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Soni, Walke V, Joshi D, Sharma T, Shrivastava A, Agrawal A. The spectrum of microvascular patterns in adult diffuse glioma and their correlation with tumor grade. J Pathol Transl Med 2024; 58:127-133. [PMID: 38766738 PMCID: PMC11106609 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2024.03.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary brain tumors constitute the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Among them, adult diffuse gliomas are the most common type, affecting the cerebral hemispheres and displaying a diffuse infiltrative pattern of growth in the surrounding neuropil that accounts for about 80% of all primary intracranial tumors. The hallmark feature of gliomas is blood vessel proliferation, which plays an important role in tumor growth, tumor biological behavior, and disease outcome. High-grade gliomas exhibit increased vascularity, the worst prognosis, and lower survival rates. Several angiogenic receptors and factors are upregulated in glioblastomas and stimulate angiogenesis signaling pathways by means of activating oncogenes and/or down-regulating tumor-suppressor genes. Existing literature has emphasized that different microvascular patterns (MVPs) are displayed in different subtypes of adult diffuse gliomas. METHODS We examined the distribution and biological characteristics of different MVPs in 50 patients with adult diffuse gliomas. Haematoxylin and eosin staining results, along with periodic acid-Schiff and CD34 dual-stained sections, were examined to assess the vascular patterns and correlate with different grades of diffuse glioma. RESULTS The present observational study on adult diffuse glioma evaluated tumor grade and MVPs. Microvascular sprouting was the most common pattern, while a bizarre pattern (type 2) was associated with the presence of a high-grade glioma. Vascular mimicry was observed in 6% of cases, all of which were grade 4 gliomas. CONCLUSIONS This study supplements the role of neo-angiogenesis and aberrant vasculature patterns in the grading and progression of adult diffuse gliomas, which can be future targets for planning treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni
- Departments of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Vaishali Walke
- Departments of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Deepti Joshi
- Departments of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Tanya Sharma
- Departments of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Adesh Shrivastava
- Departments of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Departments of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
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Senrung A, Tripathi T, Aggarwal N, Janjua D, Yadav J, Chaudhary A, Chhokar A, Joshi U, Bharti AC. Phytochemicals Showing Antiangiogenic Effect in Pre-clinical Models and their Potential as an Alternative to Existing Therapeutics. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:259-300. [PMID: 37867279 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266264349231016094456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from a pre-existing vascular network, is an important hallmark of several pathological conditions, such as tumor growth and metastasis, proliferative retinopathies, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and endometriosis. Putting a halt to pathology-driven angiogenesis is considered an important therapeutic strategy to slow down or reduce the severity of pathological disorders. Considering the attrition rate of synthetic antiangiogenic compounds from the lab to reaching the market due to severe side effects, several compounds of natural origin are being explored for their antiangiogenic properties. Employing pre-clinical models for the evaluation of novel antiangiogenic compounds is a promising strategy for rapid screening of antiangiogenic compounds. These studies use a spectrum of angiogenic model systems that include HUVEC two-dimensional culture, nude mice, chick chorioallantoic membrane, transgenic zebrafish, and dorsal aorta from rats and chicks, depending upon available resources. The present article emphasizes the antiangiogenic activity of the phytochemicals shown to exhibit antiangiogenic behavior in these well-defined existing angiogenic models and highlights key molecular targets. Different models help to get a quick understanding of the efficacy and therapeutics mechanism of emerging lead molecules. The inherent variability in assays and corresponding different phytochemicals tested in each study prevent their immediate utilization in clinical studies. This review will discuss phytochemicals discovered using suitable preclinical antiangiogenic models, along with a special mention of leads that have entered clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Senrung
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
- Neuropharmacology and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Nikita Aggarwal
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Divya Janjua
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Apoorva Chaudhary
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
- Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Udit Joshi
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
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Hormuth DA, Phillips CM, Wu C, Lima EABF, Lorenzo G, Jha PK, Jarrett AM, Oden JT, Yankeelov TE. Biologically-Based Mathematical Modeling of Tumor Vasculature and Angiogenesis via Time-Resolved Imaging Data. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3008. [PMID: 34208448 PMCID: PMC8234316 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated vasculature is responsible for the delivery of nutrients, removal of waste, and allowing growth beyond 2-3 mm3. Additionally, the vascular network, which is changing in both space and time, fundamentally influences tumor response to both systemic and radiation therapy. Thus, a robust understanding of vascular dynamics is necessary to accurately predict tumor growth, as well as establish optimal treatment protocols to achieve optimal tumor control. Such a goal requires the intimate integration of both theory and experiment. Quantitative and time-resolved imaging methods have emerged as technologies able to visualize and characterize tumor vascular properties before and during therapy at the tissue and cell scale. Parallel to, but separate from those developments, mathematical modeling techniques have been developed to enable in silico investigations into theoretical tumor and vascular dynamics. In particular, recent efforts have sought to integrate both theory and experiment to enable data-driven mathematical modeling. Such mathematical models are calibrated by data obtained from individual tumor-vascular systems to predict future vascular growth, delivery of systemic agents, and response to radiotherapy. In this review, we discuss experimental techniques for visualizing and quantifying vascular dynamics including magnetic resonance imaging, microfluidic devices, and confocal microscopy. We then focus on the integration of these experimental measures with biologically based mathematical models to generate testable predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Hormuth
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (C.M.P.); (C.W.); (E.A.B.F.L.); (G.L.); (P.K.J.); (J.T.O.); (T.E.Y.)
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Caleb M. Phillips
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (C.M.P.); (C.W.); (E.A.B.F.L.); (G.L.); (P.K.J.); (J.T.O.); (T.E.Y.)
| | - Chengyue Wu
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (C.M.P.); (C.W.); (E.A.B.F.L.); (G.L.); (P.K.J.); (J.T.O.); (T.E.Y.)
| | - Ernesto A. B. F. Lima
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (C.M.P.); (C.W.); (E.A.B.F.L.); (G.L.); (P.K.J.); (J.T.O.); (T.E.Y.)
- Texas Advanced Computing Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78758, USA
| | - Guillermo Lorenzo
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (C.M.P.); (C.W.); (E.A.B.F.L.); (G.L.); (P.K.J.); (J.T.O.); (T.E.Y.)
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Prashant K. Jha
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (C.M.P.); (C.W.); (E.A.B.F.L.); (G.L.); (P.K.J.); (J.T.O.); (T.E.Y.)
| | - Angela M. Jarrett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - J. Tinsley Oden
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (C.M.P.); (C.W.); (E.A.B.F.L.); (G.L.); (P.K.J.); (J.T.O.); (T.E.Y.)
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Thomas E. Yankeelov
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (C.M.P.); (C.W.); (E.A.B.F.L.); (G.L.); (P.K.J.); (J.T.O.); (T.E.Y.)
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Oncology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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18F-FAZA PET/CT in pretreatment assessment of hypoxic status in high-grade glioma: correlation with hypoxia immunohistochemical biomarkers. Nucl Med Commun 2021; 42:763-771. [PMID: 33741855 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the correlation between 18F-labeled fluoroazomycinarabinoside (18F-FAZA) PET data and hypoxia immunohistochemical markers in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG). PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospective study including 20 patients with brain MRI suggestive for HGG and undergoing 18F-FAZA PET/CT before treatment for hypoxia assessment. For each 18F-FAZA PET scan SUVmax, SUVmean and 18F-FAZA tumour volume (FTV) at 40, 50 and 60% threshold of SUVmax were calculated; hypoxic volume was estimated by applying different thresholds (1.2, 1.3 and 1.4) to tumour/blood ratio. Seventeen patients were analysed. The immunohistochemical analysis assessed the following parameters: hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX), glucose transporter-1, tumour vascularity and Ki-67. RESULTS 18F-FAZA PET showed a single lesion in 15/17 patients and multiple lesions in 2/17 patients. Twelve/17 patients had grade IV glioma and 5/17 with grade III glioma. Bioptic and surgical samples have been analysed separately. In the surgical subgroup (n = 7) a positive correlation was observed between CA-IX and SUVmax (P = 0.0002), SUVmean40 (P = 0.0058), SUVmean50 (P = 0.009), SUVmean60 (P = 0.0153), FTV-40-50-60 (P = 0.0424) and hypoxic volume1.2-1.3-1.4 (P = 0.0058). In the bioptic group (n = 10) tumour vascularisation was inversely correlated with SUVmax (P = 0.0094), SUVmean40 (P = 0.0107), SUVmean50 (P = 0.0094) and SUVmean60 (P = 0.0154). CONCLUSIONS The correlation of 18F-FAZA PET parameters with CD31 and CA-IX represents a reliable method for assessing tumour hypoxia in HGG. The inverse correlation between tumour vascularisation, SUVmax and SUVmean suggest that highly vascularized tumours might present more oxygen supply than hypoxia.
