1
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Smart K, Pieper JB, Viall AK, Noxon JO, Berger DJ. Comparison of commercial next-generation sequencing assays to conventional culture methods for bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of samples obtained from clinical cases of canine superficial bacterial folliculitis. Vet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 39323044 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing is an important step in timely therapeutic decisions for canine superficial bacterial folliculitis (SBF), commonly caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers the appeal of potentially expedited results with complete detection of bacterial organisms and associated resistance genes compared to culture. Limited studies exist comparing the two methodologies for clinical samples. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To compare and contrast genotypic and phenotypic methods for bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility from cases of canine SBF. ANIMALS Twenty-four client-owned dogs with lesions consistent with SBF were enrolled. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sterile culturette swab was used to sample dogs with SBF lesions. The swab was rinsed in 0.9 mL of sterile phosphate-buffered saline and vortexed to create a homogenous solution. Two swabs for NGS laboratories (Labs) and one swab for culture (Culture Lab) were randomly sampled from this solution and submitted for bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility. RESULTS No statistical difference regarding turnaround time for NGS Labs compared to Culture Lab was found. NGS Lab 1 identified more organisms than NGS Lab 2 and Culture Lab, which were both statistically significant. There was no statistical difference in detection frequency for Staphylococcus spp. among all laboratories. There was poor agreement for the presence of meticillin resistance and most antimicrobials among all laboratories. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Utilisation of NGS as a replacement for traditional culture when sampling canine SBF lesions is not supported at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Smart
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jason B Pieper
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Austin K Viall
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - James O Noxon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Darren J Berger
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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2
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Rensner JJ, Lueth P, Bellaire BH, Sahin O, Lee YJ. Rapid detection of antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1281155. [PMID: 38076465 PMCID: PMC10702551 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1281155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem in modern healthcare. Most antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) require long culture times which delay diagnosis and effective treatment. Our group has previously reported a proof-of-concept demonstration of a rapid AST in Escherichia coli using deuterium labeling and MALDI mass spectrometry. Culturing bacteria in D2O containing media incorporates deuterium in newly synthesized lipids, resulting in a mass shift that can be easily detected by mass spectrometry. The extent of new growth is measured by the average mass of synthesized lipids that can be correlated with resistance in the presence of antimicrobials. In this work, we adapt this procedure to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using the Bruker MALDI-TOF Biotyper, a low-cost instrument commonly available in diagnostic laboratories. The susceptible strain showed a significant decrease in average mass in on-target microdroplet cultures after 3 hours of incubation with 10 µg/mL methicillin, while the resistant strain showed consistent labeling regardless of methicillin concentration. This assay allows us to confidently detect methicillin resistance in S. aureus after only 3 hours of culture time and minimal sample processing, reducing the turn-around-time significantly over conventional assays. The success of this work suggests its potential as a rapid AST widely applicable in many clinical microbiology labs with minimal additional costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah J. Rensner
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Paul Lueth
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Bryan H. Bellaire
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Young Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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3
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Yamin D, Uskoković V, Wakil AM, Goni MD, Shamsuddin SH, Mustafa FH, Alfouzan WA, Alissa M, Alshengeti A, Almaghrabi RH, Fares MAA, Garout M, Al Kaabi NA, Alshehri AA, Ali HM, Rabaan AA, Aldubisi FA, Yean CY, Yusof NY. Current and Future Technologies for the Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3246. [PMID: 37892067 PMCID: PMC10606640 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern, posing a significant threat to the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating bacterial infections. The accurate and timely detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is crucial for implementing appropriate treatment strategies and preventing the spread of resistant strains. This manuscript provides an overview of the current and emerging technologies used for the detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We discuss traditional culture-based methods, molecular techniques, and innovative approaches, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and potential future applications. By understanding the strengths and limitations of these technologies, researchers and healthcare professionals can make informed decisions in combating antibiotic resistance and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Yamin
- Al-Karak Public Hospital, Karak 61210, Jordan;
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Vuk Uskoković
- TardigradeNano LLC., Irvine, CA 92604, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Abubakar Muhammad Wakil
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri 600104, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Dauda Goni
- Public Health and Zoonoses Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Shazana Hilda Shamsuddin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Fatin Hamimi Mustafa
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bharu 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Wadha A. Alfouzan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait;
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Farwania Hospital, Farwania 85000, Kuwait
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amer Alshengeti
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana H. Almaghrabi
- Pediatric Department, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia;
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mona A. Al Fares
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nawal A. Al Kaabi
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates;
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Abu Dhabi 51900, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad A. Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamza M. Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 41411, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia;
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | | | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nik Yusnoraini Yusof
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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4
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Baymenov BM, Bulashev AK, Chuzhebayeva GD, Aliyeva GK, Beishova IS, Kokanov SK, Raketsky VA. Phenotypic and genotypic resistance to antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from cattle milk in Northern Kazakhstan. Vet World 2023; 16:1815-1820. [PMID: 37859965 PMCID: PMC10583881 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1815-1820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent and ubiquitous cause of mastitis in cows. In recent decades, antibiotic resistance has rapidly spread among infectious disease pathogens in Kazakhstan and globally. This study examined the phenotypic and genotypic resistance of S. aureus strains obtained from cattle milk to antibiotics. Materials and Methods In 2021 and 2022, 675 cow milk samples were collected from 16 dairy farms in Northern Kazakhstan. Staphylococcus aureus was identified using culture and biochemical methods. The nature of antibiotic resistance was determined by the disk diffusion (DD) method. The distribution of antibiotic resistance genes was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Results Among the obtained S. aureus isolates, high levels of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics (100%), tetracyclines (95.4%), fluoroquinolones (95.4%), and macrolides (60.92%) were observed. Meanwhile, the lowest levels of resistance were identified for sulfonamides (21.84%) and aminoglycosides (27.59%). All the obtained isolates were positive for the nuc gene encoding thermonuclease. The blaZ, ermC, and tetK genes were detected in 45.9%, 77%, and 83.9% of the studied S. aureus isolates, respectively. Conclusion The results indicate a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in S. aureus isolated from cows with clinical and subclinical forms of mastitis in Northern Kazakhstan. In addition, the prevalence of resistance was higher when evaluated by the DD method than when detecting the specific antibiotic resistance genes blaZ, tetK, and ermC, indicating the need for deeper analysis of the phenotypic and genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhit Muratovich Baymenov
- Research Institute of Applied Biotechnology, A. Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University, Kostanai, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Aitbay Kabykeshovich Bulashev
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | | | - Gulnur Kozyevna Aliyeva
- Research Institute of Applied Biotechnology, A. Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University, Kostanai, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Indira Saltanovna Beishova
- Testing Center, West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University Named after Zhangir Khan, Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Sabit Kabdyshevich Kokanov
- Research Institute of Applied Biotechnology, A. Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University, Kostanai, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Vitaly Anatolevich Raketsky
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, A. Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University, Kostanai, Republic of Kazakhstan
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5
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Di Francesco A, Salvatore D, Bertelloni F, Ebani VV. Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Wild Birds from a Wildlife Recovery Centre in Central Italy. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010076. [PMID: 36611686 PMCID: PMC9817859 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild animals are less likely to be exposed directly to clinical antimicrobial agents than domestic animals or humans, but they can acquire antimicrobial-resistant bacteria through contact with humans, animals, and the environment. In the present study, 254 dead free-living birds belonging to 23 bird species were examined by PCR for the presence of tetracycline resistance (tet) genes. A fragment of the spleen was collected from each bird carcass. A portion of the intestine was also taken from 73 of the 254 carcasses. Extracted DNA was subjected to PCR amplification targeting the tet(L), tet(M), and tet(X) genes. In total, 114 (45%) of the 254 birds sampled belonging to 17 (74%) of the 23 bird species tested were positive for one or more tet genes. The tet(M) gene showed a higher frequency than the other tested genes, both in the spleen and in the intestine samples. These results confirm the potential role of wild birds as reservoirs, dispersers, or bioindicators of antimicrobial resistance in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Di Francesco
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela Salvatore
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bertelloni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Tetz G, Tetz V. Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance with Novel Paradigms of Antibiotic Selection. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2383. [PMID: 36557636 PMCID: PMC9781420 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional antimicrobial susceptibility tests, including phenotypic and genotypic methods, are insufficiently accurate and frequently fail to identify effective antibiotics. These methods predominantly select therapies based on the antibiotic response of only the lead bacterial pathogen within pure bacterial culture. However, this neglects the fact that, in the majority of human infections, the lead bacterial pathogens are present as a part of multispecies communities that modulate the response of these lead pathogens to antibiotics and that multiple pathogens can contribute to the infection simultaneously. This discrepancy is a major cause of the failure of antimicrobial susceptibility tests to detect antibiotics that are effective in vivo. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the factors that are missed by conventional antimicrobial susceptibility tests and it explains how accounting for these methods can aid the development of novel diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tetz
- Human Microbiology Institute, New York, NY 100141, USA
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7
