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Sune MP, Sune MP, Mahajan SM, Sune P. Bilateral Ophthalmomyiasis Externa of Lid by Musca domestica: A Rare Presentation. Cureus 2024; 16:e60424. [PMID: 38882962 PMCID: PMC11179490 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
A case of severe blepharoconjunctivitis in the last three weeks diagnosed the slit lamp as external ophthalmomyiasis. On ocular examination, numerous pupae were present on the lid margins, firmly adhering to the lid lashes bilaterally. All of them were removed mechanically under topical anesthesia. They were 67 in number. Healing occurred without any complications. In such cases of blepharoconjunctivitis, physicians should consider the possibility of ophthalmomyiasis externa, especially in places where high numbers of livestock are found. Otherwise, there is a chance of missing the diagnosis, which can be met with a more serious condition called ophthalmomyiasis interna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjiri P Sune
- Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Wardha, Wardha, IND
| | - Mona P Sune
- Ophthalmology, Sune Eye Hospital, Wardha, Wardha, IND
| | - Shital M Mahajan
- Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, Wardha, IND
| | - Pradeep Sune
- Ophthalmology, Sune Eye Hospital, Wardha, Wardha, IND
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2
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Requena-Zúñiga E, Chapilliquen-Alban F, Leon-Cueto W, Bances-Juarez F, Valle-Toledo J, Rojas-Jaimes J. First record of Psorophora ferox (Diptera: Culicidae) infested with eggs of Dermatobia hominis (Diptera: Cuterebridae), in Ucayali: Peru. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:98. [PMID: 38561830 PMCID: PMC10985896 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dermatobia hominis belongs to the Cuterebridae family, Diptera order; These flies inhabit tropical regions where they are called "fly of death" since the larvae are capable of causing lesions in domestic animals, wild animals including humans, the adult females of D. hominis capture other dipteran to oviposit their eggs on them (phoresis), when hematophagous mosquitoes land on an animal and / or human in order to feed on their blood, the eggs hatch and the larvae immediately penetrate the skin where they will develop to later abandon the host, then in the soil and / or other moist substrate the pupal stage develops, finally new adult flies will emerge from the pupae. OBJECTIVE The primary goal of the present study was to determine as first record, the presence of Psorophora ferox infested with eggs of Dermatobia hominis, Peru. METHODOLOGY The present study was carried out in an area of the private reserve "El Vencedor", located within the city of Pucallpa, Ucayali Region-Perú. The area is characterized by being humid tropical, with an average temperature of 26ºC and humidity of 92%, while the annual precipitation is approximately 1570 mm3. The capture method was carried out with the help of a hand net type "butterfly" or also called Jama. RESULTS A total of 668 mosquitoes of different species were collected, the most abundant being Psorophora albigenu and Psorophora ferox, which represented 88.72% and the least abundant was Culex coronator and Uranotaenia apicalis with 0.15% of the total sample collected. CONCLUSIONS Within these specimens it was captured a mosquito of the species Ps. ferox with the presence of 8 eggs of D. hominis, of which 3 would have hatched, while in the remaining 5, the larvae would remain inside the eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jesús Rojas-Jaimes
- Facultad de Ciencias de Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Av. El Sol 461, San Juan de Lurigancho 15434, Lima, Perú.
- Escuela de Medicina Humana-Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Perú.
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3
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Martinez-Rojano H, Huerta H, Sámano R, Chico-Barba G, Mier-Cabrera J, Plascencia-Nieto ES. Ophthalmomyiasis Externa and Importance of Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations, and Diagnosis: Review of the Medical Literature. Diseases 2023; 11:180. [PMID: 38131986 PMCID: PMC10743177 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aims to describe and compare the risk factors, clinical course, diagnosis, and parasitologic features of external ophthalmomyiasis. We also discuss the different preventive measures and the effect of global warming in a large case series reported from January 2000 to December 2022. METHODS We perform a literature review of reported cases of external ophthalmomyiasis to determine the clinical characteristics, therapeutic management, and information on the organisms that most commonly cause external ophthalmomyiasis. RESULTS A total of 312 cases of external ophthalmomyiasis were recorded. The most common causative organism was Oestrus ovis (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Oestridae), accounting for 72.1% of cases, followed by Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus Jr. in Pallas, 1781) (Diptera: Oestridae) at 5.4%, Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at 0.96%, and Chrysomyia bezziana (Villeneuve) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at 0.96%. Before experiencing symptoms, 43.6% of cases reported having direct contact with flies or being hit in the eye, 33% reported no associated risk factors, 9.3% reported living with sheep and goats, and 7.7% reported a history of foreign objects entering the eye. The most common symptoms for those affected by O. ovis were sudden onset, including a foreign body sensation and movement, redness, tearing, itching, swelling, irritation, photophobia, burning, and ocular secretion. In cases caused by D. hominis, symptoms included eyelid edema, pain, redness, itching, movement within the lesion, ocular irritation, and discharge. Regarding occupational or recreational activity, agriculture, and livestock had the highest incidence, followed by trades and technical activities, being a student, and having traveled to an endemic region for work or recreation. CONCLUSION Patients with red eyes may suffer from external ophthalmomyiasis, which requires a thorough examination to diagnose and treat it early. Moreover, as the temperature increases due to climate change, it is essential to consider how this will affect the spread of different pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Martinez-Rojano
- Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomas, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
- Coordinación de Medicina Laboral, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Francisco de P. Miranda No. 177, Colonia Unidad Lomas de Plateros, Ciudad de México 01480, Mexico
| | - Herón Huerta
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Francisco de P. Miranda No. 177, Colonia Unidad Lomas de Plateros, Ciudad de México 01480, Mexico;
| | - Reyna Sámano
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (R.S.); (G.C.-B.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - Gabriela Chico-Barba
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (R.S.); (G.C.-B.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - Jennifer Mier-Cabrera
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (R.S.); (G.C.-B.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - Estibeyesbo Said Plascencia-Nieto
- Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomas, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
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Nakstad B, Zandile Y, Gaebolae K, Banda FM, Dinotshe T, Imran F, Gezmu AM. Ophthalmomyiasis in a preterm neonate resulting in blindness: A case report from Botswana. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:955212. [PMID: 36245720 PMCID: PMC9557118 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.955212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Myiasis is an infestation of human tissue by insect larvae. While rare, healthcare-associated myiasis has been reported from immobilized patients in resource-limited healthcare facilities in warm climates without adequate vector control measures. We describe a case of Ophthalmomyiasis in a hospitalized neonate in Botswana that resulted in vision loss. The neonate, who was initially hospitalized due to the complications of prematurity, received phototherapy for jaundice, and to avoid phototherapy-related retinopathy, the neonate's eyes were covered using cotton gauze and adhesive tapes that potentially damaged the skin as commercially available eye covering was not in stock. Therefore, eye covering was not changed and when the eye covering was removed almost 3 days after placement, insect larvae were noted in the patient's eyes and nose. Ophthalmologic evaluation revealed perforated corneal ulcer and uveal prolapse in the right eye resulting in complete blindness and corneal scarring of the left eye. The patient's clinical course was further complicated by an Enterobacter species bloodstream infection. This case highlights the importance of vector control as a major patient safety measure for neonatal units in warm climates. Flies had been observed in the room and mitigation measures included reducing fly populations through traps, screens, and removal of standing water and leftover food. Every mother and staff were sanitizing hands when entering the room and gowns were used. This case also reinforces the importance to conduct vigilant monitoring of patients, especially neonates with eyes covered during phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Nakstad
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Health, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.,Division Paediatric Adolescent Medicine, Inst Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yeni Zandile
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Health, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kesiilwe Gaebolae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Francis Msume Banda
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Health, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Tebo Dinotshe
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Health, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Fizzah Imran
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Health, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
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Jamshidian-Tehrani M, Cheraqpour K, Amini M, Amoli FA, Kasaee A. Orbital myiasis on recurrent undifferentiated carcinoma in the COVID-19 era: a case report and brief review of the literature. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2021; 11:44. [PMID: 34800187 PMCID: PMC8605467 DOI: 10.1186/s12348-021-00271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myiasis is defined as the infestation of living tissues by Diptera larvae. Ophthalmic involvement occurs in less than 5% of cases. As the most uncommon type of involvement, orbital myiasis usually affects patients with poor personal hygiene, a low socioeconomic status, a history of surgery, and cancer. Findings In January 2020, an 89-year-old man presented to the Oculoplastic Department of Farabi Eye Hospital (Iran) with a history of left-side progressive orbital mass for six months. A large infiltrative mass of the left orbit with extension to the globe, periorbita, and adnexa was remarkable at the presentation, and its appearance suggested malignancy. Our findings persuaded us to perform exenteration and histopathological evaluation which were reported as “undifferentiated carcinoma”. Regular follow-up visits were recommended. In June 2020, with a 3-month delay, the patient presented with the recurrence of the mass complicated with mobile alive larva. Examinations revealed numerous maggots crawling out of an ulcerative and foul-smelling lesion. He stated that fear of COVID-19 infection postponed his follow-up visit. The patient underwent immediate mechanical removal of larvae, followed by wide local excision of the mass. Conclusion Patients with carcinoma of the adnexal tissues seem to be more prone to myiasis infestation even though it is an uncommon disease. Since COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic with no end in sight appropriate protocols should be implemented to prevent loss of follow-up in these high risk patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12348-021-00271-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansooreh Jamshidian-Tehrani
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Tehran, 1336616351, Iran
| | - Kasra Cheraqpour
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Tehran, 1336616351, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Tehran, 1336616351, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Asadi Amoli
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Tehran, 1336616351, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Kasaee
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Tehran, 1336616351, Iran.
