1
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Biogeochemical fingerprinting of magnetotactic bacterial magnetite. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203758119. [PMID: 35901209 PMCID: PMC9351444 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203758119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biominerals are important archives of the presence of life and environmental processes in the geological record. However, ascribing a clear biogenic nature to minerals with nanometer-sized dimensions has proven challenging. Identifying hallmark features of biologically controlled mineralization is particularly important for the case of magnetite crystals, resembling those produced by magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), which have been used as evidence of early prokaryotic life on Earth and in meteorites. We show here that magnetite produced by MTB displays a clear coupled C-N signal that is absent in abiogenic and/or biomimetic (protein-mediated) nanometer-sized magnetite. We attribute the presence of this signal to intracrystalline organic components associated with proteins involved in magnetosome formation by MTB. These results demonstrate that we can assign a biogenic origin to nanometer-sized magnetite crystals, and potentially other biominerals of similar dimensions, using unique geochemical signatures directly measured at the nanoscale. This finding is significant for searching for the earliest presence of life in the Earth's geological record and prokaryotic life on other planets.
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2
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Mandal FB. A review of the ecology, genetics, evolution, and magnetosome –induced behaviours of the magnetotactic bacteria. Isr J Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1163/22244662-bja10028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The discovery of magnetosome and magnetotaxis in its most simple form in the magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) had created the tremendous impetus. MTB, spanning multiple phyla, are distributed worldwide, and they form the organelles called magnetosomes for biomineralization. Eight phylotypes of MTB belong to Alphaproteobacteria and Nitrospirae. MTB show preference for specific redox and oxygen concentration. Magnetosome chains function as the internal compass needle and align the bacterial cells passively along the local geomagnetic field (GMF). The nature of magnetosomes produced by MTB and their phylogeny suggest that bullet-shaped magnetites appeared about 3.2 billion years ago with the first magnetosomes. All MTB contains ten genes in conserved mamAB operon for magnetosome chain synthesis of which nine genes are conserved in greigite-producing MTB. Many candidate genes identify the aero-, redox-, and perhaps phototaxis. Among the prokaryotes, the MTB possess the highest number of O2-binding proteins. Magnetofossils serve as an indicator of oxygen and redox levels of the ancient environments. Most descendants of ancestral MTB lost the magnetosome genes in the course of evolution. Environmental conditions initially favored the evolution of MTB and expansion of magnetosome-formation genes. Subsequent changes in atmospheric oxygen concentration have led to changes in the ecology of MTB, loss of magnetosome genes, and evolution of nonMTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatik Baran Mandal
- Department of Zoology, Bankura Christian College, College Road, Bankura, West Bengal, 722101, India
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3
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Barber-Zucker S, Hall J, Froes A, Kolusheva S, MacMillan F, Zarivach R. The cation diffusion facilitator protein MamM's cytoplasmic domain exhibits metal-type dependent binding modes and discriminates against Mn 2. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16614-16629. [PMID: 32967967 PMCID: PMC7864060 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) proteins are a conserved family of divalent transition metal cation transporters. CDF proteins are usually composed of two domains: the transmembrane domain, in which the metal cations are transported through, and a regulatory cytoplasmic C-terminal domain (CTD). Each CDF protein transports either one specific metal or multiple metals from the cytoplasm, and it is not known whether the CTD takes an active regulatory role in metal recognition and discrimination during cation transport. Here, the model CDF protein MamM, an iron transporter from magnetotactic bacteria, was used to probe the role of the CTD in metal recognition and selectivity. Using a combination of biophysical and structural approaches, the binding of different metals to MamM CTD was characterized. Results reveal that different metals bind distinctively to MamM CTD in terms of their binding sites, thermodynamics, and binding-dependent conformations, both in crystal form and in solution, which suggests a varying level of functional discrimination between CDF domains. Furthermore, these results provide the first direct evidence that CDF CTDs play a role in metal selectivity. We demonstrate that MamM's CTD can discriminate against Mn2+, supporting its postulated role in preventing magnetite formation poisoning in magnetotactic bacteria via Mn2+ incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Barber-Zucker
