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Mahmood AA, Al-Obadi HOM, Hussein HM. Effect of Occupational Stress on Periodontitis According to the Salivary RANKL Level Among Iraqi Employees. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2024; 16:53-60. [PMID: 38500517 PMCID: PMC10944974 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s455831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Findings show that periodontitis does not affect all populations; similarly, some individuals present risk conditions such as occupational stress, making them more susceptible to developing periodontitis through unhealthy habits like poor oral hygiene and immune suppression. Periodontitis triggers an inflammatory host immune response; "Receptor Activator Nuclear Factor KB ligand (RANKL)" is the primary regulator of osteoclast differentiation and activity. It was found that osteoclastic bone damage caused by periodontitis depends on the RANKL produced by osteoblastic and periodontal ligament cells. Objective This study aimed to assess the effect of occupational stress on employees with periodontitis using salivary RANKL marker. Material and Methods A case-control analysis was done at my clinic with 90 male employees aged 30-50. The participants completed self-administered questionnaires and had periodontal exams. Employee occupational stress was estimated using a life events scale questionnaire. Calibrated dentists performed the parameters used in the periodontal assessment after collecting whole unstimulated salivary samples from each employee to measure salivary RANKL using ELISA technique. Results The present finding revealed a statistically significant difference among groups in "probing pocket depth, plaque index, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and salivary RANKL level". They were higher in the stressed employees' group, which is not statistically significant. Conclusion The findings of this investigation observed that occupational stress increased clinical periodontal parameters and salivary RANKL of periodontitis in employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athraa Ali Mahmood
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontics, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Hashim Mueen Hussein
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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The Potential Mediating Effects of Inflammation on the Association Between Type D Personality and Coronary Plaque Vulnerability in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:468-477. [PMID: 35311805 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type D personality involves the interaction between negative affectivity with social inhibition and has been associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) progression and coronary plaque vulnerability. However, the underlying mechanisms in the relationship between type D personality and coronary plaque vulnerability remain indeterminate. The present study examined the potential mediating effects of inflammation biomarkers on the association between type D personality and coronary plaque vulnerability in patients with CAD. METHODS A total of 347 patients (mean [standard deviation] age = 56.6 [11.2] years; 29.3% women) with CAD who had culprit coronary plaques were examined for type D personality. The inflammation biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 [IL-6], and tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α]) were evaluated. Each individual inflammation biomarker was standardized using z scores to calculate inflammation standardized sumscores. Plaque vulnerability of culprit lesions was measured in vivo using optical coherence tomography. RESULTS The presence of type D personality (38%) was associated with TNF-α, IL-6, and inflammation standardized sumscores (t = 2.74, Cohen d = 0.32, p = .006; t = 4.03, Cohen d = 0.44, p ≤. 001; t = 4.16, Cohen d = 0.11, p = .001, respectively). In addition, the standardized inflammation sumscore was a mediator of the relationship between type D personality and lipid-rich plaques (effect sizes = 0.12, 95% confidence interval = 0.007-0.286, p = .064) and plaque rupture vulnerability (effect sizes = 0.16, 95% confidence interval = 0.043-0.365, p = .024). Analysis of continuous type D scores revealed that TNF-α, IL-6, and inflammation standardized sumscores also mediate the relationship between the primary effect of negative affectivity and plaque vulnerability. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation activation is a potential mediator of the association between type D personality and plaque vulnerability. The negative affectivity component of type D personality might be particularly relevant to the inflammatory aspects of plaque vulnerability.
