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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Jiao S, Wang Y, Sa R, Zhao F, Xie J. Short-term supplementation with uncoated and encapsulated Enterococcus faecium affected growth performance, gut microbiome and intestinal barrier integrity in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103808. [PMID: 38761463 PMCID: PMC11133978 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) is an alternative to antibiotics, while the probiotic effect of short-term application in mature broiler chickens remains unclear. In the current study, 48 Arbor Acres male broilers were chosen to investigate the effects of E. faecium on growth performance, the gut microbiome and intestinal health during the finishing period. Forty-eight birds were randomly allocated to 4 treatment groups that were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet (Con), a basal diet supplemented with 1 g/kg amoxicillin (ABX), 5×106 CFU/g encapsulated E. faecium (cEF), or 5×106 CFU/g uncoated E. faecium (EF) from d 33 to 42. The results showed that 10 d of antibiotic treatment decreased the growth performance of the broilers (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio of the cEF and EF groups were lower than that of the Con group by 0.13 and 0.07, respectively (P > 0.05). The abundance of viable ileal and cecal E. faecium in the cEF group was greater than that in the EF group (P < 0.05), and both groups were markedly greater than those in the Con and ABX groups (P < 0.05). The ABX treatment decreased the Shannon and Chao1 indices of the cecal microbiota, while the dietary E. faecium treatment resulted in significant differences in the β diversity of the ileal and cecal microbiota (P < 0.05). Mantel correlation revealed that the ileal microbiota at the genus level was significantly correlated with the growth performance of broilers, with Lactobacillus, Bacillus and Escherichia-Shigella showing positive and strong correlations (P < 0.05). In the ileum, the crypt depth was lower in the cEF group than in the Con group, but the villi height-to-crypt depth ratio was greater in the cEF group than in the other groups (P = 0.037). However, the expression of the ZO-2 and Occludin genes was downregulated in the E. faecium-fed birds (P < 0.05). In the cecum, the acetate, butyrate and total SCFA levels were greater in the EF group (P < 0.05), while the propionate, isobutyrate and isovalerate levels were lower in the ABX group (P < 0.05). In summary, 10 d of dietary supplementation with E. faecium markedly increased colonization in mature broilers and potentially improved growth performance by modulating the ileal microbiota. Encapsulation techniques could enable a slow release of E. faecium in the intestine, thereby reducing the negative impacts of rapid expansion of E. faecium on the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Youyou Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Songjun Jiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Renna Sa
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Kesh K, Tao J, Ghosh N, Jalodia R, Singh S, Dawra R, Roy S. Prescription opioids induced microbial dysbiosis worsens severity of chronic pancreatitis and drives pain hypersensitivity. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2310291. [PMID: 38329115 PMCID: PMC10857465 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2310291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Opioids, such as morphine and oxycodone, are widely used for pain management associated with chronic pancreatitis (CP); however, their impact on the progression and pain sensitivity of CP has never been evaluated. This report investigates the impact of opioid use on the severity of CP, pain sensitivity, and the gut microbiome. C57BL/6 mice were divided into control, CP, CP with morphine/oxycodone, and either morphine or oxycodone alone groups. CP was induced by administration of caerulein (50ug/kg/h, i.p. hourly x7, twice a week for 10 weeks). The mouse-to-pancreas weight ratio, histology, and Sirius red staining were performed to measure CP severity. Tail flick and paw pressure assays were used to measure thermal and mechanical pain. DNA was extracted from the fecal samples and subjected to whole-genome shotgun sequencing. Germ-free mice were used to validate the role of gut microbiome in sensitizing acute pancreatic inflammation. Opioid treatment exacerbates CP by increasing pancreatic necrosis, fibrosis, and immune-cell infiltration. Opioid-treated CP mice exhibited enhanced pain hypersensitivity and showed distinct clustering of the gut microbiome compared to untreated CP mice, with severely compromised gut barrier integrity. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from opioid-treated CP mice into germ-free mice resulted in pancreatic inflammation in response to a suboptimal caerulein dose. Together, these analyses revealed that opioids worsen the severity of CP and induce significant alterations in pain sensitivity and the gut microbiome in a caerulein CP mouse model. Microbial dysbiosis plays an important role in sensitizing the host to pancreatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousik Kesh
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Junyi Tao
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nillu Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Richa Jalodia
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Salma Singh
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rajinder Dawra
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sabita Roy
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Wen Y, Yang L, Wang Z, Liu X, Gao M, Zhang Y, Wang J, He P. Blocked conversion of Lactobacillus johnsonii derived acetate to butyrate mediates copper-induced epithelial barrier damage in a pig model. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:218. [PMID: 37777765 PMCID: PMC10542248 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-copper diets have been widely used to promote growth performance of pigs, but excess copper supplementation can also produce negative effects on ecosystem stability and organism health. High-copper supplementation can damage the intestinal barrier and disturb the gut microbiome community. However, the specific relationship between high-copper-induced intestinal damage and gut microbiota or its metabolites is unclear. OBJECTIVE Using fecal microbiota transplantation and metagenomic sequencing, responses of colonic microbiota to a high-copper diet was profiled. In addition, via comparison of specific bacteria and its metabolites rescue, we investigated a network of bacteria-metabolite interactions involving conversion of specific metabolites as a key mechanism linked to copper-induced damage of the colon. RESULTS High copper induced colonic damage, Lactobacillus extinction, and reduction of SCFA (acetate and butyrate) concentrations in pigs. LefSe analysis and q-PCR results confirmed the extinction of L. johnsonii. In addition, transplanting copper-rich fecal microbiota to ABX mice reproduced the gut characteristics of the pig donors. Then, L. johnsonii rescue could restore decreased SCFAs (mainly acetate and butyrate) and colonic barrier damage including thinner mucus layer, reduced colon length, and tight junction protein dysfunction. Given that acetate and butyrate concentrations exhibited a positive correlation with L. johnsonii abundance, we investigated how L. johnsonii exerted its effects by supplementing acetate and butyrate. L. johnsonii and butyrate administration but not acetate could correct the damaged colonic barrier. Acetate administration had no effects on butyrate concentration, indicating blocked conversion from acetate to butyrate. Furthermore, L. johnsonii rescue enriched a series of genera with butyrate-producing ability, mainly Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we reveal the microbiota-mediated mechanism of high-copper-induced colonic damage in piglets. A high-copper diet can induce extinction of L. johnsonii which leads to colonic barrier damage and loss of SCFA production. Re-establishment of L. johnsonii normalizes the SCFA-producing pathway and restores colonic barrier function. Mechanistically, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group mediated conversion of acetate produced by L. johnsonii to butyrate is indispensable in the protection of colonic barrier function. Collectively, these findings provide a feasible mitigation strategy for gut damage caused by high-copper diets. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Luqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pingli He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Park DY, Hwang J, Kim Y, Lee D, Kim YY, Kim HS, Hwang I. Antimicrobial activity of Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains isolated from the human oral cavity against Streptococcus mutans. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7969. [PMID: 37198248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral probiotics have been recently gaining much attention owing to their potential to inhibit the progression of dental caries by controlling the cariogenic effects of Streptococcus mutans. We isolated and genotypically identified 77 lactic acid bacteria including 12 Limosilactobacillus fermentum probiotic candidates from the oral cavity of healthy volunteers. Among the 12 L. fermentum isolates, nine isolates effectively inhibited the growth of S. mutans via hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. The others neither suppressed the growth of S. mutans nor produced H2O2. Eight out of the nine H2O2-producing L. fermentum isolates exhibited strong adherence to oral epithelial KB cells while inhibiting the adherence of S. mutans to KB cells. The eight H2O2-producing isolates were neither haemolytic based on a blood-agar test, cytotoxic according to lactate dehydrogenase assay, nor resistant to eight antibiotics represented by the European Food Safety Authority guideline, indicating that the isolates have potential to suppress the cariogenesis driven by S. mutans while providing general probiotic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yunji Kim
- Apple Tree Institute of Biomedical Science, Apple Tree Medical Foundation, Goyang-Si, South Korea
| | - Dahye Lee
- Apple Tree Dental Hospital, Apple Tree Medical Foundation, Goyang-Si, South Korea
| | - Young-Youn Kim
- Apple Tree Institute of Biomedical Science, Apple Tree Medical Foundation, Goyang-Si, South Korea
- Apple Tree Dental Hospital, Apple Tree Medical Foundation, Goyang-Si, South Korea
| | - Hye-Sung Kim
- Apple Tree Institute of Biomedical Science, Apple Tree Medical Foundation, Goyang-Si, South Korea
- Apple Tree Dental Hospital, Apple Tree Medical Foundation, Goyang-Si, South Korea
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Amin M, Adams MB, Burke CM, Bolch CJS. Screening and activity of potential gastrointestinal probiotic lactic acid bacteria against Yersinia ruckeri O1b. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:369-379. [PMID: 36601713 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Yersiniosis of cultured Atlantic salmon is a recurrent fish health management challenge in many continents. The causative organism, Yersinia ruckeri, can reside latently in the gut and lead to acute infection and disease during hatchery and sea-transfer stages. One potential prevention approach is the administration of probiotic bacteria to suppress gut colonization of Y. ruckeri. Our study aimed to isolate and identify anti-Yersinia activity among lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of aquatic animals. Of the 186 aquatic GIT isolates examined, three strains showed diffusible antimicrobial activity towards Y. ruckeri O1b. Analysis of 16 s rRNA gene sequences indicated the three bacterial strains were Enterococci, related to Enterococcus sp. (99%), Enterococcus thailandicus (99%), and Enterococcus durans (99%). Anti-Yersinia activity was maintained at neutral pH (~6.5-7.0), and in-vitro environmental tolerance assays showed the three strains could withstand simulated salmonids gastrointestinal tract conditions of: low pH (3.4) and 3% bile salt content. All three Enterococci strains showed higher adhesion to the intestinal mucus of Atlantic salmon than Y. ruckeri O1b (E. durans 24%, E. enterococcus sp. 25% and E. thailandicus 98%, compared to Y. ruckeri O1b 5%). However, only Enterococcus sp. and E. thailandicus were able to grow in the salmon intestinal mucus broth while E. durans showed no growth. Anti-Yersinia activity was completely inactivated by proteinase-K treatment, suggesting that the active compound/s are proteinaceous and may be bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS). Our data indicate that Enterococcus sp. MA176 and E. thailandicus MA122 are potential probionts for the prevention of yersiniosis in salmonids. Further in-vivo studies are required to determine whether these bacteria reduce the incidence of yersiniosis in Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Amin