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Ricci GD, Garippa G, Cortese S, Serra R, Boscia F, Dore S, Pinna A. In vitro larvicidal activity of ivermectin and povidone-iodine against Oestrus ovis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259044. [PMID: 34699563 PMCID: PMC8547687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the in vitro larvicidal activity of ivermectin and povidone-iodine (PVP-I) against Oestrus ovis, the most frequent cause of external ophthalmomyiasis. Methods L1 O. ovis larvae were collected from the nasal boots of sheep slaughtered in local abattoirs and transferred onto Petri dishes containing mucosal tissue (25 larvae/dish). The larvicidal activity of the following formulations was tested: 1% ivermectin suspension in balanced sterile saline solution (BSSS), 1% ivermectin solution in propylene glycol, propylene glycol, 0.6% PVP-I in hyaluronic acid vehicle (IODIM®), and combination of ivermectin 1% solution and 0.6% PVP-I. One mL of each formulation was added to different Petri dishes containing the larvae. The time needed to kill the larvae was recorded. Results 893 larvae were tested. The median time needed to kill the larvae was 46, 44, 11, 6, and 10 minutes for Iodim®, ivermectin 1% suspension, propylene glycol, ivermectin 1% solution, and a combination of ivermectin 1% solution with 0.6% PVP-I, respectively. Kaplan-Meyer analysis disclosed that the survival curves were significantly lower in samples treated with ivermectin 1% solution, ivermectin 1% solution + 0.6% PVP-I, and propylene glycol than in samples receiving other treatments or BSSS. Conclusion In this in vitro study, ivermectin 1% solution in propylene glycol, ivermectin 1% solution + 0.6% PVP-I, and propylene glycol alone showed a good, relatively rapid larvicidal activity against O. ovis larvae. Further experimental and clinical studies are necessary to establish whether, or not, these formulations may be considered as potential candidates for the topical treatment for external ophthalmomyiasis caused by O. ovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe D’Amico Ricci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Ospedale Sperino-Oftalmico, SC Oculistica II, ASL Città Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Garippa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Cortese
- SC di Farmacia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Rita Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Boscia
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Section of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Dore
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Sciences, Ophthalmology Unit, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- UOC di Oculistica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinna
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Sciences, Ophthalmology Unit, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- UOC di Oculistica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- * E-mail:
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May-Junior JA, Fagundes-Moreira R, Souza VBD, Almeida BAD, Haberfeld MB, Sartorelo LR, Ranpim LE, Fragoso CE, Soares JF. Dermatobiosis in Panthera onca: first description and multinomial logistic regression to estimate and predict parasitism in captured wild animals. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2021; 30:e023820. [PMID: 33787735 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dermatobia hominis is a parasite widely distributed in neotropical regions. The parasitic phase of the cycle is characterized by the formation of a subcutaneous nodule in the host, which can promote infestation by other dipterans and skin infections. The aim of this report is to register parasitism by D. hominis in free-ranging Panthera onca captured in the Brazilian wetland and to determine significant biological and meteorological factors that are likely to influence the presence of larval parasitism in captured wild jaguars. Between 2011 to 2020, 34 jaguars were captured and examined manually by searching for lesions characteristic of myiasis. By manual compression in the subcutaneous nodules, larvae morphologically identified as D. hominis (first and third instars) were collected from 13 jaguars. A multinomial logistic regression showed that adult jaguars had 16.49-fold higher odds of being parasitized than subadults. Thus, jaguars captured in the season of July-September have 34.01- and 11.42-fold higher odds of being parasitized compared to the seasons of October-December and April-June, respectively, which is associated with high total monthly precipitation in the previous season. The present study is the first to describe parasitism by D. hominis larvae in jaguars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joares Adenilson May-Junior
- Associação Onçafari, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Panthera Corporation, New York, NY, USA.,Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brasil.,Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Renata Fagundes-Moreira
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Bruno Albuquerque de Almeida
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Mario B Haberfeld
- Associação Onçafari, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Instituto SOS Pantanal, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - João Fabio Soares
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Abstract
Dermatobia hominis, also known as the human botfly, is native to tropical and subtropical Central and South America and seen in travelers from endemic to temperate regions including the United States and Europe. Cutaneous infestation botfly myiasis involves the development of D. hominis larvae in the skin and is common in tropical locations. The distinct appearance of a cutaneous D. hominis infestation facilitates early diagnosis and intervention where cases are common. However, the identification of D. hominis in temperate regions may prove challenging due to its rarity. D. hominis may be misdiagnosed as folliculitis, an epidermal cyst, or an embedded foreign object with secondary impetigo. One should have a heightened suspicion in someone returning from a vacation in an endemic area, such as Belize. Here we describe the presentation, differential diagnosis, and treatment and encourage enhanced preventative measures among tourists when visiting tropical and subtropical regions. Additionally, we propose a novel classification system for assessing the various stages of infestation and suggest that patients reporting travel to Latin America and experiencing pain disproportionate to an insect bite should lead physicians to consider myiasis caused by D. hominis.