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Bassetti M, Kanj SS, Kiratisin P, Rodrigues C, Van Duin D, Villegas MV, Yu Y. Early appropriate diagnostics and treatment of MDR Gram-negative infections. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2022; 4:dlac089. [PMID: 36111208 PMCID: PMC9469888 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The term difficult-to-treat resistance has been recently coined to identify Gram-negative bacteria exhibiting resistance to all fluoroquinolones and all β-lactam categories, including carbapenems. Such bacteria are posing serious challenges to clinicians trying to identify the best therapeutic option for any given patient. Delayed appropriate therapy has been associated with worse outcomes including increase in length of stay, increase in total in-hospital costs and ∼20% increase in the risk of in-hospital mortality. In addition, time to appropriate antibiotic therapy has been shown to be an independent predictor of 30 day mortality in patients with resistant organisms. Improving and anticipating aetiological diagnosis through optimizing not only the identification of phenotypic resistance to antibiotic classes/agents, but also the identification of specific resistance mechanisms, would have a major impact on reducing the frequency and duration of inappropriate early antibiotic therapy. In light of these considerations, the present paper reviews the increasing need for rapid diagnosis of bacterial infections and efficient laboratory workflows to confirm diagnoses and facilitate prompt de-escalation to targeted therapy, in line with antimicrobial stewardship principles. Rapid diagnostic tests currently available and future perspectives for their use are discussed. Early appropriate diagnostics and treatment of MDR Gram-negative infections require a multidisciplinary approach that includes multiple different diagnostic methods and further consensus of algorithms, protocols and guidelines to select the optimal antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bassetti
- Department of Health Science, University of Genoa, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Hospital – IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Souha S Kanj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pattarachai Kiratisin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Camilla Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - David Van Duin
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - María Virginia Villegas
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Resistencia Antimicrobiana y Epidemiología Hospitalaria (RAEH), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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8
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Bellali S, Haddad G, Iwaza R, Fontanini A, Hisada A, Ominami Y, Raoult D, Khalil JB. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for Gram positive cocci towards vancomycin using scanning electron microscopy. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100154. [PMID: 35909629 PMCID: PMC9325908 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid detection of resistant bacteria has become a challenge for microbiologists worldwide. Numerous pathogens that cause nosocomial infections are still being treated empirically and have developed resistance mechanisms against key antibiotics. Thus, one of the challenges for researchers has been to develop rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) to detect resistant isolates, ensuring better antibiotic stewardship. In this study, we established a proof-of-concept for a new strategy of phenotypic AST on Gram-positive cocci towards vancomycin using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our study evaluated the profiling of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus after brief incubation with vancomycin. Sixteen isolates were analysed aiming to detect ultrastructural modifications at set timepoints, comparing bacteria with and without vancomycin. After optimising slides preparation and micrographs acquisition, two analytical strategies were used. The high magnification micrographs served to analyse the division of cocci based on the ratio of septa, along with the bacterial size. Susceptible strains with vancomycin showed a reduced septa percentage and the average surface area was consequently double that of the controls. The resistant bacteria revealed multiple septa occurring at advanced timepoints. Low magnification micrographs made it possible to quantify the pixels at different timepoints, confirming the profiling of cocci towards vancomycin. This new phenotypic AST strategy proved to be a promising tool to discriminate between resistant and susceptible cocci within an hour of contact with vancomycin. The analysis strategies applied here would potentially allow the creation of artificial intelligence algorithms for septa detection and bacterial quantification, subsequently creating a rapid automated SEM-AST assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bellali
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille 13385, France
| | - Gabriel Haddad
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille 13385, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Marseille 13385, France
| | - Rim Iwaza
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille 13385, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Marseille 13385, France
| | - Anthony Fontanini
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille 13385, France
| | - Akiko Hisada
- Hitachi, Ltd., Research & Development Group, 1-280, Higashi-Koigakubo, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ominami
- Hitachi High-Tech Corporation, 882 Ichige, Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki-ken 312-8504, Japan
| | - Didier Raoult
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille 13385, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Marseille 13385, France
| | - Jacques Bou Khalil
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille 13385, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Marseille 13385, France
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9
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Choonara FE, Haldorsen BC, Ndhlovu I, Saulosi O, Maida T, Lampiao F, Simonsen GS, Essack SY, Sundsfjord A. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of clinically important bacterial pathogens at the Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. Malawi Med J 2022; 34:9-16. [PMID: 37265833 PMCID: PMC10230581 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v34i1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this prospective study was to ascertain antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in clinical bacterial pathogens from in-hospital adult patients at a tertiary hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. METHODS Clinical specimens (blood culture, pus, urine and cerebrospinal fluid) collected during June to December 2017 were examined for bacterial growth in standard aerobic conditions. One specimen per patient was included. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the disk diffusion method and interpreted according to EUCAST guidelines. RESULTS A total of 694 specimens were collected during the study period, of which 336 (48%) specimen yielded visible bacterial growth. Of the 336 specimens, a total of 411 phenotypically different isolates were recovered. Of the 411 isolates, 84 isolates (20%) were excluded and the remaining 327 (80%) were further characterised. The characterised isolates were identified as ESKAPE pathogens (n=195/327; 60%), Escherichia coli (n=92/327; 28%), Proteus mirabilis (n=33/327; 10) or Salmonella spp. (n=7/327; 2%) and were included for further analysis. The excluded isolates (n=84) comprised of coagulase-negative staphylococci (n=25), streptococci (n=33), and low-prevalence Gram-negative bacilli (n=26). E. coli (n=92; 28%) and S. aureus (n=86; 26%) were the most dominant species. A multidrug resistant (MDR) extended spectrum β- lactamase (ESBL)-positive phenotype was detected in Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=20/29; 69%) and E. coli (n=49/92; 53%). One third of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were resistant to meropenem (MEM), but did not appear to be carbapenemase-producers. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was molecularly confirmed in 10.5% of S. aureus (n=9/86). CONCLUSION The high proportion of the MDR ESBL-phenotype in clinical isolates of Enterobacterales, strongly limits antimicrobial treatment options and has consequences for empirical and targeted antimicrobial treatment as well as clinical microbiology services and hospital infection control. There is need for a continuous surveillance and an antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) program to contain and prevent the spread of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheema E Choonara
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Microbiology Laboratory, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Herbal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Bjørg C Haldorsen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance (K-res), University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Isaac Ndhlovu
- Microbiology Laboratory, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Osborne Saulosi
- Microbiology Laboratory, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Tarsizio Maida
- Microbiology Laboratory, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Fanuel Lampiao
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Herbal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Gunnar S Simonsen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance (K-res), University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sabiha Y Essack
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Arnfinn Sundsfjord
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance (K-res), University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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10
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Singh S, Numan A, Cinti S. Point-of-Care for Evaluating Antimicrobial Resistance through the Adoption of Functional Materials. Anal Chem 2022; 94:26-40. [PMID: 34802244 PMCID: PMC8756393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sima Singh
- IES
Institute of Pharmacy, IES University Campus, Kalkheda, Ratibad Main Road, Bhopal 462044, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arshid Numan
- Graphene
& Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering
and Technology, Sunway University, 5, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- BAT
Center−Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental
Technology, University of Napoli Federico
II, 80055 Naples, Italy
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11
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Antibiotic Resistance Decreases the Efficacy of Endodontic Filling Pastes for Root Canal Treatment in Children's Teeth. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8080692. [PMID: 34438583 PMCID: PMC8391351 DOI: 10.3390/children8080692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial efficacy of antimicrobial filling pastes (AFP) used in the root canal treatment of primary teeth has been widely reported. However, antibiotic resistance as an emerging global problem could impact their current efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two common AFP on susceptible or resistant bacteria isolated from primary necrotic molars. Microbiological samples were obtained and cultured from the root canals of 34 children. In total, 96 colony-forming units were obtained to determine their resistance to tetracycline, rifampicin, and chloramphenicol. They were identified as S. mutans or E. faecalis using polymerase chain reaction. The antimicrobial activity of CTZ paste (chloramphenicol, tetracycline, zinc oxide, and eugenol) and Guedes-Pinto modified (GPM) paste (rifampicin, prednisolone, iodoform, and camphorated paramonochlorophenol) were tested against the identified and selected microorganisms. Larger size inhibition zones were observed in both species when the tested strains were susceptible to the antibiotics in the AFP preparation. The efficacy of AFP containing antibiotics depends on the antibiotic resistance profile of the strain. Antibiotic resistance and its effect on the AFP were shown, which calls into question the use of simplified endodontic techniques that depend on antibiotics, since in these cases these techniques could not clinically eliminate resistant bacteria from the root canal.
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Evaluation of a New Culture-Based AtbFinder Test-System Employing a Novel Nutrient Medium for the Selection of Optimal Antibiotics for Critically Ill Patients with Polymicrobial Infections within 4 h. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050990. [PMID: 34064335 PMCID: PMC8147811 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the validation of a new phenotypic culture-based AtbFinder method for rapid selection of antibiotics in vitro using specimens with mono- and polybacterial infections. AtbFinder, which can be applied to any type of non-blood tissue, does not require isolation of pure bacterial cultures. The method uses a novel TGV medium that allows more rapid bacterial growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative monoisolates compared with that achieved with conventional laboratory media, demonstrating overall sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV values of 99.6%, 98.1%, 98.5%, and 99.4%, respectively, after 4 h. For polymicrobial infections, AtbFinder utilized a novel paradigm of the population response to antibiotics, enabling bacterial growth in the form of a mixed microbial community and selecting antibiotics targeting not only the principal pathogen, but also those bacteria that support their growth. TGV medium allowed culturing of a more diverse set of bacteria from polymicrobial biospecimens, compared with that achieved with the standard media, and enabled, within 4 h, accurate selection of the antibiotics that completely eliminated all cultivatable bacteria from clinical samples. In conclusion, the AtbFinder system may be a valuable tool in improving antibiotic selection, and enabling targeted empirical therapy and accurate antibiotic replacement, which is especially important in high-risk patients.