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Jenny Hall
- Henry Wellcome Unit for Biological EPR, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Afonso Froes
- Henry Wellcome Unit for Biological EPR, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sofiya Kolusheva
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Fraser MacMillan
- Henry Wellcome Unit for Biological EPR, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Raz Zarivach
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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4
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Barber-Zucker S, Shahar A, Kolusheva S, Zarivach R. The metal binding site composition of the cation diffusion facilitator protein MamM cytoplasmic domain impacts its metal responsivity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14022. [PMID: 32820200 PMCID: PMC7441159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) is a conserved family of divalent d-block metal cation transporters that extrude these cations selectively from the cytoplasm. CDF proteins are composed of two domains: the transmembrane domain, through which the cations are transported, and a regulatory cytoplasmic C-terminal domain (CTD). It was recently shown that the CTD of the CDF protein MamM from magnetotactic bacteria has a role in metal selectivity, as binding of different metal cations exhibits distinctive affinities and conformations. It is yet unclear whether the composition of the CTD binding sites can impact metal selectivity and if we can manipulate the CTD to response to other non-native metals in CDF proteins. Here we performed a mutational study of the model protein MamM CTD, where we exchanged the native metal binding residues with different metal-binding amino acids. Using X-ray crystallography and Trp-fluorescence spectrometry, we studied the impact of these mutations on the CTD conformation in the presence of non-native metals. Our results reveal that the incorporation of such mutations alters the domain response to metals in vitro, as mutant forms of the CTD bind metals differently in terms of the composition of the binding sites and the CTD conformation. Therefore, the results demonstrate the direct influence of the CTD binding site composition on CDF proteins structure and hence, function, and constitute a first step for rational design of MamM for transporting different metals in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Barber-Zucker
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Shahar
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Sofiya Kolusheva
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Raz Zarivach
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel.
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel.
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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5
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Amor M, Mathon FP, Monteil CL, Busigny V, Lefevre CT. Iron-biomineralizing organelle in magnetotactic bacteria: function, synthesis and preservation in ancient rock samples. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:3611-3632. [PMID: 32452098 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are ubiquitous aquatic microorganisms that incorporate iron from their environment to synthesize intracellular nanoparticles of magnetite (Fe3 O4 ) or greigite (Fe3 S4 ) in a genetically controlled manner. Magnetite and greigite magnetic phases allow MTB to swim towards redox transition zones where they thrive. MTB may represent some of the oldest microorganisms capable of synthesizing minerals on Earth and have been proposed to significantly impact the iron biogeochemical cycle by immobilizing soluble iron into crystals that subsequently fossilize in sedimentary rocks. In the present article, we describe the distribution of MTB in the environment and discuss the possible function of the magnetite and greigite nanoparticles. We then provide an overview of the chemical mechanisms leading to iron mineralization in MTB. Finally, we update the methods used for the detection of MTB crystals in sedimentary rocks and present their occurrences in the geological record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Amor
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - François P Mathon
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.,Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Caroline L Monteil
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Vincent Busigny
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75005, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Christopher T Lefevre
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
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6
