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Shakya A, Li Y, Chang NW, Liu X. Supra-Alveolar Bone Regeneration: Progress, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. COMPOSITES. PART B, ENGINEERING 2024; 283:111673. [PMID: 39071449 PMCID: PMC11270636 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent disease that damages the supporting tissues of a tooth, including the alveolar bone. Alveolar bone loss owing to periodontitis is broadly categorized as supra-alveolar and intra-alveolar bone loss. In intra-alveolar bone loss, the defect has an angular or oblique orientation to the long axis of the tooth in an apical direction. In contrast, the defect is perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth in supra-alveolar bone loss. Unlike intra-alveolar bone defects, supra-alveolar bone defects lack supporting adjacent space, which makes supra-alveolar bone regeneration more challenging. In addition, the limited availability of resources in terms of vascularity and underlying tissues is another obstacle to supra-alveolar bone regeneration. Currently, supra-alveolar bone loss is the least predictable periodontal defect type in regenerative periodontal therapy. In addition, supra-alveolar bone loss is much more common than other alveolar bone loss. Despite its prevalence, research on supra-alveolar bone regeneration remains sparse, indicating an unmet need for significant research efforts in this area. This review summarize recent advances, obstacles, and future directions in the field of supra-alveolar bone regeneration. We discuss the biomaterials, bioactive molecules, and cells that have been tested for supra-alveolar bone regeneration, followed by pre-clinical and clinical approaches employed in this field. Additionally, we highlight obstacles and present future directions that will propel supra-alveolar bone research forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Shakya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246
| | - Yingzi Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Nai-wen Chang
- Department of Periodontology, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
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Gu L, Chen J, Hu C, Wang D, Huan S, Rong G, Lv R, Xu T. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics study of embryonic breast muscle of Jiaji ducks. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:551. [PMID: 38824564 PMCID: PMC11144331 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Because number of matured muscle fibers in poultry does not increase after birth, the meat yield is mainly determined during embryogenesis. We previously indicated breast muscle grew rapidly from 18th day after hatching (E18) to E27, and almost stopped from E27 to E34 of Jiaji ducks, while the mechanism is unclear. This study utilized RNA-seq to explore the related genes of muscle development and their relationship with small molecule metabolites at E18, E27 and E34 of Jiaji ducks. Several thousand differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected among E18, E27 and E34. DEGs expression profiles included 8 trend maps, among which trend 1 was opposite to and trend 6 was consistent with breast muscle development trend of Jiaji ducks. Through joint analysis between trend 1 of DEGs and trend 1 of differential metabolites (DEMs), protein digestion and absorption pathway stood out. The decrease of COL8A2 gene expression will lead to the decrease of arginine content, which will inhibit the development of breast muscle in embryonic Jiaji duck. Similarly, joint analysis between trend 6 of DEGs and trend 6 of DEMs indicated the increase of GAMT gene expression will cause the increase of proline content, and then promote the development of breast muscle of Jiaji duck in embryonic period. These results will be helpful for further understanding the mechanism of muscle yields of Jiaji ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Gu
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, P.R. China
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571100, P.R. China
| | - Jile Chen
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, P.R. China
- School of Animal Science and Technology, School of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chengjun Hu
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Dingfa Wang
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Shuqian Huan
- College of Animal Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P.R. China
| | - Guang Rong
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Renlong Lv
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Tieshan Xu
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, P.R. China.
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Lui H, Vaquette C, Denbeigh JM, Bindra R, van Wijnen AJ, Kakar S. BMP2 and GDF5 for Compartmentalized Regeneration of the Scapholunate Ligament. J Wrist Surg 2023; 12:418-427. [PMID: 37841358 PMCID: PMC10569873 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Chronic injuries to the scapholunate ligament (SLIL) alter carpal kinematics and may progress to early degenerative osteoarthritis. To date, there is no consensus for the best method for SLIL reconstruction. This study aims to assess the use of growth factors (bone morphogenetic protein [BMP]2 and growth and differentiation factor 5 [GDF5]) for compartmentalized regeneration of bone and ligament in this multiphasic scaffold in a rabbit knee model. Case Description A total of 100 µg of BMP2 and 30 µg of GDF5 were encapsulated into a heparinized gelatin-hyaluronic acid hydrogel and loaded into the appropriate compartment of the multiphasic scaffold. The multiphasic scaffold was implanted to replace the native rabbit medial collateral ligament ( n = 16). The rabbits were randomly assigned to two different treatment groups. The first group was immobilized postoperatively with the knee pinned in flexion with K-wires for 4 weeks ( n = 8) prior to sacrifice. The second group was immobilized for 4 weeks, had the K-wires removed followed by a further 4 weeks of mobilization prior to sample harvesting. Literature Review Heterotopic ossification as early as 4 weeks was noted on gross dissection and confirmed by microcomputed tomography and histological staining. This analysis revealed formation of a bony bridge located within and over the ligament compartment in the intra-articular region. Biomechanical testing showed increased ultimate force of the ligament compartment at 4 weeks postimplantation consistent with the presence of bone formation and higher numbers of scaffold failures at the bone-tendon junction. This study has demonstrated that the addition of BMP2 and GDF5 in the bone-ligament-bone (BLB) scaffold resulted in heterotopic bone formation and failure of the ligament compartment. Clinical Relevance The implantation of a three-dimensional-printed BLB scaffold alone demonstrated superior biomechanical and histological results, and further investigation is needed as a possible clinical reconstruction for the SLIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayman Lui
