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Lho Y, Kim GO, Kim BY, Son EJ, Kang SH. Effects of Administration and Intensity of Statins on Mortality in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:498. [PMID: 38675457 PMCID: PMC11054991 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Few studies have investigated the association between the intensity of statins and patient survival rates in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) as primary outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate patient survival rates according to the intensity of statins using a large sample of patients undergoing maintenance HD. (2) Methods: Data from a national HD quality assessment program were used in this study (n = 53,345). We divided the patients into four groups based on the administration and intensity of statins: Group 1, patients without a prescription of statins (n = 37,944); Group 2, patients with a prescription of a low intensity of statins (n = 700); Group 3, patients with a prescription of a moderate intensity of statins (n = 14,160); Group 4, patients with a prescription of a high intensity of statins (n = 541). (3) Results: Significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed among the four groups. Group 1 had the best patient survival among the four groups in the univariate Cox regression analyses. However, multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that the patient survival rate was higher for Group 3 than for Group 1. Cox regression analyses using data of a balanced cohort showed that, on univariate analyses, the HRs were 0.93 (95% CI, 0.91-0.95, p < 0.001) in Group 2 and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93-0.96, p < 0.001) in Group 3 compared to that in Group 1. Group 4 had a higher mortality rate than Groups 2 or 3. The results from the cohort after balancing showed a similar trend to those from the multivariable Cox regression analyses. Young age and less comorbidities in Group 1 were mainly associated with favorable survival in Group 1 in the univariate analysis using cohort before balancing. Among the subgroup analyses based on sex, age, presence of diabetes mellitus, and heart disease, most multivariable analyses showed significantly higher patient survival rates in Group 3 than for Group 1. (4) Conclusions: Our study exhibited significant differences in baseline characteristics between the groups, leading to limitations in establishing a robust association between statin intensity and clinical outcomes. However, we conducted various statistical analyses to mitigate these differences. Some results, including multivariable analyses controlling for baseline characteristics and analyses of a balanced cohort using propensity score weighting, indicated improved patient survival in the moderate-intensity statin group compared to non-users. These findings suggest that moderate statin use may be associated with favorable patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmee Lho
- Senotherapy-Based Metabolic Disease Control Research Center, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gui Ok Kim
- Quality Assessment Department, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju 26465, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Healthcare Review and Assessment Committee, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju 26465, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Son
- Quality Assessment Department, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju 26465, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hui Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
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2
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Rewthamrongsris P, Phothichailert S, Chokechanachaisakul U, Kornsuthisopon C, Osathanon T. Simvastatin Induces Apoptosis but Attenuates Migration in SCAPs. Int Dent J 2024; 74:352-358. [PMID: 38220513 PMCID: PMC10988248 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Simvastatin has emerged as having a promising role in controlling stem cell behaviours. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of simvastatin on the viability, growth, and migration of stem cells isolated from apical papillae (SCAPs) in vitro. METHODS SCAPs were isolated and characterised. The viability and proliferation were assessed using live/dead and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, respectively. Cell migration was evaluated using scratch assays. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were examined using flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS Simvastatin at a concentration of 100 to 1000 nM did not exhibit cytotoxicity. Simvastatin reduced cell numbers at days 3 and 7. In addition, simvastatin markedly decreased colony formation in both colony number and cell density in a dose-dependent manner. An increase in apoptosis was observed at day 7. There was statistically significant increased in sub G0 population. An in vitro cell migration was attenuated in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Simvastatin affects SCAPs' viability, proliferation, and cell migration. The reduction of cell viability at day 7 could be due to apoptotic induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paak Rewthamrongsris
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suphalak Phothichailert
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chatvadee Kornsuthisopon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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3
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Lu D, Jiang H, Zou T, Jia Y, Zhao Y, Wang Z. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition: New insights into vascular calcification. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115579. [PMID: 37589048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous progress of atherosclerosis research, the significant pathological change of it--vascular calcification (VC), gains increasing attention. In recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated that it is an independent predictor of death risk of cardiovascular disease, and it has a strong correlation with poor clinical prognosis. As the world's population continues to age, the occurrence of VC is expected to reach its highest point in the near future. Therefore, it is essential to investigate ways to prevent or even reverse this process for clinical purposes. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) describes the progressive differentiation of endothelial cells into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under various stimuli and acquisition of pluripotent cell characteristics. More and more studies show that EndMT plays a vital role in various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, vascular calcification and heart valvular disease. EndMT is also involved in the formation and progression of VC. This review vividly describes the history, characteristics of EndMT and how it affects the endothelial cell process, then focuses on the relationship between vascular endothelium, EndMT, amino acid metabolism, and vascular calcification. Finally, it overviews the signal pathway of EndMT and drugs targeting EndMT, hoping to provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for studying potential therapeutic targets of VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingkun Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Han Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Ting Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Yuanwang Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Yunyun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
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4
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Li C, Yao Z, Ma L, Song X, Wang W, Wan C, Ren S, Chen D, Zheng Y, Zhu YT, Chang G, Wu S, Miao K, Luo F, Zhao XY. Lovastatin promotes the self-renewal of murine and primate spermatogonial stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:969-984. [PMID: 37044069 PMCID: PMC10147841 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) niche is critical for SSC maintenance and subsequent spermatogenesis. Numerous reproductive hazards impair the SSC niche, thereby resulting in aberrant SSC self-renewal and male infertility. However, promising agents targeting the impaired SSC niche to promote SSC self-renewal are still limited. Here, we screen out and assess the effects of Lovastatin on the self-renewal of mouse SSCs (mSSCs). Mechanistically, Lovastatin promotes the self-renewal of mSSCs and inhibits its inflammation and apoptosis through the regulation of isoprenoid intermediates. Remarkably, treatment by Lovastatin could promote the proliferation of undifferentiated spermatogonia in the male gonadotoxicity model generated by busulfan injection. Of note, we demonstrate that Lovastatin could enhance the proliferation of primate undifferentiated spermatogonia. Collectively, our findings uncover that lovastatin could promote the self-renewal of both murine and primate SSCs and have implications for the treatment of certain types of male infertility using small compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Li
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaokai Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linzi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuling Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaofang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dingyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Tong Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shihao Wu
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Miao
- Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China.
