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Alamri MM, Antonoglou GN, Proctor G, Balsa-Castro C, Tomás I, Nibali L. Biomarkers for diagnosis of stage III, grade C with molar incisor pattern periodontitis in children and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4929-4955. [PMID: 37535199 PMCID: PMC10492694 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the existing salivary, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), blood, and serum biomarkers associated with grade C molar-incisor pattern (C/MIP) periodontitis in systemically healthy children and young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies on stage III grade C periodontitis or former equivalent diagnosis with analysis of molecular biomarkers in saliva, GCF, blood, or serum were retrieved from six databases and screened based on the eligibility criteria. The risk of bias in included studies was evaluated. Meta-analysis was planned for biomarkers assessed using the same detection methods and sample type in at least two papers. RESULTS Out of 5621 studies identified at initial screening, 28 papers were included in the qualitative analysis of which 2 were eligible for meta-analysis for IgG in serum samples. Eighty-seven biomarkers were assessed with the majority being higher in cases than in controls. Only the meta-analysis of total serum IgG with low heterogeneity value revealed a significant increase in its levels in C/MIPs compared to controls (standardised mean difference: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.40). CONCLUSION There is a paucity of data on biomarkers associated with molar-incisor pattern periodontitis. Although serum IgG levels are raised, other more specific biomarkers in saliva, GCF, and blood/serum may be promising but require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaad M Alamri
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Georgios N Antonoglou
- Centre for Dental Education, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gordon Proctor
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carlos Balsa-Castro
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Research Institute Foundation of Santiago (FIDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Tomás
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Research Institute Foundation of Santiago (FIDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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Hbibi A, Bouziane A, Lyoussi B, Zouhdi M, Benazza D. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: From Basic to Advanced Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:45-67. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Dixitraj PT, Nayak A, Bansal S, Bhat K. Detection of antibodies against Prevotella Intermedia in patients with chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy individuals. DENTISTRY AND MEDICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/dmr.dmr_27_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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4
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Immunological and molecular techniques used for determination of serotypes in Pasteurellaceae. J Microbiol Methods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Nørskov-Lauritsen N, Claesson R, Jensen AB, Åberg CH, Haubek D. Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans: Clinical Significance of a Pathobiont Subjected to Ample Changes in Classification and Nomenclature. Pathogens 2019; 8:E243. [PMID: 31752205 PMCID: PMC6963667 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative bacterium that is part of the oral microbiota. The aggregative nature of this pathogen or pathobiont is crucial to its involvement in human disease. It has been cultured from non-oral infections for more than a century, while its portrayal as an aetiological agent in periodontitis has emerged more recently. A. actinomycetemcomitans is one species among a plethora of microorganisms that constitute the oral microbiota. Although A. actinomycetemcomitans encodes several putative toxins, the complex interplay with other partners of the oral microbiota and the suppression of host response may be central for inflammation and infection in the oral cavity. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on the clinical significance, classification, and characterisation of A. actinomycetemcomitans, which has exclusive or predominant host specificity for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rolf Claesson
- Department of Odontology, Division of Oral Microbiology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Anne Birkeholm Jensen
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Carola Höglund Åberg
- Department of Odontology, Division of Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dorte Haubek
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
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Cui X, Liu J, Xiao W, Chu Y, Ouyang X. Subgingival microbiome in Chinese patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis compared to healthy controls. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 101:92-99. [PMID: 30909081 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to profile the subgingival microbiome of Chinese adults with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) using human oral microbe identification microarray (HOMIM), and to compare the results with matched periodontal healthy controls. DESIGN 15 subjects with GAgP and 15 age- and gender- matched periodontal healthy controls were included. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from the deepest pockets of patients with GAgP and matched sites in controls and then analyzed by 16S rRNA-based microarrays. Student's paired t-test was used to compare clinical parameters and mean number of bacterial taxa detected between the two groups. Fisher's exact probability test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum were used to compare bacterial species between all samples. A multiple linear regression model was used for correlations among age, gender and bacterial with clinical parameters. RESULTS From a total sum of 379 strains tested, 171 bacterial strains were detected from subgingival plaques of the GAgP patients, more than the 157 strains detected in control group. Mean number of subgingival bacterial taxa detected in GAgP group was 68 (SD = 21.06) while in control group was 45 (SD = 21.60). 