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13
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Chen Z, Erickson DL, Meng J. Polishing the Oxford Nanopore long-read assemblies of bacterial pathogens with Illumina short reads to improve genomic analyses. Genomics 2021; 113:1366-1377. [PMID: 33716184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxford Nanopore sequencing has been widely used to achieve complete genomes of bacterial pathogens. However, the error rates of Oxford Nanopore long reads are high. Various polishing algorithms using Illumina short reads to correct the errors in Oxford Nanopore long-read assemblies have been developed. The impact of polishing the Oxford Nanopore long-read assemblies of bacterial pathogens with Illumina short reads on improving genomic analyses was evaluated using both simulated and real reads. Ten species (10 strains) were selected for simulated reads, while real reads were tested on 11 species (11 strains). Oxford Nanopore long reads were assembled with Unicycler to produce a draft assembly, followed by three rounds of polishing with Illumina short reads using two polishing tools, Pilon and NextPolish. One round of NextPolish polishing generated genome completeness and accuracy parameters similar to the reference genomes, whereas two or three rounds of Pilon polishing were needed, though contiguity remained unchanged after polishing. The polished assemblies of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Cronobacter sakazakii with simulated reads did not provide accurate plasmid identifications. One round of NextPolish polishing was needed for accurately identifying plasmids in Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli O26:H11 with real reads, whereas one and two rounds of Pilon polishing were necessary for these two strains, respectively. Polishing failed to provide an accurate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genotype for S. aureus with real reads. One round of polishing recovered an accurate AMR genotype for Klebsiella pneumoniae with real reads. The reference genome and draft assembly of Citrobacter braakii with real reads differed, which carried blaCMY-83 and fosA6, respectively, while both genes were present after one round of polishing. However, polishing did not improve the assembly of E. coli O26:H11 with real reads to achieve numbers of virulence genes similar to the reference genome. The draft and polished assemblies showed a phylogenetic tree topology comparable with the reference genomes. For multilocus sequence typing and pan-genome analyses, one round of NextPolish polishing was sufficient to obtain accurate results, while two or three rounds of Pilon polishing were needed. Overall, NextPolish outperformed Pilon for polishing the Oxford Nanopore long-read assemblies of bacterial pathogens, though both polishing strategies improved genomic analyses compared to the draft assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - David L Erickson
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jianghong Meng
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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14
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Azab KSM, Abdel-Rahman MA, El-Sheikh HH, Azab E, Gobouri AA, Farag MMS. Distribution of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Encoding Genes among Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens Collected from Three Different Countries. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:247. [PMID: 33801418 PMCID: PMC7998439 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-encoding genes (blaCTX-M and blaTEM) among Gram-negative multidrug-resistant pathogens collected from three different countries was investigated. Two hundred and ninety-two clinical isolates were collected from Egypt (n = 90), Saudi Arabia (n = 162), and Sudan (n = 40). Based on the antimicrobial sensitivity against 20 antimicrobial agents from 11 antibiotic classes, the most resistant strains were selected and identified using the Vitek2 system and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. A total of 85.6% of the isolates were found to be resistant to more than three antibiotic classes. The ratios of the multidrug-resistant strains for Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan were 74.4%, 90.1%, and 97.5%, respectively. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed inconstant resistance levels to the different classes of antibiotics. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae had the highest levels of resistance against macrolides followed by penicillins and cephalosporin, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most resistant to penicillins followed by classes that varied among different countries. The isolates were positive for the presence of the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes. The blaCTX-M gene was the predominant gene in all isolates (100%), while blaTEM was detected in 66.7% of the selected isolates. This work highlights the detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria and resistant genes among different countries. We suggest that the medical authorities urgently implement antimicrobial surveillance plans and infection control policies for early detection and effective prevention of the rapid spread of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S. M. Azab
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (K.S.M.A.); (H.H.E.-S.)
| | - Mohamed Ali Abdel-Rahman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (K.S.M.A.); (H.H.E.-S.)
- Al-Azhar Center of Fermentation Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Hussien H. El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (K.S.M.A.); (H.H.E.-S.)
| | - Ehab Azab
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adil A. Gobouri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed M. S. Farag
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (K.S.M.A.); (H.H.E.-S.)
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15
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Kaprou GD, Bergšpica I, Alexa EA, Alvarez-Ordóñez A, Prieto M. Rapid Methods for Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:209. [PMID: 33672677 PMCID: PMC7924329 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most challenging threats in public health; thus, there is a growing demand for methods and technologies that enable rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). The conventional methods and technologies addressing AMR diagnostics and AST employed in clinical microbiology are tedious, with high turnaround times (TAT), and are usually expensive. As a result, empirical antimicrobial therapies are prescribed leading to AMR spread, which in turn causes higher mortality rates and increased healthcare costs. This review describes the developments in current cutting-edge methods and technologies, organized by key enabling research domains, towards fighting the looming AMR menace by employing recent advances in AMR diagnostic tools. First, we summarize the conventional methods addressing AMR detection, surveillance, and AST. Thereafter, we examine more recent non-conventional methods and the advancements in each field, including whole genome sequencing (WGS), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and microfluidics technology. Following, we provide examples of commercially available diagnostic platforms for AST. Finally, perspectives on the implementation of emerging concepts towards developing paradigm-changing technologies and methodologies for AMR diagnostics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia D. Kaprou
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (I.B.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.-O.); (M.P.)
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Ieva Bergšpica
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (I.B.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.-O.); (M.P.)
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
| | - Elena A. Alexa
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (I.B.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.-O.); (M.P.)
| | - Avelino Alvarez-Ordóñez
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (I.B.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.-O.); (M.P.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Miguel Prieto
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (I.B.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.-O.); (M.P.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
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16
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Perebikovsky A, Liu Y, Hwu A, Kido H, Shamloo E, Song D, Monti G, Shoval O, Gussin D, Madou M. Rapid sample preparation for detection of antibiotic resistance on a microfluidic disc platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:534-545. [PMID: 33393956 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) are critical in combating the antimicrobial resistance epidemic. While new, alternative technologies are capable of rapidly identifying antibiotic resistance, traditional AST methods, where a patient sample is incubated with different antibiotics, remain the most reliable and practical in determining antibiotic effectiveness. Here, we demonstrate a novel sample incubation technique on a microfluidic centrifugal disc (CD) as a proof of concept automated sample processing platform for AST. By using ribosomal RNA (rRNA) as a marker for cell growth, we demonstrated that incubation on the microfluidic CD was enhanced (>1.6 fold) for 11 out of 14 clinically relevant isolates of Escherichia coli compared to traditional shaker incubators. Finally, we utilize the system to identify antibiotic resistance of 11 E. coli isolates incubated with 5 different antibiotics in under 2 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Perebikovsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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17
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High Frequency and Diversity of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in the Microbiota of Broiler Chickens in Tunisia. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020377. [PMID: 33540893 PMCID: PMC7913266 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracycline resistance is still considered one of the most abundant antibiotic resistances among pathogenic and commensal microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of tetracycline resistance (tet) genes in broiler chickens in Tunisia, and this was done by PCR. Individual cloacal swabs from 195 broiler chickens were collected at two slaughterhouses in the governorate of Ben Arous (Grand Tunis, Tunisia). Chickens were from 7 farms and belonged to 13 lots consisting of 15 animals randomly selected. DNA was extracted and tested for 14 tet genes. All the lots examined were positive for at least 9 tet genes, with an average number of 11 tet genes per lot. Of the 195 animals tested, 194 (99%) were positive for one or more tet genes. Tet(L), tet(M) and tet(O) genes were found in 98% of the samples, followed by tet(A) in 90.2%, tet(K) in 88.7% and tet(Q) in 80%. These results confirm the antimicrobial resistance impact in the Tunisian poultry sector and suggest the urgent need to establish a robust national antimicrobial resistance monitoring plan. Furthermore, the molecular detection of antibiotic resistance genes directly in biological samples seems to be a useful means for epidemiological investigations of the spread of resistance determinants.
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18
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Rentschler S, Kaiser L, Deigner HP. Emerging Options for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections and the Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E456. [PMID: 33466437 PMCID: PMC7796476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise and rapid identification and characterization of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns are critical for the adequate treatment of infections, which represent an increasing problem in intensive care medicine. The current situation remains far from satisfactory in terms of turnaround times and overall efficacy. Application of an ineffective antimicrobial agent or the unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics worsens the patient prognosis and further accelerates the generation of resistant mutants. Here, we provide an overview that includes an evaluation and comparison of existing tools used to diagnose bacterial infections, together with a consideration of the underlying molecular principles and technologies. Special emphasis is placed on emerging developments that may lead to significant improvements in point of care detection and diagnosis of multi-resistant pathogens, and new directions that may be used to guide antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rentschler
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 VS-Schwenningen, Germany; (S.R.); (L.K.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Kaiser
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 VS-Schwenningen, Germany; (S.R.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 VS-Schwenningen, Germany; (S.R.); (L.K.)