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Dos Passos JBS, Coelho LV, de Arruda JAA, Silva LVDO, do Valle IB, Santos MDS, de Figueiredo EL, Abreu LG, Mesquita RA. Oral myiasis: Analysis of cases reported in the English literature from 1990 to 2020. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2020; 41:20-31. [PMID: 33125723 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Myiasis is an infection caused by the deposition of fly larvae in tissues, and its involvement in the human oral cavity is uncommon. Herein, we have performed a data analysis of published cases of oral myiasis. A search was performed in PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS. Geographic distribution, demographic data, associated factors, clinical features, fly types, treatment, and presence of sequelae were analyzed. A total of 122 articles reported the cases of 157 infected individuals. The most affected countries were India (41%) and Brazil (29.5%). Male predominance (67.5%) and a mean of 41.9 years of age were observed. The gingiva (29%) was the most affected site, followed by palate (25%) and lip (21%). There were different forms and combinations of treatments: manual removal of larvae and surgical debridement, application of asphyxiating substances, antibiotic therapy, and use of ivermectin. The condition predominantly affects individuals with neurological and/or locomotor disabilities, of low socioeconomic status, with poor oral hygiene and chemical dependence and individuals with previous injuries or with the absence of lip sealing. The establishment of a standard treatment protocol, enabling comparison in future studies and providing uniformity in treatment strategies offered by health services is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Bianchi Souza Dos Passos
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiza Vale Coelho
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Alcides Almeida de Arruda
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leni Verônica de Oliveira Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabella Bittencourt do Valle
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Souza Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eugênia Leal de Figueiredo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Pernambuco, Camaragibe, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Child's and Adolescent's Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Rao S, Radhakrishnasetty N, Chadalavada H, Hiremath C. External ophthalmomyiasis by Oestrus ovis: A case report from Davangere. J Lab Physicians 2020; 10:116-117. [PMID: 29403219 PMCID: PMC5784282 DOI: 10.4103/jlp.jlp_18_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
External ophthalmomyiasis is an infestation of the eye with larvae of Dermatobia hominis or Oestrus ovis (sheep bot fly). We describe a case of ophthalmomyiasis in a 38-year-old male, who presented with ocular foreign body sensation, redness, pain, and watering of the eye. The causative larvae were removed and sent to the laboratory for identification. By studying morphological features, it was identified as the first instar larvae of O. ovis. The patient was put on topical and oral antibiotics but was lost to follow-up. This is probably the first report from this part of Karnataka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Rao
- Department of Microbiology, JJM Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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Pereira Júnior AJA, Possas da Fonseca Pereira I, Coelho da Silva Filho N, Souza Mota Reis C. Miíase maxilofacial: relato de casos. HU REVISTA 2019. [DOI: 10.34019/1982-8047.2019.v45.16961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introdução: A miíase é uma afecção produzida pela infestação de larvas de moscas em pele e outros tecidos, sendo mais frequente nos países subdesenvolvidos e tropicais. Além disso, quando diagnosticada e tratada tardiamente pode levar o paciente a óbito. Objetivo: Há várias formas de tratamento descritas e a escolha da terapia varia a cada caso, segundo o número de larvas e o tecido envolvido. O intuito deste trabalho é relatar dois casos clínicos de miíase envolvendo a região maxilofacial, demonstrando a eficiência e a segurança da terapia escolhida. Relato de caso: Dois pacientes foram tratados através da remoção mecânica das larvas com auxílio de pinça e administração, por via oral, de antiparasitário (Ivermectina 12mg, dose única). Observou-se uma redução total de larvas nas feridas sem nenhuma intercorrência significativa. Conclusão: A remoção mecânica das larvas associada com Ivermectina em dose única é uma opção viável para o tratamento de miíase na região maxilofacial.
