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Aktar S, Islam F, Cheng T, Gamage SMK, Choudhury IN, Islam MS, Lu CT, Hamid FB, Ishida H, Abe I, Xie N, Gopalan V, Lam AK. Correlation between KRAS Mutation and CTLA-4 mRNA Expression in Circulating Tumour Cells: Clinical Implications in Colorectal Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1808. [PMID: 37761948 PMCID: PMC10530465 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination strategies of KRAS inhibition with immunotherapy in treating advanced or recurrent colorectal carcinoma (CRC) may need to be assessed in circulating tumour cells (CTCs) to achieve better clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the genomic variations of KRAS in CTCs and matched CRC tissues and compared mRNA expression of KRAS and CTLA-4 between wild-type and KRAS-mutated CTCs and CRC tissues. Clinicopathological correlations were also compared. Six known mutations of KRAS were identified at both codon 12 and codon 13 (c.35G>T/G12V, c.35G>A7/G12D, c.35G>C/G12A, c.34G>A/G12S, c.38G>C/G13A, and c.38G>A/G13D). Three CTC samples harboured the identified mutations (16.7%; 3/18), while fifteen matched primary tumour tissues (65.2%, 15/23) showed the mutations. CTCs harbouring the KRAS variant were different from matched CRC tissue. All the mutations were heterozygous. Though insignificant, CTLA-4 mRNA expression was higher in patients carrying KRAS mutations. Patients harbouring KRAS mutations in CTCs were more likely to have poorly differentiated tumours (p = 0.039) and with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.027) and perineural invasion (p = 0.014). KRAS mutations in CTCs were also significantly correlated with overall pathological stages (p = 0.027). These findings imply the genetic basis of KRAS with immunotherapeutic target molecules based on a real-time platform. This study also suggests the highly heterogeneous nature of cancer cells, which may facilitate the assessment of clonal dynamics across a single patient's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Aktar
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (S.A.); (T.C.); (S.M.K.G.); (M.S.I.); (F.B.H.); (H.I.); (I.A.); (N.X.)
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh;
| | - Tracie Cheng
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (S.A.); (T.C.); (S.M.K.G.); (M.S.I.); (F.B.H.); (H.I.); (I.A.); (N.X.)
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Sujani Madhurika Kodagoda Gamage
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (S.A.); (T.C.); (S.M.K.G.); (M.S.I.); (F.B.H.); (H.I.); (I.A.); (N.X.)
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia
| | - Indra Neil Choudhury
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Md Sajedul Islam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (S.A.); (T.C.); (S.M.K.G.); (M.S.I.); (F.B.H.); (H.I.); (I.A.); (N.X.)
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Barishal, Barishal 8254, Bangladesh
| | - Cu Tai Lu
- Department of Surgery, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia;
| | - Faysal Bin Hamid
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (S.A.); (T.C.); (S.M.K.G.); (M.S.I.); (F.B.H.); (H.I.); (I.A.); (N.X.)
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Hirotaka Ishida
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (S.A.); (T.C.); (S.M.K.G.); (M.S.I.); (F.B.H.); (H.I.); (I.A.); (N.X.)
| | - Ichiro Abe
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (S.A.); (T.C.); (S.M.K.G.); (M.S.I.); (F.B.H.); (H.I.); (I.A.); (N.X.)
| | - Nan Xie
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (S.A.); (T.C.); (S.M.K.G.); (M.S.I.); (F.B.H.); (H.I.); (I.A.); (N.X.)
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (S.A.); (T.C.); (S.M.K.G.); (M.S.I.); (F.B.H.); (H.I.); (I.A.); (N.X.)
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Alfred K. Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (S.A.); (T.C.); (S.M.K.G.); (M.S.I.); (F.B.H.); (H.I.); (I.A.); (N.X.)