- EXIM Department, Fraunhofer Institute IZI (Leipzig), Schillingallee 68, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Tuebingen University, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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19
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Jamilah J, Hatta M, Natzir R, Umar F, Sjahril R, Agus R, Junita AR, Dwiyanti R, Primaguna MR, Sabir M. Analysis of existence of multidrug-resistant H58 gene in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolated from typhoid fever patients in Makassar, Indonesia. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 38:100793. [PMID: 33294191 PMCID: PMC7695904 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The surveillance of multidrug-resistant (MDR) H58 typhoid is highly important, especially in endemic areas. MDR strain detection is needed by using a simple PCR technique that only uses a pair of primers. This is conducted considering the detection of Salmonella Typhi strains that have been carried out so far are only using antimicrobial sensitivity tests to determine microbial resistance phenotypically and to determine genotypically using complex molecular techniques. We aimed to analyse the existence of Salmonella Typhi MDR H58 in patients with typhoid fever in Makassar, Indonesia. A total of 367 blood samples of typhoid fever patients were collected from April 2018 until April 2019. The blood sample was cultured, then confirmed via simple PCR. All of the confirmed samples were tested for susceptibility against antibiotics and molecularly analysed for MDR H58 existence using a simple PCR technique. We found 7% (27/367) of the samples to be positive by both blood culture and PCR. All 27 isolates were found to be sensitive to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. The lowest drug sensitivities were to amoxicillin, at one (3.7%) of 27 isolates, and ampicillin, at 13 (48.1%) of 27 isolates. Salmonella Typhi H58 PCR results showed that one (3.7%) of 27 isolates carried a positive fragment of 993 bp that led to the H58 strain, since the deletion flanks this fragment. The isolate was also found to be resistant to amoxicillin and fluoroquinolone according to a sensitivity test. Further molecular analysis needs to be conducted to examine the single isolate that carried the 933 bp fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jamilah
- Alauddin State Islamic University, Makassar, Indonesia.,Postgraduate Program of Medical Science, Indonesia
| | - M Hatta
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Indonesia
| | - R Natzir
- Department of Biochemistry, Indonesia
| | - F Umar
- Postgraduate Program of Medical Science, Indonesia.,Makassar Medical State Laboratory, Indonesian Ministry of Health, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - R Sjahril
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Indonesia
| | - R Agus
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - A R Junita
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Indonesia
| | - R Dwiyanti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia
| | - M R Primaguna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Indonesia
| | - M Sabir
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia
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20
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Development of molecular assays for the rapid and cost-effective determination of fluoroquinolone, macrolide and lincosamide susceptibility of Mycoplasma synoviae isolates. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241647. [PMID: 33125410 PMCID: PMC7598480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma synoviae infection occurs worldwide, leading to considerable economic losses in the chicken and turkey industry due to infectious synovitis, respiratory diseases and eggshell apex abnormalities. Control programs against M. synoviae infection are based on eradication, vaccination and medication with antimicrobial agents. Prudent use of antibiotics can be improved greatly by the determination of antibiotic susceptibility prior to the treatment. However, the conventional broth or agar microdilution is very labor-intensive and time-consuming method. Thus, there is an increasing need for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility tests in order to guide antibiotic therapy more effectively. The aim of this study was to develop mismatch amplification mutation assays (MAMAs) to detect resistance-associated mutations in M. synoviae. M. synoviae strains with previously determined minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and whole genomes (n = 92) were used for target selection and assay specification. For the evaluation of the developed assays, 20 clinical samples and an additional 20 M. synoviae isolates derived from these specimens were also included in this study. MIC values of these 20 isolates were determined by broth microdilution method. Five MAMAs were designed to identify elevated MICs of fluoroquinolones, while three MAMAs were developed to detect decreased susceptibility to macrolides and lincomycin. The sensitivity of the MAMA tests varied between 102-104 template copy number/reaction depending on the assay. Clinical samples showed identical genotype calls with the M. synoviae isolates derived from the corresponding specimens in each case. Supporting the results of conventional in vitro sensitivity tests, our approach provides a feasible tool for diagnostics. Rapidity, robustness and cost-effectiveness are powerful advantages of the developed assays. Supporting prudent antibiotic usage instead of empirical treatment, the use of this method can reduce significantly the economic impact of M. synoviae in the poultry industry and decrease bacterial resistance-related public health concerns.
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21
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Håkonsholm F, Lunestad BT, Aguirre Sánchez JR, Martinez‐Urtaza J, Marathe NP, Svanevik CS. Vibrios from the Norwegian marine environment: Characterization of associated antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1093. [PMID: 32558371 PMCID: PMC7520990 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 116 Vibrio isolates comprising V. alginolyticus (n = 53), V. metschnikovii (n = 38), V. anguillarum (n = 21), V. antiquarius (n = 2), and V. fujianensis (n = 2) were obtained from seawater, fish, or bivalve molluscs from temperate Oceanic and Polar Oceanic area around Norway. Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed resistance or reduced susceptibility to ampicillin (74%), oxolinic acid (33%), imipenem (21%), aztreonam (19%), and tobramycin (17%). Whole-genome sequence analysis of eighteen drug-resistant isolates revealed the presence of genes like β-lactamases, chloramphenicol-acetyltransferases, and genes conferring tetracycline and quinolone resistance. The strains also carried virulence genes like hlyA, tlh, rtxA to D and aceA, E and F. The genes for cholerae toxin (ctx), thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), or zonula occludens toxin (zot) were not detected in any of the isolates. The present study shows low prevalence of multidrug resistance and absence of virulence genes of high global concern among environmental vibrios in Norway. However, in the light of climate change, and projected rising sea surface temperatures, even in the cold temperate areas, there is a need for frequent monitoring of resistance and virulence in vibrios to be prepared for future public health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jaime Martinez‐Urtaza
- Department of Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
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22
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Ding Y, Li Z, Xu C, Qin W, Wu Q, Wang X, Cheng X, Li L, Huang W. Fluorogenic Probes/Inhibitors of β-Lactamase and their Applications in Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:24-40. [PMID: 32592283 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Lactam antibiotics are generally perceived as one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century, and these small molecular compounds have saved millions of lives. However, upon clinical application of antibiotics, the β-lactamase secreted by pathogenic bacteria can lead to the gradual development of drug resistance. β-Lactamase is a hydrolase that can efficiently hydrolyze and destroy β-lactam antibiotics. It develops and spreads rapidly in pathogens, and the drug-resistant bacteria pose a severe threat to human health and development. As a result, detecting and inhibiting the activities of β-lactamase are of great value for the rational use of antibiotics and the treatment of infectious diseases. At present, many specific detection methods and inhibitors of β-lactamase have been developed and applied in clinical practice. In this Minireview, we describe the resistance mechanism of bacteria producing β-lactamase and further summarize the fluorogenic probes, inhibitors of β-lactamase, and their applications in the treatment of infectious diseases. It may be valuable to design fluorogenic probes with improved selectivity, sensitivity, and effectiveness to further identify the inhibitors for β-lactamases and eventually overcome bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xuchun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Anhui, Bengbu, 233000, P. R. China
| | - Xiamin Cheng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China.,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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Ding Y, Li Z, Xu C, Qin W, Wu Q, Wang X, Cheng X, Li L, Huang W. Fluorogenic Probes/Inhibitors of β‐Lactamase and their Applications in Drug‐Resistant Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Xuchun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Engineering University of Science and Technology of Anhui Bengbu 233000 P. R. China
| | - Xiamin Cheng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME) Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
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Species and drug susceptibility profiles of staphylococci isolated from healthy children in Eastern Uganda. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229026. [PMID: 32053668 PMCID: PMC7018018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci are a key component of the human microbiota, and they mainly colonize the skin and anterior nares. However, they can cause infection in hospitalized patients and healthy individuals in the community. Although majority of the Staphylococcus aureus strains are coagulase-positive, some do not produce coagulase, and the isolation of coagulase-positive non-S. aureus isolates in humans is increasingly being reported. Therefore, sound knowledge of the species and characteristics of staphylococci in a given setting is important, especially isolates from children and immunocompromised individuals. The spectrum of Staphylococcus species colonizing children in Uganda is poorly understood; here, we aimed to determine the species and characteristics of staphylococci isolated from children in Eastern Uganda. Seven hundred and sixty four healthy children less than 5 years residing in Iganga and Mayuge districts in Eastern Uganda were enrolled. A total of 513 staphylococci belonging to 13 species were isolated from 485 children (63.5%, 485/764), with S. aureus being the dominant species (37.6%, 193/513) followed by S. epidermidis (25.5%, 131/513), S. haemolyticus (2.3%, 12/513), S. hominis (0.8%, 4/513) and S. haemolyticus/lugdunensis (0.58%, 3/513). Twenty four (4.95%, 24/485) children were co-colonized by two or more Staphylococcus species. With the exception of penicillin, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates were low; all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid and daptomycin. The prevalence of methicillin resistance was 23.8% (122/513) and it was highest in S. haemolyticus (66.7%, 8/12) followed by S. aureus (28.5%, 55/193) and S. epidermidis (23.7%, 31/131). The prevalence of multidrug resistance was 20.3% (104/513), and 59% (72/122) of methicillin resistant staphylococci were multidrug resistant. Four methicillin susceptible S. aureus isolates and a methicillin resistant S. scuiri isolate were mupirocin resistant (high-level). The most frequent AMR genes were mecA, vanA, ant(4')-Ia, and aac(6')-Ie- aph(2'')-Ia, pointing to presence of AMR drivers in the community.