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), Launceston, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Mark B Adams
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), Launceston, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Christopher M Burke
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), Launceston, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Christopher J S Bolch
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), Launceston, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
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Microbial Fermented Liquid Supplementation Improves Nutrient Digestibility, Feed Intake, and Milk Production in Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Total Mixed Ration. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050933. [PMID: 36899790 PMCID: PMC10000028 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effects of MFL supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk yield, and milk composition in early lactating dairy cows. Twelve, Thai crossbred Holstein Friesian cows in early lactation, 500 ± 30 kg of body weight (BW), were randomly assigned according to a completely randomized design (CRD). MFL supplementation levels of 0, 100, 200, and 300 mL/d were used as treatments. Experimental animals were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) with a roughage to concentrate ratio (R:C ratio) of 40:60, which contains 12% crude protein (CP) and 70% total digestible nutrient (TDN). Rice straw was a roughage source. MFL supplementation levels had no effect (p > 0.05) on body weight change and dry matter intake (DMI) expressed as %BW, whereas DMI expressed as metabolic body weight (BW0.75) was linearly (p < 0.05) increased, with the highest at 200 mL/d in the YFL supplementation group (147.5 g/kg BW0.75), whereas feed intake of organic matter (OM), CP, ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) did not significant (p > 0.05) difference among treatments. Related to apparent digestibility, MFL levels did not affect (p > 0.05) on DM, OM, and EE digestibility, while apparent digestibility of CP, NDF, and ADF were linearly increased (p < 0.05) when increasing MFL supplementation levels, and the highest (p < 0.05) were the 200 and 300 mL/d FML supplemented groups. BUN at 0 h post feeding did not show a significant difference (p > 0.05) between treatments, while at 4 h after feeding, BUN was linearly (p < 0.05) increased from 0, 100, 200, and 300 (mL/day) MFL supplementation, the values were 12.9, 13.1, 19.7, and 18.4 mg/dL, respectively and the highest was 200 mL/head/day for the MFL supplemented group. MFL supplementation did not affect (p > 0.05) milk fat, lactose, solid not fat (SNF), and specific gravity of milk, while MFL supplementation at 200 mL/day caused a linear increase (p < 0.01) in BUN, MUN, milk yield, milk protein, total solids (TS) and 3.5% FCM when supplement levels were increased. In conclusion, MFL supplementation in early lactating dairy cows could improve feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk yield, and milk composition.
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Shim H. Three Innovations of Next-Generation Antibiotics: Evolvability, Specificity, and Non-Immunogenicity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020204. [PMID: 36830114 PMCID: PMC9952447 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a silent pandemic exacerbated by the uncontrolled use of antibiotics. Since the discovery of penicillin, we have been largely dependent on microbe-derived small molecules to treat bacterial infections. However, the golden era of antibiotics is coming to an end, as the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance against these antibacterial compounds are outpacing the discovery and development of new antibiotics. The current antibiotic market suffers from various shortcomings, including the absence of profitability and investment. The most important underlying issue of traditional antibiotics arises from the inherent properties of these small molecules being mostly broad-spectrum and non-programmable. As the scientific knowledge of microbes progresses, the scientific community is starting to explore entirely novel approaches to tackling antimicrobial resistance. One of the most prominent approaches is to develop next-generation antibiotics. In this review, we discuss three innovations of next-generation antibiotics compared to traditional antibiotics as specificity, evolvability, and non-immunogenicity. We present a number of potential antimicrobial agents, including bacteriophage-based therapy, CRISPR-Cas-based antimicrobials, and microbiome-derived antimicrobial agents. These alternative antimicrobial agents possess innovative properties that may overcome the inherent shortcomings of traditional antibiotics, and some of these next-generation antibiotics are not merely far-fetched ideas but are currently in clinical development. We further discuss some related issues and challenges such as infection diagnostics and regulatory frameworks that still need to be addressed to bring these next-generation antibiotics to the antibiotic market as viable products to combat antimicrobial resistance using a diversified set of strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Shim
- Center for Biosystems and Biotech Data Science, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
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Saha UB, Saroj SD. Lactic acid bacteria: prominent player in the fight against human pathogens. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:1435-1453. [PMID: 36154442 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2128765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The human microbiome is a unique repository of diverse bacteria. Over 1000 microbial species reside in the human gut, which predominantly influences the host's internal environment and plays a significant role in host health. Lactic acid bacteria have long been employed for multiple purposes, ranging from food to medicines. Lactobacilli, which are often used in commercial food fermentation, have improved to the point that they might be helpful in medical applications. AREAS COVERED This review summarises various clinical and experimental evidence on efficacy of lactobacilli in treating a wide range of infections. Both laboratory based and clinical studies have been discussed. EXPERT OPINION Lactobacilli are widely accepted as safe biological treatments and host immune modulators (GRAS- Generally regarded as safe) by the US Food and Drug Administration and Qualified Presumption of Safety. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of lactobacilli in the treatment and pathogenicity of bacterial infections can help with the prediction and development of innovative therapeutics aimed at pathogens which have gained resistance to antimicrobials. To formulate effective lactobacilli based therapy significant research on the effectiveness of different lactobacilli strains and its association with demographic distribution is required. Also, the side effects of such therapy needs to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjayni B Saha
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Knowledge Village, Lavale, Pune, India
| | - Sunil D Saroj
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Knowledge Village, Lavale, Pune, India
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Roth M, Goodall ECA, Pullela K, Jaquet V, François P, Henderson IR, Krause KH. Transposon-Directed Insertion-Site Sequencing Reveals Glycolysis Gene gpmA as Part of the H2O2 Defense Mechanisms in Escherichia coli. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102053. [PMID: 36290776 PMCID: PMC9598634 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a common effector of defense mechanisms against pathogenic infections. However, bacterial factors involved in H2O2 tolerance remain unclear. Here we used transposon-directed insertion-site sequencing (TraDIS), a technique allowing the screening of the whole genome, to identify genes implicated in H2O2 tolerance in Escherichia coli. Our TraDIS analysis identified 10 mutants with fitness defect upon H2O2 exposure, among which previously H2O2-associated genes (oxyR, dps, dksA, rpoS, hfq and polA) and other genes with no known association with H2O2 tolerance in E. coli (corA, rbsR, nhaA and gpmA). This is the first description of the impact of gpmA, a gene involved in glycolysis, on the susceptibility of E. coli to H2O2. Indeed, confirmatory experiments showed that the deletion of gpmA led to a specific hypersensitivity to H2O2 comparable to the deletion of the major H2O2 scavenger gene katG. This hypersensitivity was not due to an alteration of catalase function and was independent of the carbon source or the presence of oxygen. Transcription of gpmA was upregulated under H2O2 exposure, highlighting its role under oxidative stress. In summary, our TraDIS approach identified gpmA as a member of the oxidative stress defense mechanism in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Roth
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Emily C. A. Goodall
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karthik Pullela
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- READS Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrice François
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospitals of Geneva, University Medical Center, Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ian R. Henderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Bryukhanov AL, Klimko AI, Netrusov AI. Antioxidant Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria. Microbiology (Reading) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261722601439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Aggarwal S, Sabharwal V, Kaushik P, Joshi A, Aayushi A, Suri M. Postbiotics: From emerging concept to application. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.887642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome innovation has resulted in an umbrella term, postbiotics, which refers to non-viable microbial cells, metabolic byproducts and their microbial components released after lysis. Postbiotics, modulate immune response, gene expression, inhibit pathogen binding, maintain intestinal barriers, help in controlling carcinogenesis and pathogen infections. Postbiotics have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties with favorable physiological, immunological, neuro-hormonal, regulatory and metabolic reactions. Consumption of postbiotics relieves symptoms of various diseases and viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2. Postbiotics can act as alternatives for pre-probiotic specially in immunosuppressed patients, children and premature neonates. Postbiotics are used to preserve and enhance nutritional properties of food, elimination of biofilms and skin conditioning in cosmetics. Postbiotics have numerous advantages over live bacteria with no risk of bacterial translocation from the gut to blood, acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes. The process of extraction, standardization, transport, and storage of postbiotic is more natural. Bioengineering techniques such as fermentation technology, high pressure etc., may be used for the synthesis of different postbiotics. Safety assessment and quality assurance of postbiotic is important as they may induce stomach discomfort, sepsis and/or toxic shock. Postbiotics are still in their infancy compared to pre- and pro- biotics but future research in this field may contribute to improved physiological functions and host health. The current review comprehensively summarizes new frontiers of research in postbiotics.