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Shaikh MS, Shahzad Z, Tash EA, Janjua OS, Khan MI, Zafar MS. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Current Literature and Role in Periodontal Regeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071168. [PMID: 35406732 PMCID: PMC8997495 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease can cause irreversible damage to tooth-supporting tissues such as the root cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, eventually leading to tooth loss. While standard periodontal treatments are usually helpful in reducing disease progression, they cannot repair or replace lost periodontal tissue. Periodontal regeneration has been demonstrated to be beneficial in treating intraosseous and furcation defects to varied degrees. Cell-based treatment for periodontal regeneration will become more efficient and predictable as tissue engineering and progenitor cell biology advance, surpassing the limitations of present therapeutic techniques. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into several cell types when stimulated. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been tested for periodontal regeneration in vitro and in humans, with promising results. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) possess a great regenerative and therapeutic potential. Their added benefits comprise ease of collection, endless source of stem cells, less immunorejection, and affordability. Further, their collection does not include the concerns associated with human embryonic stem cells. The purpose of this review is to address the most recent findings about periodontal regenerative mechanisms, different stem cells accessible for periodontal regeneration, and UC-MSCs and their involvement in periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Shaikh
- Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75510, Pakistan;
| | - Zara Shahzad
- Lahore Medical and Dental College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 53400, Pakistan;
| | - Esraa Abdulgader Tash
- Department of Oral and Clinical Basic Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah 41311, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Omer Sefvan Janjua
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, PMC Dental Institute, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | | | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah 41311, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-507544691
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Liu Y, Han Y, Wang X, Chen Y, Mo Q, Li L, Wang Y, Fan J, Yang Y, Soondrum T, Zhu X. Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. Qual Life Res 2021; 31:865-876. [PMID: 34328583 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-021-02953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Emotional control, the attempt to suppress the expression of negative effects, is an essential factor in the prevalence of psychological distress in women with breast cancer. The Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS) is a commonly used self-report tool for assessing emotional suppression in both clinical and general groups. This study aimed to validate the Chinese version of the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS) in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. METHODS The study involved 680 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer aged 25 to 76 (mean age = 48.19, standard deviation (SD) = 8.57) from Changsha (China). Data analysis included Cronbach's alpha coefficients, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Pearson's correlations, Independent-Samples T test, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were conducted to determine the optimal model. For the best fitting model stability was assessed with tests for invariance across age, educational level, and employment status. RESULTS Internal consistency (α = 0.987) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.715) of the CECS were presented. Results confirm the structure of the Chinese version of the CECS with 21 items divided into three dimensions, anger suppression (CECS_AG), depression suppression (CECS_MD), and anxiety suppression (CECS_AX). Convergent and known-groups validity were acceptable. Additionally, this model remained invariant across age, educational levels, and employment status. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese version of the CECS has good psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity, remaining invariant across age, educational levels, and employment status in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Middle Road 139#, Furong District, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Han
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Middle Road 139#, Furong District, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Middle Road 139#, Furong District, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yaoxin Chen
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Middle Road 139#, Furong District, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qingqian Mo
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingyan Li
- School of Nursing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- School of Humanities and Social Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Middle Road 139#, Furong District, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tamini Soondrum
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Middle Road 139#, Furong District, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiongzhao Zhu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Middle Road 139#, Furong District, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Vincent-Bugnas S, Borsa L, Gruss A, Lupi L. Prioritization of predisposing factors of gingival hyperplasia during orthodontic treatment: the role of amount of biofilm. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:84. [PMID: 33627113 PMCID: PMC7903590 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanism of gingival growth that may occur during fixed orthodontic treatment is not yet fully understood and the amount of dental plaque is often incriminated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of gingival growth during multi-attachment orthodontic treatment and to prioritize its predicting factors, especially the quantity of biofilm. Methods This comprehensive cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on orthodontic patients aged 9 to 30 years, in good health, treated by a fixed appliance. Periodontal clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, periodontal phenotype and gingival enhancement index were recorded. Likewise, the brushing habits and the date of the last scaling were noted. The orthodontic parameters studied were the duration of the treatment, the type of bracket, the alloys used for the arches and the type of ligatures. Descriptive statistics were carried out, and variables presenting p value < 0.25 were included in a multivariate analysis to calculate the Odds Ratio (OR) of gingival enlargement”. Results A total of 193 patients were included (16.38 ± 4.89 years). Gingival growth occurred for 49.7% of patients included. The predisposing factors for this pathology during fixed orthodontic treatment were conventional metal brackets (p = 0.021), mouth breathing (p = 0.040), male gender (p = 0.035), thick periodontal phenotype (p = 0.043), elastomeric ligations (p = 0.007), duration of treatment (p = 0.022) and presence of plaque (p = 0.004). After achievement of the logistic regression, only two factors remained related to gingival enlargement: metallic brackets (OR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.1–10.55) and duration of treatment (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.01–4.08). The amount of plaque would not be directly related to the development of gingival increase during orthodontic treatment. Conclusions Among the predisposing factors that underlie gingival growth during multi-attachment therapy, the amount of plaque is not found. The qualitative assessment of the plaque and its evolution during treatment could clarify the role of the biofilm in the occurrence of gingival overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Vincent-Bugnas
- Département de parodontologie, Université Côte d'Azur, UFR Odontologie, 24 Avenue des diables bleus, 06300, Nice, France. .,Pôle d'Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 5 Rue Pierre Dévoluy, 06000, Nice, France. .,Laboratoire MICORALIS EA7534, Université Côte d'Azur, 24 Avenue des diables bleus, 06300, Nice, France.
