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Vass V, Szabó E, Bereczki I, Debreczeni N, Borbás A, Herczegh P, Tósaki Á. Reperfusion-induced injury and the effects of the dithioacetate type hydrogen sulfide donor ibuprofen derivative, BM-88, in isolated rat hearts. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 185:106449. [PMID: 37076051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays an important role in cardiac protection by regulating various redox signalings associated with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced injury. The goal of the present investigations is the synthesis of a newly designed H2S-releasing ibuprofen derivative, BM-88, and its pharmacological characterization regarding the cardioprotective effects in isolated rat hearts. Cytotoxicity of BM-88 was also estimated in H9c2 cells. H2S-release was measured by an H2S sensor from the coronary perfusate. Increasing concentrations of BM-88 (1.0 to 20.0 µM) were tested in in vitro studies. Preadministration of 10 µM BM-88 significantly reduced the incidence of reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation (VF) from its drug-free control value of 92% to 12%. However, no clear dose dependent reduction in the incidence of reperfusion-induced VF was observed while different concentrations of BM-88 were used. It was also found that 10 µM BM-88 provided a substantial protection and significantly reduced the infarct size in the ischemic/reperfused myocardium. However, this cardiac protection was not reflected in any significant changes in coronary flow and heart rates. The results support the fact that H2S release plays an important role mitigating reperfusion-induced cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virág Vass
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; ELKH-DE Pharmamodul Research Team, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Erzsébet Szabó
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; ELKH-DE Pharmamodul Research Team, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ilona Bereczki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; ELKH-DE Pharmamodul Research Team, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Nóra Debreczeni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Anikó Borbás
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Pál Herczegh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; ELKH-DE Pharmamodul Research Team, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Árpád Tósaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; ELKH-DE Pharmamodul Research Team, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Haines DD, Tosaki A. Heme Degradation in Pathophysiology of and Countermeasures to Inflammation-Associated Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249698. [PMID: 33353225 PMCID: PMC7766613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The class of tetrapyrrol "coordination complexes" called hemes are prosthetic group components of metalloproteins including hemoglobin, which provide functionality to these physiologically essential macromolecules by reversibly binding diatomic gasses, notably O2, which complexes to ferrous (reduced/Fe(II)) iron within the heme porphyrin ring of hemoglobin in a pH- and PCO2-dependent manner-thus allowing their transport and delivery to anatomic sites of their function. Here, pathologies associated with aberrant heme degradation are explored in the context of their underlying mechanisms and emerging medical countermeasures developed using heme oxygenase (HO), its major degradative enzyme and bioactive metabolites produced by HO activity. Tissue deposits of heme accumulate as a result of the removal of senescent or damaged erythrocytes from circulation by splenic macrophages, which destroy the cells and internal proteins, including hemoglobin, leaving free heme to accumulate, posing a significant toxicogenic challenge. In humans, HO uses NADPH as a reducing agent, along with molecular oxygen, to degrade heme into carbon monoxide (CO), free ferrous iron (FeII), which is sequestered by ferritin protein, and biliverdin, subsequently metabolized to bilirubin, a potent inhibitor of oxidative stress-mediated tissue damage. CO acts as a cellular messenger and augments vasodilation. Nevertheless, disease- or trauma-associated oxidative stressors sufficiently intense to overwhelm HO may trigger or exacerbate a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular and neurologic syndromes. Here, strategies are described for counteracting the effects of aberrant heme degradation, with a particular focus on "bioflavonoids" as HO inducers, shown to cause amelioration of severe inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald David Haines
- Advanced Biotherapeutics, London W2 1EB, UK;
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arpad Tosaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +36-52-255586
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3
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Abstract
This review is focusing on the understanding of various factors and components governing and controlling the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias including (i) the role of various ion channel-related changes in the action potential (AP), (ii) electrocardiograms (ECGs), (iii) some important arrhythmogenic mediators of reperfusion, and pharmacological approaches to their attenuation. The transmembrane potential in myocardial cells is depending on the cellular concentrations of several ions including sodium, calcium, and potassium on both sides of the cell membrane and active or inactive stages of ion channels. The movements of Na+, K+, and Ca2+ via cell membranes produce various currents that provoke AP, determining the cardiac cycle and heart function. A specific channel has its own type of gate, and it is opening and closing under specific transmembrane voltage, ionic, or metabolic conditions. APs of sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, and Purkinje cells determine the pacemaker activity (depolarization phase 4) of the heart, leading to the surface manifestation, registration, and evaluation of ECG waves in both animal models and humans. AP and ECG changes are key factors in arrhythmogenesis, and the analysis of these changes serve for the clarification of the mechanisms of antiarrhythmic drugs. The classification of antiarrhythmic drugs may be based on their electrophysiological properties emphasizing the connection between basic electrophysiological activities and antiarrhythmic properties. The review also summarizes some important mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias in the ischemic/reperfused myocardium and permits an assessment of antiarrhythmic potential of drugs used for pharmacotherapy under experimental and clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpad Tosaki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone Induces Vasodilation and Exerts Cardioprotection Through the Heme-Oxygenase Pathway in Rat Hearts. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2018; 69:286-297. [PMID: 28195947 PMCID: PMC5426697 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alpha–melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a protein with known capacity for protection against cardiovascular ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. This investigation evaluates the capacity of α-MSH to mitigate I/R effects in an isolated working rat heart model and determine the dependency of these alterations on the activity of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, hsp-32), a heat shock protein that functions as a major antioxidant defense molecule. Healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were used for all experiments. After treatment with selected doses of α-MSH, echocardiographic examinations were performed on live, anesthetized animals. Hearts were harvested from anesthetized rats pretreated with α-MSH and/or the HO-1 inhibitor SnPP, followed by cardiac function assessment on isolated working hearts, which were prepared using the Langendorff protocol. Induction of global ischemia was performed, followed by during reperfusion assessment of cardiac functions. Determination of incidence of cardiac arrhythmias was made by electrocardiogram. Major outcomes include echocardiographic data, suggesting that α-MSH has mild effects on systolic parameters, along with potent antiarrhythmic effects. Of particular significance was the specificity of dilatative effects on coronary vasculature, and similar outcomes of aortic ring experiments, which potentially allow different doses of the compound to be used to selectively target various portions of the vasculature for dilation.
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5
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Koleini N, Nickel BE, Wang J, Roveimiab Z, Fandrich RR, Kirshenbaum LA, Cattini PA, Kardami E. Fibroblast growth factor-2-mediated protection of cardiomyocytes from the toxic effects of doxorubicin requires the mTOR/Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:87415-87430. [PMID: 29152091 PMCID: PMC5675643 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiotoxic side effects impose limits to the use of anti-tumour chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin (Dox). There is a need for cardioprotective strategies to prevent the multiple deleterious effects of Dox. Here, we examined the ability of administered fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), a cardioprotective protein that is synthesized as high and low molecular weight (Hi-, Lo-FGF-2) isoforms, to prevent Dox-induced: oxidative stress; cell death; lysosome dysregulation; and inactivation of potent endogenous protective pathways, such as the anti-oxidant/detoxification nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf-2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) axis. Methods and Results Brief pre-incubation of neonatal rat cardiomyocyte cultures with either Hi- or Lo-FGF-2 reduced the Dox-induced: oxidative stress; apoptotic/necrotic cell death; lysosomal dysregulation; decrease in active mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR). FGF-2 isoforms prevented the Dox-induced downregulation of Nrf-2, and promoted robust increases in the Nrf-2-downstream targets including the cardioprotective protein HO-1, and p62/SQSTM1, a multifunctional scaffold protein involved in autophagy. Chloroquine, an autophagic flux inhibitor, caused a further increase in p62/SQSTM1, indicating intact autophagic flux in the FGF-2-treated groups. A selective inhibitor for HO-1, Tin-Protoporphyrin, prevented the FGF-2 protection against cell death. The mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin prevented FGF-2 protection, and blocked the FGF-2 effects on Nrf-2, HO-1 and p62/SQSTM1. Conclusions In an acute setting Hi- or Lo-FGF-2 protect cardiomyocytes against multiple Dox-induced deleterious effects, by a mechanism dependent on preservation of mTOR activity, Nrf-2 levels, and the upregulation of HO-1. Preservation/activation of endogenous anti-oxidant/detoxification defences by FGF-2 is a desirable property in the setting of Dox-cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Koleini
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Barbara E Nickel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zeinab Roveimiab
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Robert R Fandrich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lorrie A Kirshenbaum
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter A Cattini
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Elissavet Kardami
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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6
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Abo El Gheit R, Emam MN. Targeting heme oxygenase-1 in early diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Physiol Int 2017; 103:413-427. [PMID: 28229631 DOI: 10.1556/2060.103.2016.4.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common microvascular diabetic complications. This study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effect and underlying mechanisms of HO-1 induction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced early DN in rats. The diabetic rats were divided into three groups: STZ-diabetic, cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP)-treated diabetic, and zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP)-treated diabetic groups. Compared to the STZ-diabetic group, CoPP-induced HO-1 upregulation improved the diabetic state and renal functional parameters, suppressed the renal proinflammatory marker, NF-κB, abrogated the elevated renal hydroxyprolin, and decreased the enhanced renal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity with parallel reduction of urinary oxidative stress markers. On the contrary, treatment with ZnPP abrogated HO-1 levels, aggravated the diabetic condition with further increases in renal oxidative stress, fibrotic and inflammatory markers, and exacerbated renal dysfunction in diabetic animals. These findings suggest that the reduced diabetic renal injury upon HO-1 induction implicates the role of HO-1 induction as a potential treatment for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abo El Gheit