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A High Resolution DNA Melting Curve Analysis for the Rapid and Efficient Molecular Diagnostics of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Determinants from Foodborne Escherichia coli. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8010090. [PMID: 31936584 PMCID: PMC7023082 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate identification of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) genes in Gram-negative bacteria is necessary for surveillance and epidemiological studies of transmission through foods. We report a novel rapid, cheap, and accurate closed tube molecular diagnostic tool based on two multiplex HRM protocols for analysis of the predominant ESBL families encountered in foods. The first multiplex PCR assay targeted blaCTX-M including phylogenetic groups 1 (CTX-M-1-15, including CTX-M-1, CTX-M-3 and CTX-M-15), 2 (CTX-M-2), and 9 (CTX-M-9-14, including CTX-M-9 and CTX-M-14). The second assay involved blaTEM /bla CTX-M /blaSHV, including TEM variants (TEM-1 and TEM-2), SHV-1-56 (SHV-1, SHV-2 and SHV-56), and CTX-M-8-41 (CTX-M-8, CTX-M-25, CTX-M-26 and CTX-M-39 to CTX-M-41). The individual melting curves were differentiated by a temperature shift according to the type of ESBL gene. The specificity and sensitivity of the first assay were 100% and 98%, respectively. For the second assay, the specificity and sensitivity were 87% and 89%, respectively. The detection of ESBL variants or mutations in existing genes was also demonstrated by the subtyping of a variant of the CTXM-1-15. The HRM is a potential tool for the rapid detection of present β-lactamase genes and their characterization in a highly sensitive, closed-tube, inexpensive method that is applicable in high throughput studies.
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Abstract
The study of hospital wastewater (HWW) microbiology is important to understand the pollution load, growth of particular pathogenic microbes, shift and drift in microbial community, development and spread of antibiotic resistance in microbes, and subsequent change in treatment efficiencies. This chapter investigates the potential microbes such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites present in HWW along with the diseases associated and methods of treatment used. Due to the indiscriminate release of antibiotics from hospitals, HWW serves as a hotspot for emergence of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistance bacteria. This chapter discusses the ARGs occurrence in HWW, their prevalence in the environment, the molecular tools used for identification, and different mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer. Thus better understanding of the microbiology of HWW could further help in development of advanced treatment technologies for effective removal of microbes and their bioproducts (toxins and infectious nucleic acid) from HWW and contaminated water.
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Bhanothu V, Venkatesan V. Conventional polymerase chain reaction and amplification refractory mutation system-multi-gene/ multi-primer PCR in the diagnosis of female genital tuberculosis. Arch Microbiol 2019; 201:267-281. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Domínguez-Pérez RA, De la Torre-Luna R, Ahumada-Cantillano M, Vázquez-Garcidueñas MS, Pérez-Serrano RM, Martínez-Martínez RE, Guillén-Nepita AL. Detection of the antimicrobial resistance genes blaTEM-1, cfxA, tetQ, tetM, tetW and ermC in endodontic infections of a Mexican population. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 15:20-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Zhang S, Piepers S, Shan R, Cai L, Mao S, Zou J, Ali T, De Vliegher S, Han B. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance profiles in Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolated from bovine clinical mastitis in 5 provinces of China. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:3344-3355. [PMID: 29397161 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is among the most prevalent and costly diseases of dairy animals and is caused by a variety of bacterial pathogens including Streptococcus dysgalactiae. However, comprehensive studies reporting the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. dysgalactiae isolated from bovine mastitis are scarce. Therefore, this study was to investigate the occurrence of S. dysgalactiae associated with bovine clinical mastitis, to assess their antimicrobial resistance profiles, and to analyze the phenotypic and genotypic profiling of resistant isolates. In total, 1,180 milk samples were collected from dairy cows with clinical mastitis belonging to 74 commercial dairy herds located in 14 provinces of China from January 2014 to May 2016. Overall S. dysgalactiae isolates were recovered from 88 (7.5%) of the mastitic milk samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates was tested against 8 antimicrobial agents by using minimum inhibitory concentrations. Results showed that 82 (93.2%) isolates expressed resistance to more than one antimicrobial agent. Antimicrobial resistance was highest against kanamycin (89.8%), sulfonamide (83.0%), and streptomycin (58.0%), which can be attributed to the intrinsic resistance for most of Streptococcus spp. against those antimicrobial substances. Strikingly, 30 (34.1%) and 12 (13.6%) isolates were found resistant to cephalexin and ceftriaxone, respectively. BlaTEM, ermB, and tetM were the most prevalent resistance genes. All isolates carried at least one of all tested resistance genes. Also, 1.1, 12.5, 18.2, 36.4, and 31.8% of isolates were positive for at least one tested resistance gene in 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 classes of antimicrobials. Survival analysis showed a significant association between ermB and survival of the S. dysgalactiae isolates at increasing erythromycin concentrations. No other statistically significant associations were observed between the phenotypic and genotypic resistance profiles. This study concludes a considerable prevalence of S. dysgalactiae associated with bovine mastitis in dairy herds of China and these isolates exhibited high resistance rates to tested antimicrobials, coupled with high occurrence of resistance genes. Both the prevalence of S. dysgalactiae and their antimicrobial resistance profiles strongly varied among dairy herds, demonstrating the need for antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance at the herd level to ensure optimal therapeutic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Sofie Piepers
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ruixue Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lingjie Cai
- Animal Health Cattle, Boehringer Ingelheim International Trading (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 18/F Building A, Pingan International Financial Center 3, South Xinyuan Road, Beijing, 100027, China
| | - Shuanglan Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Tariq Ali
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Sarne De Vliegher
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bo Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
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Montanaro L, Baldassarri L, Corazzari T, Creti R, Ravaioli S, Cangini I, Pirini V, Maso A, Donati MELENA, Pegreffi F, Visai L, Campoccia D, Speziale P, Arciola CR. Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Gene Detected in a Staphylococcus Aureus Strain Isolated from a Knee Arthroprosthesis Infection. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 32:630-4. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880903200912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This report focuses on the molecular characterization of a Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated from a knee arthroprosthesis infection and recognized retrospectively as a carrier of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene. The stored microbiological isolate, which belonged to the strain collection of the Research Unit on Implant Infections of the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, was retrieved for molecular analysis. Genotyping was carried out, revealing an interesting profile. In addition to the positivity for the Panton-Valentine toxin gene, the results indicated that the isolate belonged to the agr III group and was endowed with bbp and cna genes, both encoding for staphylococcal adhesins that bind bone proteins. The strain had the mecA gene for methicillin resistance, even though it was unable to resist any of the β-lactam or other antibiotics. Its gene configuration matched that of other community-acquired methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA and CA-MSSA) strains which have recently been reported worldwide. As far as we know, this is the first report on a PVL-positive S. aureus strain associated with an orthopedic implant (knee arthroprosthesis) infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Montanaro
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Experimental Pathology Department, University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
| | - Lucilla Baldassarri
- Respiratory and Systemic Disease Unit, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immuno-mediated Diseases, National Health Institute, Rome - Italy
| | - Tolmino Corazzari
- Laboratory of Medical Physics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena - Italy
| | - Roberta Creti
- Respiratory and Systemic Disease Unit, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immuno-mediated Diseases, National Health Institute, Rome - Italy
| | - Stefano Ravaioli
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Experimental Pathology Department, University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
| | - Ilaria Cangini
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Experimental Pathology Department, University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
| | - Valter Pirini
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
| | - Alessandra Maso
- Microbiological Analysis Section of the Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
| | - M. ELENA Donati
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Currently at the Microbiological Analysis Section of the Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
| | - Francesco Pegreffi
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia - Italy
| | - Davide Campoccia
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
| | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia - Italy
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Experimental Pathology Department, University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
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Gómez RF, Castillo A, Chávez-Vivas M. Characterization of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter ssp. strains isolated from medical intensive care units in Cali - Colombia. COLOMBIA MEDICA (CALI, COLOMBIA) 2017; 48:183-190. [PMID: 29662260 PMCID: PMC5896725 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v48i4.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The extensive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multi-resistant strains in some species of the genus Acinetobacter. Objective To investigate the molecular characteristics of multidrug-resistant of Acinetobacter ssp. strains isolated from 52 patients collected between March 2009 and July 2010 in medical intensive care units in Cali - Colombia. Methods The susceptibility to various classes of antibiotics was determined by disc diffusion method, and the determination of the genomic species was carried out using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and by sequencing of the 16s rDNA gene. Also, the genes of beta-lactamases as well as, integrases IntI1 and IntI2 were analyzed by PCR method. Results The phenotypic identification showed that the isolates belong mainly to A. calcoaceticus- A. baumannii complex. All of them were multi-resistant to almost the whole antibiotics except to tigecycline and sulperazon, and they were grouped into five (I to V) different antibiotypes, being the antibiotype I the most common (50.0%). The percent of beta-lactamases detected was: blaTEM (17.3%), blaCTX-M (9.6%), blaVIM (21.2%), blaIMP (7.7%), blaOXA-58 (21.2%), and blaOXA-51 (21.2%). The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the isolates were clustering to A. baumannii (74.1%), A. nosocomialis (11.1%) and A. calcoaceticus (7.4 %). Besides, the integron class 1 and class 2 were detected in 23.1% and 17.3% respectively. Conclusion The isolates were identified to species A. baumanii mainly, and they were multiresistant. The resistance to beta-lactams may be by for presence of beta-lactamases in the majority of the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rómel Fabian Gómez
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología Molecular y Enfermedades Infecciosas (GIMMEIN). Universidad Libre, seccional Cali. Colombia
| | - Andres Castillo
- Departamento de Biología. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas. Universidad del Valle, Cali. Colombia
| | - Mónica Chávez-Vivas
- Grupo Microambiente Libre Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas. Facultad de Salud. Universidad Santiago de Cali. Cali. Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas. Universidad Libre de Cali, Colombia