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Oliveira GS, Freire HPS, Romano CC, Rezende RP, Evangelista AG, Meneghetti C, Costa LB. Bioprotective potential of lactic acid bacteria and their metabolites against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168. [PMID: 35849513 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the main pathogens that impacts swine production. Given the need for methods for its control, the in vitro effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their metabolites against E. coli F4 was evaluated through cell culture and microbiological analysis. The strains Limosilactobacillus fermentum 5.2, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 6.2, and L. plantarum 7.1 were selected. To evaluate the action of their metabolites, lyophilized cell-free supernatants (CFS) were used. The effect of CFS was evaluated in HT-29 intestinal lineage cells; in inhibiting the growth of the pathogen in agar; and in inhibiting the formation of biofilms. The bioprotective activity of LAB was evaluated via their potential for autoaggregation and coaggregation with E. coli. The CFS did not show cytotoxicity at lower concentrations, except for L. fermentum 5.2 CFS, which is responsible for cell proliferation at doses lower than 10 mg ml-1. The CFS were also not able to inhibit the growth of E. coli F4 in agar; however, the CFS of L. plantarum 7.1 resulted in a significant decrease in biofilm formation at a dose of 40 mg ml-1. Regarding LAB, their direct use showed great potential for autoaggregation and coaggregation in vitro, thus suggesting possible effectiveness in animal organisms, preventing E. coli fixation and proliferation. New in vitro tests are needed to evaluate lower doses of CFS to control biofilms and confirm the bioprotective potential of LAB, and in vivo tests to assess the effect of LAB and their metabolites interacting with animal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Souza Oliveira
- State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Herbert Pina Silva Freire
- State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina Romano
- State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Rachel Passos Rezende
- State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Alberto Gonçalves Evangelista
- Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, School of Life Sciences, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Camila Meneghetti
- State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro Batista Costa
- State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil.,Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, School of Life Sciences, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil
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Charalambous A, Grivogiannis E, Dieronitou I, Michael C, Rahme L, Apidianakis Y. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes Secreted Factors Exert Distinct Effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection under Normoxia or Mild Hypoxia. Metabolites 2022; 12:449. [PMID: 35629953 PMCID: PMC9146490 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota may alter a pathogen's virulence potential at polymicrobial infection sites. Here, we developed a multi-modal Drosophila assay, amenable to the assessment of human bacterial interactions using fly survival or midgut regeneration as a readout, under normoxia or mild hypoxia. Deploying a matrix of 12 by 33 one-to-one Drosophila co-infections via feeding, we classified bacterial interactions as neutral, synergistic, or antagonistic, based on fly survival. Twenty six percent of these interactions were antagonistic, mainly occurring between Proteobacteria. Specifically, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection was antagonized by various Klebsiella strains, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Escherichia coli. We validated these interactions in a second screen of 7 by 34 one-to-one Drosophila co-infections based on assessments of midgut regeneration, and in bacterial co-culture test tube assays, where antagonistic interactions depended on secreted factors produced upon high sugar availability. Moreover, Enterococci interacted synergistically with P. aeruginosa in flies and in test tubes, enhancing the virulence and pyocyanin production by P. aeruginosa. However, neither lactic acid bacteria nor their severely hypoxic culture supernatants provided a survival benefit upon P. aeruginosa infection of flies or mice, respectively. We propose that at normoxic or mildly hypoxic sites, Firmicutes may exacerbate, whereas Proteobacteria secreted factors may ameliorate, P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Charalambous
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (A.C.); (E.G.); (I.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Evangelos Grivogiannis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (A.C.); (E.G.); (I.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Irene Dieronitou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (A.C.); (E.G.); (I.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Christina Michael
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (A.C.); (E.G.); (I.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Laurence Rahme
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Yiorgos Apidianakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (A.C.); (E.G.); (I.D.); (C.M.)
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14
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Pugin B, Plüss S, Mujezinovic D, Nielsen RC, Lacroix C. Optimized UV-Spectrophotometric Assay to Screen Bacterial Uricase Activity Using Whole Cell Suspension. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:853735. [PMID: 35495677 PMCID: PMC9043897 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.853735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uricase catalyzes the conversion of uric acid into allantoin with concomitant reduction of molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. In humans, uricase is not functional, thereby predisposing individuals to hyperuricemia, a metabolic disturbance associated with gout, chronic kidney disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. The efficacy of current therapies to treat hyperuricemia is limited, and novel approaches are therefore desired, for instance using uricase-expressing probiotic strains. Here, we evaluated UV-spectrophotometric and H2O2-based fluorescent assays to enable the rapid identification of uricase activity in a broad panel of lactobacilli, Bacillus, and Bifidobacterium species. We highlighted abiotic (medium composition and mode of sterilization) and biotic (H2O2-producing strains) factors impacting the measurements' accuracy, and reported on the stepwise optimization of a simple, fast, and robust high-throughput UV-spectrophotometric method to screen uricase activity using whole bacterial suspension, thereby assessing both cell-associated and extracellular activity. The validity of the optimized assay, based on the monitoring of uric acid degradation at 300 nm, was confirmed via liquid chromatography. Finally, a panel of 319 Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) strains of lactobacilli (18 species covering nine genera), Bacillus (three species), and Bifidobacterium (four species) were screened for uricase activity using the optimized method. All 319 strains, but the positive control Bacillus sp. DSM 1306, were uricase-negative, indicating that this activity is rare among these genera, especially in isolates from food or feces. Altogether, the UV-spectrophotometric high-throughput assay based on whole bacterial suspension reported here can be used to rapidly screen large microbial collections, by simultaneously detecting cell-associated and extracellular uricase activity, thereby accelerating the identification of uricolytic strains with therapeutic potential to treat hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Pugin
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Serafina Plüss
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Denisa Mujezinovic
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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15
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Huang R, Wu F, Zhou Q, Wei W, Yue J, Xiao B, Luo Z. Lactobacillus and intestinal diseases: mechanisms of action and clinical applications. Microbiol Res 2022; 260:127019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Tomusiak-Plebanek A, Mruk M, Rząca S, Strus M, Arent Z. In Vitro assessment of anti-Campylobacter activity of lactobacillus strains isolated from canine rectal swabs. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:112. [PMID: 35317800 PMCID: PMC8939066 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacteriosis is currently the most frequently reported zoonosis. Dogs, especially puppies or those with diarrhea, are considered a possible source of human infection. Probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus species, seem to be a valuable tool in controlling of intestinal pathogenic microorganisms in dogs. The main purpose of this study was to assess the anti-Campylobacter activity and some probiotic properties, like ability to produce H2O2, bile salt and low pH tolerance of Lactobacillus strains isolated from gastrointestinal tract of healthy dogs. Results A total of 39 rectal swabs derived from healthy dogs and 19 from dogs with diarrhea were examined to detect Lactobacillus and Campylobacter bacteria respectively. In total, 30 strains of Lactobacillus genus and four strains of Campylobacter genus were isolated and identified. Of the 30 strains of Lactobacillus, 22 showed an inhibitory effect towards Campylobacter. Four strains with the strongest antagonism towards Campylobacter bacteria (L. salivarius 25 K/L/1, L. rhamnosus 42 K/L/2, L. sakei 50 K/L/1 and L. agilis 55 K/L/1) were selected to assess their potential probiotic traits. Three out of four analyzed strains produced extracellular H2O2. All displayed very good or moderate survival at pH 3.0 and 2.0 and showed high tolerance to 0.5% and 1% bile salts. Conclusions Among selected Lactobacillus strains, all may have a potential probiotic application in reducing Campylobacter spp. in dogs and thus prevent transmission of infection to humans, although the best candidate for probiotic seems to be L. sakei 50 K/L/1. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tomusiak-Plebanek
- Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 18 Czysta Street, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Martyna Mruk
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sybilla Rząca
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Strus
- Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 18 Czysta Street, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Arent
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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17
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Evangelista AG, Corrêa JAF, Dos Santos JVG, Matté EHC, Milek MM, Biauki GC, Costa LB, Luciano FB. Cell-free supernatants produced by lactic acid bacteria reduce Salmonella population in vitro. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2021; 167. [PMID: 34738887 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The genus Salmonella is closely associated with foodborne outbreaks and animal diseases, and reports of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella species are frequent. Several alternatives have been developed to control this pathogen, such as cell-free supernatants (CFS). Our objective here was to evaluate the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) CFS against Salmonella in vitro. Seventeen strains of LAB were used to produce CFS, and their antimicrobial activity was screened towards six strains of Salmonella. In addition, CFS were also pH-neutralized and/or boiled. Those with the best results were lyophilized. MICs of lyophilized CFS were 11.25-22.5 g l-1. Freeze-dried CFS were also used to supplement swine and poultry feed (11.25 g kg-1) and in vitro simulated digestion of both species was performed, with Salmonella contamination of 5×106 and 2×105 c.f.u. g-1 of swine and poultry feed, respectively. In the antimicrobial screening, all acidic CFS were able to inhibit the growth of Salmonella. After pH neutralization, Lactobacillus acidophilus Llorente, Limosilactobacillus fermentum CCT 1629, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PUCPR44, Limosilactobacillus reuteri BioGaia, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 and Pediococcus pentosaceus UM116 CFS were the only strains that partially maintained their antimicrobial activity and, therefore, were chosen for lyophilization. In the simulated swine digestion, Salmonella counts were reduced ≥1.78 log c.f.u. g-1 in the digesta containing either of the CFS. In the chicken simulation, a significant reduction was obtained with all CFS used (average reduction of 0.59±0.01 log c.f.u. ml-1). In general, the lyophilized CFS of L. fermentum CCT 1629, L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469 and L. acidophilus Llorente presented better antimicrobial activity. In conclusion, CFS show potential as feed additives to control Salmonella in animal production and may be an alternative to the use of antibiotics, minimizing problems related to antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gonçalves Evangelista
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Paraná 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Jessica Audrey Feijó Corrêa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Paraná 80215-901, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Garcia Dos Santos