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
- Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia
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Li J, Lan Z, Liao W, Horner JW, Xu X, Liu J, Yoshihama Y, Jiang S, Shim HS, Slotnik M, LaBella KA, Wu CJ, Dunner K, Hsu WH, Lee R, Khanduri I, Terranova C, Akdemir K, Chakravarti D, Shang X, Spring DJ, Wang YA, DePinho RA. Histone demethylase KDM5D upregulation drives sex differences in colon cancer. Nature 2023; 619:632-639. [PMID: 37344599 PMCID: PMC10529424 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Sex exerts a profound impact on cancer incidence, spectrum and outcomes, yet the molecular and genetic bases of such sex differences are ill-defined and presumptively ascribed to X-chromosome genes and sex hormones1. Such sex differences are particularly prominent in colorectal cancer (CRC) in which men experience higher metastases and mortality. A murine CRC model, engineered with an inducible transgene encoding oncogenic mutant KRASG12D and conditional null alleles of Apc and Trp53 tumour suppressors (designated iKAP)2, revealed higher metastases and worse outcomes specifically in males with oncogenic mutant KRAS (KRAS*) CRC. Integrated cross-species molecular and transcriptomic analyses identified Y-chromosome gene histone demethylase KDM5D as a transcriptionally upregulated gene driven by KRAS*-mediated activation of the STAT4 transcription factor. KDM5D-dependent chromatin mark and transcriptome changes showed repression of regulators of the epithelial cell tight junction and major histocompatibility complex class I complex components. Deletion of Kdm5d in iKAP cancer cells increased tight junction integrity, decreased cell invasiveness and enhanced cancer cell killing by CD8+ T cells. Conversely, iAP mice engineered with a Kdm5d transgene to provide constitutive Kdm5d expression specifically in iAP cancer cells showed an increased propensity for more invasive tumours in vivo. Thus, KRAS*-STAT4-mediated upregulation of Y chromosome KDM5D contributes substantially to the sex differences in KRAS* CRC by means of its disruption of cancer cell adhesion properties and tumour immunity, providing an actionable therapeutic strategy for metastasis risk reduction for men afflicted with KRAS* CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexi Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhengdao Lan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenting Liao
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - James W Horner
- TRACTION Platform, Division of Therapeutics Discovery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xueping Xu
- TRACTION Platform, Division of Therapeutics Discovery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jielin Liu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yohei Yoshihama
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- TRACTION Platform, Division of Therapeutics Discovery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hong Seok Shim
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Max Slotnik
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyle A LaBella
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chang-Jiun Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth Dunner
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wen-Hao Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rumi Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isha Khanduri
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Terranova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kadir Akdemir
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deepavali Chakravarti
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Denise J Spring
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Alan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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El agy F, el Bardai S, El Otmani I, Benbrahim Z, Karim IMH, Mazaz K, Benjelloun EB, Ousadden A, El Abkari M, Ibrahimi SA, Chbani L. Mutation status and prognostic value of KRAS and NRAS mutations in Moroccan colon cancer patients: A first report. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248522. [PMID: 33784337 PMCID: PMC8009361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the incidence of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations in the Moroccan population, and investigate the associations of KRAS and NRAS gene mutations with clinicopathological characteristics and their prognosis value. To achieve these objectives, we reviewed medical and pathology reports for 210 patients. RAS testing was investigated by Sanger sequencing and Pyrosequencing technology. BRAF (exon 15) status was analyzed by the Sanger method. The expression of MMR proteins was evaluated by Immunohistochemistry. KRAS and NRAS mutations were found in 36.7% and 2.9% of 210 patients, respectively. KRAS exon 2 mutations were identified in 76.5% of the cases. RAS-mutated colon cancers were significantly associated with female gender, presence of vascular invasion, classical adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated tumors, advanced TNM stage III-IV, left colon site, higher incidence of distant metastases at the time of diagnostic, microsatellite stable phenotype, lower number of total lymph nodes, and higher means of positive lymph nodes and lymph node ratio. KRAS exon 2-mutated colon cancers, compared with KRAS wild-type colon cancers were associated with the same clinicopathological features of RAS-mutated colon cancers. NRAS-mutated patients were associated with lower total lymph node rate and the presence of positive lymph node. Rare RAS-mutated tumors, compared with wild-type tumors were more frequently moderately differentiated and associated with lower lymph node rate. We found that KRAS codon 13-mutated, tumors compared to codon 12-mutated tumors were significantly correlated with a higher death cases number, a lower rate of positive lymph, lower follow-up time, and poor overall survival. Our findings show that KRAS and NRAS mutations have distinct clinicopathological features. KRAS codon 13-mutated status was the worst predictor of prognosis at all stages in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima El agy
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
- Laboratory of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Hassan II, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
- * E-mail:
| | - Sanae el Bardai