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Cornaggia F, Bernardini S, Giorgioni M, Silva GLX, Nagy AIM, Jovane L. Abyssal oceanic circulation and acidification during the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO). Sci Rep 2020; 10:6674. [PMID: 32317709 PMCID: PMC7174310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) is a global warming event that occurred at around 40 Ma and lasted about 500 kyr. We study this event in an abyssal setting of the Tasman Sea, using the IODP Core U1511B-16R, collected during the expedition 371. We analyse magnetic, mineralogical, and chemical parameters to investigate the evolution of the sea bottom conditions at this site during the middle Eocene. We observe significant changes indicating the response to the MECO perturbation. Mn oxides, in which Mn occurs under an oxidation state around +4, indicate a high Eh water environment. A prominent Mn anomaly, occurring just above the MECO interval, indicates a shift toward higher pH conditions shortly after the end of this event. Our results suggest more acid bottom water over the Tasman abyssal plain during the MECO, and an abrupt end of these conditions. This work provides the first evidence of MECO at abyssal depths and shows that acidification affected the entire oceanic water column during this event.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martino Giorgioni
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Gabriel L X Silva
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- INPE (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais), São José dos Campos (SP), Brazil
| | | | - Luigi Jovane
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Berny C, Le Fèvre R, Guyot F, Blondeau K, Guizonne C, Rousseau E, Bayan N, Alphandéry E. A Method for Producing Highly Pure Magnetosomes in Large Quantity for Medical Applications Using Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 Magnetotactic Bacteria Amplified in Minimal Growth Media. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:16. [PMID: 32133346 PMCID: PMC7041420 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis in large quantity of highly pure magnetosomes for medical applications. For that, magnetosomes are produced by MSR-1 Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense magnetotactic bacteria using minimal growth media devoid of uncharacterized and toxic products prohibited by pharmaceutical regulation, i.e., yeast extract, heavy metals different from iron, and carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic agents. This method follows two steps, during which bacteria are first pre-amplified without producing magnetosomes and are then fed with an iron source to synthesize magnetosomes, yielding, after 50 h of growth, an equivalent OD565 of ~8 and 10 mg of magnetosomes in iron per liter of growth media. Compared with magnetosomes produced in non-minimal growth media, those particles have lower concentrations in metals other than iron. Very significant reduction or disappearance in magnetosome composition of zinc, manganese, barium, and aluminum are observed. This new synthesis method paves the way towards the production of magnetosomes for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Berny
- Nanobacterie SARL, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - François Guyot
- Paris Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Karine Blondeau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Bayan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Edouard Alphandéry
- Nanobacterie SARL, Paris, France.,Paris Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France
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8
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Effects of Single and Mixed Energy Sources on Intracellular Nanoparticles Synthesized by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9030163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Effective biosynthesis of magnetite nanoparticles using current technology is challenging. We investigated the synthesis of nanoparticles by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans grown on ferrous iron, elemental sulphur, and mixtures of both substrates. A comparison of tests with different doping amounts of elemental sulphur in ferrous-containing medium showed that the addition of 0.25 and 0.5 M elemental sulphur to the medium resulted in an increased delay of microbial growth and ferrous iron oxidation. TEM suggested that the ferrous material was an essential energy source for the synthesis of nanoparticles in cells. TEM results indicated that the different ratios of ferrous and sulphur had no significant effect on the morphology of bacteria and the size of nanoparticles. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) showed that the nanoparticles were composed of magnetite. For the first time, HRTEM and XANES spectra in-situ characterization was conducted to investigate the nanoparticles that were synthesized by A. ferrooxidans. The findings from this study indicated that the different ratios of ferrous and sulphur had no significant effect on size and shape of nanoparticles synthesized by A. ferrooxidans.