47 bacterial taxa were detected more frequently in GAgP group while 12 taxa were more prevalent in control group. The significantly more prevalent and abundant taxa of bacteria in GAgP group included Filifactor alocis, Desulfobulbus sp., Fretibacterium sp., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromon as endodontalis, Peptostreptococcaceae spp., Parvimonas micra, Eubacterium nodatum and Eubacterium saphenum. Meanwhile the more abundant taxa in control group were Streptococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CONCLUSIONS There are more taxa of bacteria in subgingival plaques of Chinese patients with GAgP than in healthy controls. F. alocis, Desulfobulbus sp., Fretibacterium sp., P. gingivalis and T. forsythia are strongly associated with GAgP. High-throughout microbiological results may help dentists have a better understanding of subgingival microbiome of GAgP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Cui
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianru Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenmei Xiao
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangying Ouyang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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Herbert BA, Steinkamp HM, Gaestel M, Kirkwood KL. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 2 Signaling Shapes Macrophage Plasticity in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-Induced Bone Loss. Infect Immun 2017; 85:e00552-16. [PMID: 27795356 PMCID: PMC5203644 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00552-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is associated with aggressive periodontal disease, which is characterized by inflammation-driven alveolar bone loss. A. actinomycetemcomitans activates the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) stress pathways in macrophages that are involved in host responses. During the inflammatory process in periodontal disease, chemokines are upregulated to promote recruitment of inflammatory cells. The objective of this study was to determine the role of MK2 signaling in chemokine regulation during A. actinomycetemcomitans pathogenesis. Utilizing a murine calvarial model, Mk2+/+ and Mk2-/- mice were treated with live A. actinomycetemcomitans bacteria at the midsagittal suture. MK2 positively regulated the following macrophage RNA: Emr1 (F4/80), Itgam (CD11b), Csf1r (M-CSF Receptor), Itgal (CD11a), Tnf, and Nos2 Additionally, RNA analysis revealed that MK2 signaling regulated chemokines CCL3 and CCL4 in murine calvarial tissue. Utilizing the chimeric murine air pouch model, MK2 signaling differentially regulated CCL3 and CCL4 in the hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic compartments. Bone resorption pits in calvaria, observed by micro-computed tomography, and osteoclast formation were decreased in Mk2-/- mice compared to Mk2+/+ mice after A. actinomycetemcomitans treatment. In conclusion, these data suggest that MK2 in macrophages contributes to regulation of chemokine signaling during A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced inflammation and bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany A Herbert
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and the Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Heidi M Steinkamp
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and the Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Keith L Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and the Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Characterization of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains in subgingival samples from periodontitis subjects in Morocco. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1809-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Contreras A, Moreno SM, Jaramillo A, Pelaez M, Duque A, Botero JE, Slots J. Periodontal microbiology in Latin America. Periodontol 2000 2014; 67:58-86. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Oettinger-Barak O, Sela MN, Sprecher H, Machtei EE. Clinical and microbiological characterization of localized aggressive periodontitis: a cohort study. Aust Dent J 2014; 59:165-71. [PMID: 24861390 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) is an infectious periodontal disease which generally affects young people. Recent data suggest the involvement of different bacterial species in different populations. The causative bacterial species in Israel has never been identified despite a high prevalence of LAgP in this population. The objectives of this study were to characterize the bacterial microbiota of periodontal pockets within an Israeli LAgP population who were also clinically assessed. METHODS Twenty-one LAgP patients (test) and 12 chronic periodontitis patients (control) were examined. Bacterial samples were collected from periodontal pockets and analysed by both culture and polymerase chain reaction techniques. Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test were used to compare results between the groups. RESULTS Higher levels of Parvimonas micra (>10(6) ), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (>10(5) ), Fusobacterium nucleatum/F. periodonticum (>10(6) ), and Tannerella forsythia (levels of 10(5) to 10(6) bacteria) were detected in the LAgP group compared to the control (p < 0.05), while levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia were higher in the CP group. CONCLUSIONS The characteristic periodontal bacterial flora of LAgP patients in Israel is mainly comprised of P. micra, A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum/F. periodonticum and T. forsythia. Similar population based studies of each population will improve the quality of treatment of LAgP when individual sampling is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Oettinger-Barak