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Sulyok KM, Bekő K, Kreizinger Z, Wehmann E, Jerzsele Á, Rónai Z, Turcsányi I, Makrai L, Szeredi L, Jánosi S, Nagy SÁ, Gyuranecz M. Development of molecular methods for the rapid detection of antibiotic susceptibility of Mycoplasma bovis. Vet Microbiol 2017; 213:47-57. [PMID: 29292003 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Determining the antibiotic susceptibility profile of Mycoplasma bovis isolates in vitro provides the basis for the appropriate choice of antibiotics in the therapy. Traditionally, the antibiotic susceptibility examination of mycoplasmas is technically demanding, time-consuming and rarely performed in diagnostic laboratories. The aim of the present study was to develop rapid molecular assays to determine mutations responsible for elevated minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, aminocyclitols, macrolides, lincosamides, phenicols and pleuromutilins in M. bovis. The nine mismatch amplification mutation assays (MAMA) and seven high resolution melt (HRM) tests designed in the present study enable the simultaneous detection of these genetic markers. The sensitivity of the assays varied between 102-105 copy numbers/reaction. Cross-reactions with other mycoplasmas occurring in cattle were detected in assays targeting universal regions (e.g. 16S rRNA). Nevertheless, results of the novel method were in accordance with sequence and MICs data of the M. bovis pure cultures. Also, the tests of clinical samples containing high amount of M. bovis DNA were congruent even in the presence of other Mycoplasma spp. The presented method is highly cost-effective and can provide an antibiogram to 12 antibiotics in approximately 3-4 days when previous isolation of M. bovis is applied. In order to assure the proper identification of the genetic markers at issue, the regions examined by the MAMA and HRM tests are overlapping. In conclusion, the developed assays have potential to be used in routine diagnostics for the detection of antibiotic susceptibility in M. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga M Sulyok
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, 1143, Hungária körút 21, Hungary
| | - Katinka Bekő
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, 1143, Hungária körút 21, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Kreizinger
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, 1143, Hungária körút 21, Hungary
| | - Enikő Wehmann
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, 1143, Hungária körút 21, Hungary
| | - Ákos Jerzsele
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, István utca 2, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Rónai
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, 1143, Tábornok utca 2, Hungary
| | - Ibolya Turcsányi
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, 1143, Tábornok utca 2, Hungary
| | - László Makrai
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, István utca 2, Hungary
| | - Levente Szeredi
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, 1143, Tábornok utca 2, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Jánosi
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, 1143, Tábornok utca 2, Hungary
| | - Sára Ágnes Nagy
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, 1143, Hungária körút 21, Hungary
| | - Miklós Gyuranecz
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, 1143, Hungária körút 21, Hungary.
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Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characterization of Escherichia coli recovered from frozen game meat. Food Microbiol 2017; 63:164-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Valsdottir F, Elfarsdottir Jelle A, Gudlaugsson O, Hilmarsdottir I. Long-lasting outbreak due to CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST336 in a rehabilitation ward: report and literature review. J Hosp Infect 2017; 97:42-51. [PMID: 28454769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whereas Klebsiella species are the most frequently occurring agents in nosocomial outbreaks due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms, very few outbreaks have been reported from rehabilitation wards. AIM To describe a long-lasting outbreak due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL) Klebsiella pneumoniae in a rehabilitation ward. METHODS ESBL K. pneumoniae from all in- and outpatients whose specimens were tested at a tertiary care university hospital between 2007 and 2012 were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and selected isolates were submitted to multi-locus sequence typing and ESBL genotyping. Outbreak characteristics and infection control interventions were summarized. The literature was searched for K. pneumoniae-related outbreaks in rehabilitation wards. FINDINGS ESBL K. pneumoniae was detected in 69 out of 2478 K. pneumoniae-positive patients (2.8%) during the study period. Eight related outbreak clones from 35 patients, 25 of whom were in the rehabilitation ward, produced CTX-M-15 and belonged to ST336. The outbreak lasted for more than three years and was controlled by sequentially increasing measures culminating in review of all patient-related care, compulsory educational meetings for personnel, profession-specific guidelines and educational flyers for patients. CONCLUSION Half of ESBL K. pneumoniae-positive patients identified over six years at a tertiary care university hospital harboured related clones, and more than a third were hospitalized in a rehabilitation ward. Rehabilitation wards pose particular challenges for infection control because of patient dependency and an environment that encourages socializing. They are, however, rarely involved in K. pneumoniae-related outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Valsdottir
- Department of Microbiology, Landspítali - The University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - A Elfarsdottir Jelle
- Department of Infection Control, Landspítali - The University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - O Gudlaugsson
- Department of Infection Control, Landspítali - The University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - I Hilmarsdottir
- Department of Microbiology, Landspítali - The University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
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Teethaisong Y, Eumkeb G, Chumnarnsilpa S, Autarkool N, Hobson J, Nakouti I, Hobbs G, Evans K. Phenotypic detection of AmpC β-lactamases, extended-spectrum β-lactamases and metallo-β-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae using a resazurin microtitre assay with inhibitor-based methods. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:1079-1087. [PMID: 27481506 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of antibiotic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae mediated by AmpC β-lactamase, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) is clinically significant. A simple and relatively quick method for the detection of these resistance phenotypes would greatly improve chemotherapeutic recommendation. This technology would provide valuable input in our surveillance of resistance on a global stage, particularly if the methodology could be applicable to resource-poor settings. A resazurin microtitre plate (RMP) assay incorporating cloxacillin, clavulanic acid and EDTA for the rapid phenotypic identification of AmpC, ESBL and MBL and the co-existence of β-lactamases has been developed. A total of 47 molecularly characterized Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates producing AmpCs, ESBLs, co-producers of ESBL and AmpC, MBLs and co-producers of ESBL and MBL were phenotypically examined using the RMP assay. The ceftazidime- and cefotaxime-based RMP assays successfully detected all 16 AmpC, 14 ESBL and 9 MBL producers, 6 ESBL-AmpC co-producers and 2 ESBL-MBL co-producers without false-positive results. The ceftazidime-based assay was more reliable in detecting AmpC alone, while the cefotaxime-based assay performed better in identifying co-producers of ESBL and AmpC. There was no difference in the detection of ESBL and MBL producers. The findings of the present study suggest that use of the RMP assay with particular β-lactamase inhibitors explicitly detects three different β-lactamases, as well as co-existence of β-lactamases, within 6 h of initial isolation of the pathogen. This assay is applicable to carry out in any laboratory, is cost-effective and is easy to interpret. It could be implemented in screening patients and controlling infection and for surveillance purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yothin Teethaisong
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.,School of Pharmacology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Griangsak Eumkeb
- School of Pharmacology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sakesit Chumnarnsilpa
- School of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Nongluk Autarkool
- School of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.,Faculty of Medical Science, Nakhon Ratchasima College, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Jon Hobson
- Mast Group Ltd, Bootle, Liverpool L20 1EA, UK
| | - Ismini Nakouti
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Glyn Hobbs
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Katie Evans
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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Ljungquist O, Ljungquist D, Myrenås M, Rydén C, Finn M, Bengtsson B. Evidence of household transfer of ESBL-/pAmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae between humans and dogs - a pilot study. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2016; 6:31514. [PMID: 27330043 PMCID: PMC4916256 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v6.31514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (ESCRE) are an increasing healthcare problem in both human and veterinary medicine. The spread of ESCRE is complex with multiple reservoirs and different transmission routes. The aim of this study was to investigate if ESCRE carriage in dogs is more prevalent in households with a known human carrier, compared to households where humans are known to be negative for ESCRE. Identical ESCRE strains in humans and dogs of the same household would suggest a possible spread between humans and dogs. Methods Twenty-two dog owners with a positive rectal culture for ESCRE each collected a rectal sample from their dog. In addition, a control group of 29 healthy dog owners with a documented negative rectal culture for ESCRE each sampled their household dog. Samples were cultivated for ESCRE using selective methods. In households where both humans and dogs carried ESCRE, isolates were further analysed for antimicrobial susceptibility by disc diffusion or microdilution and for genotype and genetic relatedness using molecular methods. Results In 2 of 22 households studied, identical ESCRE strains with respect to bacterial species, antibiogram, genotype, and MLVA type were found in humans and dogs. The ESCRE found in the two households were ESBL-producing E. coli with the resistance gene blaCTX-M-27 and AmpC-producing E. coli with blaCMY-2, blaTEM-1. ESCRE were not found in dogs in the control group. Conclusions In households where humans are carrying ESCRE, identical strains were to a limited extent found also in household dogs, indicating a transfer between humans and dogs. In contrast, ESCRE were not found in dogs in households without human carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Ljungquist
- Department of Infectious Disease, Helsingborg's Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden;
| | | | | | - Cecilia Rydén
- Department of Infectious Disease, Helsingborg's Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Maria Finn
- Swedish National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
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Carvalho T, Van Der Sand S. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the endophytic actinomycete R18(6) against multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2016; 88:155-63. [PMID: 26871499 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201620140655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic actinomycetes are promising sources of antimicrobial substances. This study evaluates the activity of metabolites produced by the endophytic actinomycete R18(6) against Gram-negative bacteria multiresistant to antimicrobials. R18(6) isolate was grown in submerged cultures under different conditions: carbon source, temperature, pH and incubation time to optimize antimicrobials production. The actinomycete grown in base medium supplemented with 1% glucose, pH 6.5 and incubation at 30 ºC for 96 h with shaking at 100 rpm, exhibited the highest activity against the used Gram-negative bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the crude extract produced by the microorganism varied between 1/32 and 1/256. It had bactericide or bacteriostatic activity, depending on the Gram-negative organism. The active extract was stable at high temperatures, and unstable in medium containing proteolytic enzymes. Micromorphology of R18(6) was investigated by optical and scan microscopy, revealing that it was morphologically similar to the genusStreptomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiele Carvalho
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Sueli Van Der Sand
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among pregnant women in Norway: prevalence and maternal-neonatal transmission. J Perinatol 2015; 35:907-12. [PMID: 26507147 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2015.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study (i) the prevalence and risk factors for carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) in pregnant women, (ii) the maternal-neonatal transmission rate of ESBL-E at birth and (iii) the prevalence of ESBL-E in expressed breast milk of colonized mothers. STUDY DESIGN In this cross-sectional, population-based study with case follow-up on maternal-neonatal transmission of ESBL-E, women were screened for rectal ESBL-E colonization at 36 weeks of pregnancy and delivery. Possible risk factors for colonization were studied by logistic regression. Infants of ESBL-E-positive mothers were screened for ESBL-E during their first weeks of life. ESBL-encoding genes were detected by PCR and clonal relatedness was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoreses. RESULTS In total, 26 out of 901 (2.9%) women were colonized by ESBL-producing Escherichia coli at 36 weeks of pregnancy. One of the women carried an additional ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae strain. Adjusted for traveling, African or Asian nationality was a risk factor for colonization; OR=5.62 (2.21, 14.27) (LR-p=0.003). Fourteen women remained ESBL-E carriers at delivery. ESBL-E strains indistinguishable from the strains isolated from their respective mothers were detected in 5 (35.7%) infants during their first days of life (median day 3; range=2 to 8). A total of 146 expressed milk samples were cultured from 25 out of 26 colonized mothers, all were ESBL-E negative. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of ESBL-E carriage among pregnant women was low in our region, but the high maternal-neonatal transmission rate suggests that colonized mothers represent a substantial risk for infant colonization.