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9
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Shimoshige H, Nakajima Y, Kobayashi H, Yanagisawa K, Nagaoka Y, Shimamura S, Mizuki T, Inoue A, Maekawa T. Formation of Core-Shell Nanoparticles Composed of Magnetite and Samarium Oxide in Magnetospirillum magneticum Strain RSS-1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170932. [PMID: 28125741 PMCID: PMC5268705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) synthesize magnetosomes composed of membrane-enveloped magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) particles in the cells. Recently, several studies have shown some possibilities of controlling the biomineralization process and altering the magnetic properties of magnetosomes by adding some transition metals to the culture media under various environmental conditions. Here, we successfully grow Magnetospirillum magneticum strain RSS-1, which are isolated from a freshwater environment, and find that synthesis of magnetosomes are encouraged in RSS-1 in the presence of samarium and that each core magnetic crystal composed of magnetite is covered with a thin layer of samarium oxide (Sm2O3). The present results show some possibilities of magnetic recovery of transition metals and synthesis of some novel structures composed of magnetic particles and transition metals utilizing MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Shimoshige
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshikata Nakajima
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yanagisawa
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nagaoka
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shimamura
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toru Mizuki
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Inoue
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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10
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Jacob JJ, Suthindhiran K. Magnetotactic bacteria and magnetosomes - Scope and challenges. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 68:919-928. [PMID: 27524094 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Geomagnetism aided navigation has been demonstrated by certain organisms which allows them to identify a particular location using magnetic field. This attractive technique to recognize the course was earlier exhibited in numerous animals, for example, birds, insects, reptiles, fishes and mammals. Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are one of the best examples for magnetoreception among microorganisms as the magnetic mineral functions as an internal magnet and aid the microbe to move towards the water columns in an oxic-anoxic interface (OAI). The ability of MTB to biomineralize the magnetic particles (magnetosomes) into uniform nano-sized, highly crystalline structure with uniform magnetic properties has made the bacteria an important topic of research. The superior properties of magnetosomes over chemically synthesized magnetic nanoparticles made it an attractive candidate for potential applications in microbiology, biophysics, biochemistry, nanotechnology and biomedicine. In this review article, the scope of MTB, magnetosomes and its challenges in research and industrial application have been discussed in brief. This article mainly focuses on the application based on the magnetotactic behaviour of MTB and magnetosomes in different areas of modern science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobin John Jacob
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioproducts Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - K Suthindhiran
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioproducts Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India.
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11
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Dong Y, Li J, Zhang W, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Xiao T, Wu LF, Pan H. The detection of magnetotactic bacteria in deep sea sediments from the east Pacific Manganese Nodule Province. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:239-249. [PMID: 26742990 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are distributed ubiquitously in sediments from coastal environments to the deep sea. The Pacific Manganese Nodule Province contains numerous polymetallic nodules mainly composed of manganese, iron, cobalt, copper and nickel. In the present study we used Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology to assess the communities of putative MTB in deep sea surface sediments at nine stations in the east Pacific Manganese Nodule Province. A total of 402 sequence reads from MTB were classified into six operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Among these, OTU113 and OTU759 were affiliated with the genus Magnetospira, OTU2224 and OTU2794 were affiliated with the genus Magnetococcus and Magnetovibrio, respectively, OTU3017 had no known genus affiliation, and OTU2556 was most similar to Candidatus Magnetananas. Interestingly, OTU759 was widely distributed, occurring at all study sites. Magnetism measurements revealed that all sediments were dominated by low coercivity, non-interacting single domain magnetic minerals. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the magnetic minerals were magnetosomes. Our data suggest that diverse putative MTB are widely distributed in deep sea surface sediments from the east Pacific Manganese Nodule Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Wuchang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Tian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR7283, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Hongmiao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
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12
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Pradel N, Cayol JL, Fardeau ML, Karray F, Sayadi S, Alazard D, Ollivier B. Analysis of a population of magnetotactic bacteria of the Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:4046-4053. [PMID: 25772882 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) on a Tunisian marine coast exposed to heavy metals pollution (Sfax, Gulf of Gabès, Mediterranean Sea) was investigated. The MTB population of this Southern Mediterranean coast was compared to the MTB populations previously investigated on the French Northern Mediterranean coast. A dominant MTB coccus morphotype was observed by microscopy analysis. By pyrosequencing technology, the analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rDNA) revealed as much as 33 operational taxonomic sequence units (OTUs) close to sequences of MTB accessible in the databases. The majority were close to MTB sequences of the "Med group" of α-Proteobacteria. Among them, a dominant OTU_001 (99 % of the MTB sequences) affiliated within the Magnetococcales order was highlighted. Investigating the capacities of this novel bacterium to be used in bioremediation and/or depollution processes could be envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Pradel
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, Université de Toulon, CNRS, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France.