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Oral Ecology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Mínguez M, Pousa X, Herrera D, Blasi A, Sánchez MC, León R, Sanz M. Characterization and serotype distribution of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans isolated from a population of periodontitis patients in Spain. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:1359-67. [PMID: 25201701 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is no study characterizing the variability of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans isolates in periodontitis patients in Spain. It is therefore the aim of this investigation to study the serotype distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains isolated from periodontitis patients in Spain. The polymorphism of the genes that codifies the leukotoxin and the operon of the cytolethal-distending toxin (cdt) will also be investigated. DESIGN From a total of 701 patients samples, 40 A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive periodontitis patients were included in the study (mean age 45.3, 62.5% females) and their clinical periodontal status was assessed. On average, 1-3 isolates from each patient were sub-cultured and characterized by PCR. RESULTS Using culture the prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was 5.7%. The most frequent serotype was "b", being 30 patients infected by a unique serotype, while 7 patients showed co-colonization, mostly with serotypes "a" and "b". From the 79 pure isolates obtained, 24 were from serotype "a", 30 from serotype "b", 12 from serotype "c" and 4 from serotype "d". Further characterization of these samples showed that none of these 79 isolates demonstrated the 530-bp deletion in the leukotoxin's promoter region that characterizes the JP2 strain. Conversely 65.8% of the isolates were cdt+. CONCLUSIONS The most common serotypes were "a" and "b", being serotype "b" the most prevalent in mono-colonization, while serotypes "e" and "f" were not detected. In the majority of samples, operon that codifies the cdt (65.8%) and the genes responsible for the codification of leukotoxin (100%) were found. None of the isolates were JP2 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mínguez
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xiana Pousa
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Herrera
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain; ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andrea Blasi
- Laboratory of Research, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Sánchez
- Laboratory of Research, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén León
- Laboratory of Research, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain; ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes infections and periodontal conditions: a two-way assessment. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 31:1311-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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13
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Henderson B, Ward JM, Ready D. Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans: a triple A* periodontopathogen? Periodontol 2000 2010; 54:78-105. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2009.00331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Gizani S, Papaioannou W, Haffajee AD, Kavvadia K, Quirynen M, Papagiannoulis L. Distribution of selected cariogenic bacteria in five different intra-oral habitats in young children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2009; 19:193-200. [PMID: 19207737 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2008.00956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the colonization patterns and composition of the oral microbiota can lead to a better understanding of disease initiation. AIM The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of selected cariogenic bacteria in samples from five different oral habitats in young Greek children. DESIGN Ninety-three children 3-12 years old (mean + SD 7.9 +/- 2.5) (60.2% male, 39.8% female) participated and split into three different age groups: primary (3-6 years), early mixed (6-9 years), and mixed dentition (9-12 years). Samples for bacterial enumeration were taken from saliva, supragingival and subgingival plaque, tongue dorsum, and soft tissues from each child, and were further analysed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. RESULTS Mean counts and proportions of all the test bacteria differed significantly among sample locations. Cariogenic bacteria were present in almost all healthy children. Mean proportions of Streptococcus mutans isolated from soft tissue and Streptococcus sanguinis from soft tissue, subgingival and saliva samples increased significantly with age, whereas the opposite was seen for Lactobacillus acidophilus. CONCLUSIONS Cariogenic bacteria were present in almost all young children. Soft tissues, saliva, and tongue were more often colonized by cariogenic streptococcal species than teeth. These surfaces may serve as reservoirs for oral pathogens, requiring attention during preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiria Gizani
- Department of Padiatric Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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15