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Cedryck Vaquette
- Centre for Oral Regeneration, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (COR3), School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Randy Bindra
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Sanjeev Kakar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Bengi V. U, Saygun I, Bal V, Ozcan E, Kose Ozkan C, Torun D, Avcu F, Kantarcı A. Effect of antioxidant lycopene on human osteoblasts. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 27:1637-1643. [PMID: 36416948 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate the effect of antioxidant lycopene on human osteoblasts. MATERIAL AND METHOD The human osteoblast cell line (CRL-11372) was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC Manassas, Va) and grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), penicillin (100 U/ml), and streptomycin (100 mg/ ml) at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 95% air. The effective dose of lycopene was determined by MTT assay and a real-time cell analysis (RTCA) system. Proliferative effects were analyzed by in vitro wound healing model. Gene expressions of type 1 collagen (COL1A1), osteocalcin (OCN), and growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) at 72 h. Statistical differences between test groups were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA test. RESULTS MTT assay showed that the doses between 10-5 and 1 µmol of lycopene had dose-dependent proliferative effects. The doses between 10-5 and 10-1 µmol were most effective at 72 h. Lycopene accelerates the healing rate by increasing osteoblast proliferation. CONCLUSION Results suggested that lycopene had proliferative effects on human osteoblasts, which may help to increase bone regeneration, and thus, it can be useful in tissue engineering procedures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE By the help of antioxidants like lycopene capacity, velocity and quality of new bone forming may be increased in periodontal and dental implant treatments.
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Swanson WB, Yao Y, Mishina Y. Novel approaches for periodontal tissue engineering. Genesis 2022; 60:e23499. [PMID: 36086991 PMCID: PMC9787372 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The periodontal complex involves the hard and soft tissues which support dentition, comprised of cementum, bone, and the periodontal ligament (PDL). Periodontitis, a prevalent infectious disease of the periodontium, threatens the integrity of these tissues and causes irreversible damage. Periodontal therapy aims to repair and ultimately regenerate these tissues toward preserving native dentition and improving the physiologic integration of dental implants. The PDL contains multipotent stem cells, which have a robust capacity to differentiate into various types of cells to form the PDL, cementum, and alveolar bone. Selection of appropriate growth factors and biomaterial matrices to facilitate periodontal regeneration are critical to recapitulate the physiologic organization and function of the periodontal complex. Herein, we discuss the current state of clinical periodontal regeneration including a review of FDA-approved growth factors. We will highlight advances in preclinical research toward identifying additional growth factors capable of robust repair and biomaterial matrices to augment regeneration similarly and synergistically, ultimately improving periodontal regeneration's predictability and long-term efficacy. This review should improve the readers' understanding of the molecular and cellular processes involving periodontal regeneration essential for designing comprehensive therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Benton Swanson
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, Division of ProsthodonticsUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral MedicineUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Biointerfaces InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, Division of ProsthodonticsUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Fraser D, Caton J, Benoit DSW. Periodontal Wound Healing and Regeneration: Insights for Engineering New Therapeutic Approaches. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.815810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a widespread inflammatory disease that leads to loss of the tooth supporting periodontal tissues. The few therapies available to regenerate periodontal tissues have high costs and inherent limitations, inspiring the development of new approaches. Studies have shown that periodontal tissues have an inherent capacity for regeneration, driven by multipotent cells residing in the periodontal ligament (PDL). The purpose of this review is to describe the current understanding of the mechanisms driving periodontal wound healing and regeneration that can inform the development of new treatment approaches. The biologic basis underlying established therapies such as guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and growth factor delivery are reviewed, along with examples of biomaterials that have been engineered to improve the effectiveness of these approaches. Emerging therapies such as those targeting Wnt signaling, periodontal cell delivery or recruitment, and tissue engineered scaffolds are described in the context of periodontal wound healing, using key in vivo studies to illustrate the impact these approaches can have on the formation of new cementum, alveolar bone, and PDL. Finally, design principles for engineering new therapies are suggested which build on current knowledge of periodontal wound healing and regeneration.