- 1 Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta, Egypt
| | - M N Emam
- 1 Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta, Egypt
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Stojanovic M, Zivkovic V, Srejovic I, Jakovljevic V, Jeremic N, Djuric D. The role of hydrogen sulfide in homocysteine-induced cardiodynamic effects and oxidative stress markers in the isolated rat heart. Physiol Int 2016; 103:428-438. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.103.2016.4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the role of H2S in homocysteine-induced cardiodynamic effects in the isolated rat heart. The hearts were retrogradely perfused according to the Langendorff technique. The maximum and minimum rates of pressure in the left ventricle (dp/dt max, dp/dt min), systolic and diastolic left ventricular pressures (SLVP, DLVP), heart rate (HR), and coronary flow (CF) were measured. A spectrophotometrical method was used to measure the following oxidative stress markers: index of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS), nitrite level (NO2−), superoxide anion radicals (O2•−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations. The administration of 10 µmol/l DL-homocysteine (DL-Hcy) alone decreased dp/dt max, SLVP, and CF but did not change any oxidative stress parameters. The administration of 10 µmol/l DL-propargylglycine (DL-PAG) decreased all cardiodynamic parameters and increased the concentration of O2•−. The co-administration of DL-Hcy and DL-PAG induced a significant decrease in all estimated cardiodynamic parameters and decreased the concentration of NO2− and O2•− but increased the levels of TBARS and H2O2. Homocysteine shows a lower pro-oxidative effect in the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which indicates a potential anti-oxidative capacity of H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stojanovic
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - V Zivkovic
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - I Srejovic
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - V Jakovljevic
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - N Jeremic
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - D Djuric
- 3 Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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8
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Feng Y, Bopassa JC. Oxygen surrounding the heart during ischemic conservation determines the myocardial injury during reperfusion. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 2015; 5:127-139. [PMID: 26309776 PMCID: PMC4539099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There is discrepancy regarding the duration of reperfusion required using 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining to assess myocardial infarction in an isolated, perfused heart model. Several investigators prefer long-term reperfusion (120 minutes) to determine myocardial injury, while others have used a shorter duration (30-40 minutes). We investigated whether oxygen surrounding the myocardium during ischemia plays a critical role in the installation of myocardial infarction during reperfusion. Mice hearts were perfused with a Langendorff apparatus using Krebs Henseleit (KH) buffer oxygenated with 95% O2 plus 5% CO2 at 37°C. Hearts were either immersed in KH or suspended in air during 18 minutes of global ischemia in a normothermic, water-jacketed chamber. Hearts then were reperfused for 40, 60, or 90 minutes. We found that hearts immersed in KH had decreased recovery of function and increased myocardial infarct size, reaching a steady-state level after 40 minutes of reperfusion. In contrast, hearts suspended in air approached steady-state after 90 minutes of reperfusion. Thus, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was much lower in air-maintained hearts than in KH-immersed hearts. To investigate whether an increase in oxygen surrounding the myocardium during ischemia might cause further damage, we bubbled the KH solution with nitrogen (KH+N2) rather than oxygen (KH+O2). With this alteration, recovery of cardiac function was improved and myocardial infarct size and mitochondrial ROS production were reduced compared with hearts immersed in KH+O2. In conclusion, short-term (40 minutes) reperfusion is sufficient to reach steady-state myocardial infarct size when hearts are immersed in physiologic solution during ischemia; however, a longer duration of reperfusion (90 minutes) is required if hearts are suspended in air. Thus, oxygen surrounding the heart during ischemia determines the extent of myocardium injury during reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Feng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Jean Chrisostome Bopassa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio TX 78229, USA
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are primary cause of death worldwide, particularly among populations with sedentary lifestyles and diets rich in animal products and processed foods. Currently, public health countermeasures to these disorders focus on costly and often marginally effective interventions administered only after the development of disease. These countermeasures are mainly palliative and fail to address the underlying causes of cardiac pathologies. Previously, the authors of this report have demonstrated that sour cherry seed kernel extract (SCSE), a nontoxic low-cost plant material, strongly preserves tissues through induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a critical host antioxidant defense enzyme. This investigation seeks to characterize underlying mechanisms of SCSE-mediated tissue protection. Isolated hearts from Sprague-Dawley rats fed 30 mg·kg·d SCSE for 8 weeks, and untreated controls were mounted in a "working heart" apparatus and subjected to ischemia and reperfusion. A panel of cardiac functional evaluations was conducted on each heart. Infarct size assessments were made along with Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis for selected proteins involved in cardiovascular homeostasis. SCSE treatment was observed to improve postischemic cardiac functions and suppress infarct size. Analysis of the outcomes produced by this study is consistent with SCSE cardioprotection that involve interaction of Bcl-2 and HO-1.
