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Cheng A, Zhao Z, Liu H, Yang J, Luo J. The physiological mechanism and effect of resistance exercise on cognitive function in the elderly people. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1013734. [PMID: 36483263 PMCID: PMC9723356 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1013734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As brain function declines and cognitive ability declines, the benefits of resistance exercise to the brain of older people are gradually gaining attention. Objective The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanism and relationship between physiological factors such as vascular and neuronal degeneration and cognitive decline, and to categorize the differences in the effects of an acute and chronic resistance exercise intervention on cognitive function in healthy elderly people and the possible regulators of cognitive effects. Methods Using PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, X-MOL, CNKI, and Taiwan academic literature database, the research papers published in relevant journals at home and abroad until April 2022 were searched with Chinese and English keywords such as Resistance exercise, the elderly, hippocampus, memory performance, neurons, cognitive function. Pedro scale was used to check the quality of various documents, and the relevant research documents were obtained with the resistance exercise elements as the main axis for comprehensive analysis. Results and conclusion (1) Resistance exercise can have a beneficial effect on the brain function of the elderly through blood flow changes, stimulate nerve conduction substances and endocrine metabolism, promote cerebrovascular regeneration and gray matter volume of the brain, and prevent or delay the cognitive function degradation such as memory and attention of the elderly; (2) Acute resistance can temporarily stimulate hormone secretion in vivo and significantly improve the effect of short-term memory test, but it has little effect on the cognitive performance of the elderly; (3) Moderate-high intensity resistance exercise (50-80%1RM, 1-3 times/week, 2-3 groups/time) lasting for at least 6 months is more prominent for the improvement of cognitive function of the elderly, while the parameters such as resistance exercise intensity, exercise amount, duration, evaluation test time and differences of subjects may have different degrees of influence on cognitive benefits.
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De Anda-Duran I, Woltz SG, Bell CN, Bazzano LA. Hypertension and cognitive function: a review of life-course factors and disparities. Curr Opin Cardiol 2022; 37:326-333. [PMID: 35731677 PMCID: PMC9354652 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dementia is a life-course condition with modifiable risk factors many from cardiovascular (CV) origin, and disproportionally affects some race/ethnic groups and underserved communities in the USA. Hypertension (HTN) is the most common preventable and treatable condition that increases the risk for dementia and exacerbates dementia pathology. Epidemiological studies beginning in midlife provide strong evidence for this association. This study provides an overview of the differences in the associations across the lifespan, and the role of social determinants of health (SDoH). RECENT FINDINGS Clinical trials support HTN management in midlife as an avenue to lower the risk for late-life cognitive decline. However, the association between HTN and cognition differs over the life course. SDoH including higher education modify the association between HTN and cognition which may differ by race and ethnicity. The role of blood pressure (BP) variability, interactions among CV risk factors, and cognitive assessment modalities may provide information to better understand the relationship between HTN and cognition. SUMMARY Adopting a life-course approach that considers SDoH, may help develop tailored interventions to manage HTN and prevent dementia syndromes. Where clinical trials to assess BP management from childhood to late-life are not feasible, observational studies remain the best available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana De Anda-Duran
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Sara G. Woltz
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Caryn N. Bell
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Lydia A. Bazzano
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
- Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA
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De Anda-Duran I, Alonso CF, Libon DJ, Carmichael OT, Kolachalama VB, Suglia SF, Au R, Bazzano LA. Carotid Intima-media Thickness and Midlife Cognitive Function: Impact of Race and Social Disparities in the Bogalusa Heart Study. Neurology 2022; 98:e1828-e1836. [PMID: 35228334 PMCID: PMC9109147 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) is a measurement of atherosclerosis, a progressive disease that develops as early as childhood and has been linked with cognitive impairment and dementia in the elderly. However, the relationship between c-IMT and midlife cognitive function as well as race and social disparities on this relationship remains unclear. We examined the association between c-IMT and cognitive function in midlife among Black and White participants from a semi-rural community-based cohort in Bogalusa, Louisiana. METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis of participants from the Bogalusa Heart Study, linear regression models were used to determine the association between c-IMT dichotomized above the 50th percentile (> 0.87mm), an a demographically standardized global cognitive (GCS) and individual cognitive domain-based z-scores. Stratified analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of race and the individual's education status. RESULTS A total of 1,217 participants (age 48 ± 5.28 years) were included, 66% (804) self-identified as White and 34% (413) as Black. Of those, 58% (708) were women, and 42% (509) were men Having a c-IMT > 50th percentile was inversely associated with GCS ([B ± SE]: -0.39 ± 0.18, P=0.03), independent of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and achieved education. The effect remained significant in Black and White participants after adjustment for CVRFs (Blacks: [B ± SE]: -1.25 ± 0.45, P=0.005; Whites: [B ± SE]: -0.92 ± 0.35, P=0.008), but not for education. The interaction between c-IMT >50th percentile and education was significant (P=0.03), and stratified analysis showed an association with GCS among those with lower achieved education ([B ± SE]: -0.81 ± 0.33, P=0.013) independent of major CVRFs. DISCUSSION Subclinical atherosclerosis, measured as c-IMT, was associated with worse midlife cognitive function, independent of major CVRFs. The association was buffered by education and may be stronger among Black than White participants, likely due to corresponding structural and social determinants. These findings underscore the importance of establishing preventive measures in midlife and suggest subclinical atherosclerosis as a potential target to prevent cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana De Anda-Duran
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - David J Libon
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA.,New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Owen T Carmichael
- Louisiana State University's Pennington Biomedical Research Centre, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Vijaya B Kolachalama
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Computer Science and Faculty of Computing and Data Sciences , Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shakira F Suglia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rhoda Au
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, and Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lydia A Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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He M, Cui B, Wang J, Xiao X, Wu T, Wang M, Yang R, Zhang B, Xu B, He X, Zhang G, Niu X, Li Z, Wang B, Xu B, Hui R, Wang Y. Focus on blood pressure levels and variability in the early phase of acute ischemic stroke with hypertension and carotid stenosis. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:2089-2099. [PMID: 34783432 PMCID: PMC8696233 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the optimal blood pressure (BP) levels and relative importance of BP and BP variability in the early phase of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) for hypertensive patients with carotid artery stenosis (CAS). A single‐center cohort study included 750 AIS patients with hypertension and tests were performed for CAS. Participants were categorized to Group 1 (SBP < 140 mm Hg and DBP < 90 mm Hg), Group 2: (SBP: 140–159 mm Hg and or DBP: 90–99 mm Hg), and Group 3: (SBP ≥160 mm Hg and/or DBP ≥100 mm Hg) according to the guidelines. The associations of mean BP levels and variability with outcomes (recurrent stroke, all‐cause death and the composite cardiovascular events) at 6 months were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard models. The associations of BP variability with BP levels and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were analyzed by linear regression and generalized additive models. Both for primary and secondary outcome, more events occurred in Group 1 compared with Group 2, while no significant difference was found in Group 3 with higher BP levels. Lower systolic BP variability showed better prognosis and higher CBF. The associations were more significant in patients with CAS ≥50%. BP variability exhibited a linear negative relationship with BP levels. In the early phase of AIS with hypertension and CAS, maintaining low blood pressure variability may be important to improve outcomes while low BP levels (SBP/DBP < 140/90 mm Hg) were harmful, especially in those patients with CAS ≥ 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli He
- The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin'e Wang
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Taotao Wu
- The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- The Neuroelectrophysiology Department, Lianyungang Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ru Yang
- The Neuroelectrophysiology Department, Lianyungang Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The Medical Imaging Department, Lianyungang Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingchao Xu