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Roberts JH, Halper J. Growth Factor Roles in Soft Tissue Physiology and Pathophysiology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1348:139-159. [PMID: 34807418 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80614-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Repair and healing of injured and diseased tendons has been traditionally fraught with apprehension and difficulties, and often led to rather unsatisfactory results. The burgeoning research field of growth factors has opened new venues for treatment of tendon disorders and injuries, and possibly for treatment of disorders of the aorta and major arteries as well. Several chapters in this volume elucidate the role of transforming growth factor β (TGFß) in pathogenesis of several heritable disorders affecting soft tissues, such as aorta, cardiac valves, and tendons and ligaments. Several members of the bone morphogenetic group either have been approved by the FDA for treatment of non-healing fractures or have been undergoing intensive clinical and experimental testing for use of healing bone fractures and tendon injuries. Because fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are involved in embryonic development of tendons and muscles among other tissues and organs, the hope is that applied research on FGF biological effects will lead to the development of some new treatment strategies providing that we can control angiogenicity of these growth factors. The problem, or rather question, regarding practical use of imsulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in tendon repair is whether IGF-I acts independently or under the guidance of growth hormone. FGF2 or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) alone or in combination with IGF-I stimulates regeneration of periodontal ligament: a matter of importance in Marfan patients with periodontitis. In contrast, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) appears to have rather deleterious effects on experimental tendon healing, perhaps because of its angiogenic activity and stimulation of matrix metalloproteinases-proteases whose increased expression has been documented in a variety of ruptured tendons. Other modalities, such as local administration of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and/or of mesenchymal stem cells have been explored extensively in tendon healing. Though treatment with PRP and mesenchymal stem cells has met with some success in horses (who experience a lot of tendon injuries and other tendon problems), the use of PRP and mesenchymal stem cells in people has been more problematic and requires more studies before PRP and mesenchymal stem cells can become reliable tools in management of soft tissue injuries and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Roberts
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jaroslava Halper
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Basic Sciences, AU/UGA Medical Partnership, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Kim S, Kwon OJ, Lee J, Kim J, Kim TH, Kim K. A Brief Overview of Recent Engineering Approaches for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration Using Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Administration. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lui H, Denbeigh J, Vaquette C, Tran HM, Dietz AB, Cool SM, Dudakovic A, Kakar S, van Wijnen AJ. Fibroblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) is enhanced by hypoxia in 3D cultures treated with bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) and growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5). Gene 2021; 788:145662. [PMID: 33887373 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Culture conditions and differentiation cocktails may facilitate cell maturation and extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion and support the production of engineered fibroblastic tissues with applications in ligament regeneration. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of two connective tissue-related ligands (i.e., BMP6 and GDF5) to mediate collagenous ECM synthesis and tissue maturation in vitro under normoxic and hypoxic conditions based on the hypothesis that BMP6 and GDF5 are components of normal paracrine signalling events that support connective tissue homeostasis. METHODS Human adipose-derived MSCs were seeded on 3D-printed medical-grade polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds using a bioreactor and incubated in media containing GDF5 and/or BMP6 for 21 days in either normoxic (5% oxygen) or hypoxic (2% oxygen) conditions. Constructs were harvested on Day 3 and 21 for cell viability analysis by live/dead staining, structural analysis by scanning electron microscopy, mRNA levels by RTqPCR analysis, and in situ deposition of proteins by immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Pro-fibroblastic gene expression is enhanced by hypoxic culture conditions compared to normoxic conditions. Hypoxia renders cells more responsive to treatment with BMP6 as reflected by increased expression of ECM mRNA levels on Day 3 with sustained expression until Day 21. GDF5 was not particularly effective either in the absence or presence of BMP6. CONCLUSIONS Fibroblastic differentiation of MSCs is selectively enhanced by BMP6 and not GDF5. Environmental factors (i.e., hypoxia) also influenced the responsiveness of cells to this morphogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayman Lui
- Griffith University, School of Medicine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Janet Denbeigh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Cedryck Vaquette
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hoai My Tran
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Allan B Dietz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Simon M Cool
- Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sanjeev Kakar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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Galli M, Yao Y, Giannobile WV, Wang HL. Current and future trends in periodontal tissue engineering and bone regeneration. PLASTIC AND AESTHETIC RESEARCH 2021; 8. [PMID: 35765666 PMCID: PMC9236184 DOI: 10.20517/2347-9264.2020.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal tissue engineering involves a multi-disciplinary approach towards the regeneration of periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone surrounding teeth, whereas bone regeneration specifically applies to ridge reconstruction in preparation for future implant placement, sinus floor augmentation and regeneration of peri-implant osseous defects. Successful periodontal regeneration is based on verifiable cementogenesis on the root surface, oblique insertion of periodontal ligament fibers and formation of new and vital supporting bone. Ultimately, regenerated periodontal and peri-implant support must be able to interface with surrounding host tissues in an integrated manner, withstand biomechanical forces resulting from mastication, and restore normal function and structure. Current regenerative approaches utilized in everyday clinical practice are mainly guided tissue/bone regeneration-based. Although these approaches have shown positive outcomes for small and medium-sized defects, predictability of clinical outcomes is heavily dependent on the defect morphology and clinical case selection. In many cases, it is still challenging to achieve predictable regenerative outcomes utilizing current approaches. Periodontal tissue engineering and bone regeneration (PTEBR) aims to improve the state of patient care by promoting reconstitution of damaged and lost tissues through the use of growth factors and signaling molecules, scaffolds, cells and gene therapy. The present narrative review discusses key advancements in PTEBR including current and future trends in preclinical and clinical research, as well as the potential for clinical translatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Galli