- Undergraduate Program in Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Paraná 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Henrique Custódio Matté
- Undergraduate Program in Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Paraná 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Mônica Moura Milek
- Undergraduate Program in Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Paraná 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Gabrieli Camila Biauki
- Undergraduate Program in Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Paraná 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Leandro Batista Costa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Paraná 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Fernando Bittencourt Luciano
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Paraná 80215-901, Brazil
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18
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Wan Z, Sun N, Luo M, Gan B, Yao Z, Cao X, Wang H, Pan K, Shu G, Zeng Y, Zeng D, Ni X. Promotion of Egg Production Rate and Quality Using Limosilactobacillus oris BSLO 1801, a Potential Probiotic Screened from Feces of Laying Hens with Higher Egg Productive Performance. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 15:535-547. [PMID: 34697775 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this experiment, laying hens were divided into a high productive group (group H) and a low productive group (group L). The purpose of this experiment was to screen and isolate a potential probiotic associated with the laying rate from group H by comparing the results via 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. The high-throughput sequencing analysis results showed that there were some differences in the composition of the gut microbiome between groups H and L on the Phylum and Genus levels. Through isolation and identification, we screened 16 lactobacilli strains. Among the 16 strains, S5 showed good acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance, and cholesterol degradation. Therefore, we chose strain S5 (identified as Limosilactobacillus oris, named Limosilactobacillus oris BSLO 1801) as a potential probiotic to promote the productivity of ordinary laying hens. During the animal experiment, 288 Hy-line white hens (30 weeks old) were divided into four groups, with six replications (n = 12) per group. The control group received the basic diet, and the treatment groups received the same basic diet supplemented with 107 CFU/kg, 108 CFU/kg, and 109 CFU/kg of BSLO 1801. The laying hens were acclimated to the environment for 1 week before the initiation of the experiment. Dietary supplementation with 107 CFU/kg and 109 CFU/kg of BSLO 1801 increased the laying rate significantly, and the potential probiotic improved the egg weight in all treatment groups. Additionally, the cholesterol content of the yolk dropped significantly in the 109 CFU/kg group, and the weight of egg yolk was significantly increased in all treatment groups. However, no significant differences in eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, protein height, and Haugh unit were observed among the four groups. These results revealed that lactobacilli spp. are important bacteria of the intestinal microbiome in highly productive laying hens, and BSLO 1801 was isolated as a potential probiotic. Through these animal experiments, we also found that adding BSLO 1801 to the basic diet of laying hens could effectively improve the laying rate, average egg weight, and yolk weight and reduce the cholesterol content in egg yolk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Luo
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baoxing Gan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhipeng Yao
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hesong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xueqin Ni
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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19
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Mann S, Park MS, Johnston TV, Ji GE, Hwang KT, Ku S. Oral probiotic activities and biosafety of Lactobacillus gasseri HHuMIN D. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:75. [PMID: 33757506 PMCID: PMC7986493 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactobacillus spp. have been researched worldwide and are used in probiotics, but due to difficulties with laboratory cultivation of and experimentation on oral microorganisms, there are few reports of Lactobacillus spp. being isolated from the oral cavity and tested against oral pathogens. This research sought to isolate and determine the safety and inhibitory capabilities of a Lactobacillus culture taken from the human body. Results One organism was isolated, named “L. gasseri HHuMIN D”, and evaluated for safety. A 5% dilution of L. gasseri HHuMIN D culture supernatant exhibited 88.8% inhibition against halitosis-producing anaerobic microorganisms and the organism itself exhibited powerful inhibitory effects on the growth of 11 oral bacteria. Hydrogen peroxide production reached 802 μmol/L after 12 h and gradually diminished until 24 h, it efficiently aggregated with P. catoniae and S. sanguinis, and it completely suppressed S. mutans-manufactured artificial dental plaque. L. gasseri HHuMIN D’s KB cell adhesion capacity was 4.41 cells per cell, and the cell adhesion of F. nucleatum and S. mutans diminished strongly in protection and displacement assays. Conclusion These results suggest that L. gasseri HHuMIN D is a safe, bioactive, lactobacterial food ingredient, starter culture, and/or probiotic microorganism for human oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyon Mann
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | | | - Tony V Johnston
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - Geun Eog Ji
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co., Ltd, Hongcheon, 25117, Korea
| | - Keum Taek Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA.
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20
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Mann S, Park MS, Johnston TV, Ji GE, Hwang KT, Ku S. Isolation, Characterization and Biosafety Evaluation of Lactobacillus Fermentum OK with Potential Oral Probiotic Properties. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1363-1386. [PMID: 33715113 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that certain probiotic bacteria have inhibitory effects against oral pathogens. Lactobacillus spp. have been studied and used as probiotics globally, but due to difficulties with laboratory cultivation and experimentation with oral microorganisms, there are few studies on Lactobacillus spp. isolated from the oral cavity being used against oral pathogens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biosafety and inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum OK as a potential oral biotherapeutic probiotic against oral pathogens. L. fermentum OK was evaluated based on microbial and genetic characteristics. A 5% dilution of L. fermentum OK culture supernatant showed that 60% inhibition against the growth of S. mutans and L. fermentum OK displayed significant inhibitory effects against the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus sanguinis. However, proliferation of L. fermentum OK, when co-cultured with harmful oral bacteria, was retarded. L. fermentum OK was shown to produce 1130 μmol/L hydrogen peroxide, aggregate efficiently with Streptococcus sobrinus, S. gordonii, S. mutans, S. sanguinis, and P. gingivalis, and reduce S. mutans that produced artificial dental plaque by 97.9%. The in vitro cell adhesion capacity of L. fermentum OK to an oral epithelial cell line was 3.1 cells per cell and the cell adhesion of F. nucleatum and S. mutans decreased strongly in protection and displacement assays. L. fermentum OK was evaluated for safety using ammonia production, biogenic amine production, hemolytic property, mucin degradation testing, antibiotic susceptibility, and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Based on this study, L. fermentum OK appears to be a safe and bioactive lactobacterial food ingredient, starter culture, and/or probiotic microorganism for human oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyon Mann
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | | | - Tony V Johnston
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - Geun Eog Ji
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co., Ltd, Hongcheon, 25117, Korea
| | - Keum Taek Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA.
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21
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Daliri EBM, Ofosu FK, Xiuqin C, Chelliah R, Oh DH. Probiotic Effector Compounds: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:655705. [PMID: 33746935 PMCID: PMC7965967 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.655705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism behind probiotic action will enable a rational selection of probiotics, increase the chances of success in clinical studies and make it easy to substantiate health claims. However, most probiotic studies over the years have rather focused on the effects of probiotics in health and disease, whereas little is known about the specific molecules that trigger effects in hosts. This makes it difficult to describe the detailed mechanism by which a given probiotic functions. Probiotics communicate with their hosts through molecular signaling. Meanwhile, since the molecules produced by probiotics under in vitro conditions may differ from those produced in vivo, in vitro mechanistic studies would have to be conducted under conditions that mimic gastrointestinal conditions as much as possible. The ideal situation would, however, be to carry out well-designed clinical trials in humans (or the target animal) using adequate quantities of the suspected probiotic molecule(s) or adequate quantities of isogenic knock-out or knock-in probiotic mutants. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge about probiotic bacteria and yeast molecules that are involved in molecular signaling with the host. We also discuss the challenges and future perspectives in the search for probiotic effector molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Fred Kwame Ofosu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Chen Xiuqin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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22
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Sun ZH, Yao MJ, Bian X, Guo QQ, Guan HN, Yang Y, Wang B, Shi YG, Piekoszewski W, Yang XW, Zhang N. The influence of soy protein hydrolysate (SPH) addition to infant formula powder on Streptococcus thermophilus proliferation and metabolism. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110103. [PMID: 33641970 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, more and more infants are getting allergic to cow's milk protein, so it is urgent to search for infant formula powder with milk protein alternatives. In the present work, soy protein hydrolysate (SPH) was added to protein-free infant formula powder and the effects of SPH addition on proliferation and metabolism of Streptococcus thermophilus were studied. Compared with commercially available infant formula powder (CK) and protein-free milk powder (BK), the infant formula powder with 20% SPH significantly enhanced the proliferation of S. thermophilus in MRS medium, resulting in a higher cell density and greater viable counts. Moreover, the influence of SPH on the metabolism of S. thermophilus was investigated by analyzing the content of seven organic acids and H2O2 in the medium. The higher content of organic acids and H2O2 is consistent with the stronger antibacterial activity to Escherichia coli. As a consequence, the addition of SPH to infant formula powder can effectively promote the growth of probiotics and SPH may be a promising protein alternative in the infant formula powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Commerce, 36# No.138, TongDa Street, DaoLi District, Harbin 150076, PR China
| | - Ming-Jing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Commerce, 36# No.138, TongDa Street, DaoLi District, Harbin 150076, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No.41, JieFang Road, LiXia District, Jinan 250013, PR China
| | - Xin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Commerce, 36# No.138, TongDa Street, DaoLi District, Harbin 150076, PR China
| | - Qing-Qi Guo
- Forestry School, Northeast Forestry University, No.26, HeXing Street, XiangFang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Hua-Nan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Commerce, 36# No.138, TongDa Street, DaoLi District, Harbin 150076, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Commerce, 36# No.138, TongDa Street, DaoLi District, Harbin 150076, PR China
| | - Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Commerce, 36# No.138, TongDa Street, DaoLi District, Harbin 150076, PR China
| | - Yan-Guo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Commerce, 36# No.138, TongDa Street, DaoLi District, Harbin 150076, PR China
| | - Wojciech Piekoszewski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa, 30-868 Krakow, Poland; School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, FEFU Campus, Russian Island, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Xiao-Wan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Commerce, 36# No.138, TongDa Street, DaoLi District, Harbin 150076, PR China; Shanghai Special Favor Biotechnology Co., Ltd, No. 56, JunGong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Commerce, 36# No.138, TongDa Street, DaoLi District, Harbin 150076, PR China.