- Laboratory of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Hassan II, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ihsane El Otmani
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
- Laboratory of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Hassan II, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, University Hospital Hassan II, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Zineb Benbrahim
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Hassan II, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ibn Majdoub Hassani Karim
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Hassan II, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Khalid Mazaz
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Hassan II, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - El Bachir Benjelloun
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Hassan II, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdelmalek Ousadden
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Hassan II, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Abkari
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Hassan II, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Sidi Adil Ibrahimi
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Hassan II, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Laila Chbani
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
- Laboratory of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Hassan II, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Clinicopathological Features and Prognostic Value of KRAS/NRAS/BRAF Mutations in Colorectal Cancer Patients of Central China. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:118-126. [PMID: 33582915 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in China, with high mortality. Here, we aimed to evaluate the latest clinicopathological features and prognostic value of the KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutation status in CRC patients in Central China. The clinical data of 1549 CRC patients with stage I-IV disease diagnosed at Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from 2015 to 2017 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutations were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) in 410 CRC patients, with mutation frequencies of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF of 47.56%, 2.93% and 4.15%, respectively. The gene mutation status and clinicopathological characteristics of 410 patients with CRC who underwent qPCR were analyzed. The KRAS and BRAF gene mutations were related to the pathological differentiation and number of metastatic lymph nodes. The BRAF gene mutation was also associated with cancer thrombosis in blood vessels. Cox regression analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the overall survival (OS) between patients with KRAS, NRAS mutants and wild-type CRC patients, while the BRAF gene mutation was negatively correlated with the OS rate of CRC patients. It is suggested that the BRAF gene mutation may be an independent risk factor for the prognosis of CRC.
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Role of Key Guidelines in an Era of Precision Oncology: A Primer for the Radiologist. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2021; 216:1112-1125. [PMID: 33502227 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.20.23025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to familiarize radiologists with the evidence-based imaging guidelines of major oncologic societies and organizations and to discuss approaches to effective implementation of the most recent guidelines in daily radiology practice. CONCLUSION. In an era of precision oncology, radiologists in practice and radiologists in training are key stakeholders in multidisciplinary care, and their awareness and understanding of society guidelines is critically important.
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Lu JW, Raghuram D, Fong PSA, Gong Z. Inducible Intestine-Specific Expression of kras V12 Triggers Intestinal Tumorigenesis In Transgenic Zebrafish. Neoplasia 2018; 20:1187-1197. [PMID: 30390498 PMCID: PMC6215966 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations are a major risk factor in colorectal cancers. In particular, a point mutation of KRAS of amino acid 12, such as KRASV12, renders it stable activity in oncogenesis. We found that krasV12 promotes intestinal carcinogenesis by generating a transgenic zebrafish line with inducible krasV12 expression in the intestine, Tg(ifabp:EGFP-krasV12). The transgenic fish generated exhibited significant increases in the rates of intestinal epithelial outgrowth, proliferation, and cross talk in the active Ras signaling pathway involving in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These results provide in vivo evidence of Ras pathway activation via krasV12 overexpression. Long-term transgenic expression of krasV12 resulted in enteritis, epithelial hyperplasia, and tubular adenoma in adult fish. This was accompanied by increased levels of the signaling proteins p-Erk and p-Akt and by downregulation of the EMT marker E-cadherin. Furthermore, we also observed a synergistic effect of krasV12 expression and dextran sodium sulfate treatment to enhance intestinal tumor in zebrafish. Our results demonstrate that krasV12 overexpression induces intestinal tumorigenesis in zebrafish, which mimics intestinal tumor formation in humans. Thus, our transgenic zebrafish may provide a valuable in vivo platform that can be used to investigate tumor initiation and anticancer drugs for gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Wei Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Divya Raghuram