| | - Leslie Borsa
- Pôle d'Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 5 Rue Pierre Dévoluy, 06000, Nice, France.,Laboratoire MICORALIS EA7534, Université Côte d'Azur, 24 Avenue des diables bleus, 06300, Nice, France.,Département de santé publique, Université Côte d'Azur, UFR Odontologie, 24 Avenue des diables bleus, 06300, Nice, France
| | - Apolline Gruss
- Pôle d'Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 5 Rue Pierre Dévoluy, 06000, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, UFR Odontologie, 24 Avenue des diables bleus, 06300, Nice, France
| | - Laurence Lupi
- Pôle d'Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 5 Rue Pierre Dévoluy, 06000, Nice, France.,Laboratoire MICORALIS EA7534, Université Côte d'Azur, 24 Avenue des diables bleus, 06300, Nice, France.,Département de santé publique, Université Côte d'Azur, UFR Odontologie, 24 Avenue des diables bleus, 06300, Nice, France
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An Evaluation of the Academic Stress’ Affect on Periodontal Tissues. BALKAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/bjdm-2019-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Background/Aim: It has been discussed over the years whether emotional stress might be a risk factor for periodontal diseases. The correlation between periodontal disease and stress can still not be explained. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of academic stress on gingival tissues in a prospective design.
Material and Methods: The study population consisted of randomly selected 40 dental students. Clinical examinations of plaque (PI), gingival (GI) and sulcus bleeding (SBI) indices, probing pocket depth (PPD) and gingival crevicular fluid flow rate were performed along with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory at three different periods of the school year. Measurements were recorded one month before the finals (1st period), during the final exams (2nd period), and two months after the final exams (3rd period).
Results: The changes in mean values of all parameters except plaque and pocket depth between the final and control terms were statistically significant. There was a significant correlation between gingival index and stress, plaque, pocket depth, and sulcus bleeding indices at 1st period. There was a significant correlation between gingival index and crevicular fluid at 2nd period. There was a significant correlation between gingival index and plaque, and sulcus bleeding indices at 3rd period.
Conclusions: The present results support the hypothesis that academic stress is a significant risk factor for gingival and periodontal inflammation.