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Peng S, Ding H, Fu T, Wang B, Wang W, Zhou J. Savitzky-Golay filter based contrast-enhanced ultrasound quantification in hepatic tumors: Methodology and its correlation with tumor angiogenesis. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2019; 73:271-282. [PMID: 30103307 DOI: 10.3233/ch-180432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Peng
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Present address: Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Cheng Du, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Fu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Bengang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinzhu Zhou
- Medical Imaging College, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Krishnapriya S, Malipatil B, Surekha S, Sundersingh S, Sridevi V, Ananthi B, Selvaluxmy G, Ganesan TS. Microvessel Density (MVD) in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1537-1545. [PMID: 31128060 PMCID: PMC6857865 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.5.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate microvessel density (MVD) by expression of CD31 and
CLEC14A in core biopsies from previously untreated patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) and assess
its prognostic significance. Methods: MVD was evaluated in core needle biopsies (n = 92), collected prior to any
treatment, from patients who were diagnosed with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). Immunohistochemistry for
expression of CD31 and CLEC14A were performed on these tumours. The median duration of follow-up was 9.3 years.
The effect of prognostic factors on disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed using a Log rank
test and Cox regression model. Results: The clinical factors such as age, clinical nodal stage, stage and pathological
nodal status were found to be significant in predicting overall survival by multivariate analysis (P<0.05). Out of 92, 52
tumours had blood vessels expressing CD31, whereas in the remainder, there was no expression. The mean and median
MVD of CD31 in 92 tumours was 38 and 5.5 respectively, and it was not a significant factor for predicting disease free
survival or overall survival. When we considered the tumours (n=52) which expressed CD31, patients who had very
high MVD (>100), had inferior progression free survival and overall survival (P=0.5). There was no expression of
CLEC14A in any of the core needle biopsies whereas it was expressed in specimens from mastectomy from the same
patient. Conclusion: This is the first report of MVD in LABC prior to any treatment. The results suggest angiogenesis
could be a prognostic factor in LABC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syama Krishnapriya
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, India.
| | - Basawantrao Malipatil
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, India.
| | - Suresh Surekha
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, India.
| | - Shirley Sundersingh
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, India
| | - Velusamy Sridevi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, India
| | - Balasubramanian Ananthi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, India
| | - Ganesarajah Selvaluxmy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, India
| | - Trivadi S Ganesan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, India.
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Ali EM, Sheta M, El Mohsen MA. Elevated serum and tissue VEGF associated with poor outcome in breast cancer patients. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Enas Mohamed Ali
- Cancer Management and Research Department, Alexandria University , Egypt
| | - Manal Sheta
- Pathology Department, Alexandria University , Egypt
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Hwang SY, Park S, Kwon Y. Recent therapeutic trends and promising targets in triple negative breast cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 199:30-57. [PMID: 30825473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for 25% of all types of cancer in women, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises around 15~20% of breast cancers. Conventional chemotherapy and radiation are the primary systemic therapeutic strategies; no other FDA-approved targeted therapies are yet available as for TNBC. TNBC is generally characterized by a poor prognosis and high rates of proliferation and metastases. Due to these aggressive features and lack of targeted therapies, numerous attempts have been made to discover viable molecular targets for TNBC. Massive cohort studies, clinical trials, and in-depth analyses have revealed diverse molecular alterations in TNBC; however, controversy exists as to whether many of these changes are beneficial or detrimental in caner progression. Here we review the complicated tumorigenic processes and discuss critical findings and therapeutic trends in TNBC with a focus on promising therapeutic approaches, the clinical trials currently underway, and potent experimental compounds under preclinical and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seojeong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Horger M, Fallier-Becker P, Thaiss WM, Sauter A, Bösmüller H, Martella M, Preibsch H, Fritz J, Nikolaou K, Kloth C. Is There a Direct Correlation Between Microvascular Wall Structure and k-Trans Values Obtained From Perfusion CT Measurements in Lymphomas? Acad Radiol 2019; 26:247-256. [PMID: 29731419 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to test the hypothesis that ultrastructural wall abnormalities of lymphoma vessels correlate with perfusion computed tomography (PCT) kinetics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our local institutional review board approved this prospective study. Between February 2013 and June 2016, we included 23 consecutive subjects with newly diagnosed lymphoma, who were referred for computed tomography-guided biopsy (6 women, 17 men; mean age, 60.61 ± 12.43 years; range, 28-74 years) and additionally agreed to undergo PCT of the target lymphoma tissues. PCT was obtained for 40 seconds using 80 kV, 120 mAs, 64 × 0.6-mm collimation, 6.9-cm z-axis coverage, and 26 volume measurements. Mean and maximum k-trans (mL/100 mL/min), blood flow (BF; mL/100 mL/min) and blood volume (BV) were quantified using the deconvolution and the maximum slope + Patlak calculation models. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for microvessel density quantification (vessels/m2), and electron microscopy was used to determine the presence or absence of tight junctions, endothelial fenestration, basement membrane, and pericytes, and to measure extracellular matrix thickness. RESULTS Extracellular matrix thickness as well as the presence or absence of tight junctions, basal lamina, and pericytes did not correlate with computed tomography perfusion parameters. Endothelial fenestrations correlated significantly with mean BFdeconvolution (P = .047, r = 0.418) and additionally was significantly associated with higher mean BVdeconvolution (P < .005). Mean k-transPatlak correlated strongly with mean k-transdeconvolution (r = 0.939, P = .001), and both correlated with mean BFdeconvolution (P = .001, r = 0.748), max BFdeconvolution (P = .028, r = 0.564), mean BVdeconvolution (P = .001, r = 0.752), and max BVdeconvolution (P = .001, r = 0.771). Microvessel density correlated with max k-transdeconvolution (r = 0.564, P = .023). Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 expression (receptor specific for lymphatics) correlated significantly with max k-transPatlak (P = .041, r = 0.686) and mean BFdeconvolution (P = .038, r = 0.695). CONCLUSION k-Trans values of PCT do not correlate with ultrastructural microvessel features, whereas endothelial fenestrations correlate with increased intra-tumoral BVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Horger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang M Thaiss
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Sauter
- Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Bösmüller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Martella
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heike Preibsch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Fritz
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Konstantin Nikolaou
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Kloth
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Homeyer A, Hammad S, Schwen LO, Dahmen U, Höfener H, Gao Y, Dooley S, Schenk A. Focused scores enable reliable discrimination of small differences in steatosis. Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:76. [PMID: 30231920 PMCID: PMC6146776 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Automated image analysis enables quantitative measurement of steatosis in histological images. However, spatial heterogeneity of steatosis can make quantitative steatosis scores unreliable. To improve the reliability, we have developed novel scores that are “focused” on steatotic tissue areas. Methods Focused scores use concepts of tile-based hotspot analysis in order to compute statistics about steatotic tissue areas in an objective way. We evaluated focused scores on three data sets of images of rodent liver sections exhibiting different amounts of dietary-induced steatosis. The same evaluation was conducted with the standard steatosis score computed by most image analysis methods. Results The standard score reliably discriminated large differences in steatosis (intraclass correlation coefficient ICC = 0.86), but failed to discriminate small (ICC = 0.54) and very small (ICC = 0.14) differences. With an appropriate tile size, mean-based focused scores reliably discriminated large (ICC = 0.92), small (ICC = 0.86) and very small (ICC = 0.83) differences. Focused scores based on high percentiles showed promise in further improving the discrimination of very small differences (ICC = 0.93). Conclusions Focused scores enable reliable discrimination of small differences in steatosis in histological images. They are conceptually simple and straightforward to use in research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Homeyer
- Fraunhofer MEVIS, Am Fallturm 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Seddik Hammad
- Section Molecular Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | | | - Uta Dahmen
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Yan Gao
- Section Molecular Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Steven Dooley
- Section Molecular Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andrea Schenk
- Fraunhofer MEVIS, Am Fallturm 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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11
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Sowa P, Goroszkiewicz K, Szydelko J, Chechlinska J, Pluta K, Domka W, Misiolek M, Scierski W. A Review of Selected Factors of Salivary Gland Tumour Formation and Malignant Transformation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2897827. [PMID: 30155477 PMCID: PMC6092996 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2897827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salivary gland tumours represent about 6% of head and neck neoplasms and about 0.5% of all malignancies in humans. Tumour growth and malignant transformation are complex processes involving various actions of molecules. Furthermore, some malignant salivary gland tumours are deemed to be caused by dedifferentiation or malignant transformation of benign tumours. The mechanisms of this transformation depend on a variety of different elements, such as cell cycle regulators, oncogenes, proteins, angiogenesis factors, and adipocytokines. The authors used PubMed, Medline, and Google websites to find and review the most significant papers related to malignant transformation in benign salivary gland tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Sowa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Karolina Goroszkiewicz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Szydelko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Chechlinska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pluta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Domka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Maciej Misiolek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Scierski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Szafarowski T, Sierdzinski J, Szczepanski MJ, Whiteside TL, Ludwig N, Krzeski A. Microvessel density in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 275:1845-1851. [PMID: 29748768 PMCID: PMC5992238 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-018-4996-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Microvessel density (MVD) corresponds to the intensity of neo-angiogenesis. MVD assessments are based on the expression levels of the vascular endothelium markers such as, e.g., CD34 or CD105. The goal of this study was to assess MVD among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and to evaluate the predictive value of MVD in head and neck cancers. Methods The study included 49 patients treated for HNSCC and 11 patients with dysplasia of the upper respiratory tract epithelium. Control tissues consisted of 12 normal mucous membranes of the throat. Expression levels of MVD markers were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using tissue microarrays (TMA). Clinicopathological factors and patients’ survival over the 5-year follow-up period were analyzed. Results The MVD/CD34 values were found to be significantly elevated in the HNSCCs compared to the non-malignant control tissues (p = 0.001) and to dysplastic tissues. (p = 0.02). Significantly higher MVD/CD105 values were also seen in the tumor compared to the control tissues (p = 0.001) or the dysplastic tissues (p = 0.001). Unexpectedly, significantly lower MVD/CD34 values were seen in the tumor tissues of patients with the T3–T4 tumors compared to those with T1–T2 tumors (p = 0.01). Conclusions HNSCCs have statistically higher MVD values compared to dysplasia of the upper respiratory tract epithelium. However, the MVD/CD34 values did not correlate with local invasiveness (the T feature) of HNSCCs. This counterintuitive observation suggests that assessments of MVD as performed on TMA by IHC using anti-CD34 or anti-CD105 antibodies considered to be specific for endothelial cell markers might underestimate the extent of the tumor vascularity in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Szafarowski
