5, and pMAF6, were the cargos of the floR genes in the 17 isolates. Plasmid pFA11 exhibited novel structure and carried several resistance genes, including floR, sul2, aacC2d, strA, strB, and bla ROB - 1. Plasmids pMAF5 and pMAF6 were presented in A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida isolates from different regions, suggesting horizontal transfer of the two plasmids are important for the floR dissemination in these Pasteurellaceae pathogens. Further studies of florfenicol resistance and its transfer vectors in Pasteurellaceae bacteria of veterinary origin are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China,College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urmuqi, China
| | - Qiangqiang Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China,College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urmuqi, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Tengzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Shandong Province, Tengzhou, China
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghua Shao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongjie Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafeng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lining Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urmuqi, China,*Correspondence: Lining Xia ✉
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China,Beibei Li ✉
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Genetic Diversity of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serovars in Hungary. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100511. [PMID: 36288125 PMCID: PMC9607985 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae causes severe pneumonia in pigs, resulting in high economic losses. A total of 114 isolates from pneumonia were characterized by the examination of biotype, serovar, antibiotic resistance genes, and genes of toxin production. Analyzing their genetic relationship, 16 groups of related isolates were found. The genetic diversity was different in the different groups, however. It was remarkably small in the case of serovar 13, which was unusually frequent in Hungary. Therefore, representative isolates of serovar 13 were subjected to whole-genome sequencing, confirming low diversity. Antibiotic resistance was frequently found in isolates of serovar 13 but was less frequent in other serovars. The unusually high frequency and low diversity of serovar 13 suggest a clonal spread in Hungary, which may have been facilitated by a high frequency of resistance to beta-lactams and tetracyclines. Abstract A total of 114 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from porcine hemorrhagic necrotic pleuropneumonia were characterized by the examination of biotype, serovar, antibiotic resistance genes, and genes of toxin production. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to analyze their genetic relationship, which identified 16 clusters. Serovar 2 (50 isolates), serovar 13 (25 isolates), serovar 9 (11 isolates), and serovar 16 (7 isolates) were the most frequent serovars. Serovar 2 formed nine distinguishable clusters; serovar 13 and serovar 16 were less diverse, exhibiting two potentially related subclusters; serovar 9 was represented by a single cluster. Remarkably small differences were seen in the core genome when nine representative isolates of serovar 13 were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Tetracycline resistance was relatively frequent in the two clusters of serovar 13; one of them was also frequently resistant against beta-lactams. Resistance in other serovars was sporadic. All isolates carried the apxIV gene. The toxin profiles of serovar 2 were characterized by the production of ApxII and ApxIII toxins, except for a small cluster of three isolates: serovar 9 and serovar 16 isolates produced ApxI and ApxII toxins. Serovar 13 carried apxII and apxIBD genes, indicating the production of the ApxII toxin, but not of ApxI or ApxIII. The unusually high frequency and low diversity of serovar 13 are not explained by its virulence properties, but the high frequency of resistance to beta-lactams and tetracyclines may have played a role in its spread. The emergence of serovar 16 may be facilitated by its high virulence, also explaining its high clonality.
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Yoo AN, Cha SB, Shin MK, Won HK, Kim EH, Choi HW, Yoo HS. Serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns of the recent Korean Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
isolates. Vet Rec 2014; 174:223. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. N. Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases; College of Veterinary Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - S. B. Cha
- Department of Infectious Diseases; College of Veterinary Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - M. K. Shin
- Department of Infectious Diseases; College of Veterinary Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - H. K. Won
- Department of Infectious Diseases; College of Veterinary Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory Co. Ltd.; Daejeon 305-348 Korea
| | - E. H. Kim
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory Co. Ltd.; Daejeon 305-348 Korea
| | - H. W. Choi
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory Co. Ltd.; Daejeon 305-348 Korea
| | - H. S. Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases; College of Veterinary Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
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Marois-Créhan C, Lacouture S, Jacques M, Fittipaldi N, Kobisch M, Gottschalk M. Development of two real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to detect Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars 1-9-11 and serovar 2. J Vet Diagn Invest 2014; 26:146-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638713519090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two real-time, or quantitative, polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were developed to detect Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars 1-9-11 (highly related serovars with similar virulence potential) and serovar 2, respectively. The specificity of these assays was verified on a collection of 294 strains, which included all 16 reference A. pleuropneumoniae strains (including serovars 5a and 5b), 263 A. pleuropneumoniae field strains isolated between 1992 and 2009 in different countries, and 15 bacterial strains other than A. pleuropneumoniae. The detection levels of both qPCR tests were evaluated using 10-fold dilutions of chromosomal DNA from reference strains of A. pleuropneumoniae serovars 1 and 2, and the detection limit for both assays was 50 fg per assay. The analytical sensitivities of the qPCR tests were also estimated by using pure cultures and tonsils experimentally spiked with A. pleuropneumoniae. The detection threshold was 2.5 × 104 colony forming units (CFU)/ml and 2.9 × 105 CFU/0.1 g of tonsil, respectively, for both assays. These specific and sensitive tests can be used for the serotyping of A. pleuropneumoniae in diagnostic laboratories to control porcine pleuropneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Marois-Créhan