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van Zyl WF, Deane SM, Dicks LM. Molecular insights into probiotic mechanisms of action employed against intestinal pathogenic bacteria. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1831339. [PMID: 33112695 PMCID: PMC7595611 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1831339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, and in particular those caused by bacterial infections, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Treatment is becoming increasingly difficult due to the increase in number of species that have developed resistance to antibiotics. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have considerable potential as alternatives to antibiotics, both in prophylactic and therapeutic applications. Several studies have documented a reduction, or prevention, of GI diseases by probiotic bacteria. Since the activities of probiotic bacteria are closely linked with conditions in the host's GI-tract (GIT) and changes in the population of enteric microorganisms, a deeper understanding of gut-microbial interactions is required in the selection of the most suitable probiotic. This necessitates a deeper understanding of the molecular capabilities of probiotic bacteria. In this review, we explore how probiotic microorganisms interact with enteric pathogens in the GIT. The significance of probiotic colonization and persistence in the GIT is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winschau F. van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Shelly M. Deane
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Leon M.T. Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa,CONTACT Leon M.T. Dicks; Department of Microbiology; Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch7602, South Africa
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Mantziari A, Salminen S, Szajewska H, Malagón-Rojas JN. Postbiotics against Pathogens Commonly Involved in Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1510. [PMID: 33008065 PMCID: PMC7601467 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sustainable Development goals for 2020 included reducing all causes associated with infant and perinatal mortality in their priorities. The use of compounds with bioactive properties has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy due to their stimulating effect on the host's immune system. Additionally, biotherapeutic products such as postbiotics, tentatively defined as compounds produced during a fermentation process that support health and well-being, promote intestinal barrier integrity without posing considerable risks to children's health. Although this is a concept in development, there are increasing studies in the field of nutrition, chemistry, and health that aim to understand how postbiotics can help prevent different types of infections in priority populations such as minors under the age of five. The present review aims to describe the main mechanisms of action of postbiotics. In addition, it presents the available current evidence regarding the effects of postbiotics against pathogens commonly involved in pediatric infections. Postbiotics may constitute a safe alternative capable of modulating the cellular response and stimulating the host's humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Mantziari
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Hania Szajewska
- Department of Paediatrics at the Medical University of Warsaw, 02091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jeadran Nevardo Malagón-Rojas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia;
- Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
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Jia L, Kosgey JC, Wang J, Yang J, Nyamao RM, Zhao Y, Teng X, Gao L, Wabo MC, Vasilyeva NV, Fang Y, Zhang F. Antimicrobial and mechanism of antagonistic activity of Bacillus sp. A2 against pathogenic fungus and bacteria: The implication on honey's regulatory mechanism on host's microbiota. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:4857-4867. [PMID: 32994947 PMCID: PMC7500754 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey is thought to act against microbes and regulates microbiota balance, and this is mainly attributed to the enzymatic production of hydrogen peroxide, high osmolarity, and nonperoxidase factors, for example, lysozyme and botanical sources of nectar, while the effect of honey's probiotic is recently considered. The study of honey as source of beneficial microbes is understudied. The purpose of this study was to screen for the beneficial microorganisms in honey with antagonistic property against important pathogens and the mechanism of antimicrobial activity and thus play a beneficial role as probiotics. The results showed that one out of the fourteen bacterial isolates had antimicrobial activity and was identified as Bacillus Sp. A2 by 16S rRNA sequence and morphology. Antimicrobial activity of the isolate against C. albicans, E. coli, and S. aureus was confirmed by Agar well diffusion and liquid coculture assays, and the propagation of those microbes was significantly inhibited after treatment with the isolate Bacillus sp. A2 (p < .05) in comparison with untreated negative control and positive control (fluconazole, chloramphenicol, L. plantarum). The morphological changes including the distorted shape with indentations and leakages (SEM), damaged cell membrane, and cell wall with the disintegration and attachment of the Bacillus sp. A2 (TEM) in treated C. albicans were observed. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species accumulation and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential were detected in treated C. albicans. These results revealed that the isolate Bacillus sp. A2 from honey has significant antimicrobial activity (p < .05) against C. albicans in comparison with untreated negative control and positive control L. plantarum, which depends on the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial damage, and the cell apoptosis. We concluded that the Bacillus sp. A2 possess the antimicrobial property, which may contribute to regulation of host's microbiota as a beneficial microbe or probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jia
- Department of Microbiology WU Lien-Teh Institute Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Janet Cheruiyot Kosgey
- School of biological and life sciences The Technical University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya
- Department of Microbiology WU Lien-Teh Institute Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Jielin Wang
- Department of Microbiology WU Lien-Teh Institute Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Jianxun Yang
- Department of Dermatology The 2nd Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Rose Magoma Nyamao
- Department of Microbiology WU Lien-Teh Institute Harbin Medical University Harbin China
- School of Medicine Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Microbiology WU Lien-Teh Institute Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Xue Teng
- Department of Microbiology WU Lien-Teh Institute Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Microbiology WU Lien-Teh Institute Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | | | - Natalia V Vasilyeva
- Department of Microbiology Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Machnikov Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Microbiology WU Lien-Teh Institute Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology WU Lien-Teh Institute Harbin Medical University Harbin China
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Mager LF, Burkhard R, Pett N, Cooke NCA, Brown K, Ramay H, Paik S, Stagg J, Groves RA, Gallo M, Lewis IA, Geuking MB, McCoy KD. Microbiome-derived inosine modulates response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. Science 2020; 369:1481-1489. [PMID: 32792462 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 605] [Impact Index Per Article: 151.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several species of intestinal bacteria have been associated with enhanced efficacy of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, but the underlying mechanisms by which the microbiome enhances antitumor immunity are unclear. In this study, we isolated three bacterial species-Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Olsenella species-that significantly enhanced efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in four mouse models of cancer. We found that intestinal B. pseudolongum modulated enhanced immunotherapy response through production of the metabolite inosine. Decreased gut barrier function induced by immunotherapy increased systemic translocation of inosine and activated antitumor T cells. The effect of inosine was dependent on T cell expression of the adenosine A2A receptor and required costimulation. Collectively, our study identifies a previously unknown microbial metabolite immune pathway activated by immunotherapy that may be exploited to develop microbial-based adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas F Mager
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Regula Burkhard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Nicola Pett
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Noah C A Cooke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kirsty Brown
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Hena Ramay
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Seungil Paik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ryan A Groves
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Marco Gallo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ian A Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Markus B Geuking
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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Physiological and genomic characterization of an exopolysaccharide-producing Weissella cibaria CH2 from cheese of the western Himalayas. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Potential probiotic of Lactobacillus strains isolated from the intestinal tracts of pigs and feces of dogs with antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:1849-1860. [PMID: 32447432 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01908-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, has become a serious problem in animals and public. The objective of this study was to identify and isolate lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strains from the intestinal tracts of pigs and feces of dogs and then characterize them as potential probiotics with antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. In a preliminary isolation screening, 45 of 1167 isolated LAB strains were found to have anti-S. aureus ATCC 27,735 activity. Using 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) sequences, five of these isolates were further identified as Lactobacillus animalis 30a-2, Lactobacillus reuteri 4-12E, Weissella cibaria C34, Lactococcus lactis 5-12H, and Lactococcus lactis 6-3H. Antimicrobial substance assays suggest that the L. lactis 5-12H, L. lactis 6-3H, L. animalis 30a-2, L. reuteri 4-12E, and W. cibaria C34 strains might produce bacteriocins and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as antimicrobial substances. The L. animalis 30a-2 and W. cibaria C34 strains were further characterized for probiotic properties and shown to have high acid and bile salt tolerance. Additionally, they have broad antimicrobial spectra, and can significantly repress the growth of all of the tested strains of MRSA isolates, some MDRAB, ESBL E. coli, and P. aeruginosa isolates, along with food-borne pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Listeria monocytogens ATCC 19111, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Yersinia enterocolitica BCRC 12986. This is the first report of H2O2-producing L. animalis 30a-2 and W. cibaria C34 isolated from the intestinal tracts of pigs and feces of dogs that have good antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant and food-borne pathogenic bacteria and have excellent probiotic properties.
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Quan H, Koltai E, Suzuki K, Aguiar AS, Pinho R, Boldogh I, Berkes I, Radak Z. Exercise, redox system and neurodegenerative diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165778. [PMID: 32222542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regular exercise induces a wide range of redox system-associated molecular adaptive responses to the nervous system. The intermittent induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during acute exercise sessions and the related upregulation of antioxidant/repair and housekeeping systems are associated with improved physiological function. Exercise-induced proliferation and differentiation of neuronal stem cells are ROS dependent processes. The increased production of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the regulation by regular exercise are dependent upon redox sensitive pathways. ROS are causative and associative factors of neurodegenerative diseases and regular exercise provides significant neuroprotective effects against Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and hypoxia/reperfusion related disorders. Regular exercise regulates redox homeostasis in the brain with complex multi-level molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Quan
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Erika Koltai
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Aderbal S Aguiar
- Research Group on Biology of Exercise, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Istvan Berkes
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan.