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - William V Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute, North Campus Research Complex, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Li X, Wang F, Lan Y, Bian R, Wang Y, Zhang X, Guo Y, Xiao L, Ni W, Zhao X, Luo G, Zhan R. GDF-5 induces epidermal stem cell migration via RhoA-MMP9 signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:1939-1948. [PMID: 33369147 PMCID: PMC7882973 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration of epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) is critical for wound re-epithelization and wound healing. Recently, growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) was discovered to have multiple biological effects on wound healing; however, its role in EpSCs remains unclear. In this work, recombinant mouse GDF-5 (rmGDF-5) was found via live imaging in vitro to facilitate the migration of mouse EpSCs in a wound-scratch model. Western blot and real-time PCR assays demonstrated that the expression levels of RhoA and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) were correlated with rmGDF-5 concentration. Furthermore, we found that rmGDF-5 stimulated mouse EpSC migration in vitro by regulating MMP9 expression at the mRNA and protein levels through the RhoA signalling pathway. Moreover, in a deep partial-thickness scald mouse model in vivo, GDF-5 was confirmed to promote EpSC migration and MMP9 expression via RhoA, as evidenced by the tracking of cells labelled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU). The current study showed that rmGDF-5 can promote mouse EpSC migration in vitro and in vivo and that GDF-5 can trigger the migration of EpSCs via RhoA-MMP9 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanxin Lan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ruyu Bian
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Chenzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanhua University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Ni
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Chenzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanhua University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rixing Zhan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Nica C, Lin Z, Sculean A, Asparuhova MB. Adsorption and Release of Growth Factors from Four Different Porcine-Derived Collagen Matrices. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2635. [PMID: 32526991 PMCID: PMC7321618 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Xenogeneic acellular collagen matrices represent a safe alternative to autologous soft tissue transplants in periodontology and implant dentistry. Here, we aimed to investigate the adsorption and release of growth factors from four porcine-derived collagen matrices using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Non-crosslinked collagen matrix (NCM), crosslinked collagen matrix (CCM), dried acellular dermal matrix (DADM), and hydrated acellular dermal matrix (HADM) adsorbed each of the following growth factors, TGF-β1, FGF-2, PDGF-BB, GDF-5 and BMP-2, with an efficiency close to 100%. Growth factor release for a 13-day period was in the range of 10-50% of the adsorbed protein, except for the BMP-2 release that was in the range of 5-7%. Generally, protein release occurred in two phases. Phase I was arbitrary defined by the highest release from the matrices, usually within 24 h. Phase II, spanning the period immediately after the peak release until day 13, corresponded to the delayed release of the growth factors from the deeper layers of the matrices. HADM showed significantly (P < 0.001) higher TGF-β1, FGF-2, and PDGF-BB release in phase II, compared to the rest of the matrices. NCM exhibited significantly (P < 0.001) higher FGF-2 release in phase II, compared to CCM and DADM as well as a characteristic second peak in PDGF-BB release towards the middle of the tested period. In contrast to NCM and HADM, CCM and DADM showed a gradual and significantly higher release of GDF-5 in the second phase. Several burst releases of BMP-2 were characteristic for all matrices. The efficient adsorption and sustained protein release in the first 13 days, and the kinetics seen for HADM, with a burst release within hours and high amount of released growth factor within a secondary phase, may be beneficial for the long-term tissue regeneration following reconstructive periodontal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nica
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, Dental Research Center, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.N.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Zhikai Lin
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, Dental Research Center, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.N.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Zhizaoju Road 639, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Maria B. Asparuhova
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, Dental Research Center, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.N.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
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Carmagnola D, Pellegrini G, Dellavia C, Rimondini L, Varoni E. Tissue engineering in periodontology: Biological mediators for periodontal regeneration. Int J Artif Organs 2019; 42:241-257. [DOI: 10.1177/0391398819828558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Teeth and the periodontal tissues represent a highly specialized functional system. When periodontal disease occurs, the periodontal complex, composed by alveolar bone, root cementum, periodontal ligament, and gingiva, can be lost. Periodontal regenerative medicine aims at recovering damaged periodontal tissues and their functions by different means, including the interaction of bioactive molecules, cells, and scaffolds. The application of growth factors, in particular, into periodontal defects has shown encouraging effects, driving the wound healing toward the full, multi-tissue periodontal regeneration, in a precise temporal and spatial order. The aim of the present comprehensive review is to update the state of the art concerning tissue engineering in periodontology, focusing on biological mediators and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Carmagnola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gaia Pellegrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Dellavia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro,” Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases, CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro,” Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Varoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Yang JM, Yang KI, Lee KH, Choi SH, Kim BO, Park JC, Yu SJ. Effects of platelet-rich plasma on tooth replantation in dogs: a histologic and histomorphometric analysis. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2018; 48:224-235. [PMID: 30202606 PMCID: PMC6125669 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2018.48.4.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on periodontal healing of replanted root surfaces in dogs histologically and histomorphometrically. Methods A total of 36 roots of mandibular incisors and premolars from 6 mongrel dogs were used. The roots were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1) a positive control group (n=12), in which the periodontal ligament (PDL) and cementum were retained and the roots were soaked in saline; 2) a negative control group (n=12), in which the PDL and cementum were removed and the roots were soaked in saline; and 3) an experimental group (n=12), in which the PDL and cementum were removed and the roots were soaked in PRP. After soaking the root surfaces, the extracted roots were replanted into the extraction sockets. The roots were covered using a coronally repositioned flap Results Histologically, irregular-thickness PDL-like and cementum-like tissues were observed in the 4-week experimental group and the positive control group. PDL-like tissue and cementum-like tissue with a more uniform thickness were observed at 8 weeks. In the negative control group, PDL-like tissue and cementum-like tissue were rarely found, and root resorption and ankylosis were observed. In the cross-sectional histomorphometric analysis, the experimental group demonstrated a higher rate of formation of cementum-like tissue and a lower tooth ankylosis rate than the positive and negative control groups at 4 and 8 weeks. Although there was a significant difference in the tooth ankylosis rate and the formation of cementum-like tissue across the 3 groups (P<0.05), no statistical significance was observed between any pair of groups (P>0.017). Conclusions Applying PRP to root surfaces during tooth replantation in dogs can reduce tooth ankylosis and increase PDL-like and cementum-like tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Mo Yang