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Duijster D, Oude Groeniger J, van der Heijden GJMG, van Lenthe FJ. Material, behavioural, cultural and psychosocial factors in the explanation of socioeconomic inequalities in oral health. Eur J Public Health 2019; 28:590-597. [PMID: 29272383 PMCID: PMC6051465 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the contribution of material, behavioural, cultural and psychosocial factors in the explanation of socioeconomic inequalities (education and income) in oral health of Dutch adults. Methods Cross-sectional data from participants (25-75 years of age) of the fifth wave of the GLOBE cohort were used (n = 2812). Questionnaires were used to obtain data on material factors (e.g. financial difficulties), behavioural factors (e.g. smoking), cultural factors (e.g. cultural activities) and psychosocial factors (e.g. psychological distress). Oral health outcomes were self-reported number of teeth and self-rated oral health (SROH). Mediation analysis, using multivariable negative binomial regression and logistic regression, was performed. Results Education level and income showed a graded positive relationship with both oral health outcomes. Adding material, behavioural, cultural and psychosocial factors substantially reduced the rate ratio for the number of teeth of the lowest education group from 0.79 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75-0.83) to 0.92 (95% CI: 0.87-0.97) and of the lowest income group from 0.80 (95% CI: 0.73-0.88) to 1.04 (95% CI: 0.96-1.14). Inclusion of all factors also substantially reduced the odds ratio for poor SROH of the lowest education group from 1.61 (95% CI: 1.28-2.03) to 1.12 (95% CI: 0.85-1.48) and of the lowest income groups from 3.18 (95% CI: 2.13-4.74) to 1.48 (95% CI: 0.90-2.45). Conclusion In general, behavioural factors contributed most to the explanation of socioeconomic inequalities in adult oral health, followed by material factors. The contribution of cultural and psychosocial factors was relatively moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Duijster
- Department of Social Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Oude Groeniger
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert J M G van der Heijden
- Department of Social Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J van Lenthe
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Feres M, Teles F, Teles R, Figueiredo LC, Faveri M. The subgingival periodontal microbiota of the aging mouth. Periodontol 2000 2018; 72:30-53. [PMID: 27501490 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Different mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain the increase in prevalence and severity of periodontitis in older adults, including shifts in the periodontal microbiota. However, the actual impact of aging on the composition of subgingival biofilms remains unclear. In the present article, we provide an overview of the composition of the subgingival biofilm in older adults and the potential effects of age on the oral microbiome. In particular, this review covers the following topics: (i) the oral microbiota of an aging mouth; (ii) the effects of age and time on the human oral microbiome; (iii) the potential impact of inflammaging and immunosenescence in the host-oral microbiota interactions; and (iv) the relationship of the aging oral microbiota and Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we present analyses of data compiled from large clinical studies that evaluated the subgingival microbiota of periodontally healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis from a wide age spectrum (20-83 years of age).
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Impact of post-traumatic stress disorder on oral health. J Affect Disord 2017; 219:126-132. [PMID: 28549330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stress experienced as an intense and traumatic event can increase the odds of orofacial pain, affect the biomechanics of masticatory system and compromise the periodontal health. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on oral health. METHODS A case-control study with a convenience sample was designed. Probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing, and plaque were recorded at 6 sites per tooth. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the pain after probing. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Axis II (RDC/TMD Axis II) and Structured Clinical Interview (DSM-IV) were also applied. The final sample comprised 38 PTSD patients and 38 controls. RESULTS Patients with PTSD had a higher degree of chronic pain, more depression and nonspecific physical symptoms (including and excluding pain) compared with the control group (Fisher exact test p < 0.001, and Chi-squared test, p < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, respectively). Patients with PTSD also had more pain after periodontal probing compared with controls (Mann-Whitney, p = 0.037). The prevalence of sites with CAL or PPD ≥ 4, ≥ 5, ≥ 6 were not different between the groups. Age was associated with moderate periodontitis (multivariable logistic regression model, OR = 3.33, 95% CI = 1.03-10.75, p = 0.04). LIMITATION The severity of PTSD precluded an ample sample size. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PTSD presented a worse RDC/TMD Axis II profile, more pain after periodontal probing, and no difference related to periodontal clinical parameters. More studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Abstract