| | - Fang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China; Sino-America Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine in Developmental Disabilities, Guangzhou, China; Department of Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Clinical Research Canter for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Jiang H, Li L, Zhang L, Zang G, Sun Z, Wang Z. Role of endothelial cells in vascular calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:895005. [PMID: 35928939 PMCID: PMC9343736 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.895005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is active and regulates extraosseous ossification progress, which is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Endothelial cells (ECs) line the innermost layer of blood vessels and directly respond to changes in flow shear stress and blood composition. Together with vascular smooth muscle cells, ECs maintain vascular homeostasis. Increased evidence shows that ECs have irreplaceable roles in VC due to their high plasticity. Endothelial progenitor cells, oxidative stress, inflammation, autocrine and paracrine functions, mechanotransduction, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and other factors prompt ECs to participate in VC. EndMT is a dedifferentiation process by which ECs lose their cell lineage and acquire other cell lineages; this progress coexists in both embryonic development and CVD. EndMT is regulated by several signaling molecules and transcription factors and ultimately mediates VC via osteogenic differentiation. The specific molecular mechanism of EndMT remains unclear. Can EndMT be reversed to treat VC? To address this and other questions, this study reviews the pathogenesis and research progress of VC, expounds the role of ECs in VC, and focuses on the regulatory factors underlying EndMT, with a view to providing new concepts for VC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangyao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongqun Wang,
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Chamani S, Liberale L, Mobasheri L, Montecucco F, Al-Rasadi K, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. The role of statins in the differentiation and function of bone cells. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13534. [PMID: 33656763 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors blocking cholesterol biosynthesis in hepatic cells, thereby causing an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors resulting in enhanced uptake and clearance of atherogenic LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) from the blood. Accordingly, statins decrease the risk of developing atherosclerosis and its acute complications, such as acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke. Besides the LDL-C-lowering impact, statins also have other so-called pleiotropic effects. Among them, the ability to modulate differentiation and function of bone cells and exert direct effects on osteosynthesis factors. Specifically, earlier studies have shown that statins cause in vitro and in vivo osteogenic differentiation. DESIGN The most relevant papers on the bone-related 'pleiotropic' effects of statins were selected following literature search in databases and were reveiwed. RESULTS Statins increase the expression of many mediators involved in bone metabolism including bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), glucocorticoids, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen and collagenase-1. As a result, they enhance bone formation and improve bone mineral density by modulating osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the literature exploring bone-related 'pleiotropic' effects of statins and suggests an anabolic role in the bone tissue for this drug class. Accordingly, current knowledge encourages further clinical trials to assess the therapeutic potential of statins in the treatment of bone disorders, such as arthritis and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Chamani
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Luca Liberale
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Leila Mobasheri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Sordi MB, da Cruz ACC, Aragones Á, Cordeiro MMR, de Souza Magini R. PLGA+HA/βTCP Scaffold Incorporating Simvastatin: A Promising Biomaterial for Bone Tissue Engineering. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2021; 47:93-101. [PMID: 32699891 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate degradation and biocompatibility of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) + hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (PLGA+HA/βTCP) scaffolds incorporating simvastatin (SIM) to verify if this biomaterial might be promising for bone tissue engineering. Samples were obtained by the solvent evaporation technique. Biphasic ceramic particles (70% HA, 30% βTCP) were added to PLGA in a ratio of 1:1. Samples with SIM received 1% (m/m) of this medication. Scaffolds were synthesized in a cylindric shape and sterilized by ethylene oxide. For degradation analysis, samples were immersed in phosphate-buffered saline at 37°C under constant stirring for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Nondegraded samples were taken as reference. Mass variation, scanning electron microscopy, porosity analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry were performed to evaluate physico-chemical properties. Wettability and cytotoxicity tests were conducted to evaluate the biocompatibility. Microscopic images revealed the presence of macro-, meso-, and micropores in the polymer structure with HA/βTCP particles homogeneously dispersed. Chemical and thermal analyses presented similar results for both PLGA+HA/βTCP and PLGA+HA/βTCP+SIM. The incorporation of simvastatin improved the hydrophilicity of scaffolds. Additionally, PLGA+HA/βTCP and PLGA+HA/βTCP+SIM scaffolds were biocompatible for osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. In summary, PLGA+HA/βTCP scaffolds incorporating simvastatin presented adequate structural, chemical, thermal, and biological properties for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Beatriz Sordi
- Center for Research on Dental Implants, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Águedo Aragones
- Ceramic & Composite Materials Research Laboratories, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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8
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Pharmacogenetic association of diabetes-associated genetic risk score with rapid progression of coronary artery calcification following treatment with HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitors -results of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1713-1725. [PMID: 34021798 PMCID: PMC8298241 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
HMG-CoA-Reductase inhibitors (HMGRIs) are currently the most widely used group of drugs in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and are given preemptively to patients with high levels of cholesterol, including those with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, intake of HMGRIs also increases the progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and the risk of developing DM. This study aimed to investigate whether HMGRI intake interacts with the diabetes-associated genetic risk score (GRS) to affect CAC progression using data from the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall (HNR) study. CAC was measured in 3157 participants using electron-beam computed tomography twice, at baseline (CACb) and 5 years later (CAC5y). CAC progression was classified as slow, expected, or rapid based on predicted values. Weighted DM GRS was constructed using 100 diabetes mellitus-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We used log-linear regression to evaluate the interaction of HMGRI intake with diabetes-associated GRS and individual SNPs on CAC progression (rapid vs. expected/slow), adjusting for age, sex, and log(CACb + 1). The prevalence of rapid CAC progression in the HNR study was 19.6%. We did not observe any association of the weighted diabetes mellitus GRS with the rapid progression of CAC (relative risk (RR) [95% confidence interval (95% CI)]: 1.01 [0.94; 1.10]). Furthermore, no indication of an interaction between GRS and HMGRI intake was observed (1.08 [0.83; 1.41]). Our analyses showed no indication that the impact of HMGRIs on CAC progression is significantly more severe in patients with a high genetic risk of developing DM than in those with a low GRS.