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Czerniakowski Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 19/25 Stępińska Str., 00-739, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Sierdzinski
- Department of Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw J Szczepanski
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland. .,Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Theresa L Whiteside
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Departments of Immunology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Nils Ludwig
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Antoni Krzeski
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Czerniakowski Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 19/25 Stępińska Str., 00-739, Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Krediet JT, Kanitakis J, Bob A, Schmitter J, Krediet AC, Röwert J, Stockfleth E, Painsi C, Hügel R, Terhorst D, Lange-Asschenfeldt B. Prognostic value of the area and density of lymphatic vessels in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018; 14:1114-1121. [PMID: 27879093 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is known for its capacity to metastasize via lymphatic vessels. In recent studies, the level of lymphangiogenesis has been reported as a potential prognostic factor for several skin tumors. The aim of this study was to quantify lymphangiogenesis in SCC using either computer-assisted image analysis or the Chalkley count technique. Vascular parameters were evaluated and compared with respect to their predictive power for tumor metastasis. PATIENT AND METHODS In this case-control study, clinical and histological data of 15 metastatic and 15 nonmetastatic SCC patients were retrospectively analyzed. SCC samples were immunostained for the lymphatic endothelial marker D2-40 and the panvascular marker CD31, and analyzed using computer-assisted morphometric image analyses within hot spots as well as the digitalized Chalkley counting method. RESULTS Lymphatic vessel density, relative lymphatic vessel area, and lymphatic Chalkley count were significantly elevated in metastatic SCC. Tumor thickness was significantly higher in metastatic SCC, and had the highest predictive power for metastatic disease. Tumor thickness was a significant predictor of lymphangiogenic parameters. CONCLUSIONS Lymphangiogenesis is elevated in metastatic SCC but its extent is influenced by tumor thickness. Tumor thickness remains the most reliable predictive factor for metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorien Tannette Krediet
- Skin Cancer Center Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean Kanitakis
- Department of Dermatology, Ed. Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Adrienne Bob
- Skin Cancer Center Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Schmitter
- Skin Cancer Center Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annelot Carine Krediet
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Röwert
- Skin Cancer Center Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eggert Stockfleth
- Skin Cancer Center Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens Painsi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, State Hospital Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Rainer Hügel
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, State Hospital Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Dorothea Terhorst
- Skin Cancer Center Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lange-Asschenfeldt
- Skin Cancer Center Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, State Hospital Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
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Mohd Nafi SN, Idris F, Jaafar H. Cellular and Molecular Changes in MNU-Induced Breast Tumours Injected with PF4 or bFGF. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:3231-3238. [PMID: 29281877 PMCID: PMC5980876 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.12.3231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiogenic activity has been considered to reflect important molecular events during breast tumour
development. The present study concerned cellular and molecular changes of MNU-induced breast tumours subjected
to promotion and suppression of angiogenesis. Methods: Female Sprague Dawley rats at the age of 21 days received
MNU at the dose 70 mg/kg of body weight by intraperitoneal injection. Three months post-carcinogen initiation,
mammary tumours were palpated and their growth was monitored. When the tumour diameter reached 1.0 ± 0.05 cm,
rats were given bFGF or PF4 intratumourally at a dose of 10 μg/tumour. Entire palpable tumour were subsequently
excised and subjected to histology examination, IHC staining, and RT-PCR. Results: No critical morphological changes
were observed between pro-angiogenic factor, bFGF, and control groups. However, increase of tumour size with more
necrotic and diffuse areas was notable in tumours after anti-angiogenic PF4 intervention. ER and PR mRNA expression
was significantly up- and down-regulated in bFGF and PF4 groups, respectively. The trends were significantly associated
with peri- and intratumoural MVD counts. However, irrespective of whether we promoted or inhibited angiogenesis,
the expression of EGFR and ERBB2 continued to be significantly increased but this was not significantly associated
with the MVD score. No significant differences in E-cadherin and LR gene expression were noted between intervention
and control groups. Conclusion: ER and PR receptor expression shows consistent responses when tumour angiogenesis
is manipulated either positively or negatively. Our study adds to current understanding that not only do we need to
target hormonal receptors, as presently practiced, but we also need to target endothelial receptors to successfully treat
breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Norasikin Mohd Nafi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Kakasheva-Mazhenkovska L, Basheska N, Crvenkova S, Gordana P, Milenkova L, Janevska V, Serafimoski V. Correlation Between Microvessel Density and Morphological Features in Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 38:63-73. [PMID: 28593886 DOI: 10.1515/prilozi-2017-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormal angiogenesis is described in tumor growth and it facilitates its metastatic spread. Tumors with high angiogenic activity belong to the category of aggressive tumors with poor prognosis for patients. The aim of this study was to determine the blood vessels density (BVD), i.e. neovascularization at the tumor invasive front in skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in order to determine its possible role in the tumor progression, and to correlate it to the blood vessels density of healthy skin and with the prognostic parameters of the TNM classification: T status, depth of tumor invasion (DI) and tumor histological grade (G), which were also correlated between each other. MATERIAL AND METHODS The material consisted of surgical specimens obtained from 30 patients with skin SCC, who underwent surgery. Tissue samples were routinely processed by standard paraffin technique stained by Hematoxilin-Eosin and immunohistochemically with antibodies against smooth muscle actin (SMA) and CD34. The BVD in the invasive front of the neoplasms was correlated to the healthy skin, tumor status (pT), depth of invasion and grade of histological differentiation (pG). RESULTS The histological analysis has shown a high statistical difference in the density of blood vessels in SCC compared to the healthy skin and statistical difference in BVD in neoplasms with different depth of invasion and different grade of differentiation. The density of neovascularzation increased with the deeper invasion and the worse differentiation. CONCLUSION The increased vascularization at the invasive front of SCC with deeper invasion and worse differentiation has pointed out to its possible role in neoplasm progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Kakasheva-Mazhenkovska
- Institute of Medical, Experimental and Applied Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, "Ss. Cyril and Methodius" University, Skopje
| | - Neli Basheska
- Department of Histopathology and Clinical Cytology, University Clinic of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, "Ss. Cyril and Methodius" University, Skopje
| | - Simonida Crvenkova
- University Clinic of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, "Ss. Cyril and Methodius" University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, Institute for radiotherapy and oncology, Skopje
| | - Petrushevska Gordana
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, "Ss. Cyril and Methodius" University, Skopje
| | - Liljana Milenkova
- Institute of Medical, Experimental and Applied Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, "Ss. Cyril and Methodius" University, Skopje
| | - Vesna Janevska
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, "Ss. Cyril and Methodius" University, Skopje
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Krediet JT, Kanitakis J, Bob A, Schmitter J, Carine Krediet A, Röwert J, Stockfleth E, Painsi C, Hügel R, Terhorst D, Lange‐Asschenfeldt B. Prognostischer Wert der Fläche und Dichte von Lymphgefäßen bei kutanem Plattenepithelkarzinom. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016; 14:1116-1124. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12880_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorien Tannette Krediet
- Skin Cancer Center Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité‐Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Hauttumorcentrum Charité, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland)
| | - Jean Kanitakis
- Department of Dermatology, Ed. Herriot Hospital, Lyon, Frankreich
| | - Adrienne Bob
- Skin Cancer Center Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité‐Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Hauttumorcentrum Charité, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland)
| | - Julia Schmitter
- Skin Cancer Center Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité‐Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Hauttumorcentrum Charité, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland)
| | | | - Joachim Röwert
- Skin Cancer Center Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité‐Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Hauttumorcentrum Charité, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland)
| | - Eggert Stockfleth
- Skin Cancer Center Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité‐Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Hauttumorcentrum Charité, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland)
| | - Clemens Painsi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, State Hospital Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria (Abteilung für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Klinikum Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Österreich)
| | - Rainer Hügel
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, State Hospital Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria (Abteilung für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Klinikum Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Österreich)
| | - Dorothea Terhorst
- Skin Cancer Center Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité‐Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Hauttumorcentrum Charité, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland)
| | - Bernhard Lange‐Asschenfeldt
- Skin Cancer Center Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité‐Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Hauttumorcentrum Charité, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland)
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, State Hospital Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria (Abteilung für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Klinikum Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Österreich)
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17