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Rylev M, Kilian M. Prevalence and distribution of principal periodontal pathogens worldwide. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 35:346-61. [PMID: 18724862 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detailed genetic analysis of bacteria has demonstrated an unanticipated genetic diversity within species, which often reveals evolutionary lineages that are disproportionately associated with infection. There is evidence that some evolutionary lineages of bacteria have adapted to particular ethnic groups. AIM This review analyzes to what extent observed differences in periodontal disease prevalence among ethnically or geographically distinct populations may be explained by restricted host adaptation of clones of principal periodontal pathogens. RESULTS Carriage rates of several putative periodontal pathogens and particular subsets of these species vary between ethnic groups. Few of these differences can, with the limited information available, be directly related to differences in periodontal disease prevalence. Asian populations are regularly colonized with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype c with questionable pathogenic potential. Conversely, the JP2 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans has enhanced virulence and causes significantly higher prevalence of aggressive periodontitis in adolescents whose descent can be traced back to the Mediterranean and Western parts of Africa. Some genetically distinct types of Porphyromonas gingivalis are more associated with disease than others, but additional work is required to relate this to clinical differences. CONCLUSIONS Studies that take into account differences linked to the genetics of both patients and potential pathogens are likely to give better insight into the aetiology of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Rylev
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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van der Reijden WA, Bosch-Tijhof CJ, van der Velden U, van Winkelhoff AJ. Java project on periodontal diseases: serotype distribution of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and serotype dynamics over an 8-year period. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35:487-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Faveri M, Mayer MPA, Feres M, de Figueiredo LC, Dewhirst FE, Paster BJ. Microbiological diversity of generalized aggressive periodontitis by 16S rRNA clonal analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 23:112-8. [PMID: 18279178 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2007.00397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The purpose of this study was to determine the bacterial diversity in the subgingival plaque of subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis by using culture-independent molecular methods based on 16S ribosomal DNA cloning. METHODS Samples from 10 subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis were selected. DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified with the universal primer pairs 9F and 1525R. Amplified genes were cloned, sequenced, and identified by comparison with known 16S rRNA sequences. RESULTS One hundred and ten species were identified from 10 subjects and 1007 clones were sequenced. Of these, 70 species were most prevalent. Fifty-seven percent of the clone (40 taxa) sequences represented phylotypes for which no cultivated isolates have been reported. Several species of Selenomonas and Streptococcus were found at high prevalence and proportion in all subjects. Overall, 50% of the clone libraries were formed by these two genera. Selenomonas sputigena, the species most commonly detected, was found in nine of 10 subjects. Other species of Selenomonas were often present at high levels, including S. noxia, Selenomonas sp. EW084, Selenomonas sp. EW076, Selenomonas FT050, Selenomonas sp. P2PA_80, and Selenomonas sp. strain GAA14. The classical putative periodontal pathogens, such as, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, was below the limit of detection and was not detected. CONCLUSION These data suggest that other species, notably species of Selenomonas, may be associated with disease in generalized aggressive periodontitis subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Faveri
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Effects of age and oral disease on systemic inflammatory and immune parameters in nonhuman primates. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2008; 15:1067-75. [PMID: 18448617 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00258-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This report evaluated systemic inflammatory and immune biomarkers in a cohort of Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkeys) maintained as a large family social unit, including an age range from <1 year to >24 years. We hypothesized that the systemic host responses would be affected by the age, gender, and clinical oral presentation of the population, each contributing to inflammatory and immune responses that would reflect chronic oral infections. The results demonstrated that the prevalence and severity of periodontitis, including missing teeth, increased significantly with age. Generally, minimal differences in clinical parameters were noted between the genders. Systemic inflammatory mediators, including acute-phase reactants, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), cytokines/chemokines, and selected matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), demonstrated significant differences among the various age groups of animals. Levels of many of these were increased with age, although PGE(2), RANTES, bactericidal permeability-inducing factor (BPI), MMP-1, and MMP-9 levels were significantly increased in the young group ( approximately 1 to 3 years old) relative to those for the older animals. We observed that in the adult and aged animals, levels of the systemic inflammatory mediators related to gingival inflammation and periodontal tissue destruction were significantly elevated. Serum antibody levels in response to a battery of periodontal pathogens were generally lower in the young animals, <50% of those in the adults, and were significantly related to aging in the cohort. The levels of antibodies, particularly those to Porphorymonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Tannerella forsythia, were most significantly elevated in animals with periodontal disease, irrespective of the age of the animal. These results provide a broad description of oral health and host responses in a large cohort of nonhuman primates from very young animals to the aged of this species. The findings afford a base of data with which to examine the ontogeny of host responses at mucosal sites, such as the gingival tissues.