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Xia B, Deng Y, Lv Y, Chen G. Stem cell recruitment based on scaffold features for bone tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2020; 9:1189-1203. [PMID: 33355545 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01591a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem-cell based therapy strategies are promising approaches for the treatment of bone defects. However, extensive cell expansion steps, the low rate of cell survival and uncontrolled differentiation of stem cells transplanted into the body currently remain key challenges in advancing stem cell therapeutics. An alternative strategy is to use specifically designed bone scaffolds to recruit endogenous stem cells upon implantation and to stimulate new bone formation and remodeling. Stem cell recruitment based on scaffold features for bone tissue engineering relies on the development of scaffolds that can effectively mobilize and recruit endogenous stem cells to the implantation site. This article addresses the recent advances in the recruitment of endogenous stem cells in applications of bone scaffolds, particularly focusing on chemical modification and physical characteristic modification of the scaffold for endogenous stem cell homing and recruitment. Finally, the continuing challenges and future directions of scaffold-based stem cell recruitment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xia
- Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, P. R. China
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10
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Investigating mineralization species in cultured bone from human mesenchymal stem cells using synchrotron-based XANES. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Konala VBR, Bhonde R, Pal R. Secretome studies of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from three tissue sources reveal subtle differences in potency. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:689-700. [PMID: 33006709 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently the leading candidate for cell-based therapeutics. While the use of MSCs in transplantation therapies is widely expanding, still, there is a lot of scope for better understanding of the mechanisms underlying their effects. We have generated MSCs from pre- and post-natal human tissue sources such as Wharton's jelly (WJ), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), and bone marrow (BM). We then expanded, banked, and characterized them based on morphology, growth kinetics, senescence, immunophenotype, gene expression, and secretion of growth factors. Although the immunophenotype was very similar across MSCs from the three types of donor tissues, they showed minor variations in their growth kinetics. Further, a higher percentage of senescent cells were observed in BM-MSCs than in WJ-MSCs and SHED. Gene expression analysis showed the increased expression of INF-γ, PDGFA, VEGF, IL10, and SDF in SHED over WJ-MSC and BM-MSC. Comparative secretome profiling by ELISA demonstrated the presence of FGF-2, IL-10, PDGF, SDF-1, Ang-1, TGF-β3, HGF, INF-γ, VEGF, and IL-6 in cell culture supernatants. Based on our findings, WJ-MSC and SHED appear more potent than BM-MSC for managing inflammation, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and scarring. Due to widespread application of MSCs in cell replacement therapy, these subtle differences need to be taken into consideration while designing stem cell-based clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Bhaskar Reddy Konala
- Department of Marine-Biotechnology, AMET University, Kanathur, Chennai, 600040, India
- Genes & Life Health Care Pvt. Ltd., Punjagutta, Hyderabad, 500082, India
| | - Ramesh Bhonde
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, 411018, India
| | - Rajarshi Pal
- Department of Marine-Biotechnology, AMET University, Kanathur, Chennai, 600040, India.