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Marien KM, Croons V, Waumans Y, Sluydts E, De Schepper S, Andries L, Waelput W, Fransen E, Vermeulen PB, Kockx MM, De Meyer GRY. Development and Validation of a Histological Method to Measure Microvessel Density in Whole-Slide Images of Cancer Tissue. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161496. [PMID: 27583442 PMCID: PMC5008750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite all efforts made to develop predictive biomarkers for antiangiogenic therapies, no unambiguous markers have been identified so far. This is due to among others the lack of standardized tests. This study presents an improved microvessel density quantification method in tumor tissue based on stereological principles and using whole-slide images. Vessels in tissue sections of different cancer types were stained for CD31 by an automated and validated immunohistochemical staining method. The stained slides were digitized with a digital slide scanner. Systematic, uniform, random sampling of the regions of interest on the whole-slide images was performed semi-automatically with the previously published applications AutoTag and AutoSnap. Subsequently, an unbiased counting grid was combined with the images generated with these scripts. Up to six independent observers counted microvessels in up to four cancer types: colorectal carcinoma, glioblastoma multiforme, ovarian carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. At first, inter-observer variability was found to be unacceptable. However, after a series of consensus training sessions and interim statistical analysis, counting rules were modified and inter-observer concordance improved considerably. Every CD31-positive object was counted, with exclusion of suspected CD31-positive monocytes, macrophages and tumor cells. Furthermore, if interconnected, stained objects were considered a single vessel. Ten regions of interest were sufficient for accurate microvessel density measurements. Intra-observer and inter-observer variability were low (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.7) if the observers were adequately trained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen M. Marien
- Division of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- HistoGeneX NV, Antwerp, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wim Waelput
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brussels (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erik Fransen
- StatUa Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter B. Vermeulen
- CORE (Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Krishna Priya S, Kumar K, Hiran KR, Bindhu MR, Nagare RP, Vijaykumar DK, Ganesan TS. Expression of a novel endothelial marker, C-type lectin 14A, in epithelial ovarian cancer and its prognostic significance. Int J Clin Oncol 2016; 22:107-117. [PMID: 27567920 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-016-1033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate microvessel density (MVD) as assessed by C-type lectin 14A (CLEC14A), which is a new marker for endothelial cells, and compare its expression to CD31 and CD105 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS MVD was evaluated in tumors (n = 50) from patients with EOC who underwent primary surgery and in patients with EOC who received preoperative chemotherapy (n = 49) using immunohistochemistry with antibodies to CLEC14A, CD31 and CD105. The median duration of follow-up was 24.5 months (range 1-101 months). The effect of prognostic factors on event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed using the Cox regression model. RESULTS The amount of residual disease was found to be an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis with respect to EFS (P = 0.009) and OS (P < 0.001). The mean MVD of CLEC14A (MVD = 6), in tumors from patients who underwent primary surgery, was significantly lower than that of CD31 (MVD = 25, P < 0.0001) and CD105 (MVD = 11, P = 0.018). However, there was no significant correlation between MVD as detected by these markers and clinical outcome. There was no expression of CLEC14A in tumors from patients who received preoperative chemotherapy and the MVD of CD31 and CD105 was significantly reduced (P = 0.001 and 0.006, respectively) in this set of patients. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates MVD as detected by CLEC14A in EOC. Treatment with chemotherapy reduces tumor blood vessels significantly. We suggest that CLEC14A may be a more specific endothelial marker to assess tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishna Priya
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| | - Kishore Kumar
- Medical Oncology, Command Hospital (CC), Lucknow Cantt., Lucknow, UP, 226002, India
| | - K R Hiran
- Department of Histopathology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - M R Bindhu
- Department of Histopathology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Rohit P Nagare
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| | - D K Vijaykumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - T S Ganesan
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India.
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Ragab HM, Shaaban HM, Maksoud NAE, Radwan SM, Elaziz WA, Hafez NH. Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Protein in Both Serum Samples and Excised Tumor Tissues of Breast Carcinoma Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijcr.2016.152.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Krishna Priya S, Nagare RP, Sneha VS, Sidhanth C, Bindhya S, Manasa P, Ganesan TS. Tumour angiogenesis-Origin of blood vessels. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:729-35. [PMID: 26934471 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The conventional view of tumour vascularization is that tumours acquire their blood supply from neighbouring normal stroma. Additional methods of tumour vascularization such as intussusceptive angiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry, vessel co-option and vasculogenesis have been demonstrated to occur. However, the origin of the endothelial cells and pericytes in the tumour vasculature is not fully understood. Their origin from malignant cells has been shown indirectly in lymphoma and neuroblastoma by immuno-FISH experiments. It is now evident that tumours arise from a small population of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumour initiating cells. Recent data suggest that a proportion of tumour endothelial cells arise from cancer stem cells in glioblastoma. This was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. The analysis of chromosomal abnormalities in endothelial cells showed identical genetic changes to those identified in tumour cells. However, another report contradicted these results from the earlier studies in glioblastoma and had shown that CSCs give rise to pericytes and not endothelial cells. The main thrust of this review is the critical analysis of the conflicting data from different studies and the remaining questions in this field of research. The mechanism by which this phenomenon occurs is also discussed in detail. The transdifferentiation of CSCs to endothelial cells/pericytes has many implications in the progression and metastasis of the tumours and hence it would be a novel target for antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishna Priya
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R P Nagare
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V S Sneha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Sidhanth
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Bindhya
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Manasa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T S Ganesan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Andisheh-Tadbir A, Mardani M, Pourshahidi S, Nezarati K, Bahadori P. Prognostic value of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its association with angiogenesis. J Clin Exp Dent 2016; 8:e130-5. [PMID: 27034751 PMCID: PMC4808306 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breakdown of extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the important hallmarks of cancer progression which facilitates the invasion of tumoral cells to the surrounding tissue. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can degrade various components of the ECM and basement membrane. The aim of this study was to determine the role of matrix metalloproteinases-9 protein in the biologic behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its relation with tumor angiogenesis. Material and Methods In this study 42 OSCC and 15 normal epithelium were reviewed by immunohistochemical staining for matrix metalloproteinases-9 and CD105. Results Matrix metalloproteinases-9 expression was detected in 32 OSCC specimens (76.1%), with 28 specimens (66.6%) showing moderate or strong expression. We observed that the expression level of matrix metalloproteinases-9 was positively correlated with the status of lymph node metastasis (N0vs. N1) (P =0.00), and clinical stage (I-II vs. III-IV) in OSCC patients. Microvessel density in intratumoral tissue has an association with lymph node metastasis and advanced clinical stage (P=0.003 and p=0.01, respectively). We observed that tumors with matrix metalloproteinases-9 overexpression had a higher microvessel density counts compared with tumors with absent or focal immunostaining(16.2±5.6 vs 10.3±3.5 respectively, P =0.03). Conclusions In conclusion present results demonstrate the marked expression of matrix metalloproteinases-9 and CD105 in OSCC and suggest that the expression of these markers is associated with tumor progression and could offer additional information about the aggressiveness of OSCC. In addition a significant relationship was noted between microvessel density count and expression of matrix metalloproteinases-9 which suggest that MMP9 expression may be closely related to tumor angiogenesis. Key words:Matrix metalloproteinases-9, CD105, squamous cell carcinoma, immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Andisheh-Tadbir
- Associate Professor, Prevention of Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mardani
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Pourshahidi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Nezarati
- Undergraduate Student, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa Bahadori
- Undergraduate Student, School of Dentistry, International Branch, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Tanio S, Okamoto A, Majbauddin A, Sonoda M, Kodani I, Doi R, Ryoke K. Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia associated with hemangioma of the mandible: A rare case report. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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p53 immunoexpression in stepwise progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and correlation with angiogenesis and cellular proliferation. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:782-8. [PMID: 26296918 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multistep carcinogenesis involves loss of function of tumor suppressor proteins such as p53 and induction of angiogenesis. Such mechanisms contribute to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma progression and may be interconnected. We aimed to explore p53 immunoexpression in spectral stages of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and correlate expression to both neovascularization and cellular proliferation. We estimated the percentages of immunostained cells for p53 and Ki67 (proliferation marker) in three groups: 23 solar keratoses, 28 superficially invasive squamous cell carcinomas and 28 invasive squamous cell carcinomas. The Chalkley method was used to quantify the microvascular area by neoangiogenesis (CD105) immunomarker in each group. There was no significant difference for rate of p53- and Ki67-positive cells between groups. Significant positive correlation was found between the CD105 microvascular area and the rate of p53 positive cells in superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma as well as between the rate of p53- and Ki67-positive cells in invasive squamous cell carcinoma. p53 and Ki67 immunoexpression did not increase with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma progression. Neovascularization in the initial stage of invasion and proliferative activity in the frankly invasive stage were both associated with p53 immunoexpression. Loss of p53 tumor suppressor function through progressive steps may be directly involved in skin carcinogenesis.
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Cumsille P, Coronel A, Conca C, Quiñinao C, Escudero C. Proposal of a hybrid approach for tumor progression and tumor-induced angiogenesis. Theor Biol Med Model 2015; 12:13. [PMID: 26133367 PMCID: PMC4509478 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-015-0009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main challenges in cancer modelling is to improve the knowledge of tumor progression in areas related to tumor growth, tumor-induced angiogenesis and targeted therapies efficacy. For this purpose, incorporate the expertise from applied mathematicians, biologists and physicians is highly desirable. Despite the existence of a very wide range of models, involving many stages in cancer progression, few models have been proposed to take into account all relevant processes in tumor progression, in particular the effect of systemic treatments and angiogenesis. Composite biological experiments, both in vitro and in vivo, in addition with mathematical modelling can provide a better understanding of theses aspects. In this work we proposed that a rational experimental design associated with mathematical modelling could provide new insights into cancer progression. To accomplish this task, we reviewed mathematical models and cancer biology literature, describing in detail the basic principles of mathematical modelling. We also analyze how experimental data regarding tumor cells proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro may fit with mathematical modelling in order to reconstruct in vivo tumor evolution. Additionally, we explained the mathematical methodology in a comprehensible way in order to facilitate its future use by the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Cumsille
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, Av. Andrés Bello s/n, Casilla 447 Chillán, Chile.