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES)
- Ploufragan—Plouzané Laboratory, European University of Brittany, Mycoplasmology—Bacteriology unit Ploufragan, France (Marois-Créhan, Kobisch)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Lacouture, Jacques, Gottschalk)
- Public Health Ontario, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Fittipaldi)
| | - Sonia Lacouture
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES)
- Ploufragan—Plouzané Laboratory, European University of Brittany, Mycoplasmology—Bacteriology unit Ploufragan, France (Marois-Créhan, Kobisch)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Lacouture, Jacques, Gottschalk)
- Public Health Ontario, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Fittipaldi)
| | - Mario Jacques
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES)
- Ploufragan—Plouzané Laboratory, European University of Brittany, Mycoplasmology—Bacteriology unit Ploufragan, France (Marois-Créhan, Kobisch)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Lacouture, Jacques, Gottschalk)
- Public Health Ontario, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Fittipaldi)
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES)
- Ploufragan—Plouzané Laboratory, European University of Brittany, Mycoplasmology—Bacteriology unit Ploufragan, France (Marois-Créhan, Kobisch)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Lacouture, Jacques, Gottschalk)
- Public Health Ontario, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Fittipaldi)
| | - Marylène Kobisch
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES)
- Ploufragan—Plouzané Laboratory, European University of Brittany, Mycoplasmology—Bacteriology unit Ploufragan, France (Marois-Créhan, Kobisch)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Lacouture, Jacques, Gottschalk)
- Public Health Ontario, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Fittipaldi)
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES)
- Ploufragan—Plouzané Laboratory, European University of Brittany, Mycoplasmology—Bacteriology unit Ploufragan, France (Marois-Créhan, Kobisch)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada (Lacouture, Jacques, Gottschalk)
- Public Health Ontario, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Fittipaldi)
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Gouré J, Findlay WA, Deslandes V, Bouevitch A, Foote SJ, MacInnes JI, Coulton JW, Nash JHE, Jacques M. Microarray-based comparative genomic profiling of reference strains and selected Canadian field isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:88. [PMID: 19239696 PMCID: PMC2653537 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, is a highly contagious respiratory pathogen that causes severe losses to the swine industry worldwide. Current commercially-available vaccines are of limited value because they do not induce cross-serovar immunity and do not prevent development of the carrier state. Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridizations (M-CGH) were used to estimate whole genomic diversity of representative Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains. Our goal was to identify conserved genes, especially those predicted to encode outer membrane proteins and lipoproteins because of their potential for the development of more effective vaccines. Results Using hierarchical clustering, our M-CGH results showed that the majority of the genes in the genome of the serovar 5 A. pleuropneumoniae L20 strain were conserved in the reference strains of all 15 serovars and in representative field isolates. Fifty-eight conserved genes predicted to encode for outer membrane proteins or lipoproteins were identified. As well, there were several clusters of diverged or absent genes including those associated with capsule biosynthesis, toxin production as well as genes typically associated with mobile elements. Conclusion Although A. pleuropneumoniae strains are essentially clonal, M-CGH analysis of the reference strains of the fifteen serovars and representative field isolates revealed several classes of genes that were divergent or absent. Not surprisingly, these included genes associated with capsule biosynthesis as the capsule is associated with sero-specificity. Several of the conserved genes were identified as candidates for vaccine development, and we conclude that M-CGH is a valuable tool for reverse vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Gouré
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
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Sasaki H, Kawamoto E, Tanaka Y, Sawada T, Kunita S, Yagami KI. Comparative analysis of Pasteurella pneumotropica isolates from laboratory mice and rats. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2009; 95:311-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-009-9315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Turni C, Blackall PJ. An evaluation of the apxIVA based PCR-REA method for differentiation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Microbiol 2007; 121:163-9. [PMID: 17169508 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Revised: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A restriction analysis of PCR (PCR-REA) amplified apxIVA gene has been suggested as an alternative method for serotyping of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by Jaglic et al. [Jaglic, Z., Svastova, P., Rychlik, I., Nedbalcova, K., Kucerova, Z., Pavlik, I., Bartos, M., 2004. Differentiation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by PCR-REA based on sequence variability of the apxIVA gene and by ribotyping. Vet. Microbiol. 103, 63-69]. The current study investigated whether this alternative method could distinguish between the reference strains of serovars 13-15 and the value of the method when applied to 47 field isolates representing serovars 1-3, 5, 7-9, 12 and 15 as well as non-typable isolates. The reference strains of serovars 13 and 14 had the same sized product after the apxIVA PCR, while the product for serovar 15 was of different size compared to all the other serovar reference strains. The CfoI digest profiles of the reference serovars 13 and 14 strains were different from each other and from all other serovars. The HpaII digest profiles of these two serovars were very similar to each other, but both were distinctively different from the other serovar profiles. The CfoI digest profile of serovar 15 strain was very similar to the serovars 3 and 12 strains except for two faint extra bands for serovar 15. The HpaII digest profiles of serovars 12 and 15 reference strains were identical. The PCR-REA method correctly recognized the serovar of 21 of 43 field isolates. It was concluded that the method was a useful additional tool to support, but could not replace, conventional serotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Turni
- Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Animal Research Institute, Yeerongpilly, Qld 4105, Australia.