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Mody K, Bekaii-Saab T. Clinical Trials and Progress in Metastatic Colon Cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2018; 27:349-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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Boutin AT, Liao WT, Wang M, Hwang SS, Karpinets TV, Cheung H, Chu GC, Jiang S, Hu J, Chang K, Vilar E, Song X, Zhang J, Kopetz S, Futreal A, Wang YA, Kwong LN, DePinho RA. Oncogenic Kras drives invasion and maintains metastases in colorectal cancer. Genes Dev 2017; 31:370-382. [PMID: 28289141 PMCID: PMC5358757 DOI: 10.1101/gad.293449.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer mortality and frequently harbors activating mutations in the KRAS gene. To understand the role of oncogenic KRAS in CRC, we engineered a mouse model of metastatic CRC that harbors an inducible oncogenic Kras allele (Krasmut ) and conditional null alleles of Apc and Trp53 (iKAP). The iKAP model recapitulates tumor progression from adenoma through metastases. Whole-exome sequencing revealed that the Krasmut allele was heterogenous in primary tumors yet homogenous in metastases, a pattern consistent with activated Krasmut signaling being a driver of progression to metastasis. System-level and functional analyses revealed the TGF-β pathway as a key mediator of Krasmut -driven invasiveness. Genetic extinction of Krasmut resulted in specific elimination of the Krasmut subpopulation in primary and metastatic tumors, leading to apoptotic elimination of advanced invasive and metastatic disease. This faithful CRC model provides genetic evidence that Krasmut drives CRC invasion and maintenance of metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Boutin
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Wen-Ting Liao
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Melody Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Soyoon Sarah Hwang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Tatiana V Karpinets
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hannah Cheung
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Gerald C Chu
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kyle Chang
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Y Alan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lawrence N Kwong
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Hafez MM, Alhoshani AR, Al-Hosaini KA, Alsharari SD, Al Rejaie SS, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Al-Shabanah OA. SKP2/P27Kip1 pathway is associated with Advanced Ovarian Cancer in Saudi Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:5807-15. [PMID: 26320455 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.14.5807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy and constitutes the fifth leading cause of female cancer death. Some biological parameters have prognostic roles in patients with advanced ovarian cancer and their expression may contribute to tumor progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential prognostic value of SKP2, genes P27Kip1, K-ras, c-Myc, COX2 and HER2 genes expression in ovarian cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was performed on two hundred formalin fixed paraffin embedded ovarian cancer and normal adjacent tissues (NAT). Gene expression levels were assessed using real time PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS Elevated expression levels of SKP2, K-ras, c-Myc, HER2 and COX2 genes were observed in 61.5% (123/200), 92.5% (185/200), 74% (148/200), 96 % (192/200), 90% (180/200) and 78.5% (157/200) of cancer tissues, respectively. High expression of SKP2 and down-regulation of P27 was associated with advanced stages of cancer. CONCLUSIONS The association between high expression of c-Myc and SKP2 with low expression of P27 suggested that the Skp2-P27 pathway may play an important role in ovarian carcinogenesis. Reduced expression of P27 is associated with advanced stage of cancer and can be used as a biological marker in clinical routine assessment and management of women with advanced ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Hafez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail :
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10
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Ilm K, Kemmner W, Osterland M, Burock S, Koch G, Herrmann P, Schlag PM, Stein U. High MACC1 expression in combination with mutated KRAS G13 indicates poor survival of colorectal cancer patients. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:38. [PMID: 25742883 PMCID: PMC4335361 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) gene has been identified as prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we aimed at the refinement of risk assessment by separate and combined survival analyses of MACC1 expression with any of the markers KRAS mutated in codon 12 (KRAS G12) or codon 13 (KRAS G13), BRAF V600 mutation and MSI status in a retrospective study of 99 CRC patients with tumors UICC staged I, II and III. Findings We showed that only high MACC1 expression (HR: 6.09, 95% CI: 2.50-14.85, P < 0.001) and KRAS G13 mutation (HR: 5.19, 95% CI: 1.06-25.45, P = 0.042) were independent prognostic markers for shorter metastasis-free survival (MFS). Accordingly, Cox regression analysis revealed that patients with high MACC1 expression and KRAS G13 mutation exhibited the worst prognosis (HR: 14.48, 95% CI: 3.37-62.18, P < 0.001). Patients were classified based on their molecular characteristics into four clusters with significant differences in MFS (P = 0.003) by using the SPSS 2-step cluster function and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Conclusion According to our results, patients with high MACC1 expression and mutated KRAS G13 exhibited the highest risk for metachronous metastases formation. Moreover, we demonstrated that the “Traditional pathway” with an intermediate risk for metastasis formation can be further subdivided by assessing MACC1 expression into a low and high risk group with regard to MFS prognosis. This is the first report showing that identification of CRC patients at high risk for metastasis is possible by assessing MACC1 expression in combination with KRAS G13 mutation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0316-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ilm
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str.10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Kemmner
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str.10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marc Osterland
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str.10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Susen Burock