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Chile, Beaucheff 851, Santiago, Chile.
- Group of Applied Mathematics (GMA), Chillán, Chile.
- Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (GIANT), Chillán, Chile.
| | - Aníbal Coronel
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, Av. Andrés Bello s/n, Casilla 447 Chillán, Chile.
- Group of Applied Mathematics (GMA), Chillán, Chile.
| | - Carlos Conca
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Chile, Beaucheff 851, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Mathematical Engineering (DIM) and Center for Mathematical Modelling (CMM), University of Chile, (UMI CNRS 2807), Beaucheff 851, Correo 3 Santiago, P.O. Box 170-3, Chile.
| | - Cristóbal Quiñinao
- Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, Université Pierre et Marie Curie and Mathematical Neuroscience Team, CIRB, Collège de France, (UMR CNRS 7598), 4 place de Jussieu, Paris, F-75005, France.
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, Av. Andrés Bello s/n, Casilla 447 Chillán, Chile.
- Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (GIANT), Chillán, Chile.
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillán, Chile.
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Marien KM, Andries L, De Schepper S, Kockx MM, De Meyer GRY. AutoTag and AutoSnap: Standardized, semi-automatic capture of regions of interest from whole slide images. MethodsX 2015; 2:272-7. [PMID: 26150998 PMCID: PMC4487922 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is measured by counting microvessels in tissue sections at high power magnification as a potential prognostic or predictive biomarker. Until now, regions of interest (ROIs) were selected by manual operations within a tumor by using a systematic uniform random sampling (SURS) approach. Although SURS is the most reliable sampling method, it implies a high workload. However, SURS can be semi-automated and in this way contribute to the development of a validated quantification method for microvessel counting in the clinical setting. Here, we report a method to use semi-automated SURS for microvessel counting: •Whole slide imaging with Pannoramic SCAN (3DHISTECH)•Computer-assisted sampling in Pannoramic Viewer (3DHISTECH) extended by two self-written AutoHotkey applications (AutoTag and AutoSnap)•The use of digital grids in Photoshop(®) and Bridge(®) (Adobe Systems) This rapid procedure allows traceability essential for high throughput protein analysis of immunohistochemically stained tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen M Marien
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium ; HistoGeneX NV, ZNA Middelheim Campus, Lindendreef 1, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Andries
- HistoGeneX NV, ZNA Middelheim Campus, Lindendreef 1, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Mark M Kockx
- HistoGeneX NV, ZNA Middelheim Campus, Lindendreef 1, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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26
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Li W, Liang RR, Zhou C, Wu MY, Lian L, Yuan GF, Wang MY, Xie X, Shou LM, Gong FR, Chen K, Duan WM, Tao M. The association between expressions of Ras and CD68 in the angiogenesis of breast cancers. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:17. [PMID: 25685069 PMCID: PMC4326448 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Angiogenesis is a critical step of breast cancer metastasis. Oncogenic Ras promotes the remodeling of cancer microenviroment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a prominent inflammatory cell population emerging in the microenviroment and facilitating the angiogenesis and metastasis. In the present study, we tried to investigate the relationship between the expression of Ras and infiltration of TAM, both of which could further promote angiogenesis. Methods Expressions of Ras, CD68 and CD34 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The infiltration of macrophages was evaluated by counting the number of CD68+ cells. Vessel endothelial cells were defined as CD34+ cells. Angiogenesis vascularity was defined by microvessel density (MVD) assay through counting the number of vessels per field counted in the area of highest vascular density. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the overall survival (OS). Macrophages were derived from monocytes in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating-factor (MCSF). Breast cancer cells were treated with macrophage-conditioned medium (MCM) and tested the expressions of K-, H- and N-Ras by using realtime-PCR. Results Ras positive status was correlated with ER, PR and Her-2 positivity, larger tumour size and lymph node metastasis, as well as higher TNM stages. A higher number of CD68+ cells was correlated with larger tumour size, higher TNM stages and Her-2 positivity. Both Ras positivity and infiltration of CD68+ macrophages correlated with poor OS. The number of CD68+ cells was positively correlated with the expression of Ras. Treatment with MCM did not up-regulate but repressed the expression of Ras. Both up-regulation of Ras and infiltration of TAMs correlated with increased MVD. Conclusion Expression of Ras and infiltration of TAM were positively correlated, and both participated in angiogenesis. Elevated Ras could be responsible for the infiltration of TAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Rui Liang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yao Wu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Lian
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215131 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Feng Yuan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Sihong People's Hospital, Sihong, 223900 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yun Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital, Gaochun, 211300 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221006 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
| | - Liu-Mei Shou
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, the first Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Ran Gong
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ming Duan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
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Bharti JN, Rani P, Kamal V, Agarwal PN. Angiogenesis in Breast Cancer and its Correlation with Estrogen, Progesterone Receptors and other Prognostic Factors. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:EC05-7. [PMID: 25737993 PMCID: PMC4347084 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/10591.5447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of study is to evaluate angiogenesis using CD34, in estrogen, progesterone positive and negative breastcancer and to correlate the microvessel density with known histological prognostic factors, morphological type of breast carcinoma and lymph node metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty eight untreated cases of breast cancer were included in the study and paraffin embedded sections were obtained from representative mastectomy specimen of breast cancer patient. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain and immunohistochemistry was performed using CD34, estrogen, progesterone, cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen antibody. Angiogenesis was analysed using CD 34 antibody. For statistical analysis, cases were grouped into estrogen, progesterone positive and negative receptors. RESULTS Mean microvessel density in ER-/PR-, ER-/ PR+, ER+/PR-, ER+/PR+ was 15.45, 14.83, 11, 10.89 respectively. A significant correlation was found between ER receptors and mean vascular density with p-value (< 0.05). A significant difference was observed in mean vascular density between the four groups comprising (p-value < 0.05). Infiltrating duct carcinoma (NOS) grade III has got the highest mean microvessel density (14.17) followed by grade II (12.93) and grade I (12.33). CONCLUSION Information about prognostic factors in breast cancer patients may lead to better ways to identify those patients at high risk who might benefit from adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Naresh Bharti
- Senior Resident, Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Rani
- Senior Resident, Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinay Kamal
- Director Professor, Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Prem Narayan Agarwal
- Director Professor & HOD, Department of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Egal E, Mariano F, Blotta M, Piña A, Montalli V, Almeida O, Altemani A. ICAM-1 expression on immune cells in chronic villitis. Placenta 2014; 35:1021-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pimentel CB, Moraes AMD, Cintra ML. Angiogenic effects of cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen on the normal skin of rats, through morphometric study. An Bras Dermatol 2014; 89:410-3. [PMID: 24937813 PMCID: PMC4056697 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryosurgery is an efficient therapeutic technique used to treat benign and
malignant cutaneous diseases. The primary active mechanism of cryosurgery is
related to vascular effects on treated tissue. After a cryosurgical
procedure, exuberant granulation tissue is formed at the injection site,
probably as a result of angiogenic stimulation of the cryogen and
inflammatory response, particularly in endothelial cells. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the angiogenic effects of freezing, as part of the phenomenon of
healing rat skin subjected to previous injury. METHODS Two incisions were made in each of the twenty rats, which were divided
randomly into two groups of ten. After 3 days, cryosurgery with liquid
nitrogen was performed in one of incisions. The rats' samples were then
collected, cut and stained to conduct histopathological examination, to
assess the local angiogenesis in differing moments and situations. RESULTS It was possible to demonstrate that cryosurgery, in spite of promoting cell
death and accentuated local inflammation soon after its application, induces
quicker cell proliferation in the affected tissue and maintenance of this
rate in a second phase, than in tissue healing without this procedure. CONCLUSIONS These findings, together with the knowledge that there is a direct
relationship between mononuclear cells and neovascularization (the
development of a rich system of new vessels in injury caused by cold),
suggest that cryosurgery possesses angiogenic stimulus, even though complete
healing takes longer to occur. The significance level for statistical tests
was 5% (p<0,05).