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Victor LV, Cortelli SC, Aquino DR, de Carvalho Filho J, Cortelli JR. Periodontal profile and presence of periodontal pathogens in young African-Americans from Salvador, Ba, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2008; 39:226-32. [PMID: 24031206 PMCID: PMC3768400 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822008000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 09/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study evaluated the periodontal status and the presence of periodontopathogens in 132 young, black ethnic subjects who live in Salvador/Bahia-Brazil and have never smoked. Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) were measured and analyzed by ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests (p<0.05) according to gender and age. The presence of A.actinomycetemcomitans, P.gingivalis, E.corrodens and F.nucleatum was determined by PCR and was analyzed by ANOVA, Wilcoxon, Student-t tests (p<0.05). Mean values of PPD and CAL were 2.18 and 1.0mm, respectively. Clinical parameters did not show differences between subjects of varying gender and age. The microbial prevalence was observed to be 95.45% for E.corrodens followed by F.nucleatum with 68.18%, A.actinomycetemcomitans with 45.45% and P gingivalis with 40.9%. An association between the presence of pathogens and gender and age was not observed (p<0.05). PPD, CAL and PI were not associated with P.gingivalis; however, GI appeared in higher frequencies among subjects without P.gingivalis. In this young, black ethnic, Brazilian population, a high percentage (96.96%) of subjects harbored at least one selected periodontal pathogen, but most subjects showed a healthy periodontal status. Further investigations are required to evaluate the actual influence of the presence of these bacterial species.
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Doğan B, Kipalev AS, Okte E, Sultan N, Asikainen SE. Consistent Intrafamilial Transmission ofActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitansDespite Clonal Diversity. J Periodontol 2008; 79:307-15. [PMID: 18251645 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.070270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Başak Doğan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Rams TE, Listgarten MA, Slots J. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis subgingival presence, species-specific serum immunoglobulin G antibody levels, and periodontitis disease recurrence. J Periodontal Res 2006; 41:228-34. [PMID: 16677293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2005.00860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The biological and clinical effects of antibody against periodontal pathogenic bacteria are incompletely understood. This study evaluated the inter-relationships among periodontal levels of cultivable Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, species-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels, and periodontitis disease activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-three adults who had previously been treated for periodontitis and who also harbored cultivable A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis were evaluated semiannually for clinical disease recurrence over a 36-month period. Each patient provided subgingival microbial samples, for the recovery of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, from the two deepest pockets in each dentition sextant. A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis serum IgG antibody levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), together with whole-cell sonicate extracts from A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a-c and P. gingivalis ATCC 33277. Data were analyzed using the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square and Fisher exact two-tailed tests. RESULTS Eighteen (60.0%) of 30 A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive subjects, and 10 (76.9%) of 13 P. gingivalis-positive subjects, exhibited recurrent periodontal breakdown within 36 months of periodontal therapy. Nineteen (67.9%) of the 28 patients with active periodontitis had A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis serum antibody levels below designated threshold values. In comparison, 10 (66.7%) of 15 culture-positive clinically stable subjects showed A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis serum antibody levels above threshold values. The difference between specific antibody levels in periodontitis-active and periodontitis-stable patients was statistically significant (p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of IgG antibodies against A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis in periodontitis-stable patients were higher than those in patients with active periodontitis. The results suggest that elevated levels of IgG antibody against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis have a detectable protective effect against periodontal infections with these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Rams
- Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Wang D, Kawashima Y, Nagasawa T, Takeuchi Y, Kojima T, Umeda M, Oda S, Ishikawa I. Elevated serum IgG titer and avidity to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype c in Japanese periodontitis patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 20:172-9. [PMID: 15836519 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2005.00208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to characterize serum antibody responses to different serotypes of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains in various forms of periodontitis and to determine whether any specific type of A. actinomycetemcomitans was associated with any specific form of periodontitis in a Japanese population. METHODS Sonicated whole cell and autoclaved serotype antigens of A. actinomycetemcomitans were used. Serum IgG titer and avidity to A. actinomycetemcomitans were measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA) and ammonium thiocyanate-dissociation ELISA, respectively, in 46 aggressive periodontitis patients (8 localized, 38 generalized), 28 chronic periodontitis patients, and 18 periodontally healthy subjects. The presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in plaque and saliva samples was determined using polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Generalized aggressive and chronic periodontitis patients exhibited significantly higher IgG titers than healthy subjects to both sonicated and autoclaved antigens of serotype c strains, while IgG titer to serotype b (Y4) was significantly higher in localized aggressive periodontitis patients compared to healthy subjects. No A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected in localized aggressive periodontitis patients. A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive patients exhibited significantly higher IgG titer and avidity to serotype c than A. actinomycetemcomitans-negative patients. In A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive patients, a significantly positive correlation was observed between antibody titer and avidity to serotype c. A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis showed lower IgG avidities to serotype c than those with chronic periodontitis, though no statistically significant difference was found. CONCLUSION A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype c may play a significant role in chronic and generalized aggressive periodontitis, while A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b may be associated with localized aggressive periodontitis in a Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wang
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Cortelli JR, Cortelli SC, Jordan S, Haraszthy VI, Zambon JJ. Prevalence of periodontal pathogens in Brazilians with aggressive or chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32:860-6. [PMID: 15998269 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2005.00777.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies suggest differences between geographically and racially distinct populations in the prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria as well as greater periodontal destruction associated with infection by highly leucotoxic Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The present study examined these hypotheses in Brazilians with aggressive or chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical, radiographical, and microbiological assessments were performed on 25 aggressive periodontitis and 178 chronic periodontitis patients including 71 males and 132 females, 15-69 years of age. RESULTS The prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis was similar to that of other South American populations. The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and its highly leucotoxic subgroup was higher in Brazilians. Highly leucotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans was more prevalent in aggressive periodontitis (chi2=27.83) and positively associated with deep pockets (>6 mm, chi2=18.26) and young age (<29 years, chi2=18.68). Greater mean attachment loss was found in subjects with highly leucotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans than in subjects with minimally leucotoxic (p=0.0029) or subjects not infected (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION These data support the hypothesis of differences between populations in the prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria and of greater attachment loss in sites infected with highly leucotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans. Detection of highly leucotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans in children and adolescents may be a useful marker for aggressive periodontitis.
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Bimstein E, Sapir S, Houri-Haddad Y, Dibart S, Van Dyke TE, Shapira L. The Relationship BetweenPorphyromonas gingivalisInfection and Local and Systemic Factors in Children. J Periodontol 2004; 75:1371-6. [PMID: 15562915 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2004.75.10.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a major pathogen related to periodontitis. There are few reports on the prevalence and effect of P. gingivalis in children. The purpose of the present study was to describe in children the level of DNA-P gingivalis in subgingival plaque and the IgG serum reactivity to P. gingivalis (IgG-Pg), and examine their relationship to demographic, systemic, and oral variables. METHODS Thirty-four children, aged 1.83 to 13.42 years, were included in the study; 16 with no systemic disease and 18 with systemic conditions. The demographic data for caries incidence, plaque and gingival indices, probing depth, and alveolar bone height were recorded. The IgG-Pg and DNA-Pg levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and DNA-DNA hybridization, respectively. The relationships between the IgG-Pg and DNA-Pg values to the demographics, oral parameters, and systemic conditions were examined. RESULTS IgG-Pg was evident in 53% of the children and DNA-Pg in 47%. IgG-Pg values significantly correlated positively with age, plaque index, and bone height. DNA-Pg values had statistically significant positive correlations with age. IgG-Pg and DNA-Pg values correlated with probing depth among children with systemic diseases. Neither the IgG-Pg nor the DNA-Pg values had a significant correlation to systemic conditions. Multiple regression analyses indicated that only age remained significantly related to IgG-Pg and DNA-Pg values. CONCLUSIONS P. gingivalis can be found in significant levels in the plaque of young children and elicits an immune reaction that increases with age and may be related to incipient signs of periodontal disease. Plaque DNA-Pg and serum IgG-Pg levels correlate significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Bimstein
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0426, USA.