- The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobing He
- The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Niu
- The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zaipo Li
- The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bei Wang
- The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bei Xu
- The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rutai Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Wan T, Wei P, Yao Y, Liu H, Li J. Association of Carotid Plaque and Serum Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (LP-PLA2) with Postoperative Delirium in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Hip Replacement: A Prospective Cohort Study. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e927763. [PMID: 33188662 PMCID: PMC7673065 DOI: 10.12659/msm.927763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among carotid plaque (CP), serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase (LP-PLA2), and POD in elderly patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-two elderly patients undergoing hip replacement with spinal-epidural anesthesia were divided into CP and non-CP groups based on the preoperative presence or absence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques, as assessed by ultrasound. POD was diagnosed by means of the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). Blood samples were collected (preoperatively, postoperatively, and postoperative day 2) for the assessment of serum LP-PLA2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The CP group was further divided into POD and no-POD subgroups based on the occurrence of POD. RESULTS The incidence of POD was higher in the CP group than in the non-CP group (P0.05), it was higher in the CP group than in the non-CP group postoperatively and on postoperative day 2 (P0.05), but was significantly higher in the POD subgroup than in the no-POD subgroup on postoperative day 2 (P<0.05). Furthermore, the LP-PLA2 level on postoperative day 2 was an independent risk factor for POD (odds ratio: 1.03, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.07). CONCLUSIONS The preoperative presence of carotid plaque is closely associated with a higher incidence of POD. The potential mechanism may involve the increased expression of LP-PLA2 in the serum, which can lead to plaque destabilization and subsequent inflammatory cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Penghui Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Del Brutto OH, Mera RM, Recalde BY, Del Brutto VJ. Carotid Intima-media Thickness, Cognitive Performance and Cognitive Decline in Stroke-free Middle-aged and Older Adults. The Atahualpa Project. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:104576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Marston KJ, Brown BM, Rainey-Smith SR, Peiffer JJ. Resistance Exercise-Induced Responses in Physiological Factors Linked with Cognitive Health. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 68:39-64. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-181079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran J. Marston
- Department of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Ageing, Cognition and Exercise (ACE) Research Group, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Belinda M. Brown
- Department of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Ageing, Cognition and Exercise (ACE) Research Group, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith
- Ageing, Cognition and Exercise (ACE) Research Group, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremiah J. Peiffer
- Department of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Ageing, Cognition and Exercise (ACE) Research Group, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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8
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Cognitive impairment correlates with serum carbonyl compound profiles in subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Neuroreport 2018; 29:1550-1557. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Potential Risk Factors of the Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES NUTRITION AND METABOLIC DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/rjdnmd-2018-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
It is known that the aged persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus present a high risk for developing neurocognitive disorders and in order to explain this phenomenon we have proposed some potential risk factors. They can be involved in the causality patterns or can act as useful markers of the cerebrovascular lesions (or both) and for which there are strong proofs, including the poor glycemic control, hypoglycemia, microvascular diseases, inflammation or depression. For the macrovascular affections, the association with the cognitive disorders seems to devolve on the examined vascular system. It is put into discussion that for the next researches it is important to analyze how exactly the interrelations between the risk factors can contribute to cognitive disorders.
