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Colombo E, De Angelis A, Bassani C, Ruffini F, Ottoboni L, Garzetti L, Finardi A, Martino G, Furlan R, Farina C. iAstrocytes do not restrain T cell proliferation in vitro. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:33. [PMID: 37286983 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00806-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between T cells and astrocytes occurring under physiological and, even more, neuroinflammatory conditions may profoundly impact the generation of adaptive immune responses in the nervous tissue. In this study, we used a standardized in vitro co-culture assay to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of astrocytes differing for age, sex, and species. Mouse neonatal astrocytes enhanced T cell vitality but suppressed T lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogenic stimuli or myelin antigens, regardless of the Th1, Th2 or Th17 T cell phenotype. Studies comparing glia cells from adult and neonatal animals showed that adult astrocytes were more efficient in inhibiting T lymphocyte activation than neonatal astrocytes, regardless of their sex. Differently from primary cultures, mouse and human astrocytes derived from reprogrammed fibroblasts did not interfere with T cell proliferation. Overall, we describe a standardized astrocyte-T cell interaction in vitro assay and demonstrate that primary astrocytes and iAstrocytes may differ in modulating T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Colombo
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Anthea De Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Bassani
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ruffini
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Ottoboni
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Livia Garzetti
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Finardi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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Liao Y, Liu B, Jin C, Liao X, Zhang Z. Exploring the Correlation of Abnormal CXCL9 Expression with Immune Infiltration in Glioma and Patient Prognosis Based on TCGA and GTEx Databases. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:2413-2424. [PMID: 36449138 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we intend to identify key immune-related genes (IRGs) in gliomas using the TCGA and GTEx databases. Following collection of the RNA-seq data of lower-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma (GBM) patients from the TCGA and GTEx databases, the differentially expressed IRGs (DE-IRGs) were screened. The ESTIMATE algorithm was utilized to evaluate StromalScore and ImmuneScore of LGG and GBM samples and a multifactorial Cox risk model was constructed to identify the related risk genes. The core IRGs of LGG and GBM were screened through a PPI network, followed by exploration of their correlation with glioma prognosis. The relationship between IRGs and immune cells in LGG and GBM was detected. In vitro assays were performed to detect the effect of CXCL9 on glioma cell development. We screened 403 and 492 DE-IRGs in LGG and GBM. StromalScore and ImmuneScore were related to overall survival in LGG, but not in GBM. CXCL9 was identified as a core gene in LGG and GBM and shared association with the prognosis of gliomas. Furthermore, a correlation was found between CXCL9 and immune infiltration of LGG and GBM. Glioma cell proliferation and invasion could be inhibited by silencing of CXCL9. Overall, CXCL9 is correlated to the prognosis of glioma patients and may accelerate glioma development via immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinbin Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Chekhonin IV, Chistiakov DA, Grinenko NF, Gurina OI. Glioma Cell and Astrocyte Co-cultures As a Model to Study Tumor–Tissue Interactions: A Review of Methods. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:1179-1195. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Khabbazi S, Nassar ZD, Goumon Y, Parat MO. Morphine decreases the pro-angiogenic interaction between breast cancer cells and macrophages in vitro. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31572. [PMID: 27514308 PMCID: PMC4981855 DOI: 10.1038/srep31572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the various cell types that constitute a solid tumour are essential to the biology of the tumour. We evaluated the effect of morphine on the proangiogenic interaction taking place between macrophages and breast cancer cells in vitro. The conditioned medium (CM) from breast cancer cells co-cultured with macrophages elicited endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation. This effect was inhibited if the co-culture occurred in the presence of morphine. The CM from breast cancer cells or macrophages grown individually, whether or not prepared in the presence of morphine, was ineffective in stimulating EC proliferation or tube formation. Using a mouse antibody array, we identified several angiogenesis-regulating factors differentially expressed in the CM of co-cultured cells prepared in the presence or absence of morphine, amongst which interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. VEGF was induced in both cell types by the co-culture and this was prevented by morphine in a non-naloxone reversible fashion. The effect of CM from co-cultured cells on endothelial tube formation, but not proliferation, was prevented by anti-VEGF neutralizing antibody. Our results indicate that morphine prevents, in part via modulating VEGF-A expression, the pro-angiogenic interaction between macrophages and breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Khabbazi