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Donley CL, Badovinac R, Sapir S, Shapira L, Houri Y, Kantarci A, Warbington ML, Dibart S, Van Dyke TE, Needleman HL, Karimbux N, Bimstein E. IgG antibody levels to Porphyromonas gingivalis and clinical measures in children. J Periodontol 2004; 75:221-8. [PMID: 15068109 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2004.75.2.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontopathic clinical markers are poorly understood in the pediatric population. Several studies have proposed Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and an antibody response to the microorganism as factors in periodontal tissue destruction in children. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of P. gingivalis in dental plaque and of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels to P. gingivalis, and their relationship to periodontal clinical measures in children. METHODS Thirty-one subjects, aged 20 to 163 months, participated in this study. Clinical measures examined included gingivitis, plaque, alveolar bone height, age, gender, ethnicity, medical status, caries, and IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis. Five ml of blood was collected for serum analysis, and IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plaque samples were examined for the presence of P. gingivalis by DNA-DNA checkerboard. Data were analyzed on a person-level basis for relationships to serum IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis and on a site-specific level for relationships to the presence of P. gingivalis in plaque. RESULTS A majority (77%) of the subjects were systemically healthy, non-white (74%), and did not have detectable P. gingivalis in their plaque. Fifty-two percent of the subjects had positive serum IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis. Based on univariate linear regression, factors related to IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis (P<0.05) included age, average gingival index (GI), average probing depth, and number of teeth with alveolar bone crest to cemento-enamel junction (ABC-CEJ) distances >2 mm. When all clinical measures were considered together, only age remained statistically significantly related to serum IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis. CONCLUSIONS Age is one of the most important factors in the development of the immune response to putative microorganisms such as P. gingivalis in children. The role of IgG as a time-sensitive measure of periodontal health in children needs to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Donley
- The Children's Hospital, Department of Dentistry, Boston, MA, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem E Sahingur
- Department of Oral Biology, and Periodontics & Endodontics, Schoolof Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Doğan B, Antinheimo J, Cetiner D, Bodur A, Emingil G, Buduneli E, Uygur C, Firatli E, Lakio L, Asikainen S. Subgingival microflora in Turkish patients with periodontitis. J Periodontol 2003; 74:803-14. [PMID: 12886990 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2003.74.6.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No information exists on periodontitis-associated subgingival microbiota from Turkey. We determined the occurrence, interspecies relationships, and clonal characteristics for a group of periodontal bacteria in a Turkish study population. METHODS Subgingival microbial samples were obtained from patients with localized (LAgP, N = 18) or generalized (GAgP, N = 17) types of aggressive periodontitis, generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP, N = 14), and non-periodontitis subjects (N = 20). Culture methods were used to recover 6 periodontal bacterial species and yeasts, and a polymerase chain reaction technique was used to detect Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Intraspecies characterization of A. actinomycetemcomitans was carried out by serotyping and genotyping. RESULTS All species, except for Micromonas micros (formerly Peptostreptococcus micros) occurred more frequently (P < 0.05) in periodontitis than non-periodontitis subjects. Detection frequencies for Tannerella forsythensis (formerly Bacteroides forsythus) and Campylobacter rectus differed among the periodontitis subgroups; the lowest frequency occurred in LAgP. The mean proportions of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and C. rectus were higher (P < 0.008) in GAgP than in non-periodontitis subjects. Significant positive associations were seen between 7 of the 22 possible combinations (P < 0.05). A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype c (34%) and non-serotypeable isolates (34%) were the most common antigenic types among the 305 strains analyzed. Eleven arbitrarily primed (AP)-PCR genotypes were distinguished among 273 isolates from 29 subjects. Yeasts were found in 23% of the 69 subjects. CONCLUSIONS The results on the Turkish study population were generally in line with earlier reports on the occurrence and interspecies relationships of certain bacteria in periodontitis. However, A. actinomycetemcomitans was not overrepresented in LAgP, and the serotype distribution resembled that reported from the East. The high frequency of non-serotypeable isolates suggests local characteristics of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey.