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30
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AngioMap is a Novel Image Analysis Algorithm for Assessment of Plasma Cell Distribution Within Bone Marrow Vascular Niche. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2014; 22:550-4. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e318294cb61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Menter DG, Patterson SL, Logsdon CD, Kopetz S, Sood AK, Hawk ET. Convergence of nanotechnology and cancer prevention: are we there yet? Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:973-92. [PMID: 25060262 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is emerging as a promising modality for cancer treatment; however, in the realm of cancer prevention, its full utility has yet to be determined. Here, we discuss the potential of integrating nanotechnology in cancer prevention to augment early diagnosis, precision targeting, and controlled release of chemopreventive agents, reduced toxicity, risk/response assessment, and personalized point-of-care monitoring. Cancer is a multistep, progressive disease; the functional and acquired characteristics of the early precancer phenotype are intrinsically different from those of a more advanced anaplastic or invasive malignancy. Therefore, applying nanotechnology to precancers is likely to be far more challenging than applying it to established disease. Frank cancers are more readily identifiable through imaging and biomarker and histopathologic assessment than their precancerous precursors. In addition, prevention subjects routinely have more rigorous intervention criteria than therapy subjects. Any nanopreventive agent developed to prevent sporadic cancers found in the general population must exhibit a very low risk of serious side effects. In contrast, a greater risk of side effects might be more acceptable in subjects at high risk for cancer. Using nanotechnology to prevent cancer is an aspirational goal, but clearly identifying the intermediate objectives and potential barriers is an essential first step in this exciting journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sherri L Patterson
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ernest T Hawk
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Paschoal JP, Bernardo V, Canedo NHS, Ribeiro OD, Caroli-Bottino A, Pannain VL. Microvascular density of regenerative nodule to small hepatocellular carcinoma by automated analysis using CD105 and CD34 immunoexpression. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:72. [PMID: 24507660 PMCID: PMC3923987 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is a proliferative process resulting in the development of new blood vessels from existing endothelial cells and is considered crucial for tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor angiogenesis can be quantified by microvascular density (MVD), which is evaluated in highly vascularized tumor areas (hot spots) by immunohistochemical assays using CD34 and CD31 pan-endothelial antibodies. More recently, CD105 has been successfully used for some tumor types because it could discriminate neovascularization. The expression of CD34 and CD105 in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and hepatic precancerous lesions has been reported—although the results for CD105 are controversial—but to the best our knowledge, CD105 has not been previously investigated in dysplastic nodules (DN). We investigated and compared MVD-CD34 and MVD-CD105 immunoexpression in tissues containing different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis, including DN. Methods A total of 31 regenerative nodules (RN), 26 DN and 25 small HCC from explants were used for immunohistochemical tests with CD34 and CD105 antibodies. Antibody expression was quantified by computerized image analysis measurement of MVD, areas containing highly positive endothelial cells within the nodules. Results The median MVD for CD34 was higher in HCC than in DN and RN (p < 0.01), and was higher in DN compared with RN (p = 0.033). In contrast, MVD with CD105 was higher in RN, and the difference was significant in RN and DN compared with HCC (p = 0.019 and p = 0.012, respectively). When MVD with CD34 and CD105 were compared within a single group, there was a significant predominance of CD105 in RN and DN (p < 0.01). In addition, MVD-C34 in HCC predominated compared with MVD-CD105, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.128). Conclusions This study identified a close relationship between CD105 and liver cirrhosis, and that CD34 antibody is a good endothelial marker for hepatic carcinogenesis. There was no difference between the use of CD105 and CD34 antibodies in preneoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vera Lucia Pannain
- Department of Pathology/University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof, Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 255, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 21941-913 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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McNamara G, Yanai A, Khankaldyyan V, Laug WE, Boden J, Webster K, Li Y, Wen R. Low magnification confocal microscopy of tumor angiogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1075:149-75. [PMID: 24052350 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-847-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels are critical to normal mammalian development, tissue repair, and growth and treatment of cancer. Mouse research models enable mechanistic studies of blood vessels. We detail how to perfuse mice with fluorescent tomato lectin or the lipophilic fluorophore DiI. We provide details on how to image fluorescently labeled blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- George McNamara
- Analytical Imaging Core, Diabetes Research Institute, Miami Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Karslioğlu Y, Yiğit N, Öngürü Ö. Chalkley method in the angiogenesis research and its automation via computer simulation. Pathol Res Pract 2013; 210:161-8. [PMID: 24359720 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a computer simulation evaluating microvessel density according to the Chalkley method on digital images taken from neovascular hot spots. An image analysis algorithm has been developed using ImageJ, an extensible, open source image processing and analysis software. The idea was to create a virtual Chalkley point array graticule, and to calculate Chalkley counts automatically by stepwise angular rotation of it on the superimposed images containing properly segmented microvessels. This eliminates the necessity of having the Chalkley graticule, an accessory that has to be mounted on the microscope's ocular. The proposed method is a faithful simulation of the original Chalkley counting procedure. It gives pathologists who do not have the Chalkley graticule an opportunity to evaluate microvessels quantitatively according to the basic principles underlying Chalkley counting. Evaluating microvessel densities in solid tumors is a frequent procedure in angiogenesis research. A few standard methods, including Chalkley counting, are used for the estimation of microvessel density. Several independent studies have shown that the Chalkley counting is more consistent and may provide useful data on prognosis. The obvious disadvantages lie in the facts that this method is time-consuming and requires a special hardware. Computer simulation may overcome these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yildirim Karslioğlu
- Department of Pathology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy and School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nuri Yiğit
- Department of Pathology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy and School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Önder Öngürü
- Department of Pathology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy and School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Mikalsen LTG, Dhakal HP, Bruland ØS, Naume B, Borgen E, Nesland JM, Olsen DR. The clinical impact of mean vessel size and solidity in breast carcinoma patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75954. [PMID: 24146798 PMCID: PMC3795733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis quantification, through vessel counting or area estimation in the most vascular part of the tumour, has been found to be of prognostic value across a range of carcinomas, breast cancer included. We have applied computer image analysis to quantify vascular properties pertaining to size, shape and spatial distributions in photographed fields of CD34 stained sections. Aided by a pilot (98 cases), seven parameters were selected and validated on a separate set from 293 breast cancer patients. Two new prognostic markers were identified through continuous cox regression with endpoints breast cancer specific survival and distant disease free survival: The average size of the vessels as measured by their perimeter (p = 0.003 and 0.004, respectively), and the average complexity of the vessel shapes measured by their solidity (p = 0.004 and 0.004). The Hazard ratios for the corresponding median-dichotomized markers were 2.28 (p = 0.005) and 1.89 (p = 0.016) for the mean perimeter and 1.80 (p = 0.041) and 1.55 (p = 0.095) for the shape complexity. The markers were associated with poor histologic type, high grade, necrosis, HR negativity, inflammation, and p53 expression (vessel size only). Both markers were found to strongly influence the prognostic properties of vascular invasion (VI) and disseminated tumour cells in the bone marrow. The latter being prognostic only in cases with large vessels (p = 0.004 and 0.043) or low complexity (p = 0.018 and 0.024), but not in the small or complex vessel groups (p>0.47). VI was significant in all groups, but showed greater hazard ratios for small and low complexity vessels (6.54-11.2) versus large and high complexity vessels (2.64-3.06). We find that not only the overall amount of produced vasculature in angiogenic hot-spots is of prognostic significance, but also the morphological appearance of the generated vessels, i.e. the size and shape of vessels in the studied hot spots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hari Prasad Dhakal
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital HF, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind S. Bruland
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Naume
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Borgen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital HF, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jahn M. Nesland
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital HF, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Rune Olsen
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Prognostic Value of Microvessel Density and p53 Expression on the Locoregional Metastasis and Survival of the Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2013; 21:444-51. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e3182773125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Soares CT, Rosa PS, Trombone APF, Fachin LRV, Ghidella CC, Ura S, Barreto JA, Belone ADFF. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in the spectrum of leprosy and its reactional forms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74651. [PMID: 24040306 PMCID: PMC3765444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are the processes of neovascularization that evolve from preexisting blood and lymphatic vessels. There are few studies on angiogenesis and none on lymphangiogenesis in leprosy. Thus, the role of neovascularization in the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease was studied across the spectrum of leprosy, its reactional states and its residual lesions. Methodology/Principal Findings Seventy-six biopsies of leprosy skin lesions and seven healthy controls were selected. Fifty-five serum samples were used for the detection of CD105 by ELISA. Histological sections were stained with antibodies against CD31 (blood and lymphatic vessels), D2-40/podoplanin (lymphatic vessels), and CD105/endoglin (neovessels). Microvessels were counted in 100 high-power fields (400x) and the number of vessels was evaluated in relation to the extension of the inflammatory infiltrate (0-3), to the bacillary index (0-6) and to the clinical forms. Angiogenesis, as marked by CD31 and CD105, was observed across the leprosy spectrum, compared with the controls. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between these markers with extension of the infiltrate (p <0.0001). For D2/40, lymphangiogenesis was observed in the tuberculoid form (p <0.0001). There was no statistical significance for values of CD105 detected in plasma by ELISA. Conclusions/Significance Angiogenesis is present across the spectrum of leprosy and in its reactional forms. The increase in the number of vessels, as detected by CD31 and CD105 staining, is related to the extension of the inflammatory infiltrate. Samples from reactional lesions have a higher number of CD31+ and CD105+ stained vessels, which indicates their involvement in the pathophysiological mechanisms of the reactional states. The regression of lesions is accompanied by the regression of neovascularization. Drugs inhibiting angiogenesis may be relevant in the treatment of leprosy, in addition to multidrugtherapy, and in the prevention of the development of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrícia Sammarco Rosa
- Division of Research and Education, Lauro de Souza Lima Institute, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cássio César Ghidella
- Ambulatory of Leprosy, Jardim Guanabara Health Center, Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Somei Ura
- Ambulatory of Leprosy, Division of Dermatology, Lauro de Souza Lima Institute, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaison Antonio Barreto
- Ambulatory of Leprosy, Division of Dermatology, Lauro de Souza Lima Institute, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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Digital microscopy assessment of angiogenesis in different breast cancer compartments. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:286902. [PMID: 24073397 PMCID: PMC3773887 DOI: 10.1155/2013/286902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim. Tumour angiogenesis defined by microvessel density (MVD) is generally accepted as a prognostic factor in breast cancer. However, due to variability of measurement systems and cutoffs, it is questionable to date whether it contributes to predictive outline. Our study aims to grade vascular heterogeneity by comparing clear-cut compartments: tumour associated stroma (TAS), tumour parenchyma, and tumour invasive front. Material and Methods. Computerized vessel area measurement was performed using a tissue cytometry system (TissueFAXS) on slides originated from 50 patients with breast cancer. Vessels were marked using immunohistochemistry with CD34. Regions of interest were manually defined for each tumour compartment. Results. Tumour invasive front vascular endothelia area was 2.15 times higher than that in tumour parenchyma and 4.61 times higher than that in TAS (P < 0.002). Worth to mention that the lymph node negative subgroup of patients show a slight but constant increase of vessel index in all examined compartments of breast tumour. Conclusion. Whole slide digital examination and region of interest (ROI) analysis are a valuable tool in scoring angiogenesis markers and disclosing their prognostic capacity. Our study reveals compartments' variability of vessel density inside the tumour and highlights the propensity of invasive front to associate an active process of angiogenesis with potential implications in adjuvant therapy.