- Department of Periodontology, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Keon-Il Yang
- Department of Periodontology, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Ock Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- Department of Oral Histology/Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Joun Yu
- Department of Periodontology, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea
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GDF5 significantly augments the bone formation induced by an injectable, PLGA fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming cement in a sheep defect model of lumbar osteopenia. Spine J 2017. [PMID: 28642196 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Biodegradable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) represents a promising option for the surgical treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Because of augmented local bone catabolism, however, additional targeted delivery of bone morphogenetic proteins with the CPC may be needed to promote rapid and complete bone regeneration. PURPOSE In the present study, an injectable, poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming cement (CPC) containing the bone morphogenetic protein GDF5 was tested in a sheep lumbar osteopenia model. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING This is a prospective experimental animal study. METHODS Defined bone defects (diameter 5 mm) were placed in aged, osteopenic female sheep. Defects were treated with fiber-reinforced CPC alone (L4; CPC+fibers) or with CPC containing different dosages of GDF5 (L5; CPC+fibers+GDF5; 1, 5, 100, and 500 µg GDF5; n=5 or 6 each). The results were compared with those of untouched controls (L1). Three and 9 months postoperation, structural and functional effects of the CPC (±GDF5) were assessed ex vivo by measuring (1) bone mineral density (BMD); (2) bone structure, that is, bone volume/total volume (assessed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry), trabecular thickness, and trabecular number; (3) bone formation, that is, osteoid volume/bone volume, osteoid surface/bone surface, osteoid thickness, mineralized surface/bone surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate/bone surface; (4) bone resorption, that is, eroded surface/bone surface; and (5) compressive strength. RESULTS Compared with untouched controls (L1), both CPC+fibers (L4) and CPC+fibers+GDF5 (L5) numerically or significantly improved all parameters of bone formation, bone resorption, and bone structure. These significant effects were observed both at 3 and 9 months, but for some parameters they were less pronounced at 9 months. Compared with CPC without GDF5, additional significant effects of CPC with GDF5 were demonstrated for BMD and parameters of bone formation and structure (bone volume/total volume, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number, as well as mineralized surface/bone surface). The GDF5 effects were dose-dependent (predominantly in the 5-100 µg range) at 3 and 9 months. CONCLUSIONS GDF5 significantly enhanced the bone formation induced by a PLGA fiber-reinforced CPC in sheep lumbar osteopenia. The results indicated that a local dose as low as ≤100 µg GDF5 may be sufficient to augment middle to long-term bone formation. The novel CPC+GDF5 combination may thus qualify as an alternative to the bioinert, supraphysiologically stiff poly(methyl methacrylate) cement currently applied for vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty of osteoporotic vertebral fractures.
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Yin X, Li P, Li Y, Cai Y, Wen J, Luan Q. Growth/differentiation factor-5 promotes in vitro/vivo periodontal specific differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4111-4117. [PMID: 29067102 PMCID: PMC5647693 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a promising alternative source of MSCs for effective periodontal regeneration. Scientific evidence has demonstrated that growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) supports regeneration of periodontal tissues and has a key role in MSC differentiation. The present study investigated the effects of recombinant human GDF-5 (rhGDF-5) on periodontal specific differentiation of iPSC-derived MSCs (iPSC-MSCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). rhGDF-5 treatment in vitro significantly enhanced the expression levels of marker genes associated with osteogenesis (OCN), fibrogenesis (periostin) and cementogenesis (CAP) in the iPSC-MSCs compared with untreated controls (all P<0.05). Interestingly, the rhGDF-5-treated BMSCs failed to exhibit overexpression of periostin and CAP despite highly upregulated expression of OCN. In the presence of rhGDF-5, both the iPSC-MSCs and BMSCs demonstrated marked formation of mineralized nodules. Notably, rhGDF-5 greatly promoted periodontal specific differentiation of the iPSC-MSCs encapsulated in hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels in vivo as determined by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. The majority of the PKH67-labeled iPSC-MSCs implanted with rhGDF-5 exhibited strong expression of OCN, periostin and CAP. In conclusion, iPSC-MSCs demonstrate high periodontal specific differentiation potential in response to rhGDF-5 both in vitro and in vivo. The delivery of iPSC-MSCs and rhGDF-5 with HA hydrogel may have beneficial effects in regenerative periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yin
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Stem Cell Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Wen
- Stem Cell Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Qingxian Luan
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
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Yang DH, Yoon SJ, Lee DW. Preparation and Evaluation of Dexamethasone (DEX)/Growth and Differentiation Factor-5 (GDF-5) Surface-Modified Titanium Using β-Cyclodextrin-Conjugated Heparin (CD-Hep) for Enhanced Osteogenic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081695. [PMID: 28771196 PMCID: PMC5578085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most ideal implant models in the dental and orthopedic fields to minimize the failure rate of implantation involve the improvement of osseointegration with host bone. Therefore, a focus of this study is the preparation of surface-modified titanium (Ti) samples of disc and screw types using dexamethasone (DEX) and/or growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), as well as the evaluation of their efficacies on bone formation in vitro and in vivo. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement were used to evaluate the surface chemical composition, surface morphology and wettability, respectively. The results showed that implant surfaces were successfully modified with DEX and/or GDF-5, and had rough surfaces along with hydrophilicity. DEX, GDF-5 or DEX/GDF-5 on the surface-modified samples were rapidly released within one day and released for 28 days in a sustained manner. The proliferation and bone formation of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on pristine and surface-modified implants in vitro were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, as well as the measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, respectively. MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on DEX/GDF-5–Ti showed noticeable ALP activity and calcium deposition in vitro. Active bone formation and strong osseointegration occurred at the interface between DEX/GDF-5–Ti and host bone, as evaluated by micro computed-tomography (micro CT) analysis. Surface modification using DEX/GDF-5 could be a good method for advanced implants for orthopaedic and dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyeok Yang
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Sun-Jung Yoon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
| | - Deok-Won Lee
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Korea.