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Kawashima Y, Ishikawa I. Simple and rapid detection of serum antibody to periodontopathic bacteria by dot blotting. J Periodontal Res 2002; 37:223-9. [PMID: 12113558 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0765.2002.01608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect the specific immunoglobulin G antibodies against periodontopathic bacteria by dot blotting. In the procedure used, bacterial preparations were blotted on a nitrocellulose membrane. After blocking the nonspecific binding sites, the diluted serum was blotted onto the preparations. The membrane was immersed in secondary antibodies and then in substrate buffer. The colored blots were then evaluated. To test the reliability of this procedure, 20 serum samples were examined for antibody: ten for anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis antibody, and the other ten for anti-Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans antibody. Five samples out of each set of ten had previously been confirmed as having high enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) titers to the antigen, while the other five had been confirmed as having average titer levels. Both whole-cell sonic extracts and fimbriae of P. gingivalis were used as antigens in the dot blotting, in order to compare their use as antigens in assays of the patients' sera. ELISA was also used to measure anti-P. gingivalis antibody titers. For the measurement of IgG antibodies against A. actinomycetemcomitans, formalin-killed whole cells were used. Fifty serum samples were examined for IgG antibodies against A. actinomycetemcomitans by dot blotting and ELISA. With both antigens, after 4 h, coloration of blots was more clearly visible for the high-titer sera than for the average-titer sera. The intensity of coloration of the blots for P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans showed correlation with the ELISA titers. A particularly significant correlation was shown when P. gingivalis fimbriae were used as antigen. These results suggest that this dot blot method is a simple and rapid means of detection of serum antibodies, and that it shows promise as a chair-side assay method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kawashima
- Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
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Albandar JM, DeNardin AM, Adesanya MR, Diehl SR, Winn DM. Associations between serum antibody levels to periodontal pathogens and early-onset periodontitis. J Periodontol 2001; 72:1463-9. [PMID: 11759856 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2001.72.11.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of antibodies to periodontal microorganisms in the development of periodontal tissue destruction is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies to 6 periodontal microorganisms and clinical subtypes of varying severity of early-onset periodontitis (EOP) in young African American adults. METHODS The study group consisted of 159 African Americans aged 19 to 25 years (mean 22 years) and included 97 cases with EOP and 62 controls with no clinical signs of EOP. These subjects were selected from a nationally representative sample of adolescents who received an oral examination as part of the National Survey of Oral Health of United States Children in 1986-1987. The group was examined clinically a second time 6 years later and blood samples were collected. Serum levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM reactive to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, and Fusobacterium nucleatum were assessed. RESULTS Serum levels of IgG and IgA antibody reactive to P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans and IgA antibody to P. intermedia were significantly higher in generalized EOP cases compared to healthy controls. IgM antibody levels did not show any significant associations with EOP for any of the 6 bacterial species tested. There were no significant differences in antibody levels between controls and the 13 subjects in our study who were classified with localized EOP. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that antibodies to P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and A. actinomycetemcomitans may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of EOP. Substantial longitudinal studies that monitor antibody levels and avidity prior to disease onset, during progression, and following clinical intervention will be necessary to fully understand the role of this component of the immune response in protection versus tissue destruction and the potential use in EOP risk assessment and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Albandar
- Temple University School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Tabeta K, Yoshie H, Yamazaki K. Characterization of serum antibody to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans GroEL-like protein in periodontitis patients and healthy subjects. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2001; 16:290-5. [PMID: 11555306 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.2001.016005290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that molecular mimicry between bacterial and human heat shock protein 60 (hsp60) is involved in various conditions of autoimmune and infectious diseases. Many periodontopathic bacteria have been reported to express GroEL-like protein that is homologous to human hsp60. In this study, the presence of antibodies to the hsp60 of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in the sera of periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy control subjects was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a recombinant A. actinomycetemcomitans GroEL as an antigen. Furthermore, their cross-reactivity with Escherichia coli GroEL and Mycobacterium bovis BCG hsp65 was examined. The mean values of antibody were 0.624 (range 0.088-1.113) and 0.728 (range 0.217-1.296) in control subjects and periodontitis patients, respectively. The antibody levels to A. actinomycetemcomitans after absorption with E. coli GroEL and M. bovis BCG clearly decreased in both control subjects and periodontitis patients. The remaining antibody levels to A. actinomycetemcomitans GroEL after absorption with M. bovis BCG hsp65 were higher than those with E. coli GroEL, indicating higher cross-reactivity with E. coli GroEL. These results suggest that not only periodontitis patients but also periodontally healthy subjects may be infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans but that the part of the antibody could be derived from the cross-reactivity with E. coli GroEL. Any relationship of the antibody to the disease, however, remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tabeta
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Kinane DF, Podmore M, Murray MC, Hodge PJ, Ebersole J. Etiopathogenesis of periodontitis in children and adolescents. Periodontol 2000 2001; 26:54-91. [PMID: 11452906 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0757.2001.2260104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D F Kinane
- Periodontology and Oral Immunology Unit, University of Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Kinane DF, Mooney J, Ebersole JL. Humoral immune response to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 1999; 20:289-340. [PMID: 10522229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.1999.tb00164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D F Kinane
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Immunology, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Slots J, Ting M. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in human periodontal disease: occurrence and treatment. Periodontol 2000 1999; 20:82-121. [PMID: 10522224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.1999.tb00159.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Slots
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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