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Chen WH, Jin W, Lyu PY, Liu Y, Li R, Hu M, Xiao XJ. Carotid Atherosclerosis and Cognitive Impairment in Nonstroke Patients. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:2375-2379. [PMID: 28937045 PMCID: PMC5634090 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.215331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: As a vascular risk factor, carotid atherosclerosis is crucial to cognitive impairment. While carotid intima-media thickness, carotid artery plaque, and carotid stenosis can reflect carotid atherosclerosis in different stages, this review aimed to explore researches on the role of carotid intima-media thickness, carotid artery plaque, and carotid stenosis in the progress of cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients and tried to illustrate the possible mechanisms. Data Sources: We searched the PubMed database for recently published research articles up to July 2017, with the key words of “carotid atherosclerosis,” “carotid intima-media thickness,” “carotid plaque,” “carotid stenosis,” “nonstroke,” and “cognitive impairment.” Study Selection: Articles were obtained and reviewed to analyze the role of carotid atherosclerosis such as carotid intima-thickness, carotid plaque, and carotid stenosis in the progress of cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients and the possible mechanisms. Results: In recent years, most studies proved that by evaluating carotid atherosclerosis with ultrasonography, carotid atherosclerosis accounts for the development of cognitive decline in nonstroke patients. Carotid atherosclerosis not only impairs the subtle general cognitive function but also decreases the specific domains of cognitive function, such as memory, motor function, visual perception, attention, and executive function. But, it is still controversial. The possible mechanisms of cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients with carotid atherosclerosis can be classified as systemic global cerebrovascular function, small-vessel diseases, and the mixed lesions. Conclusions: Carotid atherosclerosis can be used to predict the risk of cognitive impairment. Furthermore, diagnosing and treating carotid atherosclerosis at early stage might help clinicians prevent and treat vascular cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hong Chen
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University; Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Lyu
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University; Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University; Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Rui Li
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University; Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Xiang-Jian Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
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Wardlaw JM, Allerhand M, Eadie E, Thomas A, Corley J, Pattie A, Taylor A, Shenkin SD, Cox S, Gow A, Starr JM, Deary IJ. Carotid disease at age 73 and cognitive change from age 70 to 76 years: A longitudinal cohort study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3042-3052. [PMID: 28155579 PMCID: PMC5536260 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16683693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline and carotid artery atheroma are common at older ages. In community-dwelling subjects, we assessed cognition at ages 70, 73 and 76 and carotid Doppler ultrasound at age 73, to determine whether carotid stenosis was related to cognitive decline. We used latent growth curve models to examine associations between four carotid measures (internal carotid artery stenosis, velocity, pulsatility and resistivity indices) and four cognitive ability domains (memory, visuospatial function, crystallised intelligence, processing speed) adjusted for cognitive ability at age 11, current age, gender and vascular risk factors. Amongst 866 participants, carotid stenosis (median 12.96%) was not associated with cognitive abilities at age 70 or cognitive decline from age 70 to 76. Increased ICA pulsatility and resistivity indices were associated with slower processing speed (both P < 0.001) and worse visuospatial function ( P = 0.036, 0.031, respectively) at age 70, and declining crystallised intelligence from ages 70 to 76 ( P = 0.008, 0.006, respectively). The findings suggest that vascular stiffening, rather than carotid luminal narrowing, adversely influences cognitive ageing and provides a potential target for ameliorating age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Wardlaw
- 1 Brain Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,2 Department of Neuroradiology, NHS Lothian, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.,3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Allerhand
- 3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elizabeth Eadie
- 2 Department of Neuroradiology, NHS Lothian, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Avril Thomas
- 2 Department of Neuroradiology, NHS Lothian, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janey Corley
- 3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alison Pattie
- 3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adele Taylor
- 3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan D Shenkin
- 3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,4 Geriatric Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon Cox
- 3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alan Gow
- 3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,5 Department of Psychology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John M Starr