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Karesh JW, Mazzoli RA, Heintz SK. Ocular Manifestations of Mosquito-Transmitted Diseases. Mil Med 2019; 183:450-458. [PMID: 29635625 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usx183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the 3,548 known mosquito species, about 100 transmit human diseases. Mosquitoes are distributed globally throughout tropical and temperate regions where standing water sources are available for egg laying and the maturation of larva. Female mosquitoes require blood meals for egg production. This is the main pathway for disease transmission. Mosquitoes carry several pathogenic organisms responsible for significant ocular pathology and vision loss including West Nile, Rift Valley, chikungunya, dengue viruses, various encephalitis viruses, malarial parasites, Francisella tularensis, microfilarial parasites, including Dirofilaria, Wuchereria, and Brugia spp., and human botfly larvae. Health care providers may not be familiar with many of these mosquito-transmitted diseases or their associated ocular findings delaying diagnosis, treatment, and recovery of visual function. This article aims to provide an overview of the ocular manifestations associated with mosquito-transmitted diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Karesh
- The Vision Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8960 Brown Drive, Building 2, 1st Floor, Room 1403-A, Bethesda, MD 20889-5629
| | - Robert A Mazzoli
- The Vision Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8960 Brown Drive, Building 2, 1 st Floor, Room 1403-A, Bethesda, MD 20889-5629.,Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Avenue, Tacoma, WA 98431
| | - Shannon K Heintz
- The Vision Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8960 Brown Drive, Building 2, 1st Floor, Room 1403-A, Bethesda, MD 20889-5629
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Martínez-Hernández F, Vega-Memije ME, Villalobos G, Perez-Rojas D, Asz-Sigall D, Rivas N, Alejandre R, Maravilla P, Valdovinos MR. Myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis in Mexico: morphological and molecular identification using the cytochrome oxidase I gene. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2019; 61:e45. [PMID: 31531623 PMCID: PMC6746196 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201961045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis , the human botfly, is frequent in the Americas, however, scarce morphological and molecular information exist regarding this dipteran. We describe three cases in urban areas of Mexico were D. hominis is not endemic. Morphological and genetic identification were performed using the cytochrome oxidase I as a molecular marker. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene is useful for inferring the genetic divergence of D. hominis .
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Toussaint-Caire S, Woroszylski-Yoselevitz A, Vega-Memije ME, Villalobos G, Rivas N, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Romero-Valdovinos M, Maravilla P, Martinez-Hernandez F. Imported and Autochthonous Cases of Myiasis Caused by Dermatobia hominis: Taxonomic Identification Using the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 99:940-944. [PMID: 30062994 PMCID: PMC6159586 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatobia hominis is a fly endemic to and widely distributed throughout the Americas; it is found from the southern regions of Mexico to Argentina. However, because of widespread travel, myiasis has become common in countries where neither the disease nor the species that cause this infection are endemic. Central Mexico, for instance, is not a region where myiasis is endemic. We, thus, describe three cases of D. hominis myiasis: two autochthonous cases from the southern part of Mexico and one imported from Costa Rica. In addition, morphological and genetic identification was performed on the maggots extracted from the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Toussaint-Caire
- Departamento de Dermatopatologia, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Maria Elisa Vega-Memije
- Departamento de Dermatopatologia, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Guiehdani Villalobos
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Nancy Rivas
- Laboratorio de Entomologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Entomologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Mirza Romero-Valdovinos
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Fernando Martinez-Hernandez
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Serra Moltó A, Molina Martín JC, Mengual Verdú E, Hueso Abancens JR. External ophthalmomyiasis due to Dermatobia hominis. A case report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 93:402-405. [PMID: 29580757 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL CASE A 46-year-old woman with no relevant medical history, native of Honduras and resident in Spain for one and a half months. The patient went to the Emergency Department due to inflammation of the upper eyelid of the right eye, with an area that simulated an abscess. This was drained (obtaining hardly any purulent content). Treatment was prescribed with oral and topical antibiotics, as well as an anti-inflammatory drug. One week later the patient returned, with improvement of the inflammatory signs, but with discomfort and corneal erosions. After eversion of the upper eyelid, a «worm» type parasite emerged from the tarsus. The extraction was completed with a clamp, and was later identified as Dermatobia hominis (Dh) by examination of a fresh specimen. The subsequent outcome of the patient was favourable. DISCUSSION Preseptal cellulitis in patients from tropical and sub-tropical areas can be caused by Dh.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Serra Moltó
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, España
| | - J C Molina Martín
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, España.
| | - E Mengual Verdú
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, España
| | - J R Hueso Abancens
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, España
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Ophthalmomyiasis externa: A case report from Alkharj, Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2017; 32:250-252. [PMID: 30224893 PMCID: PMC6137905 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophthalmomyiasis is an infestation of mammalian eyes with larvae or maggots of certain flies. Oestrus ovis is the most common cause of human myiasis. This article reports a case of ophthalmomyiasis externa caused by Oestrus ovis (sheep nasal botfly) in a young healthy male, living in Al Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Patient presented with acute symptoms in left eye in April, mimicking as unilateral conjunctivitis/keratitis/external ocular foreign body/uveitis. Prompt diagnosis and mechanical removal of five live larvae from conjunctival fornices of the left eye under topical anaesthesia and cyclopentolate 1% eyedrops, not only relieved patient’s severe symptoms in a single day but also prevented rare yet sight threatening complications.