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12
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Production and characterization of alginate bilayer membranes for releasing simvastatin to treat wounds. Biointerphases 2020; 15:041002. [DOI: 10.1116/6.0000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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13
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Gorabi AM, Kiaie N, Pirro M, Bianconi V, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Effects of statins on the biological features of mesenchymal stem cells and therapeutic implications. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 26:1259-1272. [PMID: 32008148 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-09929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Statins are well-known lipid-lowering drugs. The pleiotropic effects of statins have brought about some beneficial effects on improving the therapeutic outcomes of cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches. In this review, the impact of statins on mesenchymal stem cell behaviors including differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, as well as molecular pathways which are responsible for such phenomena, are discussed. A better understanding of pathways and mechanisms of statin-mediated effects on mesenchymal stem cells will pave the way for the expansion of statin applications. Furthermore, since designing a suitable carrier for statins is required to maintain a sufficient dose of active statins at the desired site of the body, different systems for local delivery of statins are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Kiaie
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran. .,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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14
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Shao PL, Wu SC, Lin ZY, Ho ML, Chen CH, Wang CZ. Alpha-5 Integrin Mediates Simvastatin-Induced Osteogenesis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030506. [PMID: 30682874 PMCID: PMC6387019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin (SVS) promotes the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and has been studied for MSC-based bone regeneration. However, the mechanism underlying SVS-induced osteogenesis is not well understood. We hypothesize that α5 integrin mediates SVS-induced osteogenic differentiation. Bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) derived from BALB/C mice, referred to as D1 cells, were used. Alizarin red S (calcium deposition) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining were used to evaluate SVS-induced osteogenesis of D1 cells. The mRNA expression levels of α5 integrin and osteogenic marker genes (bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), collagen type I, ALP and osteocalcin (OC)) were detected using quantitative real-time PCR. Surface-expressed α5 integrin was detected using flow cytometry analysis. Protein expression levels of α5 integrin and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK), which is downstream of α5 integrin, were detected using Western blotting. siRNA was used to deplete the expression of α5 integrin in D1 cells. The results showed that SVS dose-dependently enhanced the gene expression levels of osteogenic marker genes as well as subsequent ALP activity and calcium deposition in D1 cells. Upregulated p-FAK was accompanied by an increased protein expression level of α5 integrin after SVS treatment. Surface-expressed α5 integrin was also upregulated after SVS treatment. Depletion of α5 integrin expression significantly suppressed SVS-induced osteogenic gene expression levels, ALP activity, and calcium deposition in D1 cells. These results identify a critical role of α5 integrin in SVS-induced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, which may suggest a therapeutic strategy to modulate α5 integrin/FAK signaling to promote MSC-based bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lin Shao
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University,Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Cheng Wu
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Zih-Yin Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Ling Ho
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan.
- Division of Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chau-Zen Wang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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15
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Leite ML, Soares DG, de Oliveira Duque CC, Bordini EAF, Anovazzi G, Basso FG, Spolidorio DMP, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Positive influence of simvastatin used as adjuvant agent for cavity lining. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:3457-3469. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Oda Y, Sasaki H, Miura T, Takanashi T, Furuya Y, Yoshinari M, Yajima Y. Bone marrow stromal cells from low-turnover osteoporotic mouse model are less sensitive to the osteogenic effects of fluvastatin. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202857. [PMID: 30142209 PMCID: PMC6108483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of fluvastatin on the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into osteoblasts in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6) compared with that in the normal senescence-accelerated-resistant mouse (SAMR1) model. SAMP strains arose spontaneously from the AKR/J background and display shortened life span and an array of signs of accelerated aging, compared with control SAMR strains. The dose effects of fluvastatin were also evaluated. BMSCs were cultured with/without fluvastatin (0 μM, 0.1 μM, 0.5 μM, and 1.0 μM). WST-1-based colorimetry was performed to evaluate cell proliferation. To evaluate cell differentiation, gene expression levels of bmp2 and runx2 were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and protein expression levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BMP2) and immunofluorescence staining (BMP2 and Runx2). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and histochemical detection were determined; the effect of noggin, a BMP-specific antagonist, was examined using ALP histochemical detection. To assess for mature osteogenic marker, gene expression levels of bglap2 were determined by qRT-PCR and mineralization was determined by alizarin red staining. RhoA activity was also examined by Western blotting. In SAMP6, BMP2, Runx2 and Bglap2 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly increased by fluvastatin, and ALP activity was increased by BMP2 action. RhoA activity was also inhibited by fluvastatin. The concentration of fluvastatin sufficient to increase BMP2 and Runx2 expression and ALP activity was 0.5 μM in SAMP6 and 0.1 μM in SAMR1. In conclusion, the present study revealed that fluvastatin promoted BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts by RhoA-BMP2 pathway in SAMP6. BMSCs of SAMP6 are less sensitive to the osteogenic effects of fluvastatin than SAMR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Oda
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hodaka Sasaki
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Miura
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Takanashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Furuya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Yoshinari
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Yajima