Periodontal diseases comprise a wide range of inflammatory conditions that affect the supporting structures of the teeth (the gingiva, bone and periodontal ligament), which could lead to tooth loss and contribute to systemic inflammation. Chronic periodontitis predominantly affects adults, but aggressive periodontitis may occasionally occur in children. Periodontal disease initiation and propagation is through a dysbiosis of the commensal oral microbiota (dental plaque), which then interacts with the immune defences of the host, leading to inflammation and disease. This pathophysiological situation persists through bouts of activity and quiescence, until the affected tooth is extracted or the microbial biofilm is therapeutically removed and the inflammation subsides. The severity of the periodontal disease depends on environmental and host risk factors, both modifiable (for example, smoking) and non-modifiable (for example, genetic susceptibility). Prevention is achieved with daily self-performed oral hygiene and professional removal of the microbial biofilm on a quarterly or bi-annual basis. New treatment modalities that are actively explored include antimicrobial therapy, host modulation therapy, laser therapy and tissue engineering for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis F Kinane
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Panagiota G Stathopoulou
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Machado ME, Tomazoni F, Casarin M, Ardenghi TM, Zanatta FB. Partial-mouth periodontal examination protocols for the determination of the prevalence and extent of gingival bleeding in adolescents. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2017; 45:427-433. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michely Ediani Machado
- Department of Stomatology; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tomazoni
- Department of Stomatology; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Maísa Casarin
- Department of Stomatology; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Thiago M. Ardenghi
- Department of Stomatology; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Fabricio Batistin Zanatta
- Department of Stomatology; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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Evaluation of the Impact of the Clinical Periodontal Status on Volumetric Features of Gingival Crevicular Fluid by using Periotron<sup>®</sup> 8000. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.26.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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A combination of cis-2-decenoic acid and chlorhexidine removes dental plaque. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1655-61. [PMID: 26351749 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the ability of cis-2-decenoic acid (C2DA) to induce dispersion in single-species biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, as well as to remove their bacterial-fungal dual-species biofilms when combined with low concentrations of chlorhexidine (CHX). METHODS For biofilm dispersal bioassays, single-species biofilms of S. mutans and C. albicans were grown on the inside surface of petri dishes, using a semi-batch culture method in which the medium was replaced every 24h for 5 days. Biofilms were then treated with very low concentrations of C2DA (100 and 310 nM) for 1h to release cells into the bulk liquid and to evaluate dispersed cell number by measuring the optical density (OD). To assess the ability of C2DA combined CHX treatments to remove tested microorganisms' dual-species biofilms, they were grown on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sHA) discs for 48 h and then were treated with three different concentrations of CHX (0.08%, 0.06% and 0.04%) alone or in combination with indicated concentrations of C2DA for 1 min twice daily for 3 subsequent days. Biofilms were then either subjected to the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis or harvested and colony forming units (CFUs) were counted after plating on agar. RESULTS Treatment of pre-established biofilms with 310 nM C2DA caused an approximately two-fold increase in the number of planktonic cells in both cultures. A combination of 310 nM C2DA and 0.04% CHX resulted in significant removal (p-value <0.05) of dual-species biofilms from sHA discs surface. CONCLUSIONS Anti-biofilm characteristic of C2DA boosts the action of CHX even at low concentrations.
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Zanatta FB, Ardenghi TM, Antoniazzi RP, Pinto TMP, Rösing CK. Association between gingivitis and anterior gingival enlargement in subjects undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Dental Press J Orthod 2015; 19:59-66. [PMID: 25162567 PMCID: PMC4296628 DOI: 10.1590/2176-9451.19.3.059-066.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association among gingival enlargement (GE), periodontal conditions and socio-demographic characteristics in subjects undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. METHODS A sample of 330 patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment for at least 6 months were examined by a single calibrated examiner for plaque and gingival indexes, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss and gingival enlargement. Socio-economic background, orthodontic treatment duration and use of dental floss were assessed by oral interviews. Associations were assessed by means of unadjusted and adjusted Poisson's regression models. RESULTS The presence of gingival bleeding (RR 1.01; 95% CI 1.00-1.01) and excess resin around brackets (RR 1.02; 95% CI 1.02-1.03) were associated with an increase in GE. No associations were found between socio-demographic characteristics and GE. CONCLUSION Proximal anterior gingival bleeding and excess resin around brackets are associated with higher levels of anterior gingival enlargement in subjects under orthodontic treatment.