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Rasmussen MM, Opintan JA, Frimodt-Møller N, Styrishave B. Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli Isolates in Imported and Locally Produced Chicken Meat from Ghana. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139706. [PMID: 26461270 PMCID: PMC4603670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in food animals is of public health concern, because resistant zoonotic pathogens can be transmitted to humans. Furthermore, global trade with food may rapidly spread multi-resistant pathogens between countries and even continents. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether imported chicken meat and meat from locally reared chicken are potential sources for human exposure to multi resistant Escherichia coli isolates. 188 samples from imported and locally produced chicken meat were sampled and analyzed. 153 bacteria isolates were successfully cultured and identified as E. coli using MALDI-ToF. Of these 109 isolates were from meat whereas the remaining 44 were isolated from the cloaca of locally reared live chickens. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done on the identified E. coli isolates. Additionally, beta-lactamases production (ESBL and/or AmpC) were phenotypically confirmed on all isolates showing resistance to cefpodoxime. Beta-lactamase producing (BLP) E. coli meat isolates were further genotyped. Antimicrobial resistance to four antibiotic markers with highest resistance was detected more frequently in isolates from local chickens compared to imported chickens (tetracycline 88.9% vs. 57.5%, sulphonamide 75.0% vs. 46.6%, ampicillin 69.4% vs. 61.6% and trimethoprim 66.7% vs. 38.4%). Beta-lactamase production was found in 29 E. coli meat isolates, with 56.9% of them being multiple drug resistant (≥ 3). The predominant phylogroup identified was B1 followed by A and D, with similar distribution among the isolates from meat of locally reared chickens and imported chickens. Beta-lactamase producing genotype blaCTX-M-15 (50%; 10/20) was the most frequently drug resistant gene detected. More BLP E. coli isolates were found in imported chicken meat compared to locally reared chickens, demonstrating that these isolates may be spreading through food trade. In conclusion, both imported and locally produced chicken meats are potential sources for human exposure to BLP E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Marie Rasmussen
- Toxicology Laboratory, Analytical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Japheth A. Opintan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, P. O. Box KB 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | - Niels Frimodt-Møller
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Styrishave
- Toxicology Laboratory, Analytical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Punina NV, Makridakis NM, Remnev MA, Topunov AF. Whole-genome sequencing targets drug-resistant bacterial infections. Hum Genomics 2015; 9:19. [PMID: 26243131 PMCID: PMC4525730 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-015-0037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past two decades, the technological progress of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) had changed the fields of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, and, currently, is changing the underlying principles, approaches, and fundamentals of Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Economics, and national productivity. Today’s WGS technologies are able to compete with conventional techniques in cost, speed, accuracy, and resolution for day-to-day control of infectious diseases and outbreaks in clinical laboratories and in long-term epidemiological investigations. WGS gives rise to an exciting future direction for personalized Genomic Epidemiology. One of the most vital and growing public health problems is the emerging and re-emerging of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections in the communities and healthcare settings, reinforced by a decline in antimicrobial drug discovery. In recent years, retrospective analysis provided by WGS has had a great impact on the identification and tracking of MDR microorganisms in hospitals and communities. The obtained genomic data are also important for developing novel easy-to-use diagnostic assays for clinics, as well as for antibiotic and therapeutic development at both the personal and population levels. At present, this technology has been successfully applied as an addendum to the real-time diagnostic methods currently used in clinical laboratories. However, the significance of WGS for public health may increase if: (a) unified and user-friendly bioinformatics toolsets for easy data interpretation and management are established, and (b) standards for data validation and verification are developed. Herein, we review the current and future impact of this technology on diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and control of MDR infectious bacteria in clinics and on the global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Punina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - N M Makridakis
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - M A Remnev
- The Federal State Unitary Enterprise All-Russia Research Institute of Automatics, Moscow, 127055, Russia
| | - A F Topunov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 119071, Russia
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Interhospital spread of NDM-7-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae belonging to ST437 in Spain. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2015; 46:169-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Schneider G, Czeller M, Rostás V, Kovács T. Microbial fuel cell-based diagnostic platform to reveal antibacterial effect of beta-lactam antibiotics. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 73-74:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Njage PMK, Buys EM. Pathogenic and commensal Escherichia coli from irrigation water show potential in transmission of extended spectrum and AmpC β-lactamases determinants to isolates from lettuce. Microb Biotechnol 2015; 8:462-73. [PMID: 25488608 PMCID: PMC4408178 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There are few studies on the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases and AmpC β-lactamases (ESBL/AmpC) in bacteria that contaminate vegetables. The role of the production environment in ESBL/AmpC gene transmission is poorly understood. The occurrence of ESBL/AmpC in Escherichia coli (n = 46) from lettuce and irrigation water and the role of irrigation water in the transmission of resistant E. coli were studied. The presence of ESBL/AmpC, genetic similarity and phylogeny were typed using genotypic and phenotypic techniques. The frequency of β-lactamase gene transfer was studied in vitro. ESBLs/AmpC were detected in 35 isolates (76%). Fourteen isolates (30%) produced both ESBLs/AmpC. Prevalence was highest in E. coli from lettuce (90%). Twenty-two isolates (48%) were multi-resistant with between two and five ESBL/AmpC genes. The major ESBL determinant was the CTX-M type (34 isolates). DHA (33% of isolates) were the dominant AmpC β lactamases. There was a high conjugation efficiency among the isolates, ranging from 3.5 × 10(-2) to 1 × 10(-2) ± 1.4 × 10(-1) transconjugants per recipient. Water isolates showed a significantly higher conjugation frequency than those from lettuce. A high degree of genetic relatedness between E. coli from irrigation water and lettuce indicated possible common ancestry and pathway of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M K Njage
- Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria Lynwood RoadPretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Elna M Buys
- Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria Lynwood RoadPretoria, 0002, South Africa
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Löhr IH, Hülter N, Bernhoff E, Johnsen PJ, Sundsfjord A, Naseer U. Persistence of a pKPN3-like CTX-M-15-encoding IncFIIK plasmid in a Klebsiella pneumonia ST17 host during two years of intestinal colonization. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116516. [PMID: 25738592 PMCID: PMC4349654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the CTX-M-15-encoding plasmid in a Klebsiella pneumoniae ST17 strain, responsible for an outbreak at a Norwegian neonatal intensive care unit and subsequent colonization of affected children for up to two years. To identify plasmid-mediated features relevant for the outbreak dynamics, and to investigate the plasmids capability of horizontal transfer, its segregational stability and plasmid-mediated fitness costs. METHODS Plasmid profiling was performed by S1-nuclease PFGE, PCR-based replicon typing and Southern blot-hybridization. The complete sequence of the CTX-M-15-encoding plasmid was obtained by 454 sequencing. Plasmid self-transferability was investigated by broth- and filter mating, segregational stability was explored by serial passage, and plasmid-conferred fitness costs were examined in pairwise head-to-head competitions and by growth rate comparisons. RESULTS CTX-M-15 was encoded by a ~180 kb IncFIIK plasmid in K. pneumoniae ST17. S1-nuclease PFGE profiles of the first and the last CTX-M-15-producing K. pneumoniae isolates, recovered from the four children colonized the longest, suggested that the plasmid was stably maintained during intestinal carriage of up to two years. The DNA sequence of the pKPN3-like plasmid, pKp848CTX, uncovered a Tn3-like antibiotic resistance region and multiple heavy metal- and thermoresistance determinants. Plasmid pKp848CTX could not be transferred to Escherichia coli in vitro and we found no evidence to support horizontal plasmid transfer in vivo. Segregational plasmid loss ranging from 0.83% to 17.5% was demonstrated in evolved populations in vitro, but only minor fitness costs were associated with plasmid-carriage. CONCLUSIONS Plasmid pKp848CTX encodes phenotypic traits, which may have had an impact on the fitness and survival of the K. pneumoniae ST17 strain in the outbreak setting. The antibiotic resistance plasmid pKp848CTX was stably maintained during two years of intestinal colonization, conferring negligible fitness cost to its host, and thus seem well adapted to its K. pneumoniae host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iren Høyland Löhr
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Nils Hülter
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eva Bernhoff
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Pål Jarle Johnsen
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Arnfinn Sundsfjord
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Umaer Naseer