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Christensen H, Bisgaard M. Revised definition of Actinobacillus sensu stricto isolated from animals. A review with special emphasis on diagnosis. Vet Microbiol 2004; 99:13-30. [PMID: 15019108 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2003] [Accepted: 12/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The taxonomy of the members of the genus Actinobacillus associated with animals has been reviewed with focus on classification and identification including molecular based characterization, typing and identification. Out of the 22 species or species like taxa reported as Actinobacillus, 19 are associated with animals. When classified on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence based phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridizations and phenotypic analysis, Actinobacillus sensu stricto is restricted to include A. lignieresii, A. pleuropneumoniae, A. equuli subsp. equuli, A. equuli subsp. haemolyticus (taxon 11 of Bisgaard), A. hominis, A. suis, A. ureae, A. arthritidis (taxon 9 of Bisgaard), Actinobacillus genomospecies 1 and 2 and the taxa 8 and 26 of Bisgaard. The remaining 11 species of Actinobacillus are unrelated to A. sensu stricto and should consequently be grouped with other genera or be renamed as new genera depending on new data. Identification of members of Actinobacillus at species level is possible through phenotypic characterization combined with information on host of isolation. PCR tests are available for specific detection of A. pleuropneumoniae. Only A. pleuropneumoniae is presently considered as a primary pathogen. Based on different types of RTX genes it is possible to PCR type A. pleuropneumoniae to serotype level. PCR might also be used for the specific detection of A. equuli subsp. haemolyticus. Epidemiological investigations and surveillance have so far included serotyping, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), ribotyping and restriction fragment length profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Christensen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is an important veterinary and opportunistic human pathogen. The species is diverse and complex with respect to antigenic variation, host predeliction and pathogenesis. Certain serological types are the aetiologic agents of severe pasteurellosis, such as fowl cholera in domestic and wild birds, bovine haemorrhagic septicaemia and porcine atrophic rhinitis. The recent application of molecular methods such as the polymerase chain reaction, restriction endonuclease analysis, ribotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, gene cloning, characterisation and recombinant protein expression, mutagenesis, plasmid and bacteriophage analysis and genomic mapping, have greatly increased our understanding of P. multocida and has provided researchers with a number of molecular tools to study pathogenesis and epidemiology at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Hunt
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Oswald W, Konine DV, Rohde J, Gerlach GF. First chromosomal restriction map of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and localization of putative virulence-associated genes. J Bacteriol 1999; 181:4161-9. [PMID: 10400571 PMCID: PMC93915 DOI: 10.1128/jb.181.14.4161-4169.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined physical and genetic maps of the genomes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae AP76 (serotype 7 clinical isolate) and of A. pleuropneumoniae ATCC 27088 (serotype 1 reference strain) were constructed by using the restriction endonucleases ApaI, AscI, NotI, and SalI. The chromosome sizes as determined by the addition of estimated fragment sizes were 2.4 Mbp, and both maps had a resolution of approximately 100 kbp. The linkages between the ApaI, AscI, NotI, and SalI fragments and their relative positions were determined by (i) fragment excision and redigestion and (ii) partial digests of defined fragments and Southern blot using end-standing probes. The single SalI site within the chromosome of strain A. pleuropneumoniae AP76 was defined as position 1 of the map; for the map of A. pleuropneumoniae ATCC 27088, the corresponding SalI site was chosen. Putative virulence-associated genes (apx, omlA, sodA, tbpBA, ureC, and a repeat element) and housekeeping genes (glyA, metJ, recA, and rhoAP) were positioned on the physical maps and located on the ApaI and NotI fragments of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype reference strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Oswald
- Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Tierseuchen, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
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