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Peeran SW, Kumar NP, Azaruk FAA, Alsaid FM, Abdalla KA, Mugrabi MH, Peeran SA. Association between mental well-being, depression, and periodontal attachment level among young adults of the postwar Sebha city, Libya: A pilot study. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2014; 5:308-12. [PMID: 25097404 PMCID: PMC4121904 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.136172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was aimed to investigate the association of mental well-being and depression with periodontal clinical attachment loss among young adults in postwar urban population of Sebha city, Libya. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mental well-being and depression were assessed using Arabic versions of World Health Organization (WHO) five well-being index and major depression inventory (ICD-10), respectively. Random sample of 149 subjects were studied. Degree of periodontal attachment was measured at six sites per tooth using a rigid manual periodontal probe. RESULT AND CONCLUSION A total of 59.11% of the studied samples had healthy mental well-being state, whereas 40.81% had poor mental well-being. The severity of depression was stronger in males than in females. In the present study mental well-being, depression, and all its categories did not have any significant effect on periodontal attachment loss. Further studies and health interventions can be planned based on this data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Wali Peeran
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Sebha University, Sebha, Libya
| | - Naveen P.G. Kumar
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Davengere, India
| | | | | | - Khaled Awidat Abdalla
- Department of Oral Biology and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sebha University, Sebha, Libya
| | - Marei Hamed Mugrabi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab Medical University, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Syed Ali Peeran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prothodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, KSA
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Roncati M, Lucchese A, Carinci F. Non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis with the adjunctive use of an 810-nm diode laser. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2014; 17:812-5. [PMID: 24554897 PMCID: PMC3917217 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.124531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An 810-nm diode laser was used to non-surgically treat a 7-mm pocket around an implant that had five threads of bone loss, BoP+, and exudate, and the patient was followed up for 5 years. Non-surgical treatment, home care reinforcement, clinical indices records, and radiographic examination were completed in two consecutive 1-h appointments within 24 h. The patient was monitored frequently for the first 3 months. Subsequently, maintenance debridement visits were scheduled at 3-month intervals. The patient had a decreased probing pocket depth and a negative BoP index compared to initial clinical data, and the results were stable after 1 year. After 5 years of follow-up visits, there appeared to be rebound of the bone level radiographically. Within the limits of this case report, conventional non-surgical periodontal therapy with the adjunctive use of an 810-nm diode laser may be a feasible alternative approach for the management of peri-implantitis. The 5-year clinical and radiographic outcomes indicated maintenance of the clinical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Roncati
- Department of Specialistic and Odontostomatologic Clinical Sciences, School for Dental Hygienists, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lucchese
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Carinci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Microbiological profile and calprotectin expression in naturally occurring and experimentally induced gingivitis. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:1475-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Trombelli L, Scapoli C, Carrieri A, Giovannini G, Calura G, Farina R. Interleukin-1 beta levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum under naturally occurring and experimentally induced gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37:697-704. [PMID: 20528961 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in either naturally occurring (N-O) or experimentally induced (E-I) plaque-associated gingivitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-seven periodontally healthy subjects were evaluated in real life conditions (N-O gingivitis) as well as after 21 days of experimental gingivitis trial (E-I gingivitis). During the experimental gingivitis trial, in one maxillary quadrant (test quadrant), gingival inflammation was induced by oral hygiene abstention, while in the contralateral (control) quadrant, oral hygiene was routinely continued. IL-1 beta concentrations in N-O and E-I gingivitis were investigated for IL-1B(+3954) and IL-1B(-511) gene polymorphisms. RESULTS (i) GCF IL-1 beta concentrations in E-I gingivitis were significantly higher compared with N-O gingivitis; (ii) an intra-individual correlation between GCF concentrations of IL-1 beta detected in N-O and E-I gingivitis was observed in control quadrants, but not in test quadrants; (iii) IL-1 beta concentration in GCF was associated with IL-1B(+3954) genotype only at test quadrants; (iv) IL-1 beta was detectable in serum only at low levels in a limited number of subjects, without difference between gingivitis conditions. CONCLUSIONS Aspects of the bacterial challenge to the gingival tissues, such as the amount of plaque deposits and plaque accumulation rate, appear to affect the IL-1 beta levels in GCF in subjects with a specific IL-1B genotype.