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Gudrun Koch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str.10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Pia Herrmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str.10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str.10, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Ahmad A, Askari S, Befekadu R, Hahn-Strömberg V. Investigating the association between polymorphisms in connective tissue growth factor and susceptibility to colon carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2493-503. [PMID: 25502877 PMCID: PMC4337474 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been numerous studies on the gene expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in colorectal cancer, however very few have investigated polymorphisms in this gene. The present study aimed to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CTGF gene are associated with a higher susceptibility to colon cancer and/or an invasive tumor growth pattern. The CTGF gene was genotyped for seven SNPs (rs6918698, rs1931002, rs9493150, rs12526196, rs12527705, rs9399005 and rs12527379) by pyrosequencing. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples (n=112) from patients diagnosed with colon carcinoma, and an equal number of blood samples from healthy controls, were selected for genomic DNA extraction. The complexity index was measured using images of tumor samples (n=64) stained for cytokeratin-8. The images were analyzed and correlated with the identified CTGF SNPs and clinicopathological parameters of the patients, including age, gender, tumor penetration, lymph node metastasis, systemic metastasis, differentiation and localization of tumor. It was demonstrated that the frequency of the SNP rs6918698 GG genotype was significantly associated (P=0.05) with an increased risk of colon cancer, as compared with the GC and CC genotypes. The other six SNPs (rs1931002, rs9493150, rs12526196, rs12527705, rs9399005 and rs12527379) exhibited no significant difference in the genotype and allele frequencies between patients diagnosed with colon carcinoma and the normal healthy population. A trend was observed between genotype variation at rs6918698 and the complexity index (P=0.052). The complexity index and genotypes for any of the studied SNPs were not significantly correlated with clinical or pathological parameters of the patients. These results indicate that the rs6918698 GG genotype is associated with an increased risk of developing colon carcinoma, and genetic variations at the rs6918698 are associated with the growth pattern of the tumor. The present results may facilitate the identification of potential biomarkers of the disease in addition to drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro 701 81, Sweden
| | - Shlear Askari
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro 701 81, Sweden
| | - Rahel Befekadu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section for Transfusion Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro 701 85, Sweden
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12
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Rosenthal MH, Kim KW, Fuchs CS, Meyerhardt JA, Ramaiya NH. Relationships between KRAS mutation status and baseline radiographic distribution of disease in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer. ABDOMINAL IMAGING 2014; 39:1261-6. [PMID: 24906690 PMCID: PMC4346357 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-014-0165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE KRAS oncogene testing is recommended in all patients with metastatic colorectal cancer due to its impact on treatment selection, but we do not know if KRAS genotype affects extent or pattern of metastases. We investigated whether the initial radiographic distribution of disease varies by KRAS genotype in stage IV colorectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study of 65 patients with stage IV colorectal cancer was derived from an institutional clinical trials database. Inclusion criteria required KRAS testing and pretreatment CT studies to be available. Disease burden was characterized by two radiologists. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the initial distribution of disease between KRAS mutant and wild type tumors (P > 0.05). Exploratory analyses showed that patients with poorly differentiated histology had a statistically significant increase in hepatic metastases in the presence of KRAS mutations vs. KRAS wild type genotype (median 5.0 vs. 0.5, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS No overall difference was found in the initial radiographic distribution of disease between KRAS mutant and wild type colorectal cancers. Patients with both poorly differentiated histology and KRAS mutations had more liver metastases in subgroup analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Rosenthal
- Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA,
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13
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Liu Q, Zhao S, Su PF, Yu S. Gene and isoform expression signatures associated with tumor stage in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2013; 7 Suppl 5:S7. [PMID: 24564989 PMCID: PMC4028983 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-7-s5-s7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Identification of expression alternations between early and late stage cancers is helpful for understanding cancer development and progression. Much research has been done focusing on stage-dependent gene expression profiles. In contrast, relatively fewer studies on isoform expression profiles have been performed due to the difficulty of quantification and noisy splicing. Here we conducted both gene- and isoform-level analysis on RNA-seq data of 234 stage I and 81 stage IV kidney renal clear cell carcinoma patients, aiming to uncover the stage-dependent expression signatures and investigate the advantage of isoform expression profiling for identifying advanced stage cancers and predicting clinical outcome. Results Both gene and isoform expression signatures are useful for distinguishing cancer stages. They provide common and unique information associated with cancer progression and metastasis. Combining gene and isoform signatures even improves the classification performance and reveals additional important biological processes, such as angiogenesis and TGF−beta signaling pathway. Moreover, expression abundance of a number of genes and isoforms is predictive of the risk of cancer death in an independent dataset, such as gene and isoform expression of ITPKA, the expression of a functional important isoform of UPS19. Conclusion Isoform expression profiling provides unique and important information which cannot be detected by gene expression profiles. Combining gene and isoform expression signatures helps to identify advanced stage cancers, predict clinical outcome, and present a comprehensive view of cancer development and progression.