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Pipicz M, Varga ZV, Kupai K, Gáspár R, Kocsis GF, Csonka C, Csont T. Rapid ventricular pacing-induced postconditioning attenuates reperfusion injury: effects on peroxynitrite, RISK and SAFE pathways. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3472-83. [PMID: 25827015 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Rapid ventricular pacing (RVP) applied before an index ischaemia has anti-ischaemic effects. Here, we investigated whether RVP applied after index ischaemia attenuates reperfusion injury and whether peroxynitrite, reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) and survival activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathways as well as haem oxygenase 1 (HO1) are involved in the mechanism of RVP-induced postconditioning. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Langendorff perfused rat hearts were subjected to 30 min regional ischaemia and 120 min reperfusion with or without ischaemic postconditioning (6 × 10/10 s reperfusion/ischaemia; IPost) or RVP (6 × 10/10 s non-pacing/rapid pacing at 600 bpm) applied at the onset of reperfusion. KEY RESULTS Meta-analysis of our previous studies revealed an association between longer reperfusion-induced ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation with decreased infarct size. In the present experiments, we tested whether RVP is cardioprotective and found that both IPost and RVP significantly decreased infarct size; however, only RVP attenuated the incidence of reperfusion-induced ventricular tachycardia. Both postconditioning methods increased the formation of cardiac 3-nitrotyrosine and superoxide, and non-significantly enhanced Akt phosphorylation at the beginning of reperfusion without affecting ERK1/2 and STAT3, while IPost alone induced HO1. Application of brief ischaemia/reperfusion cycles or RVP without preceding index ischaemia also facilitated peroxynitrite formation; nevertheless, only brief RVP increased STAT3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Short periods of RVP at the onset of reperfusion are cardioprotective and increase peroxynitrite formation similarly to IPost and thus may serve as an alternative postconditioning method. However, downstream mechanisms of the protection elicited by IPost and RVP seem to be partially different. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Conditioning the Heart - Pathways to Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Pipicz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kupai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Gáspár
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Csaba Csonka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csont
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Mao X, Wang T, Liu Y, Irwin MG, Ou JS, Liao XL, Gao X, Xu Y, Ng KFJ, Vanhoutte PM, Xia Z. N-acetylcysteine and allopurinol confer synergy in attenuating myocardial ischemia injury via restoring HIF-1α/HO-1 signaling in diabetic rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68949. [PMID: 23874823 PMCID: PMC3715528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether or not the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and allopurinol (ALP) confer synergistic cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury by stabilizing hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) signaling in diabetic myocardium. METHODS Control or diabetic [streptozotocin (STZ)-induced] Sprague Dawley rats received vehicle or NAC, ALP or their combination for four weeks starting one week after STZ injection. The animals were then subjected to thirty minutes of coronary artery occlusion followed by two hours reperfusion in the absence or presence of the selective HO-1 inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin-IX (SnPP-IX) or the HIF-1α inhibitor 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2). Cardiomyocytes exposed to high glucose were subjected to hypoxia/re-oxygenation in the presence or absence of HIF-1α and HO-1 achieved by gene knock-down with related siRNAs. RESULTS Myocardial and plasma levels of 15-F2t-isoprostane, an index of oxidative stress, were significantly increased in diabetic rats while cardiac HO-1 protein and activity were reduced; this was accompanied with reduced cardiac protein levels of HIF-1α, and increased post-ischemic myocardial infarct size and cellular injury. NAC and ALP given alone and in particular their combination normalized cardiac levels of HO-1 and HIF-1α protein expression and prevented the increase in 15-F2t-isoprostane, resulting in significantly attenuated post-ischemic myocardial infarction. NAC and ALP also attenuated high glucose-induced post-hypoxic cardiomyocyte death in vitro. However, all the above protective effects of NAC and ALP were cancelled either by inhibition of HO-1 or HIF-1α with SnPP-IX and 2ME2 in vivo or by HO-1 or HIF-1α gene knock-down in vitro. CONCLUSION NAC and ALP confer synergistic cardioprotection in diabetes via restoration of cardiac HIF-1α and HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Mao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael G. Irwin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing-song Ou
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-long Liao
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kwok F. J. Ng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Paul M. Vanhoutte
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail:
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