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Figuero E, Carrillo-de-Albornoz A, Herrera D, Bascones-Martínez A. Gingival changes during pregnancy: I. Influence of hormonal variations on clinical and immunological parameters. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37:220-9. [PMID: 20070862 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Figuero
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
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Baumgartner S, Imfeld T, Schicht O, Rath C, Persson RE, Persson GR. The impact of the stone age diet on gingival conditions in the absence of oral hygiene. J Periodontol 2009; 80:759-68. [PMID: 19405829 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.080376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to assess the oral microbiota and clinical data in subjects without access to traditional oral hygiene methods and who ate a diet available in the Stone Age. METHODS Ten subjects living in an environment replicating the Stone Age for 4 weeks were enrolled in this study. Bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival and plaque indices, and probing depth (PD) were assessed at baseline and at 4 weeks. Microbiologic samples were collected at the mesio-buccal subgingival aspects of all teeth and from the dorsum of the tongue and were processed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization methods. RESULTS No subject had periodontitis. Mean BOP decreased from 34.8% to 12.6% (P <0.001). Mean gingival index scores changed from 0.38 to 0.43 (not statistically significant) and mean plaque scores increased from 0.68 to 1.47 (P <0.001). PD at sites of subgingival sampling decreased (mean difference: 0.2 mm; P <0.001). At week 4, the total bacterial count was higher (P <0.001) for 24 of 74 species, including Bacteroides ureolyticus, Eikenella corrodens, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium nucleatum naviforme, Haemophilus influenzae, Helicobacter pylori, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Staphylococcus aureus (two strains), Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus anginosis, and Streptococcus mitis. Bacterial counts from tongue samples were higher at baseline (P <0.001) for 20 species, including Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans; serotype a), and Streptococcus spp. CONCLUSIONS The experimental gingivitis protocol is not applicable if the diet (e.g., Stone Age) does not include refined sugars. Although plaque levels increased, BOP and PD decreased. Subgingival bacterial counts increased for several species not linked to periodontitis, whereas tongue bacterial samples decreased during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Baumgartner
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Department of Clinical Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Zanatta FB, Antoniazzi RP, Rösing CK. The Effect of 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Rinsing on Previously Plaque-Free and Plaque-Covered Surfaces: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. J Periodontol 2007; 78:2127-34. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.070090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
Social inequalities in health and oral health continue to present a major challenge to public health. Progress towards the development of interventions to reduce health inequalities is currently being hampered by an incomplete understanding of the causes of inequalities in health. This paper aims to provide oral health researchers with an overview of four current explanations for inequalities in oral health and to suggest further areas of research needed to advance our understanding of the causes of social inequalities in oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Lorraine Sisson
- Department of Oral Health Services Research & Dental Public Health, King's College London Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK.
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Hugo FN, Hilgert JB, Bozzetti MC, Bandeira DR, Gonçalves TR, Pawlowski J, de Sousa MDLR. Chronic stress, depression, and cortisol levels as risk indicators of elevated plaque and gingivitis levels in individuals aged 50 years and older. J Periodontol 2006; 77:1008-14. [PMID: 16734576 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.050037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of psychoneuroimmunological factors in oral hygiene has been overlooked in the dental literature. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of stress, depression, and cortisol levels in dental plaque accumulation and gingivitis in a population of individuals aged >or=50 years. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 230 subjects, selected from caregivers of demented patient groups and from social activities groups of Porto Alegre, Brazil, were evaluated. Stress was evaluated with the Lipp stress inventory, whereas depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck depression inventory. Three saliva samples (at 8, 12, and 20 hours) were collected for cortisol analysis by means of radioimmunoassay. Cortisol levels were expressed as the area under the curve of the three samples for each patient. Multivariate logistic regression was performed with the visible plaque index and gingival bleeding index as outcomes. RESULTS The mean age of subjects was 61.6 +/- 8.2 years, mean monthly income in United States dollars (US dollars) was US 668 +/- 590, and mean cortisol level was 22.1 +/- 33.7 nmol/l. A total of 51.5% of the individuals were caregivers; 9.4% were smokers, and 25.5% used interdental floss/brush. Being a caregiver (odds ratio [OR] = 3.97; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 2.08 to 7.54), using an interdental brush (OR = 0.23; 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.47), cortisol (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.09 to 3.81), and stress (OR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.03 to 2.02) were all significantly associated with visible plaque index >mean (43%). Being a caregiver (OR = 2.35; 95% CI = 1.13 to 4.86), using an interdental brush (OR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.13 to 0.77), smoking (OR = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.89), stress (OR = 1.78; 95% CI =1.31 to 2.38), and visible plaque index (mean) (OR = 12.87; 95% CI = 6.29 to 26.31) were significantly associated with a gingival bleeding index > mean (37%). CONCLUSION Stress was a significant risk indicator of elevated levels of plaque and gingivitis, whereas cortisol was a risk indicator of plaque in the sample after controlling for confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando N Hugo
- Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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