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Computed tomography perfusion imaging of renal cell carcinoma: systematic comparison with histopathological angiogenic and prognostic markers. Invest Radiol 2013; 48:183-91. [PMID: 23328912 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e31827c63a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to systematically analyze the correlation between computed tomography (CT) perfusion and histopathological angiogenic and prognostic markers in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifteen patients (12 men; mean age, 64.5 ± 9.4 years) with RCC underwent contrast-enhanced CT perfusion imaging (scan range, 10 cm; scan time, 40 seconds; dual-source 128-section CT) 1 day before surgery. The procedure for surgical specimen processing was modified to obtain an exact match with CT images. Microvessel density (MVD) was quantified by CD34 staining, and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was stained with D2-40 antibodies. The CT perfusion values blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), and flow extraction product (K(Trans)) were calculated using the maximum-slope and a delay-corrected modified Patlak approach and were correlated to MVD and LVD. The relationship between CT perfusion and the prognostic markers pT stage, Fuhrman grade, and tumor necrosis was evaluated. RESULTS Histopathology revealed varying high MVD but low or absent intratumoral LVD. The BF and BV of RCC, both including and excluding necrotic regions, showed significant correlations with MVD (r = 0.600-0.829, P < 0.05 each). Significant correlations between MVD and K(Trans) were found only in small tumor areas exhibiting no necrosis (r = 0.550, P < 0.05). No significant correlation was found between BF, BV, and K(Trans) with intratumoral LVD (P = 0.35-0.82). With higher pT stage and Fuhrman grade, BF, BV, and K(Trans) were lower, similar to the MVD, but without reaching statistical significance. Blood flow, BV, and K(Trans) were significantly higher in RCCs with less than 50% necrosis than in those with 50% or grater necrosis (P < 0.05 each). CONCLUSION Our study indicates that BF and BV from CT perfusion reflect blood vessels of RCC. Computed tompgraphic perfusion parameters differ significantly depending upon the degree of tumor necrosis.
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Faur AC, Lazar E, Cornianu M. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvascular density in salivary gland tumours. APMIS 2013; 122:418-26. [PMID: 23937241 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates whether salivary tumours with different morphology and evolution also differ in terms of neovascularization and VEGF expression and the prognostic value of the results. Surgical specimens from 45 patients - 8 pleomorphic adenomas (PA), 7 Warthin tumours (WT), 5 basal cell adenomas (BA), 6 carcinomas ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CEPA), 6 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC), 5 acinic cell carcinomas (AC), 4 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) and 4 adenocarcinomas not otherwise specified (ADK NOS) - were immunostained. In malignant salivary tumours, the following mean microvascular density (MVD) values were recorded (± SD = Standard Deviation): 27.61 (SD ± 2.27) in cases with CEPA, 27.08 (DS ± 7.81) in AC and 32.93 (SD ± 7.76) in ADK NOS, with lower values for MEC 24.31(SD ± 2.88) and for ACC 22.13 (SD ± 5.44). For benign tumours, an MVD of 35.71 (SD ± 2.09) was recorded in WT and lower average values in PA (MVD = 14.84; SD ± 4.86) and in BA (MVD = 23.96; SD ± 9.13). MVD did not correlate with the investigated clinicopathological parameters. The VEGF expression is significantly more important (p = 0.001) in malignant salivary tumours as compared with benign ones. The VEGF expression and the microvascularization in salivary gland tumours are important elements to be considered when formulating a diagnosis and assessing case evolutions in patients with such tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Corina Faur
- Pathology Department, 'V. Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Timis, Romania
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Shi L, Liu S, Wang D, Wong HL, Huang WH, Wang YXJ, Griffith JF, Leung PC, Ahuja AT. Computerized quantification of bone tissue and marrow in stained microscopic images. Cytometry A 2012; 81:916-21. [PMID: 22899564 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Stained histological images assist physicians to identify different types of tissues or cells and their architectures. They can be applied on the diagnosis of various diseases and the assessment of treatment effects. Osteoporosis is an aging disease that reduces the density of bones and increases the risk of bone fracture. Literatures indicate that osteoporosis is associated with the ratio of trabecular bone tissues and bone marrow cells, and bones in osteoporosis patients consist of a significantly higher marrow fat content. Interactive segmentation of bone tissue and different types of bone marrow cells in high-resolution histological images, however, is a very tedious and labor-intensive process. The aim of this study is to develop an automatic algorithm to quantify the areas of different tissues such as the trabecular bones and yellow and red marrow cells. This image segmentation method consists of a series of mathematical morphological operation steps based on both the color and morphology features of tissues and was implemented in Matlab. The results obtained from the proposed method have been verified by comparing with those obtained interactively from an experienced histotechnician (Pearson correlation coefficient > 0.94, P < 0.001). The result suggests that the proposed algorithm can effectively assist physicians to quantify stained bone histological images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Song T, Shen YG, Jiao NN, Li XH, Hu HT, Qu JR, Chen XJ, Feng W, Zhang X, Li HL. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: assessing tumor angiogenesis using multi-slice CT perfusion imaging. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57:2195-202. [PMID: 22476585 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between multi-slice computed tomographic perfusion imaging (CTPI) parameters and immunohistologic markers of angiogenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Fifty patients with histologically proven esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled in this study. All subjects underwent multi-slice CT perfusion scan. The hemodynamic parameters of vascular tumor, including blood volume (BV), blood flow (BF), mean transit time (MTT) and permeability surface (PS) were generated. All the ESCC specimens were stained immunohistochemically to identify CD31 for quantification of microvessel density (MVD). CTPI parameters were correlated with MVD by using Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS The value of CT perfusion parameters of ESCC were as follows: BF 116.71 ± 47.59 ml/100 g/min, BV 6.74 ± 2.70 ml/100 g, MTT 6.42 ± 2.84 s, PS 13.82 ± 6.25 ml/100 g/min. The mean MVD of all 50 tumor specimens was 34.44 ± 19.75. The PS values were significantly higher in ESCC patients with involvement of lymph node than those without involvement of lymph node (p < 0.01). Blood volume and permeability surface were positively correlated with MVD (p < 0.01), whereas no significant correlation was observed between MVD and BF or between MVD and MTT. CONCLUSIONS Blood volume and permeability surface were positively correlated with MVD. CTPI could reflect the angiogenesis in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Department of Radiology, Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Gurzu S, Cimpean AM, Kovacs J, Jung I. Counting of angiogenesis in colorectal carcinomas using double immunostain. TUMORI JOURNAL 2012; 98:485-90. [PMID: 23052166 DOI: 10.1177/030089161209800414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the simple immunostains performed with CD31, CD34 and CD105 antibodies, with double-labeling immunostains realized with CD105 (endoglin) and smooth muscle actin antibodies in colorectal carcinomas. Fourty colorectal carcinoma surgical specimens were immunohistochemically studied. Quantification of microvessel density was realized at 400× magnification, in the intratumoral and peritumoral areas and distant from the tumor. With simple immunostains, it was very difficult to identify the type of vessel. With CD105/smooth muscle actin double-labeling stain we determined vessels maturation grade and identified the following types of vessels: isolated endothelial cells, immature, intermediary, mature and activated mature vessels. The density of intermediate vessels was higher in well-differentiated (2 ± 0.03) than in moderately (0.14 ± 0,02) or poorly differentiated colorectal carcinoma (0.07 ± 0.01). Such vessel types could not be identified with simple immunostains, and we believe that this is one reason why double-labeling immunostaining with CD105/smooth muscle actin should be used to study angiogenesis in colorectal carcinoma. We conclude that the density of intermediate vessels, correlated with the histological grade, could indicate the success or failure of the antiangiogenic treatment. Double-labeling immunostaining is indispensable to study vessel maturation grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Targu Mures, Romania
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Goh V, Rodriguez-Justo M, Engledow A, Shastry M, Endozo R, Peck J, Meagher M, Taylor SA, Halligan S, Groves AM. Assessment of the metabolic flow phenotype of primary colorectal cancer: correlations with microvessel density are influenced by the histological scoring method. Eur Radiol 2012; 22:1687-92. [PMID: 22527369 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-012-2423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate how the histological scoring of microvessel density affects correlations between integrated (18)F-FDG-PET/perfusion CT parameters and CD105 microvessel density. METHODS A total of 53 patients were enrolled from 2007 to 2010. Integrated (18)F-FDG-PET/perfusion CT was successful in 45 patients, 35 of whom underwent surgery without intervening treatment. Tumour SUV(max), SUV(mean) and regional blood flow (BF) were derived. Immunohistochemical staining for CD105 expression and analysis were performed for two hot spots, four hot spots and the Chalkley method. Correlations between metabolic flow parameters and CD105 expression were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation. RESULTS Mean (SD) for tumour size was 38.5 (20.5) mm, for SUV(max), SUV(mean) and BF it was 19.1 (4.5), 11.6 (2.5) and 85.4 (40.3) mL/min/100 g tissue, and for CD105 microvessel density it was 71.4 (23.6), 66.8 (22.9) and 6.18 (2.07) for two hot spots, four hot spots and the Chalkley method, respectively. Positive correlation between BF and CD105 expression was modest but higher for Chalkley than for four hot spots analysis (r = 0.38, P = 0.03; r = 0.33, P = 0.05, respectively). There were no significant correlations between metabolic parameters (SUV(max) or SUV(mean)) and CD105 expression (r = 0.08-0.22, P = 0.21-0.63). CONCLUSIONS The histological analysis method affects correlations between tumour CD105 expression and BF but not SUV(max) or SUV(mean). KEY POINTS • FDG-PET/perfusion CT offers new surrogate biomarkers of angiogenesis. • Microvessel density scoring influences histopathological correlations with CT blood flow. • Highest correlations were found with the Chalkley analysis method. • Correlations between SUV and CD105 are not affected by the scoring method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Goh