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External Ophthalmomyiasis Due to Dermatobia hominis Masquerading As Orbital Cellulitis. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 32:e113-6. [PMID: 25226095 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human parasitization by oestrid flies is a rare occurrence. The authors report a case of ophthalmomyiasis externa caused by Dermatobia hominis infestation in a 10-year-old female. Misdiagnosis resulted in a delay in treatment, which can be potentially devastating in cases of orbital or ocular involvement. The treatment of choice is early surgical removal of the larvae to minimize the inflammatory response and the extent of surgery. Patients should also be screened for multiple sites of cutaneous infestation. When the organism is completely excised, the prognosis is good.
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Villalobos G, Vega-Memije ME, Maravilla P, Martinez-Hernandez F. Myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis: countries with increased risk for travelers going to neotropic areas. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55:1060-8. [PMID: 27126902 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we review the human botfly (Dermatobia hominis), which belongs to a group of Diptera generically known as "myiasis-causing flies," characterized by the ability of their larvae to develop in animal flesh. In addition to its medical and economic importance, there is an academic interest in this botfly because of its peculiar biology, particularly because a phoretic diptera is needed to complete the life cycle. The larvae penetrate the host's skin, causing furuncle-like lesions that are pruritic, painful, and resemble subcutaneous nodules, producing irreversible perforations in the skin. Although D. hominis is distributed from Mexico to Argentina, a review performed by our working group from 1999 to 2015 determined that the countries with the highest infection rates in travelers are Belize, Bolivia, and Brazil. Interestingly, infected men show a higher variation in the distribution of the lesions than in women. Many treatment schemes have been suggested, including the application of highly dense liquids to the lesion to cause anoxia in the D. hominis larvae. We showed, for the first time, a Bayesian inference between D. hominis and other myiasis-causing flies. The flies grouped into two main clusters according to their capacity to produce facultative and obligatory myiasis, and D. hominis was phylogenetically close to Cuterebra spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiehdani Villalobos
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Pablo Maravilla
- Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, Mexico
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19
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External ophthalmomyiasis: a case series and review of ophthalmomyiasis in Turkey. Int Ophthalmol 2016; 36:887-891. [PMID: 26895273 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-016-0204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ophthalmomyiasis externa is the infestation of the superficial external ocular structures by fly larvae. This is a particularly rare condition, which has nevertheless been reported in several countries worldwide. It is common in sheep-farming areas, especially in Mediterranean countries. The patients may present with classic conjunctivitis, pseudomembranous conjunctivitis, conjunctival hemorrhages, punctuate keratitis, keratouveitis, and eyelid edema with erythema. Herein, we present three cases of external ophthalmomyiasis caused by Oestrus ovis larvae and review ophthalmomyiasis cases reported from Turkey.
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Sundu C, Dinç E, Kurtuluş UC, Yıldırım Ö. Ophthalmomyiasis Externa: A Report of Three Cases. Turk J Ophthalmol 2015; 45:220-222. [PMID: 27800236 PMCID: PMC5082245 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.70456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Three patients were admitted to our clinic with symptoms of conjunctivitis. On ocular examination, moving larvae were seen in the conjunctival sac. All of the larvae were immobilized by topical cyclopentolate and removed mechanically under topical anesthesia. The patients healed without any complications after the treatment. Physicians should consider ophthalmomyiasis externa in patients presenting with similar symptoms, especially in areas with high numbers of livestock. Otherwise the diagnosis can be missed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Sundu
- Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Erdem Dinç
- Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Umut Can Kurtuluş
- Aşkım Tüfekçi State Hospital, Clinic of Ophthalmology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Özlem Yıldırım
- Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Mersin, Turkey
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Abstract
Myiasis, the infestation of tissues of live humans and other vertebrate animals with dipteran larvae (maggots), is a phenomenon of widespread occurrence throughout the tropical regions of the world. It is commonly seen in domestic and wild animals but occurs rarely in man also. The tissue invasion in man by maggots is generally a well-recognized complication of neglected wounds. The condition may be asymptomatic but occasionally results in more or less severe problems and even death when larvae invade body cavities or areas that forbid their direct visual examination. Many cases of myiasis, however, usually do not reach the attention of medical practitioners because of the tendency of the mature larvae to migrate out of the lesion for pupation. In the present study, the authors reviewed the past literature describing the cases of human myiasis, causative fly species and predisposing factors for the onset of the same. The aim of the present manuscript is to provide a database for the future reference of medical entomologists, medical practitioners and veterinarians. Review of literature revealed that 37 fly species belonging to ten families were responsible worldwide for the onset of human myiasis. The incidence of myiasis among humans can be correlated to increasing fly populations, poor hygienic conditions and presence of domestic animals in the close vicinity. Other factors responsible for myiasis include neglected open wounds and foul-smelling discharge from natural body openings. Moreover, ignorance plays a key role in its occurrence since people are generally unaware about the actual cause and often correlate the condition to their superstitious beliefs. It is emphasized that the patients should not neglect their wounds and should take proper medical care; otherwise, myiasis may supervene.