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Yang DH, Moon SW, Lee DW. Surface Modification of Titanium with BMP-2/GDF-5 by a Heparin Linker and Its Efficacy as a Dental Implant. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010229. [PMID: 28124978 PMCID: PMC5297858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we prepared human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types for controlled release of the growth factors (GFs). The two growth factors were coated onto Ti with a smooth surface using their specific interaction with heparin, because they have heparin binding sites in their molecular structures. Efficacy of the two growth factor-coated Ti for enhancement of bone formation and osseointegration was compared to pristine Ti, and hBMP-2- and hGDF-5-coated Ti in vivo. The surface chemical composition, surface morphology, and wettability characteristics of the metal samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement, respectively. The initial burst of hBMP-2, hGDF-5, and their combination, occurred within one day of the release study, resulting in 12.5%, 4.5%, and 13.5%/3.2%, and then there was a sustained, even release of these two growth factors from the coated metal for 30 days. In vitro tests revealed that MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the two growth factor-coated Ti had a higher proliferation rate and a higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which led to a larger amount of calcium deposition and larger expressions of type I collagen (COL 1), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs. In vivo animal tests using ten white New Zealand rabbits showed that the two growth factor-coated Ti enhanced bone formation and osseointegration at the interface between the implants and host bone. In addition, histological evaluation showed that bone remodeling, including bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts, actively occurred between the two growth factor-coated Ti and host bone. Consequently, it is suggested that Ti surface modification with the combination of hBMP-2 and hGDF-5 for the two growth factor-coated Ti implants can improve the clinical properties of implants for orthopedic and dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyeok Yang
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Sang Woong Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02454, Korea.
| | - Deok-Won Lee
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, #892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, Korea.
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The use of heparin chemistry to improve dental osteogenesis associated with implants. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 157:1750-1758. [PMID: 27987891 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we designed a hybrid Ti by heparin modifying the Ti surface followed by Growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) loading. After that, products were characterized by physicochemical analysis. Quantitative analysis of functionalized groups was also confirmed. The release behavior of GDF-5 grafted samples was confirmed for up to 21days. The surface modification process was found to be successful and to effectively immobilize GDF-5 and provide for its sustained release behavior. As an in vitro test, GDF-5 loaded Ti showed significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation with increased calcium deposition under nontoxic conditions against periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSc). Furthermore, an in vivo result showed that GDF-5 loaded Ti had a significant influence on new bone formation in a rabbit model. These results clearly confirmed that our strategy may suggest a useful paradigm by inducing osseo-integration as a means to remodeling and healing of bone defects for restorative procedures in dentistry.