- Laboratoire Mixte International Contaminants et Ecosystèmes Marins Sud Méditerranéens (LMI COSYS-Med), Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Cayol
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, Université de Toulon, CNRS, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Laure Fardeau
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, Université de Toulon, CNRS, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Fatma Karray
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Biotechnology Center of Sfax, Sfax, 3018, Tunisia
- Laboratoire Mixte International Contaminants et Ecosystèmes Marins Sud Méditerranéens (LMI COSYS-Med), Marseille, France
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Biotechnology Center of Sfax, Sfax, 3018, Tunisia
- Laboratoire Mixte International Contaminants et Ecosystèmes Marins Sud Méditerranéens (LMI COSYS-Med), Marseille, France
| | - Didier Alazard
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, Université de Toulon, CNRS, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Ollivier
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, Université de Toulon, CNRS, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire Mixte International Contaminants et Ecosystèmes Marins Sud Méditerranéens (LMI COSYS-Med), Marseille, France
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13
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Prozorov T. Magnetic microbes: Bacterial magnetite biomineralization. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 46:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Abstract
There are longstanding and ongoing controversies about the abiotic or biological origin of nanocrystals of magnetite. On Earth, magnetotactic bacteria perform biomineralization of intracellular magnetite nanoparticles under a controlled pathway. These bacteria are ubiquitous in modern natural environments. However, their identification in ancient geological material remains challenging. Together with physical and mineralogical properties, the chemical composition of magnetite was proposed as a promising tracer for bacterial magnetofossil identification, but this had never been explored quantitatively and systematically for many trace elements. Here, we determine the incorporation of 34 trace elements in magnetite in both cases of abiotic aqueous precipitation and of production by the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1. We show that, in biomagnetite, most elements are at least 100 times less concentrated than in abiotic magnetite and we provide a quantitative pattern of this depletion. Furthermore, we propose a previously unidentified method based on strontium and calcium incorporation to identify magnetite produced by magnetotactic bacteria in the geological record.
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15
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Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are widespread, motile, diverse prokaryotes that biomineralize a unique organelle called the magnetosome. Magnetosomes consist of a nano-sized crystal of a magnetic iron mineral that is enveloped by a lipid bilayer membrane. In cells of almost all MTB, magnetosomes are organized as a well-ordered chain. The magnetosome chain causes the cell to behave like a motile, miniature compass needle where the cell aligns and swims parallel to magnetic field lines. MTB are found in almost all types of aquatic environments, where they can account for an important part of the bacterial biomass. The genes responsible for magnetosome biomineralization are organized as clusters in the genomes of MTB, in some as a magnetosome genomic island. The functions of a number of magnetosome genes and their associated proteins in magnetosome synthesis and construction of the magnetosome chain have now been elucidated. The origin of magnetotaxis appears to be monophyletic; that is, it developed in a common ancestor to all MTB, although horizontal gene transfer of magnetosome genes also appears to play a role in their distribution. The purpose of this review, based on recent progress in this field, is focused on the diversity and the ecology of the MTB and also the evolution and transfer of the molecular determinants involved in magnetosome formation.