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Sohn J, Lin H, Fritch MR, Tuan RS. Influence of cholesterol/caveolin-1/caveolae homeostasis on membrane properties and substrate adhesion characteristics of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:86. [PMID: 29615119 PMCID: PMC5883280 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an important resource for tissue growth, repair, and regeneration. To utilize MSCs more effectively, a clear understanding of how they react to environmental cues is essential. Currently, relatively little is known about how the composition of the plasma membranes affects stem cell phenotype and properties. The presence of lipid molecules, including cholesterol in particular, in the plasma membrane plays a crucial role in regulating a variety of physiological processes in cells. In this study, we examined the effects of perturbations in cholesterol/caveolin-1 (CAV-1)/caveolae homeostasis on the membrane properties and adhesive characteristics of MSCs. Findings from this study will contribute to the understanding of how cholesterol/CAV-1/caveolae regulates aspects of the cell membrane important to cell adhesion, substrate sensing, and microenvironment interaction. METHODS We generated five experimental MSC groups: 1) untreated MSCs; 2) cholesterol-depleted MSCs; 3) cholesterol-supplemented MSCs; 4) MSCs transfected with control, nonspecific small interfering (si)RNA; and 5) MSCs transfected with CAV-1 siRNA. Each cell group was analyzed for perturbation of cholesterol status and CAV-1 expression by performing Amplex Red cholesterol assay, filipin fluorescence staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The membrane fluidity in the five experimental cell groups were measured using pyrene fluorescence probe staining followed by FACS analysis. Cell adhesion to collagen and fibronectin as well as cell surface integrin expression were examined. RESULTS Cholesterol supplementation to MSCs increased membrane cholesterol, and resulted in decreased membrane fluidity and localization of elevated numbers of caveolae and CAV-1 to the cell membrane. These cells showed increased expression of α1, α4, and β1 integrins, and exhibited higher adhesion rates to fibronectin and collagen. Conversely, knockdown of CAV-1 expression or cholesterol depletion on MSCs caused a parallel decrease in caveolae content and an increase in membrane fluidity due to decreased delivery of cholesterol to the cell membrane. Cells with depleted CAV-1 expression showed decreased cell surface integrin expression and slower adhesion to different substrates. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that perturbations in cholesterol/CAV-1 levels significantly affect the membrane properties of MSCs. These findings suggest that modification of membrane cholesterol and/or CAV-1 and caveolae may be used to manipulate the biological activities of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Sohn
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Room 221, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Hang Lin
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Room 221, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Madalyn Rose Fritch
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Room 221, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
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18
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Ghadri N, Anderson KM, Adatrow P, Stein SH, Su H, Garcia-Godoy F, Karydis A, Bumgardner JD. Evaluation of Bone Regeneration of Simvastatin Loaded Chitosan Nanofiber Membranes in Rodent Calvarial Defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/jbnb.2018.92012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Ryul Ahn H, Kim KA, Kang SW, Lee JY, Kim TJ, Jung SH. Persimmon Leaves (Diospyros kaki) Extract Protects Optic Nerve Crush-Induced Retinal Degeneration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46449. [PMID: 28425487 PMCID: PMC5397840 DOI: 10.1038/srep46449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death is part of many retinal diseases. Here, we report that the ethanol extract of Diospyros kaki (EEDK) exhibits protective properties against retinal degeneration, both in vitro and in vivo. Upon exposure to cytotoxic compounds, RGC-5 cells showed approximately 40% cell viability versus the control, while pre-treatment with EEDK markedly increased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Further studies revealed that cell survival induced by EEDK was associated with decreased levels of apoptotic proteins, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, p53, and cleaved caspase-3. In addition to apoptotic pathways, we demonstrated that expression levels of antioxidant-associated proteins, such as superoxide dismutase-1, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase-1, were positively modulated by EEDK. In a partial optic nerve crush mouse model, EEDK had similar ameliorating effects on retinal degeneration resulting from mechanical damages. Therefore, our results suggest that EEDK may have therapeutic potential against retinal degenerative disorders, such as glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ryul Ahn
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Kim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Woo Kang
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jung
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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20
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Chen Z, Qureshi AR, Parini P, Hurt-Camejo E, Ripsweden J, Brismar TB, Barany P, Jaminon AM, Schurgers LJ, Heimbürger O, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P. Does statins promote vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease? Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47:137-148. [PMID: 28036114 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In end-stage renal disease (ESRD), coronary artery calcification (CAC) and inflammation contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Statins do not improve survival in patients with ESRD, and their effect on vascular calcification is unclear. We explored associations between CAC, inflammatory biomarkers, statins and mortality in ESRD. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 240 patients with ESRD (63% males; median age 56 years) from cohorts including 86 recipients of living donor kidney transplant (LD-Rtx), 96 incident dialysis patients and 58 prevalent peritoneal dialysis patients, associations of CAC score (Agatston Units, AUs), interleukin-6 (IL-6) with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), use of statins and all-cause mortality were analysed. Cardiac CT was repeated in 35 patients after 1·5 years of renal replacement therapy. In vitro, human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs) were used to measure vitamin K metabolism. RESULTS Among 240 patients, 129 (53%) had a CAC score > 100 AUs. Multivariate analysis revealed that independent predictors of 1-SD higher CAC score were age, male gender, diabetes and use of statins. The association between CAC score and mortality remained significant after adjustment for age, gender, diabetes, CVD, use of statins, protein-energy wasting and inflammation. Repeated CAC imaging in 35 patients showed that statin therapy was associated with greater progression of CAC. In vitro synthesis of menaquinone-4 by hVSMCs was significantly impaired by statins. CONCLUSION Elevated CAC score is a mortality risk factor in ESRD independent of inflammation. Future studies should resolve if statins promote vascular calcification and inhibition of vitamin K synthesis in the uremic milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abdul Rashid Qureshi
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Hurt-Camejo
- Translational Science, CVMD iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonaz Ripsweden
- Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torkel B Brismar
- Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Barany
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Armand M Jaminon
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Leon J Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Olof Heimbürger