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Yardley AME, Hoskin AK, Hanman K, Wan SL, Mackey DA. Animal-inflicted ocular and adnexal injuries in children: A systematic review. Surv Ophthalmol 2015; 60:536-46. [PMID: 26022273 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eye injury remains the leading cause of monocular blindness in children despite 90% of injuries being potentially preventable. Children interact with animals in a variety of situations, and the associated dangers may be underestimated. Animals are capable of causing ocular and adnexal injuries that are cosmetically and visually devastating. We examine the current literature regarding the nature and severity of animal-inflicted ocular and adnexal injuries in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie E Yardley
- Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Annette K Hoskin
- Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kate Hanman
- Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sue L Wan
- Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Tomy RM, Prabhu PB. Ophthalmomyiasis externa by Musca domestica in a case of orbital metastasis. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014; 61:671-3. [PMID: 24145557 PMCID: PMC3959088 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.119318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Infestation of the living tissues of the eye, ocular adnexae or orbit by larvae of flies of the order Diptera is known as ophthalmomyiasis. Ophthalmomyiasis externa is a limited superficial infestation of external ocular structures such as conjunctiva and adnexae. A case of follicular carcinoma thyroid with orbital metastasis presenting as ophthalmomyiasis externa is reported. The patient presented with foul smelling ulcers of the medial and lateral orbital walls of the right eye extending into the lids and nose, teeming with maggots. Computerized Tomography (CT) showed widespread bone destruction with extension into surrounding sinuses. Over 200 maggots were manually removed after immobilisation with turpentine oil instillation. Entomological examination showed it to be a case of accidental myiasis caused by the common housefly Musca domestica. The patient was managed conservatively and the ulcer cavities filled up with healthy granulation tissue. This case is presented on account of its rarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Mary Tomy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
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25
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Botfly larva masquerading as periorbital cellulitis: identification by point-of-care ultrasonography. Pediatr Emerg Care 2014; 30:437-9. [PMID: 24892687 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Myiasis, or the infiltration of the botfly larvae, is a relatively frequent problem encountered by travelers to parts of Latin America. This is a novel case report that documents a Dermatobia hominis infestation of the left facial region with secondary periorbital cellulitis diagnosed by point-of-care ultrasonography.
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Pseudo-Romaña Sign Due to Botfly Infestation. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2014; 22:180-184. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0b013e3182910363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pahuja S, Puranik C, Jelliti B, Khairallah M, Sangwan VS. Parasitic Infections of the External Eye. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2013; 21:292-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2013.770889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ribeiro ALR, de Almeida TE, Júnior JSL, de Araújo Castro JF, de Jesus Viana Pinheiro J. Oral myiasis: does an indication for surgical treatment still exist? Two case reports. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 114:e10-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Orbital parasitoses are uncommon diseases. Due to specific characteristics of orbital space, many different diseases, such as tumors and inflammatory disease, can present with similar clinical manifestations. The aim of this study is to review the most important clinical, epidemiological, and treatment aspects of orbital parasitoses described worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre L L Curi
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, IPEC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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30
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Abstract
Myiasis is defined as the infestation of live vertebrates (humans and/or animals) with dipterous larvae. In mammals (including humans), dipterous larvae can feed on the host's living or dead tissue, liquid body substance, or ingested food and cause a broad range of infestations depending on the body location and the relationship of the larvae with the host. In this review, we deeply discuss myiasis as a worldwide infestation with different agents and with its broad scenario of clinical manifestations as well as diagnosis techniques and treatment.