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK,
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Objective assessment of blood and lymphatic vessel invasion and association with macrophage infiltration in cutaneous melanoma. Mod Pathol 2012; 25:493-504. [PMID: 22080065 PMCID: PMC3318158 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2011.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the role of vascular invasion (blood and lymphatic), vessel density and the presence of tumour-associated macrophages as prognostic markers in 202 cutaneous melanoma patients. Sections of primary melanoma were stained with lymphatic-specific antibody D2-40 to assess lymphatic vessel invasion and density in intratumoural and peritumoural areas; an antibody against endothelial marker CD34 was used to determine blood vessel invasion and density, and an antibody against CD68 was used to determine macrophage counts. Immunohistochemically determined vascular invasion (combined blood and lymphatic) was compared with that determined using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The use of immunohistochemistry increased detection of vascular invasion from 8-30% of patients, and histological exam of H&E-stained tissue was associated with a false positive rate of 64%. Lymphatic vessel invasion occurred at a much higher frequency than blood vessel invasion (27 and 4% of patients, respectively). Although immunohistochemically detected vessel invasion was significantly associated with histological markers of adverse prognosis, such as increased Breslow thickness, ulceration and mitotic rate (all P<0.001), no associations with relapse-free or overall survival were observed. High macrophage counts were significantly associated with markers of aggressive disease, such as Breslow thickness, ulceration and mitotic rate (P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.005, respectively), and lymphatic vessel invasion and high microvessel density (P=0.002 and P=0.003, respectively). These results suggest that vascular invasion is more accurately detected using immunohistochemistry and occurs predominantly via lymphatic vessels. The association of vessel characteristics with histological characteristics of the primary melanoma provides evidence for their biological importance in melanoma, but that they were not associated with clinical outcome attests to the value of existing histological prognostic biomarkers. We note that a high macrophage count may be associated with neovascularisation and primary tumour growth, and may also promote invasion through lymphatic vessels.
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Non-invasive quantification of tumor vascular architecture during docetaxel-chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 134:1013-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rytlewski JA, Geuss LR, Anyaeji CI, Lewis EW, Suggs LJ. Three-dimensional image quantification as a new morphometry method for tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 18:507-16. [PMID: 22224751 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological analysis is an essential step in verifying the success of a tissue engineering strategy where the presence of a desired cellular phenotype must be determined. While morphometry has transitioned from observational grading to computational quantification, established quantitative methods eliminate information by relying on two-dimensional (2D) analysis to describe three-dimensional (3D) niches. In this study, we demonstrate the validity and utility of 3D morphological quantification using two common angiogenesis assays in our fibrin-based in vitro model: (1) the microcarrier bead assay with human mesenchymal stem cells and (2) the rat aortic ring outgrowth assay. The quantification method is based on collecting and segmenting fluorescent confocal z-stacks into 3D models with 3D Slicer, an open-source magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography analysis program. Data from 3D models are then processed into biologically relevant metrics in MATLAB for statistical analysis. Metrics include descriptive parameters such as vascular network length, volume, number of network segments, and degree of network branching. Our results indicate that 2D measures are significantly different than their 3D counterparts unless the vascular network exhibits anisotropic growth along the plane of imaging. Additionally, the statistical outcomes of 3D morphological quantification agreed with our initial qualitative observations among different test groups. This novel quantification approach generates more spatially accurate and objective measures, representing an important step toward improving the reliability of morphological comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Rytlewski
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Iakovlev VV, Gabril M, Dubinski W, Scorilas A, Youssef YM, Faragalla H, Kovacs K, Rotondo F, Metias S, Arsanious A, Plotkin A, Girgis AHF, Streutker CJ, Yousef GM. Microvascular density as an independent predictor of clinical outcome in renal cell carcinoma: an automated image analysis study. J Transl Med 2012; 92:46-56. [PMID: 22042086 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2011.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microvascular density (MVD) has been shown to correlate with the aggressiveness of several cancers. With the introduction of targeted anti-angiogenic therapy, assessment of MVD has the potential not only as a prognostic but also as a therapeutic marker. The significance of tumor vascularity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has been debated, with studies showing contradictory results. Previous studies were limited by manual quantification of MVD within a small area of tumor. Since then, the validity of this method has been questioned. To avoid the inaccuracies of manual quantification, we employed a computerized image analysis, which allowed assessment of large areas of tumor and adjacent normal tissue. The latter was used as an internal reference for normalization. MVD and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed in 57 cases of ccRCC. Sections were immunostained for CD34 and VEGF. Areas of ccRCC and normal kidney medulla were analyzed within scanned images using software that counted CD34-positive vessels and measured the intensity of VEGF staining. We obtained unadjusted values from tumoral areas and calculated adjusted values as tumor/normal ratios. Unadjusted MVD had no association with clinical outcome. However, similarly to tumor stage, higher adjusted MVD was associated with shorter disease-free survival (log-rank P=0.037, Cox P=0.02). This was significant in univariate and multivariate analyses. MVD did not correlate with tumor stage, pointing to its independent prognostic value. As expected due to the known molecular abnormalities in ccRCC, most tumors showed higher VEGF expression than normal tissue. Higher adjusted VEGF was associated with high tumor grade (P=0.049). The finding of increased MVD as an independent marker of tumor aggressiveness may prove useful in the development of new tests for prognostic and therapeutic guidance. Digital techniques can provide more accurate assessment of immunomarkers and may reveal less obvious associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Iakovlev
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Bartoli CR, Dassanayaka S, Brittian K, Nadar AC, Ismahil MA, Koenig SC, Prabhu SD. Direct Measurement of Blood Flow in Microvessels Grown in Matrigel In Vivo. J Surg Res 2012; 172:e55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Waengertner LE, Meurer L, Cerski MR. Microvessel Density (Chalkley Method) in a Series of 79 Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Gastroenterology Res 2011; 4:252-256. [PMID: 27957024 PMCID: PMC5139862 DOI: 10.4021/gr373w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluation of the MVD (modified Chalkley method) in a series of 79 cases of GISTs diagnosed by the Pathology Service at the HCPA (Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre) from January 1993 to December 2009. METHODS Seventy nine cases of GISTs were submitted to immunohistochemical analysis for CD31, an endothelial marker, to analyze MVD. Hot spots were identified for each case, and the mean numbers of stained blood vessels collected through Chalkley count, with the use of a 25 point grid, placed onto a scanned image. Images were analysed through an image analysis system. We used a cutoff of six vessels. RESULTS Our series was composed of 42 males and 37 females and presented an average age of 58.9 years. GISTs were predominately located in the stomach (45.6%) followed by the small intestine (38.0%). Sixty seven GISTs (84.8%) showed an average of less than six vessels stained by CD31 (MVD) and 12 (15.2%) GISTs an average of more than six vessels. A statistically significant difference was observed between survival rate of patients having GISTs with MVD of ≤ 6 vessels (mean = 2.4, CI 95%: 1.67 - 3.17) and patients having GISTs with MVD of ≥ 6 vessels (mean = 2.4, CI 95%: 1.67 - 3.17), P = 0.001. No association for MVD was observed related to sex, age, histological type, risk category, location and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Seventy nine cases of GISTs diagnosed at a single center in South Brazil were studied for MVD (Chalkley method). There was a statistically significant difference between MVD and the survival rate for these patients. The use of Chalkley method in GISTs may be helpful to evaluate clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Eduardo Waengertner
- Programa de Pos Graduacao, Ciencias em Gastroenterologia, RS, Brazil; Servico de Patologia do Hospital de Clinica de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luise Meurer
- Programa de Pos Graduacao, Ciencias em Gastroenterologia, RS, Brazil; Servico de Patologia do Hospital de Clinica de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Reesink Cerski
- Programa de Pos Graduacao, Ciencias em Gastroenterologia, RS, Brazil; Servico de Patologia do Hospital de Clinica de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
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