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Luo XW, Liu K, Chen Z, Zhao M, Han XW, Bai YG, Feng G. Adenovirus-mediated GDF-5 promotes the extracellular matrix expression in degenerative nucleus pulposus cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 17:30-42. [PMID: 26739524 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a recombinant adenovirus vector-carrying human growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) gene, investigate the biological effects of adenovirus-mediated GDF-5 (Ad-GDF-5) on extracellular matrix (ECM) expression in human degenerative disc nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, and explore a candidate gene therapy method for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). METHODS Human NP cells of a degenerative disc were isolated, cultured, and infected with Ad-GDF-5 using the AdEasy-1 adenovirus vector system. On Days 3, 7, 14, and 21, the contents of the sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and hydroxyproline (Hyp), synthesis of proteoglycan and collagen II, gene expression of collagen II and aggrecan, and NP cell proliferation were assessed. RESULTS The adenovirus was an effective vehicle for gene delivery with prolonged expression of GDF-5. Biochemical analysis revealed increased sGAG and Hyp contents in human NP cells infected by Ad-GDF-5 whereas there was no conspicuous change in basal medium (BM) or Ad-green fluorescent protein (GFP) groups. Only cells in the Ad-GDF-5 group promoted the production of ECM, as demonstrated by the secretion of proteoglycan and up-regulation of collagen II and aggrecan at both protein and mRNA levels. The NP cell proliferation was significantly promoted. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that Ad-GDF-5 gene therapy is a potential treatment for IDD, which restores the functions of degenerative intervertebral disc through enhancing the ECM production of human NP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-wei Luo
- Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital and the Second Clinical Institute of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital and the Second Clinical Institute of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital and the Second Clinical Institute of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital and the Second Clinical Institute of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Xiao-wei Han
- Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital and the Second Clinical Institute of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Yi-guang Bai
- Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital and the Second Clinical Institute of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital and the Second Clinical Institute of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
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Yin X, Li Y, Li J, Li P, Liu Y, Wen J, Luan Q. Generation and periodontal differentiation of human gingival fibroblasts-derived integration-free induced pluripotent stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:726-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pasupuleti MK, Molahally SS, Salwaji S. Ethical guidelines, animal profile, various animal models used in periodontal research with alternatives and future perspectives. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2016; 20:360-368. [PMID: 28298815 PMCID: PMC5341308 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.186931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory animal models serve as a facilitator to investigate the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease, are used to know the efficacy of reconstructive and regenerative procedures, and are also helpful in evaluation of newer therapeutic techniques including laser and implant therapies prior to application in the human beings. The aim of this review is to know the different animal models used in various specialties of dental research and to know the ethical guidelines prior to the usage of experimental models with main emphasis on how to refine, replace, and reduce the number of animal models usage in the laboratory. An online search for experimental animal models used in dental research was performed using MEDLINE/PubMed database. Publications from 2009 to May 2013 in the specialty of periodontics were included in writing this review. A total of 652 references were published in PubMed/MEDLINE databases based on the search terms used. Out of 245 studies, 241 were related to the periodontal research published in English from 2009 to 2013. Relevant papers were chosen according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After extensive electronic and hand search on animal models, it has been observed that various animal models were used in dental research. Search on animal models used for dental research purpose revealed that various animals such as rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbit, beagle dogs, goats, and nonhuman primates were extensively used. However, with the new advancement of ex vivo animal models, it has become easy to investigate disease pathogenesis and to test the efficacy of newer therapeutic modalities with the reduced usage of animal models. This review summarized the large amount of literature on animal models used in periodontal research with main emphasis on ethical guidelines and on reducing the animal model usage in future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Kumar Pasupuleti
- Department of Periodontics, St. Joseph Dental College, Duggirala, Eluru, West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Supraja Salwaji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, St. Joseph Dental College, Duggirala, Eluru, West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Proksch S, Bittermann G, Vach K, Nitschke R, Tomakidi P, Hellwig E. hMSC-Derived VEGF Release Triggers the Chemoattraction of Alveolar Osteoblasts. Stem Cells 2015; 33:3114-24. [PMID: 26235535 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are promising candidates for regenerative periodontal strategies, due to the broad spectrum of supportive effects on cells and tissues at the site of application. Although positive effects are visible, the understanding of their underlying mechanisms still requires further elucidation. Recently, we have shown that hMSCs are capable to prompt osteogenic differentiation of alveolar osteoblasts, thereby presumably contributing to alveolar bone regeneration. Another issue that is critical in this context is the attraction of hard tissue-forming cells to regeneration sites, but it is an open question whether hMSCs can afford this. In the present manuscript, we show by life cell imaging that in interactive cocultures, hMSCs successfully trigger osteoblast chemotaxis. Gene expression analysis for hMSC-innate chemoattractive biomolecules, orchestrating this process, revealed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), PgE synthase, osteoprotegerin (OPG), monocyte colony-stimulating factor, and transforming growth factor β1, which was confirmed for VEGF and OPG on the protein level. Noteworthy, we showed that only corresponding levels of VEGF but not OPG attracted alveolar osteoblasts similar to hMSC coculture, while VEGF inhibitor abolished both the VEGF and the hMSC-triggered chemoattraction. In summary, we have identified secreted OPG and VEGF proteins as potential chemoattractants, of which further characterization yielded VEGF as a causative for hMSC-directed osteoblast chemotaxis. With respect to the better understanding of potential hMSC-based periodontal regeneration strategies, we propose hMSC-derived VEGF release as a mechanism in the recruitment of hard tissue-forming cells to alveolar bone sites in need of regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Proksch
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gido Bittermann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Department of Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, Division of Data Analysis and Modelling, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Nitschke
- Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Life Imaging Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, Centre for Dental Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Germany