- 3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- 3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Shibata T, Musha T, Kosugi Y, Kubo M, Horie Y, Kuwayama N, Kuroda S, Hayashi K, Kobayashi Y, Tanaka M, Matsuzaki H, Nemoto K, Asada T. Altered Neuronal Activity Topography Markers in the Elderly with Increased Atherosclerosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:216. [PMID: 28729833 PMCID: PMC5498522 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previously, we reported on vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) templates, consisting of patients with VCI associated with carotid stenosis (>60%) using a quantitative electroencephalographic (EEG) technique called neuronal activity topography (NAT). Here using the VCI templates, we investigated the hypothesis that internal carotid artery-intima-media thickness (ICA-IMT) is associated with EEG spectrum intensity (sNAT) and spectrum steepness (vNAT). Methods: A total of 221 community-dwelling elderly subjects were recruited. Four groups were classified according to quartiles of ICA-IMT as assessed by ultrasonography: control group A, normal (≤0.9 mm); group B, mild atherosclerosis (1-1.1 mm); group C, moderate atherosclerosis (1.2-1.8 mm); and group D, severe atherosclerosis (≥1.9 mm). EEG markers of power ratio index (PRI), and the binary likelihood of being in the VCI group vs. the that of being in control group A (sL x:VCI-A , vL x:VCI-A ) were assessed, respectively. Differences in mean total scores for PRI, sL x:VCI-A , vL x:VCI-A , between control group A and the other groups were compared using Dunnett's test, respectively. Results: The mean total scores of the PRI were 3.25, 3.00, 2.77, and 2.26 for groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the PRI in group D compared with group A (P = 0.0066). The mean total scores of the sL x:VCI-A were -0.14, -0.11, -0.1, and -0.03 for groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. The sL x:VCI-A in group D was significantly higher compared to that in group A (P < 0.0001). The mean total scores of the vL x:VCI-A were -0.04,-0.01, 0.01, and 0.06 for group A, B, C, and D, respectively. The vL x:VCI-A in group D and group C was significantly higher compared to that in group A, respectively (P < 0.0001, P = 0.02). Conclusion: Community-dwelling elderly subjects in the increased carotid atherosclerosis of ICA-IMT (≥1.9 mm) were at greatest risk of an EEG change as assessed by NAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shibata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stroke Center, Saiseikai Toyama HospitalToyama, Japan
| | | | | | - Michiya Kubo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stroke Center, Saiseikai Toyama HospitalToyama, Japan
| | - Yukio Horie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stroke Center, Saiseikai Toyama HospitalToyama, Japan
| | - Naoya Kuwayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmacological Science, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuroda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmacological Science, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
| | - Karin Hayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University Medical Center Sakura HospitalChiba, Japan
| | | | | | - Haruyasu Matsuzaki
- Brain Functions Laboratory Inc.Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Medical Course, Teikyo Heisei UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Asada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyo, Japan
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Calabrese V, Giordano J, Signorile A, Laura Ontario M, Castorina S, De Pasquale C, Eckert G, Calabrese EJ. Major pathogenic mechanisms in vascular dementia: Roles of cellular stress response and hormesis in neuroprotection. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:1588-1603. [PMID: 27662637 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD), considered the second most common cause of cognitive impairment after Alzheimer disease in the elderly, involves the impairment of memory and cognitive function as a consequence of cerebrovascular disease. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is a common pathophysiological condition frequently occurring in VaD. It is generally associated with neurovascular degeneration, in which neuronal damage and blood-brain barrier alterations coexist and evoke beta-amyloid-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammasome- promoted neuroinflammation, which contribute to and exacerbate the course of disease. Vascular cognitive impairment comprises a heterogeneous group of cognitive disorders of various severity and types that share a presumed vascular etiology. The present study reviews major pathogenic factors involved in VaD, highlighting the relevance of cerebrocellular stress and hormetic responses to neurovascular insult, and addresses these mechanisms as potentially viable and valuable as foci of novel neuroprotective methods to mitigate or prevent VaD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - James Giordano
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry and Neuroethics Studies Program, Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Anna Signorile
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Concetta De Pasquale
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Gunter Eckert
- Institute of Nutrition Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
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14