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Taghizadeh M, Noruzinia M. Lovastatin Reduces Stemness via Epigenetic Reprograming of BMP2 and GATA2 in Human Endometrium and Endometriosis. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:50-64. [PMID: 28367417 PMCID: PMC5241518 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The stem cell theory in the endometriosis provides an advanced avenue of targeting these cells as a novel therapy to eliminate endometriosis. In this regard, studies showed that lovastatin alters the cells from a stem-like state to more differentiated condition and reduces stemness. The aim of this study was to investigate whether lovastatin treatment could influence expression and methylation patterns of genes regulating differentiation of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) such as BMP2, GATA2 and RUNX2 as well as eMSCs markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental investigation, MSCs were isolated from endometrial and endometriotic tissues and treated with lovastatin and decitabin. To investigate the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of eMSCs treated with the different concentration of lovastatin and decitabin, BMP2, RUNX2 and GATA2 expressions were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To determine involvement of DNA methylation in BMP2 and GATA2 gene regulations of eMSCs, we used quantitative Methylation Specific PCR (qMSP) for evaluation of the BMP2 promoter status and differentially methylated region of GATA2 exon 4. RESULTS In the present study, treatment with lovastatin increased expression of BMP2 and RUNX2 and induced BMP2 promoter demethylation. We also demonstrated that lovastatin treatment down-regulated GATA2 expression via inducing methylation. In addition, the results indicated that CD146 cell marker was decreased to 53% in response to lovastatin treatment compared to untreated group. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that lovastatin treatment could increase the differentiation of eMSCs toward osteogenic and adiogenic lineages, while it decreased expression of eMSCs markers and subsequently reduced the stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrdad Noruzinia
- P.O.Box: 11115-331Department of Medical GeneticsFaculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
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22
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Monitoring live human mesenchymal stromal cell differentiation and subsequent selection using fluorescent RNA-based probes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26014. [PMID: 27198236 PMCID: PMC4873741 DOI: 10.1038/srep26014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating mesenchymal stromal cell differentiation requires time and multiple samples due to destructive endpoint assays. Osteogenesis of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) has been widely studied for bone tissue engineering. Recent studies show that the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs can be assessed by quantifying the ratio of two important transcription factors (Runx2/Sox9). We demonstrate a method to observe mRNA expression of two genes in individual live cells using fluorescent probes specific for Runx2 and Sox9 mRNA. The changes of mRNA expression in cells can be observed in a non-destructive manner. In addition, the osteogenic hBMSCs can be prospectively identified and obtained based on the relative intracellular fluorescence of Sox9 in relation to Runx2 using fluorescence activated cell sorting. Relatively homogeneous cell populations with high osteogenic potential can be isolated from the original heterogeneous osteogenically induced hBMSCs within the first week of induction. This offers a more detailed analysis of the effectiveness of new therapeutics both at the individual cell level and the response of the population as a whole. By identifying and isolating differentiating cells at early time points, prospective analysis of differentiation is also possible, which will lead to a greater understanding of MSC differentiation.
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23
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E. Klontzas M, I. Kenanidis E, J. MacFarlane R, Michail T, E. Potoupnis M, Heliotis M, Mantalaris A, Tsiridis E. Investigational drugs for fracture healing: preclinical & clinical data. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:585-96. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1161757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Sukul M, Min YK, Lee SY, Lee BT. Osteogenic potential of simvastatin loaded gelatin-nanofibrillar cellulose-β tricalcium phosphate hydrogel scaffold in critical-sized rat calvarial defect. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Herrmann M, Verrier S, Alini M. Strategies to Stimulate Mobilization and Homing of Endogenous Stem and Progenitor Cells for Bone Tissue Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:79. [PMID: 26082926 PMCID: PMC4451737 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gold standard for the treatment of critical-size bone defects is autologous or allogenic bone graft. This has several limitations including donor site morbidity and the restricted supply of graft material. Cell-based tissue engineering strategies represent an alternative approach. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered as a source of osteoprogenitor cells. More recently, focus has been placed on the use of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), since vascularization is a critical step in bone healing. Although many of these approaches have demonstrated effectiveness for bone regeneration, cell-based therapies require time consuming and cost-expensive in vitro cell expansion procedures. Accordingly, research is becoming increasingly focused on the homing and stimulation of native cells. The stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) - CXCR4 axis has been shown to be critical for the recruitment of MSCs and EPCs. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key factor in angiogenesis and has been targeted in many studies. Here, we present an overview of the different approaches for delivering homing factors to the defect site by absorption or incorporation to biomaterials, gene therapy, or via genetically manipulated cells. We further review strategies focusing on the stimulation of endogenous cells to support bone repair. Finally, we discuss the major challenges in the treatment of critical-size bone defects and fracture non-unions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos , Davos , Switzerland
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26
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Kyllönen L, D’Este M, Alini M, Eglin D. Local drug delivery for enhancing fracture healing in osteoporotic bone. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:412-34. [PMID: 25218339 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fragility fractures can cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients with osteoporosis and inflict a considerable medical and socioeconomic burden. Moreover, treatment of an osteoporotic fracture is challenging due to the decreased strength of the surrounding bone and suboptimal healing capacity, predisposing both to fixation failure and non-union. Whereas a systemic osteoporosis treatment acts slowly, local release of osteogenic agents in osteoporotic fracture would act rapidly to increase bone strength and quality, as well as to reduce the bone healing period and prevent development of a problematic non-union. The identification of agents with potential to stimulate bone formation and improve implant fixation strength in osteoporotic bone has raised hope for the fast augmentation of osteoporotic fractures. Stimulation of bone formation by local delivery of growth factors is an approach already in clinical use for the treatment of non-unions, and could be utilized for osteoporotic fractures as well. Small molecules have also gained ground as stable and inexpensive compounds to enhance bone formation and tackle osteoporosis. The aim of this paper is to present the state of the art on local drug delivery in osteoporotic fractures. Advantages, disadvantages and underlying molecular mechanisms of different active species for local bone healing in osteoporotic bone are discussed. This review also identifies promising new candidate molecules and innovative approaches for the local drug delivery in osteoporotic bone.