- University of Queensland School of Pharmacy, PACE, 20 Cornwall Street. Woollloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Zeyad D. Nassar
- University of Queensland School of Pharmacy, PACE, 20 Cornwall Street. Woollloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Yannick Goumon
- CNRS UPR3212, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Odile Parat
- University of Queensland School of Pharmacy, PACE, 20 Cornwall Street. Woollloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
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Gonda DD, Cheung VJ, Muller KA, Goyal A, Carter BS, Chen CC. The Cancer Genome Atlas expression profiles of low-grade gliomas. Neurosurg Focus 2014; 36:E23. [DOI: 10.3171/2012.12.focus12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Differentiating between low-grade gliomas (LGGs) of astrocytic and oligodendroglial origin remains a major challenge in neurooncology. Here the authors analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) profiles of LGGs with the goal of identifying distinct molecular characteristics that would afford accurate and reliable discrimination of astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors. They found that 1) oligodendrogliomas are more likely to exhibit the glioma-CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP), relative to low-grade astrocytomas; 2) relative to oligodendrogliomas, low-grade astrocytomas exhibit a higher expression of genes related to mitosis, replication, and inflammation; and 3) low-grade astrocytic tumors harbor microRNA profiles similar to those previously described for glioblastoma tumors. Orthogonal intersection of these molecular characteristics with existing molecular markers, such as IDH1 mutation, TP53 mutation, and 1p19q status, should facilitate accurate and reliable pathological diagnosis of LGGs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karra A. Muller
- 2Neuropathology, University of California, San Diego, California
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Immune privilege as an intrinsic CNS property: astrocytes protect the CNS against T-cell-mediated neuroinflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:320519. [PMID: 24023412 PMCID: PMC3760105 DOI: 10.1155/2013/320519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes have many functions in the central nervous system (CNS). They support differentiation and homeostasis of neurons and influence synaptic activity. They are responsible for formation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and make up the glia limitans. Here, we review their contribution to neuroimmune interactions and in particular to those induced by the invasion of activated T cells. We discuss the mechanisms by which astrocytes regulate pro- and anti-inflammatory aspects of T-cell responses within the CNS. Depending on the microenvironment, they may become potent antigen-presenting cells for T cells and they may contribute to inflammatory processes. They are also able to abrogate or reprogram T-cell responses by inducing apoptosis or secreting inhibitory mediators. We consider apparently contradictory functions of astrocytes in health and disease, particularly in their interaction with lymphocytes, which may either aggravate or suppress neuroinflammation.
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Mamik MK, Ghorpade A. Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP) 2 and p38 regulate the expression of chemokine CXCL8 in human astrocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45596. [PMID: 23029125 PMCID: PMC3448633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCL8, one of the first chemokines found in the brain, is upregulated in the brains and cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-1 infected individuals suggesting its potential role in human immune deficiency virus (HIV)-associated neuroinflammation. Astrocytes are known to be the major contributors to the CXCL8 pool. Interleukin (IL)-1β activated astrocytes exhibit significant upregulation of CXCL8. In order to determine the signaling pathways involved in CXCL8 regulation in astrocytes, we employed pharmacological inhibitors for non-receptor Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP) 2 and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway and observed reduced expression of CXCL8 following IL-1β stimulation. Overexpression of SHP2 and p38 enzymes in astrocytes led to elevated CXCL8 expression; however, inactivating SHP2 and p38 with dominant negative mutants abrogated CXCL8 induction. Furthermore, SHP2 overexpression resulted in higher SHP2 and p38 enzyme activity whereas p38 overexpression resulted in higher p38 but not SHP2 enzyme activity. Phosphorylation of SHP2 was important for phosphorylation of p38, which in turn was critical for phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK). Thus, our findings suggest an important role for SHP2 in CXCL8 expression in astrocytes during inflammation, as SHP2, directly or indirectly, modulates p38 and ERK MAPK in the signaling cascade leading to CXCL8 production. This study provides detailed understanding of the mechanisms involved in CXCL8 production during neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet K. Mamik
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anuja Ghorpade
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
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