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Casado-Naranjo I, Romero Sevilla R, Portilla Cuenca JC, Duque de San Juan B, Calle Escobar ML, Fernández Pereira L, Fuentes JM, Ramírez-Moreno JM. Association between subclinical carotid atherosclerosis, hyperhomocysteinaemia and mild cognitive impairment. Acta Neurol Scand 2016; 134:154-9. [PMID: 26503595 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence suggests that intima-media thickness (IMT) and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels are associated with one another, and both appear to be related to cognitive dysfunction. However, no connection between both factors taken together and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been established. This study analysed potential relationships between IMT, Hcy and MCI. METHODS We included 105 patients with MCI and 76 controls with no history of vascular disease. All participants underwent laboratory analyses, a carotid ultrasound, and clinical and neuropsychological assessment. We used the Mantel-Haenszel test (MHT), ANCOVA and multiple linear regression models (MLRM) to examine any associations between IMT, Hcy and cognitive state. RESULTS The MHT revealed a significant association between IMT and risk of MCI (z = 4.285, P < 0.0001). The OR for the upper quartile vs the lower quartile was 5.12 (95% CI: 2.12-12.36). MHT also showed a clear association between Hcy levels and risk of MCI (z = 3.01, P = 0.003). OR for the upper vs the lower quartile was 3.39 (95% CI: 1.41-8.12). Additionally, we found a correlation between IMT and Hcy (r = 0.162, P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there is a connection between IMT, Hcy levels and presence of amnestic MCI in a population with no history of clinically manifest atherosclerosis. Furthermore, there is also a connection between the IMT and Hcy levels themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Casado-Naranjo
- Department of Neurology; Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara; Cáceres Spain
- CIBERNED; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Genetics; Nursing College; Universidad de Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
| | - R. Romero Sevilla
- Department of Neurology; Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara; Cáceres Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - J. M. Fuentes
- CIBERNED; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Genetics; Nursing College; Universidad de Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
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15
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Feinkohl I, Price JF, Strachan MWJ, Frier BM. The impact of diabetes on cognitive decline: potential vascular, metabolic, and psychosocial risk factors. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2015; 7:46. [PMID: 26060511 PMCID: PMC4460635 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-015-0130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Older people with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of developing cognitive impairment, for which several potential risk factors have been proposed. The present article reviews evidence in people with type 2 diabetes for associations of cognitive impairment with a range of vascular, metabolic, and psychosocial risk factors, many of which have a higher prevalence in people with type 2 diabetes than in non-diabetic adults of a similar age. Definitive research studies in this field are few in number. The risk factors may be involved in causal pathways or may act as useful markers of cerebrovascular damage (or both), and for which relatively consistent evidence is available, include poor glycemic control, hypoglycemia, microvascular disease, inflammation, and depression. For macrovascular disease, the strength of the association with cognitive impairment appears to depend on which vascular system has been examined. A role for pre-morbid ability in young adulthood as influencing the risk of both diabetes and cognitive impairment has also been suggested. The importance of considering inter-relationships between risk factors when investigating their potential contribution to cognitive impairment in future investigations is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa Feinkohl
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG Scotland UK
| | - Jackie F Price
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG Scotland UK
| | - Mark W J Strachan
- Metabolic Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Scotland UK
| | - Brian M Frier
- The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, College of Medical and Veterinary Medicine, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Scotland UK
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16
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Wang L, Jia J, Wu L. The relationship between cognitive impairment and cerebral blood flow changes after transient ischaemic attack. Neurol Res 2013; 35:580-5. [PMID: 23561248 DOI: 10.1179/1743132813y.0000000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyong Wu
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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17
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Kinzenbaw DA, Chu Y, Peña Silva RA, Didion SP, Faraci FM. Interleukin-10 protects against aging-induced endothelial dysfunction. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00149. [PMID: 24400151 PMCID: PMC3871464 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid and cerebrovascular disease increase markedly with age contributing to stroke and cognitive impairment. Inflammation is a key element of vascular disease. In these studies, we tested the hypothesis that interleukin-10 (IL-10), a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, protects against aging-induced endothelial dysfunction. Responses of carotid arteries from adult (5 ± 1 months) and old (22 ± 1 months) wild-type and IL-10-deficient mice were examined in vitro. Acetylcholine (an endothelium-dependent agonist) produced relaxation in arteries from adult wild-type that was not altered in old mice. In contrast, relaxation to acetylcholine in arteries from old IL-10-deficient mice was reduced by ∼50% (P < 0.05). Tempol, a scavenger of superoxide, did not affect responses in adult or old wild-type mice, but restored vasodilation to acetylcholine to normal in old IL-10-deficient mice. Responses of the carotid artery to nitroprusside (an endothelium-independent agonist) were not altered in any group. Vascular expression of IL-6 (a proinflammatory mediator of vascular disease) and components of NADPH oxidase (a major source of superoxide) was increased in old IL-10-deficient mice compared with wild-type (P < 0.05). These findings provide the first evidence that age-related and superoxide-mediated endothelial dysfunction occurs earlier with IL-10 deficiency. Our findings suggest a novel role for IL-10 to protect against age-related increases in expression of IL-6, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale A Kinzenbaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Iowa City, 52242, Iowa