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27
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Loebel C, Czekanska EM, Staudacher J, Salzmann G, Richards RG, Alini M, Stoddart MJ. The calcification potential of human MSCs can be enhanced by interleukin-1β in osteogenic medium. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 11:564-571. [PMID: 25185894 DOI: 10.1002/term.1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the key regulators of the repair process in bone tissues. Current data about the effect of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on MSCs and osteoblasts are conflicting. We investigated the long-term effect of IL-1β on direct osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in vitro. IL-1β-stimulated cells showed enhanced proliferation and entered maturation prior to non-stimulated ones, as monitored by ALP activity. The process of calcification was accelerated during long-term stimulation of hMSCs with IL-1β. Since donor variability is a well-known issue, we suggest a new method to illustrate global changes of a random chosen donor population through collative analysis. We further demonstrate an absorbance assay to evaluate the degree of calcification during in vitro culture of monolayer expanded hMSCs. Our findings support the importance of IL-1β in osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in an in vitro monolayer culture model. A new online absorbance assay is a useful method to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs at early stages. These findings will be helpful in optimizing predifferentiation of hMSCs in vitro for bone tissue engineering. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Judith Staudacher
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gian Salzmann
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
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Shah SR, Werlang CA, Kasper FK, Mikos AG. Novel applications of statins for bone regeneration. Natl Sci Rev 2014; 2:85-99. [PMID: 26543666 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwu028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of statins for bone regeneration is a promising and growing area of research. Statins, originally developed to treat high cholesterol, are inhibitors of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl, the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. Because the mevalonate pathway is responsible for the synthesis of a wide variety of important biochemical molecules, including cholesterol and other isoprenoids, the effects of statins are pleiotropic. In particular, statins can greatly affect the process of bone turnover and regeneration via effects on important cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, endothelial cells, and osteoclasts. Statins have also been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties that may be useful since infection can derail normal bone healing. This review will explore the pleiotropic effects of statins, discuss the current use of statins for bone regeneration, particularly with regard to biomaterials-based controlled delivery, and offer perspectives on the challenges and future directions of this emerging area of bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita R Shah
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1892, USA
| | - Caroline A Werlang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1892, USA
| | - F Kurtis Kasper
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1892, USA
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1892, USA ; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251-1892, USA
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Loebel C, Czekanska EM, Bruderer M, Salzmann G, Alini M, Stoddart MJ. In vitro osteogenic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells is predicted by Runx2/Sox9 ratio. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 21:115-23. [PMID: 24980654 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Runx2 is one of the most studied transcription factors expressed in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon their commitment toward an osteogenic differentiation. During endochondral bone formation in vivo, Sox9 directly interacts with Runx2 and represses its activity; however, the role of Sox9 in direct osteogenesis in vitro has been largely overlooked. METHODS Bone marrow-derived human MSCs (hMSCs) were cultured in vitro either in the control or osteogenic medium supplemented with dexamethasone (DEX). To further investigate the role of Sox9 in direct osteogenesis in vitro, hMSCs were treated with Sox9 siRNA. RESULTS We show here that Sox9 is the key early indicator during in vitro osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Osteogenic induction leads to a significant decrease of Sox9 gene and protein expression by day 7. Treatment of hMSCs with Sox9 siRNA enhanced mineralization in vitro, suggesting that downregulation of Sox9 is involved in direct osteogenesis. siRNA knockdown of Sox9 did not in itself induce osteogenesis in the absence of DEX, indicating that other factors are still required. CONCLUSION Screening of not preselected donors of different ages and gender (n=12) has shown that the Runx2/Sox9 ratio on day 7 is correlated to the (45)Ca incorporation on day 28. The impact of Sox9 downregulation in the mineralization of human MSCs in vitro indicates a so far unprecedented role of Sox9 as a major regulator of direct osteogenesis. We propose that the Runx2/Sox9 ratio is a promising, early, in vitro screening method for osteogenicity of human MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Loebel
- 1 AO Research Institute Davos , Davos Platz, Switzerland
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30
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Simvastatin coating of TiO2 scaffold induces osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:139-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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31
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Qi Y, Zhao T, Yan W, Xu K, Shi Z, Wang J. Mesenchymal stem cell sheet transplantation combined with locally released simvastatin enhances bone formation in a rat tibia osteotomy model. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:44-56. [PMID: 23260085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nonunion of fractured bones is a common clinical problem for orthopedic surgeons. This study aimed to investigate the effects of simvastatin locally applied from calcium sulfate (CS) combined with a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sheet on fracture healing. In vitro, the proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived MSCs stimulated by simvastatin were investigated. In vivo, an osteotomy model was made in rat tibia, and fractured tibias were treated with CS, CS/simvastatin, CS/MSC sheet or simvastatin-loaded CS with MSC or untreated (control). Tibias were harvested at 2 or 8 weeks and underwent real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, x-ray, micro-CT and histological analysis. The expression levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin and vascular endothelial growth factor of simvastatin-induced MSCs increased with the concentrations of the simvastatin, significantly higher than those in the MSCs group. At 2 weeks, the CS/simvastatin/MSC sheet group showed significantly higher expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin and vascular endothelial growth factor, with more callus formation around the fracture site compared with the other four groups. At 8 weeks, complete bone union was obtained in the CS/simvastatin/MSC sheet group. By contrast, newly regenerated bone tissue partially bridged the gap in the CS/simvastatin group and the CS/MSC sheet group; the control and CS group showed nonunion of the tibia. These results show that both simvastatin and the MSC sheet contributed to the formation of new bone and that the tibia fracture was completely healed by transplantation of the MSC sheet with locally applied simvastatin. Such MSC sheet with locally applied simvastatin might contribute to the treatment of fractures, bone delayed unions or nonunions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Fujita H, Yamamoto M, Ogino T, Kobuchi H, Ohmoto N, Aoyama E, Oka T, Nakanishi T, Inoue K, Sasaki J. Necrotic and apoptotic cells serve as nuclei for calcification on osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 32:77-86. [PMID: 23657822 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A close relationship between cell death and pathological calcification has recently been reported, such as vascular calcification in atherosclerosis. However, the roles of cell death in calcification by osteoblast lineage have not been elucidated in detail. In this study, we investigated whether cell death is involved in the calcification on osteoblastic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) under osteogenic culture in vitro. Apoptosis and necrosis occurred in an osteogenic culture of hMSC, and cell death preceded calcification. The generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, chromatin condensation and fragmentation, and caspase-3 activation increased in this culture. A pan-caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) and anti-oxidants (Tiron and n-acetylcysteine) inhibited osteogenic culture-induced cell death and calcification. Furthermore, calcification was significantly promoted by the addition of necrotic dead cells or its membrane fraction. Spontaneously dead cells by osteogenic culture and exogenously added necrotic cells were surrounded by calcium deposits. Induction of localized cell death by photodynamic treatment in the osteogenic culture resulted in co-localized calcification. These findings show that necrotic and apoptotic cell deaths were induced in an osteogenic culture of hMSC and indicated that both necrotic and apoptotic cells of osteoblast lineage served as nuclei for calcification on osteoblastic differentiation of hMSC in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Fujita
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Simões SMN, Veiga F, Torres-Labandeira JJ, Ribeiro ACF, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Poloxamine-Cyclodextrin-Simvastatin Supramolecular Systems Promote Osteoblast Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:723-34. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Shadmehr E, Khademi A. Effect of
S
imvastatin on kinetics of
O
steoprotegrin/receptor activator nuclear kappa
B L
igand
mRNA
expression in periapical lesions. Int Endod J 2013; 46:1077-82. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Shadmehr
- Department of Endodontics and Torabinejad Research Center Esfahan Dental College Esfahan Iran
| | - A. Khademi
- Department of Endodontics and Torabinejad Research Center Esfahan Dental College Esfahan Iran
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35
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Xu H, Yang YJ, Yang T, Qian HY. Statins and stem cell modulation. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:1-7. [PMID: 22504583 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy is a promising option for the treatment of ischemic heart diseases. As to a successful stem cell-based therapy, one of the most important issues is that the stable engraftment and survival of implanted stem cells in cardiac microenvironment. There are evidences suggest that pharmacological treatment devoted to regulate stem cell function might represent a potential new therapeutic strategy and are drawing nearer to becoming a part of treatment in clinical settings. Statins could exert cholesterol-independent or pleiotropic effects to cardiovascular system. Recent studies have shown that statins could modulate the biological characteristics and function of various stem cells, thus could be an effective method to facilitate stem cell therapy. This review will focus on statins and their modulation effects on various stem cells.
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Saremi A, Bahn G, Reaven PD. Progression of vascular calcification is increased with statin use in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT). Diabetes Care 2012; 35:2390-2. [PMID: 22875226 PMCID: PMC3476911 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of statin use on progression of vascular calcification in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and abdominal aortic artery calcification (AAC) was assessed according to the frequency of statin use in 197 participants with T2DM. RESULTS After adjustment for baseline CAC and other confounders, progression of CAC was significantly higher in more frequent statin users than in less frequent users (mean ± SE, 8.2 ± 0.5 mm(3) vs. 4.2 ± 1.1 mm(3); P < 0.01). AAC progression was in general not significantly increased with more frequent statin use; in a subgroup of participants initially not receiving statins, however, progression of both CAC and AAC was significantly increased in frequent statin users. CONCLUSIONS More frequent statin use is associated with accelerated CAC in T2DM patients with advanced atherosclerosis.
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Polykandriotis E, Popescu LM, Horch RE. Regenerative medicine: then and now--an update of recent history into future possibilities. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 14:2350-8. [PMID: 20825521 PMCID: PMC3823153 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The fields of tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine (RegMed) are yet to bring about the anticipated therapeutic revolution. After two decades of extremely high expectations and often disappointing returns both in the medical as well as in the financial arena, this scientific field reflects the sense of a new era and suggests the feeling of making a fresh start although many scientists are probably seeking reorientation. Much of research was industry driven, so that especially in the aftermath of the recent financial meltdown in the last 2 years we have witnessed a biotech asset yard sale. Despite any monetary shortcomings, from a technological point of view there have been great leaps that are yet to find their way to the patient. RegMed is definitely bound to play a major role in our life because it embodies one of the primordial dreams of mankind, such as: everlasting youth, flying, remote communication and setting foot on the moon. The Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine has been at the frontier of these developments in TE and RegMed from its beginning and reflects recent scientific advances in both fields. Therefore this review tries to look at RegMed through the keyhole of history which might just be like looking ‘back to the future’.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Polykandriotis
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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