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Jiang MC, Yeh CM, Tai CJ, Chen HC, Lin SH, Su TC, Shen SC, Lee WR, Liao CF, Li LT, Lee CH, Chen YC, Yeh KT, Chang CC. CSE1L modulates Ras-induced cancer cell invasion: correlation of K-Ras mutation and CSE1L expression in colorectal cancer progression. Am J Surg 2013; 206:418-27. [PMID: 23806821 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ras plays an important role in colorectal cancer progression. CSE1L (chromosome segregation 1-like) gene maps to 20q13, a chromosomal region that correlates with colorectal cancer development. We investigated the association of CSE1L with Ras in colorectal cancer progression. METHODS The effect of CSE1L on metastasis-stimulating activity of Ras was studied in an animal model with tumor cells expressing CSE1L-specific shRNA and v-H-Ras. CSE1L expression was evaluated by the immunohistochemical analysis of 127 surgically resected colorectal tumors. K-Ras mutations were analyzed by direct sequencing. RESULTS CSE1L knockdown reduced Ras-induced metastasis of B16F10 melanoma cells in C57BL/6 mice. v-H-Ras expression altered the cellular trafficking of CSE1L and increased CSE1L secretion. Most colorectal tumors were positive for CSE1L staining (98.4%, 125 of 127). Colorectal tumors with K-Ras mutation or high cytoplasmic CSE1L expression were correlated with T status (depth of tumor penetration; P = .004), stage (P = .004), and lymph node metastasis (P = .019). CONCLUSIONS CSE1L may be a target for treating Ras-associated tumors. Analysis of K-Ras mutation and CSE1L expression may provide valuable clinical and pathological information to aid in the determination of treatment options for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chung Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Hsing-Yi District, Taiwan
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15
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Sinha R, Hussain S, Mehrotra R, Kumar RS, Kumar K, Pande P, Doval DC, Basir SF, Bharadwaj M. Kras gene mutation and RASSF1A, FHIT and MGMT gene promoter hypermethylation: indicators of tumor staging and metastasis in adenocarcinomatous sporadic colorectal cancer in Indian population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60142. [PMID: 23573237 PMCID: PMC3616004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Colorectal cancer (CRC) development involves underlying modifications at genetic/epigenetic level. This study evaluated the role of Kras gene mutation and RASSF1A, FHIT and MGMT gene promoter hypermethylation together/independently in sporadic CRC in Indian population and correlation with clinicopathological variables of the disease. Methods One hundred and twenty four consecutive surgically resected tissues (62 tumor and equal number of normal adjacent controls) of primary sporadic CRC were included and patient details including demographic characteristics, lifestyle/food or drinking habits, clinical and histopathological profiles were recorded. Polymerase chain reaction - Restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing for Kras gene mutation and Methylation Specific-PCR for RASSF1A, FHIT and MGMT genes was performed. Results Kras gene mutation at codon 12 & 13 and methylated RASSF1A, FHIT and MGMT gene was observed in 47%, 19%, 47%, 37% and 47% cases, respectively. Alcohol intake and smoking were significantly associated with presence of Kras mutation (codon 12) and MGMT methylation (p-value <0.049). Tumor stage and metastasis correlated with presence of mutant Kras codon 12 (p-values 0.018, 0.044) and methylated RASSF1A (p-values 0.034, 0.044), FHIT (p-values 0.001, 0.047) and MGMT (p-values 0.018, 0.044) genes. Combinatorial effect of gene mutation/methylation was also observed (p-value <0.025). Overall, tumor stage 3, moderately differentiated tumors, presence of lymphatic invasion and absence of metastasis was more frequently observed in tumors with mutated Kras and/or methylated RASSF1A, FHIT and MGMT genes. Conclusion Synergistic interrelationship between these genes in sporadic CRC may be used as diagnostic/prognostic markers in assessing the overall pathological status of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupal Sinha
- Department of Research, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida, India
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
| | - Showket Hussain
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida, India
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Division of Cytopathology, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida, India
| | - R. Suresh Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida, India
| | - Kapil Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Pande
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Chandra Doval
- Department of Research, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
| | | | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida, India
- * E-mail:
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