| | - Yi Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Iowa City, 52242, Iowa
| | - Ricardo A Peña Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Iowa City, 52242, Iowa
| | - Sean P Didion
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Iowa City, 52242, Iowa ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, 39216, Mississippi
| | - Frank M Faraci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Iowa City, 52242, Iowa ; Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Iowa City, 52242, Iowa
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18
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Rogne SO, Solbu MD, Arntzen KA, Herder M, Mathiesen EB, Schirmer H. Albuminuria and carotid atherosclerosis as predictors of cognitive function in a general population. Eur Neurol 2013; 70:340-8. [PMID: 24158160 DOI: 10.1159/000353701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Albuminuria and carotid atherosclerosis are predictors of cardiovascular disease and potential predictors of cognitive decline. Our aim was to study whether albuminuria was an early predictor of cognitive function independent of carotid atherosclerosis in a general population. METHODS The study population comprised 1,577 adults without self-reported stroke. In 1994 and 2007 all were screened for cardiovascular risk factors, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), carotid intima-media thickness and carotid total plaque area (TPA). Endpoints were neuropsychological test results in 2007 from the digit symbol test, the finger-tapping test, the Mini Mental Status Examination and the 12-word test parts 1 and 2. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess associations. RESULTS Higher ACR, ΔACR, intima-media thickness, TPA and ΔTPA independently predicted a lower score on the digit symbol test. Higher ΔACR and ΔTPA predicted a lower score on the finger-tapping test. Higher TPA predicted a lower score on the 12-word test part 1 (immediate recall). Smoking predicted lower scores on the digit symbol and finger-tapping tests independent of albuminuria and carotid atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that albuminuria, carotid atherosclerosis and smoking are independent predictors of executive function and motor tempo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigbjørn O Rogne
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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19
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ZHAO JH, TIAN XJ, LIU YX, YUAN B, ZHAI KH, WANG CW, YUE JY, ZHANG LJ, LI Q, YAN HQ, LI GM, JI SB. Executive Dysfunction in Patients With Cerebral Hypoperfusion After Cerebral Angiostenosis/Occlusion. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2013; 53:141-7. [DOI: 10.2176/nmc.53.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua ZHAO
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Xiao-Jun TIAN
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Yan-Xia LIU
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Bin YUAN
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Kai-Hua ZHAI
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Chao-Wei WANG
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Jun-Yan YUE
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Li-Jun ZHANG
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Qing LI
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Hai-Qing YAN
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Gui-Min LI
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Si-Bei JI
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
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20
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Abstract
AIMS To assess the relationship between carotid flow velocity and cognitive impairment in patients with mild-moderate (<50%) carotid artery disease. METHODS We studied 407 participants with available carotid ultrasound and cognitive measures. We related peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV) of internal carotid artery (ICA) and common carotid artery (CCA) and intimal medial thickness (IMT) to Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Draw Test (CDT), Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL)and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). RESULTS EDV of CCA was significantly different in higher and lower MoCA (MMSE) groups. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that lower EDV was significantly associated with lower MoCA (+0.459 per standard deviation (SD), p<0. 01 for the left; +0.539 per SD, p<0. 01 for the right) and CDT (odds ratio (OR) 0.093, p< 0.05 for the left; OR) 0.120, p<0. 01 for the right) scores. PSV of left CCA (-0.205 per SD, p<0.05) and IMT (+42.536 per SD, p< 0.001) were associated with ADL. PSV of right CCA was associated with MMSE (+0.081 per SD, p<0.001). No significant relationship between ICA flow velocity and cognitive performance was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary data show that common carotid artery flow velocity was associated with cognitive performance.
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