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Sreejith RS, Reddy AK, Ganeshpuri SS, Garg P. Oestrus ovis ophthalmomyiasis with keratitis. Indian J Med Microbiol 2011; 28:399-402. [PMID: 20966582 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.71846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A 35-year-old male patient presented with complaints of redness, swelling around the eyelids, watering, and irritation in the right eye. At presentation his best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 partial in the right eye. The tarsal conjunctiva of the upper eyelid showed injection with pseudomembrane. Underneath the pseudomembrane we noticed four motile larvae. The cornea showed an irregular cobweb-like mucous plaque adherent to the epithelium, with a clear stroma. The pseudomembrane was easily peeled-off under topical anaesthesia. The organisms were removed and identified as Oestrus ovis. Three days later the patient was comfortable and his visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Sreejith
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Missotten GS, Kalpoe JS, Bollemeijer JG, Schalij-Delfos NE. Myiasis of the upper eyelid. J AAPOS 2008; 12:516-7. [PMID: 18595753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2008.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Myiasis rarely occurs in the eyelids. We report a 3-year-old girl with a myiasis of the upper eyelid after a trip to Central America. A 1.5 cm larva of a Dermatobia hominis was excised. Infestation with D. hominis should be suspected when a localized swelling with a central fistula in an eyelid is present in patients who have been to Central and South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy S Missotten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Cutaneous infestation by the human botfly, Dermatobia hominis, results in furuncular myiasis. This condition is endemic to the forested areas of Mexico, Central and South America. However, because of widespread travel, furuncular myiasis has become more common in North America. Misdiagnosis and mismanagement can occur owing to limited awareness of the condition outside endemic areas. To our knowledge, there is only a single report of botfly myiasis in the recent emergency medicine literature, which is surprising since the emergency department is likely to be the place many patients with this condition first seek attention. We present and discuss the case of a 50-year-old man with furuncular myiasis acquired in Belize. Parasitic infestation should be included in the differential diagnosis of a new skin lesion in patients who have travelled to endemic areas.
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Jain A, Desai RU, Ehrlich J. Fulminant orbital myiasis in the developed world. Br J Ophthalmol 2007; 91:1565-6. [PMID: 17947277 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2007.114645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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35
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Price KM, Murchison AP, Bernardino CR, Kang SJ, Grossniklaus HE. Ophthalmomyiasis externa caused by Dermatobia hominis in Florida. Br J Ophthalmol 2007; 91:695. [PMID: 17446513 PMCID: PMC1954740 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2006.100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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36
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ivermectin was first discovered and used in veterinary medicine over 20 years ago. This review highlights some of the recent published research from 2005 through June 2006 on the use of ivermectin in both helminth and arthropod infection. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, several published studies have detailed the expanding role for ivermectin in multiple endo and ectoparasitic infections, including scabies, pediculosis, soil transmitted helminths, gnathostomiasis and myiasis. In addition, there is increasing experience with parenteral ivermectin for the treatment of disseminated strongyloidiasis. The success of ivermectin in reducing Onchocerca volvulus and Wuchereria bancrofti transmission through universal treatment in disease control programs continues to be well documented, but recent epidemiologic data describe suboptimal response to ivermectin by O. volvulus in a minority of individuals, the molecular markers for which are currently under investigation. SUMMARY Over 20 years of research and clinical use have advanced ivermectin from its beginnings as a veterinary anthelmintic to its significant role in several successful disease control programs. Nevertheless, further research is needed to understand the basis for suboptimal response and to better define optimal drug regimens for varying diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Fox
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Abstract
Prion diseases are transmissible spongiform encephalopathies of humans and animals. The oral route is clearly associated with some prion diseases, according to the dissemination of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or mad cow disease) in cattle and kuru in humans. However, other prion diseases such as scrapie (in sheep) and chronic wasting disease (CWD) (in cervids) cannot be explained in this way and are probably more associated with a pattern of horizontal transmission in both domestic and wild animals. The skin and mucous membranes are a potential target for prion infections because keratinocytes and lymphocytes are susceptible to the abnormal infective isoform of the prion protein. Iatrogenic transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) was also recognized after corneal transplants in humans and scrapie was successfully transmitted to mice after ocular instillation of infected brain tissue, confirming that these new routes could also be important in prion infections. Some ectoparasites have been proven to harbour prion rods in laboratory experiments. Prion rods were identified in both fly larvae and pupae; adult flies are also able to express prion proteins. The most common causes of myiasis in cattle and sheep, closely related animals with previous prion infections, are Hypoderma bovis and Oestrus ovis, respectively. Both species of flies present a life cycle very different from human myiasis, as they have a long contact with neurological structures, such as spinal canal and epidural fat, which are potentially rich in prion rods. Ophthalmomyiases in humans is commonly caused by both species of fly larvae worldwide, providing almost direct contact with the central nervous system (CNS). The high expression of the prion protein on the skin and mucosa and the severity of the inflammatory response to the larvae could readily increase the efficiency of transmission of prions in both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Lupi
- Department of Medical Clinics (Dermatology), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro and Dermatology Section, Instituto de Dermatologia Prof. Rubem Azulay, Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil.
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Wakamatsu TH, Pierre-Filho PTP. Ophthalmomyiasis externa caused by Dermatobia hominis: a successful treatment with oral ivermectin. Eye (Lond) 2005; 20:1088-90. [PMID: 16244643 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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