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Moisescu C, Ardelean II, Benning LG. The effect and role of environmental conditions on magnetosome synthesis. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:49. [PMID: 24575087 PMCID: PMC3920197 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are considered the model species for the controlled biomineralization of magnetic Fe oxide (magnetite, Fe3O4) or Fe sulfide (greigite, Fe3S4) nanocrystals in living organisms. In MTB, magnetic minerals form as membrane-bound, single-magnetic domain crystals known as magnetosomes and the synthesis of magnetosomes by MTB is a highly controlled process at the genetic level. Magnetosome crystals reveal highest purity and highest quality magnetic properties and are therefore increasingly sought after as novel nanoparticulate biomaterials for industrial and medical applications. In addition, "magnetofossils," have been used as both past terrestrial and potential Martian life biosignature. However, until recently, the general belief was that the morphology of mature magnetite crystals formed by MTB was largely unaffected by environmental conditions. Here we review a series of studies that showed how changes in environmental factors such as temperature, pH, external Fe concentration, external magnetic fields, static or dynamic fluid conditions, and nutrient availability or concentrations can all affect the biomineralization of magnetite magnetosomes in MTB. The resulting variations in magnetic nanocrystals characteristics can have consequence both for their commercial value but also for their use as indicators for ancient life. In this paper we will review the recent findings regarding the influence of variable chemical and physical environmental control factors on the synthesis of magnetosome by MTB, and address the role of MTB in the global biogeochemical cycling of iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Moisescu
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology BucharestBucharest, Romania
| | - Ioan I. Ardelean
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology BucharestBucharest, Romania
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17
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Magnetotactic bacteria: promising biosorbents for heavy metals. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:1097-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Komeili A. Molecular mechanisms of compartmentalization and biomineralization in magnetotactic bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2012; 36:232-55. [PMID: 22092030 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MB) are remarkable organisms with the ability to exploit the earth's magnetic field for navigational purposes. To do this, they build specialized compartments called magnetosomes that consist of a lipid membrane and a crystalline magnetic mineral. These organisms have the potential to serve as models for the study of compartmentalization as well as biomineralization in bacteria. Additionally, they offer the opportunity to design applications that take advantage of the particular properties of magnetosomes. In recent years, a sustained effort to identify the molecular basis of this process has resulted in a clearer understanding of the magnetosome formation and biomineralization. Here, I present an overview of MB and explore the possible molecular mechanisms of membrane remodeling, protein sorting, cytoskeletal organization, iron transport, and biomineralization that lead to the formation of a functional magnetosome organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Komeili
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Tanaka M, Brown R, Hondow N, Arakaki A, Matsunaga T, Staniland S. Highest levels of Cu, Mn and Co doped into nanomagnetic magnetosomes through optimized biomineralisation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31520c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Lloyd JR, Byrne JM, Coker VS. Biotechnological synthesis of functional nanomaterials. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 22:509-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Baumgartner J, Faivre D. Magnetite biomineralization in bacteria. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 52:3-27. [PMID: 21877261 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-21230-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria are able to biomineralize magnetic crystals in intracellular organelles, so-called "magnetosomes." These particles exhibit species- and strain-specific size and morphology. They are of great interest for biomimetic nanotechnological and biotechnological research due to their fine-tuned magnetic properties and because they challenge our understanding of the classical principles of crystallization. Magnetotactic bacteria use these highly optimized particles, which form chains within the bacterial cells, as a magnetic field actuator, enabling them to navigate. In this chapter, we discuss the current biological and chemical knowledge of magnetite biomineralization in these bacteria. We highlight the extraordinary properties of magnetosomes and some resulting potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Baumgartner
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
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22
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Simultaneously discrete biomineralization of magnetite and tellurium nanocrystals in magnetotactic bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:5526-32. [PMID: 20581185 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00589-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria synthesize intracellular magnetosomes comprising membrane-enveloped magnetite crystals within the cell which can be manipulated by a magnetic field. Here, we report the first example of tellurium uptake and crystallization within a magnetotactic bacterial strain, Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1. These bacteria independently crystallize tellurium and magnetite within the cell. This is also highly significant as tellurite (TeO(3)(2-)), an oxyanion of tellurium, is harmful to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Additionally, due to its increasing use in high-technology products, tellurium is very precious and commercially desirable. The use of microorganisms to recover such molecules from polluted water has been considered as a promising bioremediation technique. However, cell recovery is a bottleneck in the development of this approach. Recently, using the magnetic property of magnetotactic bacteria and a cell surface modification technology, the magnetic recovery of Cd(2+) adsorbed onto the cell surface was reported. Crystallization within the cell enables approximately 70 times more bioaccumulation of the pollutant per cell than cell surface adsorption, while utilizing successful recovery with a magnetic field. This fascinating dual crystallization of magnetite and tellurium by magnetotactic bacteria presents an ideal system for both bioremediation and magnetic recovery of tellurite.
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Jimenez-Lopez C, Romanek CS, Bazylinski DA. Magnetite as a prokaryotic biomarker: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jg001152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher S. Romanek
- NASA Astrobiology Institute and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Kentucky; Lexington Kentucky USA
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