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Amat S, Alexander TW, Holman DB, Schwinghamer T, Timsit E. Intranasal Bacterial Therapeutics Reduce Colonization by the Respiratory Pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica in Dairy Calves. mSystems 2020; 5:e00629-19. [PMID: 32127421 PMCID: PMC7055656 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00629-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Six Lactobacillus strains originating from the nasopharyngeal microbiota of cattle were previously characterized in vitro and identified as candidate bacterial therapeutics (BTs) for mitigating the bovine respiratory pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica In the present study, these BT strains were evaluated for their potential to (i) reduce nasal colonization by M. haemolytica, (ii) modulate the nasal microbiota, and (iii) stimulate an immune response in calves experimentally challenged with M. haemolytica. Twenty-four Holstein bull calves (1 to 3 weeks old) received either an intranasal BT cocktail containing 6 Lactobacillus strains (3 × 109 CFU per strain; BT + Mh group) 24 h prior to intranasal M. haemolytica challenge (3 × 108 CFU) or no BTs prior to challenge (Mh, control group). Nasal swab, blood, and transtracheal aspiration samples were collected over the course of 16 days after BT inoculation. Counts of M. haemolytica were determined by culturing, and the nasal and tracheal microbiotas were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Serum cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-8, and IL-10) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Administration of BT reduced nasal colonization by M. haemolytica (P = 0.02), modified the composition and diversity of the nasal microbiota, and altered interbacterial relationships among the 10 most relatively abundant genera. The BT + Mh calves also had a lower relative abundance of Mannheimia in the trachea (P < 0.01) but similar cytokine levels as Mh calves. This study demonstrated that intranasal BTs developed from the bovine nasopharyngeal Lactobacillus spp. were effective in reducing nasal colonization by M. haemolytica in dairy calves.IMPORTANCE Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the significant challenges for the modern dairy industry in North America, accounting for 23 to 47% of the total mortality among pre- and postweaned dairy heifers. Mass medication with antibiotics is a common practice to control BRD in dairy cattle. However, the emergence of multidrug-resistant BRD pathogens highlights the importance of developing alternatives to antibiotics for BRD mitigation. Using a targeted approach, we recently identified 6 Lactobacillus strains originating from the bovine respiratory microbiota as candidates to be used as bacterial therapeutics (BTs) for the mitigation of the BRD pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica Here, we demonstrated that intranasal inoculation of the BT strains reduced nasal colonization by M. haemolytica in dairy calves experimentally challenged with this pathogen. This study, for the first time, shows the potential use of intranasal BTs as an alternative to mitigate BRD pathogens in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samat Amat
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Trevor W Alexander
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Devin B Holman
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
| | - Timothy Schwinghamer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edouard Timsit
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Simpson Ranch Chair in Beef Cattle Health and Wellness, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- CEVA Santé Animale, Libourne, France
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32
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Unique genetic basis of the distinct antibiotic potency of high acetic acid production in the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii. Genome Res 2020; 29:1478-1494. [PMID: 31467028 PMCID: PMC6724677 DOI: 10.1101/gr.243147.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The yeast Saccharomyces boulardii has been used worldwide as a popular, commercial probiotic, but the basis of its probiotic action remains obscure. It is considered conspecific with budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is generally used in classical food applications. They have an almost identical genome sequence, making the genetic basis of probiotic potency in S. boulardii puzzling. We now show that S. boulardii produces at 37°C unusually high levels of acetic acid, which is strongly inhibitory to bacterial growth in agar-well diffusion assays and could be vital for its unique application as a probiotic among yeasts. Using pooled-segregant whole-genome sequence analysis with S. boulardii and S. cerevisiae parent strains, we succeeded in mapping the underlying QTLs and identified mutant alleles of SDH1 and WHI2 as the causative alleles. Both genes contain a SNP unique to S. boulardii (sdh1F317Y and whi2S287*) and are fully responsible for its high acetic acid production. S. boulardii strains show different levels of acetic acid production, depending on the copy number of the whi2S287* allele. Our results offer the first molecular explanation as to why S. boulardii could exert probiotic action as opposed to S. cerevisiae. They reveal for the first time the molecular-genetic basis of a probiotic action-related trait in S. boulardii and show that antibacterial potency of a probiotic microorganism can be due to strain-specific mutations within the same species. We suggest that acquisition of antibacterial activity through medium acidification offered a selective advantage to S. boulardii in its ecological niche and for its application as a probiotic.
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Chen YT, Hsieh PS, Ho HH, Hsieh SH, Kuo YW, Yang SF, Lin CW. Antibacterial activity of viable and heat-killed probiotic strains against oral pathogens. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 70:310-317. [PMID: 31955445 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics can stabilize gut flora, regulate intestinal immunity and protect the host from enteric diseases; however, their roles in oral health have received little attention compared to their roles in gut health. Nowadays, the prevalence of sugar-sweetened foods and abuse of antibiotics contribute towards dysbiosis of oral microbiota and drug resistance development in oral pathogens, resulting in various intractable oral diseases. We screened the antibacterial activities of viable and heat-killed probiotic strains against the oral pathogens Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The probiotic strains Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32, L. rhamnosus CT-53, L. paracasei ET-66 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9 displayed strong antipathogenic activities, whereas heat-killed AP-32, CT-53 and ET-66 displayed high levels of pathogen inhibition. The antibacterial activities of these probiotics were not associated with their H2 O2 production; L. acidophilus TYCA02 produced high levels of H2 O2 but merely exhibited moderate antibacterial activities. Oral tablets containing probiotics showed positive inhibitory effects against oral pathogens, particularly those containing viable probiotics. Our results indicate that probiotics prevent the growth of oral pathogens and improve oral health, providing insights into the antipathogenic efficacy of different probiotic species and their potential role in functional foods that improve oral health. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Our study provides insights into the antipathogenic efficacy of different probiotic species and their potential roles in developing functional foods to improve oral health. We showed that the probiotic strains Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32, L. rhamnosus CT-53, L. paracasei ET-66 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9 have great potential for use in the development of functional foods to improve oral health. Since active probiotics may provide strong and long-term protection, the development of functional food products should favour the use of viable bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-T Chen
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - P-S Hsieh
- Glac Biotech Co. Ltd, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - H-H Ho
- Glac Biotech Co. Ltd, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - S-H Hsieh
- Glac Biotech Co. Ltd, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Y-W Kuo
- Glac Biotech Co. Ltd, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - S-F Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C-W Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Dysregulation of Intestinal Microbiota Elicited by Food Allergy Induces IgA-Mediated Oral Dysbiosis. Infect Immun 2019; 88:IAI.00741-19. [PMID: 31611274 PMCID: PMC6921656 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00741-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is a life-threatening response to specific foods, and microbiota imbalance (dysbiosis) in gut is considered a cause of this disease. Meanwhile, the host immune response also plays an important role in the disease. Notably, interleukin 33 (IL-33) released from damaged or necrotic intestinal epithelial cells facilitates IL-2-producing CD4 helper T (Th2) responses. However, causal relationships between the gut and oral dysbiosis and food allergy remain unknown. Food allergy is a life-threatening response to specific foods, and microbiota imbalance (dysbiosis) in gut is considered a cause of this disease. Meanwhile, the host immune response also plays an important role in the disease. Notably, interleukin 33 (IL-33) released from damaged or necrotic intestinal epithelial cells facilitates IL-2-producing CD4 helper T (Th2) responses. However, causal relationships between the gut and oral dysbiosis and food allergy remain unknown. In this study, we analyzed effects of gut and oral dysbiosis on development of food allergy. A murine model of food allergy was established via ovalbumin (OVA) injection in BALB/c mice. Viable fecal bacteria were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). il33 expression in colon-26 mouse colon cells stimulated by isolated fecal bacteria was quantified by real-time PCR. Intestinal T cells from the mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. Salivary IgA levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and IgA-bound oral bacteria were detected by flow cytometry. Among fecal bacteria, the abundance of Citrobacter sp. increased in the feces of allergic mice and induced il33 expression in colon-26 cells. Orally administered Citrobacter koseri JCM1658 exacerbated systemic allergic symptoms and reduced intestinal Th17 cells. Salivary IgA and IgA-bound oral bacteria increased in the allergic mice. Based on the results described above, food allergy induced both gut and oral dysbiosis. Citrobacter sp. aggravated allergy symptoms by inducing IL-33 release from intestinal epithelial cells.
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35
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Safety and Stability Assessment of Potential Probiotic Strains from Fermented Mango Brine Pickle. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 12:1039-1044. [PMID: 31709507 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fermented foods are known to be rich source of valuable nutrients and probiotics. Previously, our study reported the isolation and characterization of eight potential probiotic strains from traditional mango brine pickle, which has been conventionally consumed for ages in raw form in Southern India. The present study reports on the safety assessment of these strains for the selection of prospective probiotic candidates. Hydrogen peroxide production, histidine decarboxylase activity (production of histamine), DNase activity, and presence of the virulence factor genes (assessed by PCR) were carried out to evaluate its safety. Bacillus licheniformis KT921419 and B. methylotrophicus KT921422 was found to show no adverse safety characteristics. These two strains were further assessed for their ability to survive in the native substrate (mango brine pickle) as single and mixed inoculums. Above strains maintained significant viability in mango brine pickle for a period of 6 months during storage at the room temperature. Results clearly proved the safety and stability of two of the potential probiotic strains, which can be further utilized in food applications under harsh conditions of high salt, low pH, and room temperature making these strains unique.