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Food-borne Infections, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Fournier PE, Dubourg G, Raoult D. Clinical detection and characterization of bacterial pathogens in the genomics era. Genome Med 2014; 6:114. [PMID: 25593594 PMCID: PMC4295418 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-014-0114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of genome sequences obtained using next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the field of infectious diseases. Indeed, more than 38,000 bacterial and 5,000 viral genomes have been sequenced to date, including representatives of all significant human pathogens. These tremendous amounts of data have not only enabled advances in fundamental biology, helping to understand the pathogenesis of microorganisms and their genomic evolution, but have also had implications for clinical microbiology. Here, we first review the current achievements of genomics in the development of improved diagnostic tools, including those that are now available in the clinic, such as the design of PCR assays for the detection of microbial pathogens, virulence factors or antibiotic-resistance determinants, or the design of optimized culture media for 'unculturable' pathogens. We then review the applications of genomics to the investigation of outbreaks, either through the design of genotyping assays or the direct sequencing of the causative strains. Finally, we discuss how genomics might change clinical microbiology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Edouard Fournier
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS7278, IRD198, InsermU1095, Institut hospitalo-universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Faculté de Medecine, 27 Blvd Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13385, cedex 5 France
| | - Gregory Dubourg
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS7278, IRD198, InsermU1095, Institut hospitalo-universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Faculté de Medecine, 27 Blvd Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13385, cedex 5 France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS7278, IRD198, InsermU1095, Institut hospitalo-universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Faculté de Medecine, 27 Blvd Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13385, cedex 5 France
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Duse A, Waller KP, Emanuelson U, Unnerstad HE, Persson Y, Bengtsson B. Risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli from preweaned dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2014; 98:500-16. [PMID: 25465547 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to investigate calf and farm factors associated with antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in the feces of preweaned dairy calves in Sweden. In particular, we investigated the effects of feeding calves colostrum and milk from cows treated with antimicrobials. The secondary objective was to describe the prevalence of resistant E. coli in feces of preweaned dairy calves in Sweden. Fecal samples from 3 calves, aged 7 to 28d, from 243 farms were analyzed for the within-sample prevalence of E. coli resistant to nalidixic acid, streptomycin, and cefotaxime using selective agars supplemented with antimicrobials. In addition, resistance to 12 antimicrobials was tested in one randomly selected E. coli isolate per calf. Information was collected from the farmers via questionnaires regarding the use of colostrum and milk from cows treated with antimicrobials as calf feed and other uses of antimicrobials in the herd. Multivariable zero-inflated negative binomial and logistic regression models were used to assess the effect of various risk factors for shedding of resistant E. coli. Escherichia coli resistant to streptomycin, nalidixic acid, or cefotaxime were isolated from 90, 49, and 11% of the calves, respectively. Resistance to at least one antimicrobial was found in a random isolate of E. coli from 48% of the calves. Feeding colostrum from cows treated with antimicrobials at drying off did not affect the prevalence of resistant E. coli. In contrast, feeding milk from cows treated with antimicrobials during lactation resulted in significantly more nalidixic acid- and streptomycin-resistant E. coli than when such milk was discarded; no significant effect was seen for other resistance traits. Furthermore, an interaction was found between feeding milk from cows treated with antimicrobials and use of fluoroquinolones in cows. In general, the prevalence of resistance was lower for older calves and calves on small farms. Other factors that were associated with the shedding of resistant E. coli were administration of oral dihydrostreptomycin to calves, administration of systemic tetracycline and ceftiofur to cows and calves, housing of the calves, predominant breed of the herd, and geographic location of the farm. The presence of resistant E. coli in calves was clearly due to multiple factors, but minimizing the feeding of milk from cows treated with antimicrobials during lactation should lower the prevalence of resistant E. coli in the gastrointestinal tract of the calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Duse
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Karin Persson Waller
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Emanuelson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helle Ericsson Unnerstad
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ylva Persson
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden; Växa Sverige, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Bengtsson
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
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Smolina I, Miller NS, Frank-Kamenetskii MD. PNA-based microbial pathogen identification and resistance marker detection: An accurate, isothermal rapid assay based on genome-specific features. ARTIFICIAL DNA, PNA & XNA 2014; 1:76-82. [PMID: 21686242 DOI: 10.4161/adna.1.2.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
With the rapidly growing availability of the entire genome sequences of microbial pathogens, there is unmet need for increasingly sensitive systems to monitor the gene-specific markers for diagnosis of bacteremia that enables an earlier detection of causative agent and determination of drug resistance. To address these challenges, a novel FISH-type genomic sequence-based molecular technique is proposed that can identify bacteria and simultaneously detect antibiotic resistance markers for rapid and accurate testing of pathogens. The approach is based on a synergistic combination of advanced Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA)-based technology and signal-enhancing Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA) reaction to achieve a highly specific and sensitive assay. A specific PNA-DNA construct serves as an exceedingly selective and very effective biomarker, while RCA enhances detection sensitivity and provide with a highly multiplexed assay system. Distinct-color fluorescent decorator probes are used to identify about 20-nucleotide-long signature sequences in bacterial genomic DNA and/or key genetic markers of drug resistance in order to identify and characterize various pathogens. The technique's potential and its utility for clinical diagnostics are illustrated by identification of S. aureus with simultaneous discrimination of methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) versus methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains. Overall these promising results hint to the adoption of PNA-based rapid sensitive detection for diagnosis of other clinically relevant organisms. Thereby, new assay enables significantly earlier administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy and may, thus have a positive impact on the outcome of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Smolina
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Department of Biomedical Engineering; Boston University; Boston, MA USA
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Reich F, Atanassova V, Klein G. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and AmpC-producing enterobacteria in healthy broiler chickens, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19:1253-9. [PMID: 23876576 PMCID: PMC3739521 DOI: 10.3201/eid1908.120879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During 2010, we evaluated the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase– and AmpC-producing enterobacteria in broiler chickens at slaughter. Samples (70 carcasses and 51 ceca) from 4 flocks were analyzed by direct plating and after enrichment. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers were found in 88.6% and 72.5% of carcasses and ceca, respectively; AmpC producers were found in 52.9% and 56.9% of carcasses and ceca, respectively. Most isolates were identified as Escherichia coli; Enterobacter cloacae (cecum) and Proteus mirabilis (carcass) were found in 2 samples each. Molecular characterization revealed the domination of CTX-M genes; plasmidic AmpC was CIT-like. Phylogenetic grouping of E. coli showed types A (31.5%), B1 (20.2%), B2 (13.5%), and D (34.8%). These findings provide evidence that healthy broilers in Germany are a source for the dissemination of transmissible resistance mechanisms in enterobacteria brought from the rearing environment into the food chain during slaughtering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Reich
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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The Occurrence of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM Genes in Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Positive Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis in Poland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/935842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes are important pathogens of infections. Increasing numbers of ESBL-producing bacterial strains exhibiting multidrug resistance have been observed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM genes among ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis strains and to examine susceptibility to antibiotics of tested strains. In our study, thirty-six of the tested strains exhibited blaCTX-M genes (blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-3, blaCTX-M-91, and blaCTX-M-89). Moreover, twelve ESBL-positive strains harbored blaSHV genes (blaSHV-18, blaSHV-7, blaSHV-2, and blaSHV-5), and the presence of a blaTEM gene (blaTEM-1) in twenty-five ESBL-positive strains was revealed. Among K. pneumoniae the multiple ESBL genotype composed of blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-3, blaSHV-18, blaSHV-7, blaSHV-2, and blaSHV-5 genes encoding particular ESBL variants was observed. Analysis of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics revealed that, among β-lactam antibiotics, the most effective against E. coli strains was meropenem (100%), whereas K. pneumoniae were completely susceptible to ertapenem and meropenem (100%), and P. mirabilis strains were susceptible to ertapenem (91.7%). Moreover, among non-β-lactam antibiotics, gentamicin showed the highest activity to E. coli (91.7%) and ciprofloxacin the highest to K. pneumoniae (83.3%). P. mirabilis revealed the highest susceptibility to amikacin (66.7%).
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