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Amat S, Timsit E, Baines D, Yanke J, Alexander TW. Development of Bacterial Therapeutics against the Bovine Respiratory Pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e01359-19. [PMID: 31444198 PMCID: PMC6803296 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01359-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in beef cattle. Recent evidence suggests that commensal bacteria of the bovine nasopharynx have an important role in maintaining respiratory health by providing colonization resistance against pathogens. The objective of this study was to screen and select bacterial therapeutic candidates from the nasopharynxes of feedlot cattle to mitigate the BRD pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica In a stepwise approach, bacteria (n = 300) isolated from the nasopharynxes of 100 healthy feedlot cattle were identified and initially screened (n = 178 isolates from 12 different genera) for growth inhibition of M. haemolytica Subsequently, selected isolates were evaluated for the ability to adhere to bovine turbinate (BT) cells (n = 47), compete against M. haemolytica for BT cell adherence (n = 15), and modulate gene expression in BT cells (n = 10). Lactobacillus strains had the strongest inhibition of M. haemolytica, with 88% of the isolates (n =33) having inhibition zones ranging from 17 to 23 mm. Adherence to BT cells ranged from 3.4 to 8.0 log10 CFU per 105 BT cells. All the isolates tested in competition assays reduced M. haemolytica adherence to BT cells (32% to 78%). Among 84 bovine genes evaluated, selected isolates upregulated expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and IL-6 (P < 0.05). After ranking isolates for greatest inhibition, adhesion, competition, and immunomodulation properties, 6 Lactobacillus strains from 4 different species were selected as the best candidates for further development as intranasal bacterial therapeutics to mitigate M. haemolytica infection in feedlot cattle.IMPORTANCE Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a significant animal health issue impacting the beef industry. Current BRD prevention strategies rely mainly on metaphylactic use of antimicrobials when cattle enter feedlots. However, a recent increase in BRD-associated bacterial pathogens that are resistant to metaphylactic antimicrobials highlights a pressing need for the development of novel mitigation strategies. Based upon previous research showing the importance of respiratory commensal bacteria in protecting against bronchopneumonia, this study aimed to develop bacterial therapeutics that could be used to mitigate the BRD pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica Bacteria isolated from the respiratory tracts of healthy cattle were characterized for their inhibitory, adhesive, and immunomodulatory properties. In total, 6 strains were identified as having the best properties for use as intranasal therapeutics to inhibit M. haemolytica If successful in vivo, these strains offer an alternative to metaphylactic antimicrobial use in feedlot cattle for mitigating BRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samat Amat
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edouard Timsit
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Simpson Ranch Chair in Beef Cattle Health and Wellness, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Feedlot Health Management Services, Okotoks, Alberta, Canada
| | - Danica Baines
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jay Yanke
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Trevor W Alexander
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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Application of Lactobacillus gasseri 63 AM supernatant to Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected wounds prevents sepsis in murine models of thermal injury and dorsal excision. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1560-1572. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Novik G, Savich V. Beneficial microbiota. Probiotics and pharmaceutical products in functional nutrition and medicine. Microbes Infect 2019; 22:8-18. [PMID: 31233819 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The article is mainly devoted to such representatives of gut microbiota as lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, with minor accent on less frequently used or new probiotic microorganisms. Positive effects in treatment and prevention of diseases by different microbial groups, their metabolites and mechanisms of action, management and market of probiotic products are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Novik
- Belarusian Collection of Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2 Academician V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220141 Minsk, the Republic of Belarus.
| | - Victoria Savich
- Belarusian Collection of Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2 Academician V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220141 Minsk, the Republic of Belarus
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Zhu S, Zeng M, Guo W, Feng G, Wu H. Catalase-mimetic gold nanoparticles inhibit the antagonistic action of Lactobacillus gasseri toward foodborne enteric pathogens in associative cultures. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2019; 37:55-66. [PMID: 31017521 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2019.1591698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been previously shown to induce gut dysbiosis during colitis in mice, but the underlying mechanism is not clear yet. Here, we evaluated the effects of AuNPs (5 nm diameter, coated with tannic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone or citrate) on H2O2 accumulation and pathogen antagonization by an intestinal strain of Lactobacillus gasseri under aerobic cultural conditions. AuNPs (0.65 μg/mL) reduced over 50% of H2O2 accumulation by L. gasseri, and significantly inhibited the antagonistic action of L. gasseri on growth of four foodborne enteric pathogens, i.e. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus in associative cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Zhu
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - Mingyong Zeng
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - Wei Guo
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - Guangxin Feng
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - Haohao Wu
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
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Silva J, Castro R, Sant’Anna F, Barquete R, Oliveira L, Acurcio L, Luiz L, Sales G, Nicoli J, Souza M. In vitro assessment of the probiotic potential of lactobacilli isolated from Minas artisanal cheese produced in the Araxá region, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Minas artisanal cheese is made from endogenous starter cultures, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Some LAB may possess probiotic potential. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro probiotic properties of lactobacilli isolated from Minas artisanal cheeses produced in Minas Gerais. Ten samples of lactobacilli, formerly isolated from those cheeses, were submitted to the following assays: antimicrobial susceptibility, tolerance to artificial gastric juice and biliary salts, production of hydrogen peroxide and antagonism against pathogenic and non-pathogenic micro-organisms. Only L. plantarum (C0) was sensitive to all tested antimicrobials, while the other LAB samples were resistant to at least one drug. Six samples were tolerant to artificial gastric juice, and L. brevis (A6) even grew in that medium. Three samples were tolerant to biliary salts. Only L. brevis (E35) produced hydrogen peroxide. Difference (P< 0.05) was observed among the means of inhibition haloes of lactobacilli against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 and Lactobacillus plantarum C24 in spot-on-the-lawn assay. All samples of lactobacilli inhibited Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella enterica var. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 in co-culture antagonism test (P< 0.0001). Most lactobacilli samples showed in vitro probiotic potential. From the tested samples, L. brevis (A6) presented the best results considering all in vitro probiotic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.G. Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R.D. Castro
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - L.M.P. Luiz
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G.A. Sales
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J.R. Nicoli
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M.R. Souza
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Lo Verso L, Lessard M, Talbot G, Fernandez B, Fliss I. Isolation and Selection of Potential Probiotic Bacteria from the Pig Gastrointestinal Tract. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:299-312. [PMID: 28744832 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to isolate bacterial strains from the pig gastrointestinal tract that have antagonistic activity against potential pathogens and are able to produce antimicrobial compounds. That ability would be a first requirement for the strains' possible use as probiotics. Samples obtained from pig intestinal mucosa and contents were screened for the presence of antagonistic activity against pathogenic indicator strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Listeria by means of the double-layer technique. Samples displaying the largest inhibitory halos were further studied for the production of inhibitory substances using the agar diffusion and microtitration methods. The three most promising isolates were identified by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and showed highest affiliation to Lactobacillus salivarius. Optimal growth conditions and bacteriocin production were recorded in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe broth under anaerobic conditions at 37 °C. The antimicrobial substances were found to be sensitive to proteolytic enzymes but showed good stability at pH values below 6. Our findings suggest that these three intestinal strains are able to produce antimicrobial substances capable of inhibiting the growth of potential enteric pathogens and might have potential as probiotic feed additives for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lo Verso
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada.
| | - Martin Lessard
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Guylaine Talbot
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Benoit Fernandez
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - Ismail Fliss
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1K 7P4, Canada
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Yang J, Qian K, Wang C, Wu Y. Roles of Probiotic Lactobacilli Inclusion in Helping Piglets Establish Healthy Intestinal Inter-environment for Pathogen Defense. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:243-250. [PMID: 28361445 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of pigs is densely populated with microorganisms that closely interact with the host and with ingested feed. Gut microbiota benefits the host by providing nutrients from dietary substrates and modulating the development and function of the digestive and immune systems. An optimized gastrointestinal microbiome is crucial for pigs' health, and establishment of the microbiome in piglets is especially important for growth and disease resistance. However, the microbiome in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets is immature and easily influenced by the environment. Supplementing the microbiome of piglets with probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus could help create an optimized microbiome by improving the abundance and number of lactobacilli and other indigenous probiotic bacteria. Dominant indigenous probiotic bacteria could improve piglets' growth and immunity through certain cascade signal transduction pathways. The piglet body provides a permissive habitat and nutrients for bacterial colonization and growth. In return, probiotic bacteria produce prebiotics such as short-chain fatty acids and bacteriocins that benefit piglets by enhancing their growth and reducing their risk of enteric infection by pathogens. A comprehensive understanding of the interactions between piglets and members of their gut microbiota will help develop new dietary interventions that can enhance piglets' growth, protect piglets from enteric diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, and maximize host feed utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Yang
- The Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 Nongke South Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Qian
- The Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 Nongke South Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chonglong Wang
- The Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 Nongke South Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijing Wu
- The Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 Nongke South Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui province, People's Republic of China
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Daranas N, Roselló G, Cabrefiga J, Donati I, Francés J, Badosa E, Spinelli F, Montesinos E, Bonaterra A. Biological control of bacterial plant diseases with Lactobacillus plantarum strains selected for their broad-spectrum activity. THE ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY 2019; 174:92-105. [PMID: 30686827 PMCID: PMC6334523 DOI: 10.1111/aab.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to control multiple pathogens that affect different crops was studied, namely, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in kiwifruit, Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni in Prunus and Xanthomonas fragariae in strawberry. A screening procedure based on in vitro and in planta assays of the three bacterial pathogens was successful in selecting potential LAB strains as biological control agents. The antagonistic activity of 55 strains was first tested in vitro and the strains Lactobacillus plantarum CC100, PM411 and TC92, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides CM160 and CM209 were selected because of their broad-spectrum activity. The biocontrol efficacy of the selected strains was assessed using a multiple-pathosystem approach in greenhouse conditions. L. plantarum PM411 and TC92 prevented all three pathogens from infecting their corresponding plant hosts. In addition, the biocontrol performance of PM411 and TC92 was comparable to the reference products (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D747, Bacillus subtilis QST713, chitosan, acibenzolar-S-methyl, copper and kasugamycin) in semi-field and field experiments. The in vitro inhibitory mechanism of PM411 and TC92 is based, at least in part, on a pH lowering effect and the production of lactic acid. Moreover, both strains showed similar survival rates on leaf surfaces. PM411 and TC92 can easily be distinguished because of their different multilocus sequence typing and random amplified polymorphic DNA profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Daranas
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology‐CIDSAV‐XaRTAUniversity of GironaGironaSpain
| | - Gemma Roselló
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology‐CIDSAV‐XaRTAUniversity of GironaGironaSpain
| | - Jordi Cabrefiga
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology‐CIDSAV‐XaRTAUniversity of GironaGironaSpain
| | - Irene Donati
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater StudiorumUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Jesús Francés
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology‐CIDSAV‐XaRTAUniversity of GironaGironaSpain
| | - Esther Badosa
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology‐CIDSAV‐XaRTAUniversity of GironaGironaSpain
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater StudiorumUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Emilio Montesinos
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology‐CIDSAV‐XaRTAUniversity of GironaGironaSpain
| | - Anna Bonaterra
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology‐CIDSAV‐XaRTAUniversity of GironaGironaSpain
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Coping with Reactive Oxygen Species to Ensure Genome Stability in Escherichia coli. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9110565. [PMID: 30469410 PMCID: PMC6267047 DOI: 10.3390/genes9110565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The facultative aerobic bacterium Escherichia coli adjusts its cell cycle to environmental conditions. Because of its lifestyle, the bacterium has to balance the use of oxygen with the potential lethal effects of its poisonous derivatives. Oxidative damages perpetrated by molecules such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions directly incapacitate metabolic activities relying on enzymes co-factored with iron and flavins. Consequently, growth is inhibited when the bacterium faces substantial reactive oxygen insults coming from environmental or cellular sources. Although hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions do not oxidize DNA directly, these molecules feed directly or indirectly the generation of the highly reactive hydroxyl radical that damages the bacterial chromosome. Oxidized bases are normally excised and the single strand gap repaired by the base excision repair pathway (BER). This process is especially problematic in E. coli because replication forks do not sense the presence of damages or a stalled fork ahead of them. As consequence, single-strand breaks are turned into double-strand breaks (DSB) through replication. Since E. coli tolerates the presence of DSBs poorly, BER can become toxic during oxidative stress. Here we review the repair strategies that E. coli adopts to preserve genome integrity during oxidative stress and their relation to cell cycle control of DNA replication.
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Liu J, Gu Z, Lu W, Hu D, Zhao X, Huang H, Zhang H, Zhao J, Chen W. Multiple mechanisms applied by Lactobacillus pentosus AT6 to mute the lethal effects of Salmonella in a mouse model. Food Funct 2018; 9:2787-2795. [PMID: 29691525 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01858d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are now prevalent world-wide, as functional food supplements with many benefits for humans and animals, such as protective effects against pathogenic infection. We showed that oral supplementation of Lactobacillus pentosus AT6 (AT6) decreased the mortality rate of mice with Salmonella infection. A series of experiments showed that the protective effects of AT6 on mice involved multiple mechanisms, including (1) the inhibition of Salmonella Typhimurium growth by AT6 or its cell-free culture supernatants (CFCSs); (2) the reduction of the bacterial loads of Salmonella Typhimurium in intestinal contents and internal organs, such as the liver and spleen; (3) the inhibition of adhesion and invasion of Salmonella Typhimurium into intestinal epithelial cells; and (4) the regulation of host immunities by modifying the production of a chain of cytokines. In conclusion, AT6 inhibited Salmonella infection via multiple mechanisms and therefore has great potential for the development of functional foods with anti-Salmonella activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
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Immunobiosis and probiosis: antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria with a focus on their antiviral and antifungal properties. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9949-9958. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Frickmann H, Klenk C, Warnke P, Redanz S, Podbielski A. Influence of Probiotic Culture Supernatants on In Vitro Biofilm Formation of Staphylococci. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2018; 8:119-127. [PMID: 30719328 PMCID: PMC6348700 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2018.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of cell-free culture supernatants of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Streptococcus salivarius K12 on replication and biofilm forming of Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis were assessed in vitro. Methods S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains were exposed to cell-free culture supernatants of L. rhamnosus GG and S. salivarius K12 at different concentrations starting at 0, 4, and 24 h after the onset of incubation. Bacterial amplification was measured on microplate readers, as well as biofilm growth after safranine staining. Scanning electron microscopy was performed for visualization of biofilm status. Results The S. salivarius K12 culture supernatant not only reduced or prevented the formation and maturation of fresh biofilms but even caused a reduction of preformed S. epidermidis biofilms. The L. rhamnosus GG culture supernatant did not show clear inhibitory effects regardless of concentration or time of addition of supernatant, and even concentration-depending promotional effects on the planktonic and biofilm growth of S. aureus and S. epidermidis were observed. Conclusion In particular, the inhibitory effects of the S. salivarius K12 culture supernatant on the formation of staphylococcal biofilms are of potential relevance for biofilm-associated diseases and should be further assessed by in vivo infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Frickmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Klenk
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Philipp Warnke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sylvio Redanz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Kreth Lab, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Andreas Podbielski
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Fomenky BE, Chiquette J, Lessard M, Bissonnette N, Talbot G, Chouinard YP, Ibeagha-Awemu EM. Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CNCM I-1079 and Lactobacillus acidophilus BT1386 influence innate immune response and serum levels of acute-phase proteins during weaning in Holstein calves. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CNCM I-1079 (SCB) or Lactobacillus acidophilus BT1386 (LA) on (1) innate immune response, (2) markers of acute-phase reaction, and (3) immune gene expression of rumen and ileum tissues of Holstein calves. Forty eight calves (∼5 d old) were randomly allocated to four treatments as follows: (1) control (CTRL) fed milk replacer followed by starter feed, (2) CTRL supplemented with SCB in milk and feed, (3) CTRL supplemented with LA in milk and feed, and (4) CTRL supplemented with antibiotics (ATB; chlortetracycline and neomycin in milk, and chlortetracycline in feed). Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) decreased (P < 0.05) on day 66 (post-weaning) for the ATB-treated calves. There were no treatment effects on production of interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) proteins and on expression of TLR4, TLR6, TLR9, TLR10, CLDN3, MUC1, and MUC20 genes. Calves fed SCB or LA had a greater (P < 0.05) oxidative burst at weaning (day 53) compared with CTRL. Oxidative burst was also greater (P < 0.05) after weaning (day 59 and day 87) for SCB-fed calves. Calves fed SCB and ATB had higher (P < 0.05) phagocytosis activity during weaning (day 47) compared with CTRL. The concentration of serum amyloid A2 (SAA2) increased (P < 0.05) in SCB- and LA-fed calves (day 53), whereas the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) increased (P < 0.05) in SCB-fed calves during weaning as compared with CTRL. Our results suggest that SCB could improve innate immune response (oxidative burst and phagocytosis) and markers of acute-phase reaction (CRP and SAA2), especially during critical periods like weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget E. Fomenky
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Johanne Chiquette
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Martin Lessard
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bissonnette
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Guylaine Talbot
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Yvan P. Chouinard
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Eveline M. Ibeagha-Awemu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
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O 2-inducible H 2O 2-forming NADPH oxidase is responsible for the hyper O 2 sensitivity of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10750. [PMID: 30013208 PMCID: PMC6048055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are beneficial anaerobes, and their O2 sensitivity levels differ among species as a function of unknown molecular mechanisms. Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis), a predominant colonizer of the gastrointestinal tract of infants, showed a hyper O2-sensitive growth profile with accompanying a production of H2O2. In this study, we characterized an NADPH oxidase as a key enzyme responsible for this microbe’s hyper O2 sensitivity. A dominant active elution peak of H2O2-forming NADPH oxidase activity was detected in the first step of column chromatography, and the purified NADPH oxidase (NPOX) was identified as a homolog of nitroreductase family proteins. The introduction of the gene encoding B. infantis NPOX (npoxA) into O2-tolerant Bifidobacterium minimum made the strain O2 sensitive and allowed it to produce H2O2. Knockout of the npoxA gene in B. infantis decreased the production of H2O2 and mitigated its B. infantis hyper O2 sensitivity. A transcript of B. infantis npoxA is induced by O2, suggesting that the aerobic production of toxic H2O2 is functionally conserved in B. infantis.
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Bucková B, Hurníková Z, Lauková A, Revajová V, Dvorožňáková E. The Anti-parasitic Effect of Probiotic Bacteria via Limiting the Fecundity of Trichinella Spiralis Female Adults. Helminthologia 2018; 55:102-111. [PMID: 31662635 PMCID: PMC6799552 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2018-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential protective effect of probiotic strains against zoonotic Trichinella spiralis infection was investigated in the framework of a new therapeutic strategy aimed at using probiotics to control parasitic zoonoses. The study was focused on the impact of six selected probiotic (bacteriocinogenic) strains on the intensity of T. spiralis infection and female fecundity ex vivo and in vitro. Bacterial strains of different origin (Enterococcus faecium EF55, Enterococcus faecium 2019 = CCM7420, Enterococcus faecium AL41 = CCM8558, Enterococcus durans ED26E/7, Lactobacillus fermentum AD1 = CCM7421, Lactobacillus plantarum 17L/1) were administered daily in a dose of 109 CFU/ml in 100 μl, and mice were infected with 400 T. spiralis larvae on day 7 of treatment. Female adults of T. spiralis were isolated on day 5 post infection (p.i.) and subsequently were used in fecundity test ex vivo. E. faecium CCM8558, E. faecium CCM7420 and E. durans ED26E/7 strains significantly reduced the number of adults in the intestine. The application of L. fermentum CCM7421, L. plantarum 17L/1, E. faecium CCM8558 and E. durans ED26E/7 caused a significant decrease in the number of muscle larvae. The treatment with E. faecium CCM8558 and E. durans ED26E/7 showed the highest inhibitory effect on female fecundity (94 %). The number of newborn larvae (NBL) was also significantly decreased after administration of L. fermentum CCM7421 and L. plantarum 17L/1 (80 %). A direct impact of probiotic strains on female reproductive capacity was examined in vitro in females isolated from untreated infected mice on day 5 p.i. A correlation was found between the inhibitory effect and the concentration of probiotic strains. The reduction effects of the strains manifested as follows: L. fermentum CCM7421 (93 %), E. faecium CCM8558, L. plantarum 17L/1, E. faecium EF55 (about 80 %), E. faecium CCM7420 and E. durans ED26E/7 (about 60 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Bucková
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001Košice, Slovakia
| | - Z. Hurníková
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001Košice, Slovakia
| | - A. Lauková
- Institute of Animal Physiology – Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01Košice, Slovakia
| | - V. Revajová
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81Košice, Slovakia
| | - E. Dvorožňáková
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001Košice, Slovakia
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