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Degenkolbe E, Schwarz C, Ott CE, König J, Schmidt-Bleek K, Ellinghaus A, Schmidt T, Lienau J, Plöger F, Mundlos S, Duda GN, Willie BM, Seemann P. Improved bone defect healing by a superagonistic GDF5 variant derived from a patient with multiple synostoses syndrome. Bone 2015; 73:111-9. [PMID: 25543012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple synostoses syndrome 2 (SYNS2) is a rare genetic disease characterized by multiple fusions of the joints of the extremities, like phalangeal joints, carpal and tarsal joints or the knee and elbows. SYNS2 is caused by point mutations in the Growth and Differentiation Factor 5 (GDF5), which plays an essential role during skeletal development and regeneration. We selected one of the SYNS2-causing GDF5 mutations, p.N445T, which is known to destabilize the interaction with the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) antagonist NOGGIN (NOG), in order to generate the superagonistic GDF5 variant GDF5(N445T). In this study, we tested its capacity to support regeneration in a rat critical-sized defect model in vivo. MicroCT and histological analyses indicate that GDF5(N445T)-treated defects show faster and more efficient healing compared to GDF5 wild type (GDF5(wt))-treated defects. Microarray-based gene expression and quantitative PCR analyses from callus tissue point to a specific acceleration of the early phases of bone healing, comprising the inflammation and chondrogenesis phase. These results support the concept that disease-deduced growth factor variants are promising lead structures for novel therapeutics with improved clinical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Degenkolbe
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Schwarz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claus-Eric Ott
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana König
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnes Ellinghaus
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Schmidt
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasmin Lienau
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Mundlos
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina M Willie
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Seemann
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Schmidt-Bleek K, Petersen A, Dienelt A, Schwarz C, Duda GN. Initiation and early control of tissue regeneration - bone healing as a model system for tissue regeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:247-59. [PMID: 24397854 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.857653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tissue regeneration in itself is a fascinating process that promises repeated renewal of tissue and organs. AREAS COVERED This article aims to illustrate the different strategies available to control tissue regeneration at a very early stage, using bone as an exemplary tissue. The aspects of a controlled inflammatory cascade to achieve a balanced immune response, cell therapeutic approaches for improved tissue formation and angiogenesis, guiding the organization of newly formed extracellular matrix by biomaterials, the relevance of mechanical signals for tissue regeneration processes, and the chances and limitations of growth factor treatments are discussed. EXPERT OPINION The currently available knowledge is reviewed and perspectives for potential new targets are given. This is done under the assumption that early identification of risk patients as well as the application of early intervention strategies is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery , Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin , Germany +49 30 450 536196 ; +49 30 450 559969 ;
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Lee J, Wikesjö UM. Growth/differentiation factor-5: pre-clinical and clinical evaluations of periodontal regeneration and alveolar augmentation - review. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:797-805. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaebum Lee
- Laboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Regeneration (LAPCR); Department of Periodontics; Georgia Regents University College of Dental Medicine; Augusta GA USA
| | - Ulf M.E. Wikesjö
- Laboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Regeneration (LAPCR); Departments of Periodontics & Oral Biology; Georgia Regents University College of Dental Medicine; Augusta GA USA
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Susin C, Wikesjö UME. Regenerative periodontal therapy: 30 years of lessons learned and unlearned. Periodontol 2000 2014; 62:232-42. [PMID: 23574469 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we reflect upon advances and hindrances encountered over the last three decades in the development of strategies for periodontal regeneration. In this soul-searching pursuit we focus on revisiting lessons learned that should guide us in the quest for the reconstruction of the lost periodontium. We also examine beliefs and traditions that should be unlearned so that we can continue to advance the field. This learned/unlearned body of knowledge is consolidated into core principles to help us to develop new therapeutic approaches to benefit our patients and ultimately our society.
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Yamano S, Haku K, Yamanaka T, Dai J, Takayama T, Shohara R, Tachi K, Ishioka M, Hanatani S, Karunagaran S, Wada K, Moursi AM. The effect of a bioactive collagen membrane releasing PDGF or GDF-5 on bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2013; 35:2446-53. [PMID: 24388383 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative procedures using barrier membrane technology are presently well established in periodontal/endodontic surgery. The objective of this study was to compare the subsequent effects of the released platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and growth/differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) from collagen membranes (CMs) on bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies were conducted using MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblasts cultured with or without factors. Cell viability, cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone marker gene expression were then measured. In vivo studies were conducted by placing CMs with low or high dose PDGF or GDF-5 in rat mandibular defects. At 4 weeks after surgery new bone formation was measured using μCT and histological analysis. The results of in vitro studies showed that CM/GDF-5 significantly increased ALP and cell proliferation activities without cytotoxicity in MC3T3-E1 cells when compared to CM/PDGF or CM alone. Gene expression analysis revealed that Runx2 and Osteocalcin were significantly increased in CM/GDF-5 compared to CM/PDGF or control. Quantitative and qualitative μCT and histological analysis for new bone formation revealed that although CM/PDGF significantly enhanced bone regeneration compared to CM alone or control, CM/GDF-5 significantly accelerated bone regeneration to an even greater extent than CM/PDGF. The results also showed that GDF-5 induced new bone formation in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that this strategy, using a CM carrying GDF-5, might lead to an improvement in the current clinical treatment of bone defects for periodontal and implant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Yamano
- Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | - Ken Haku
- Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Takuto Yamanaka
- Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Jisen Dai
- Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Tadahiro Takayama
- Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Ryutaro Shohara
- Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Keita Tachi
- Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Mika Ishioka
- Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Shigeru Hanatani
- Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Sanjay Karunagaran
- Department of Prosthodontics, The University of Tennessee College of Dentistry, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Keisuke Wada
- Department of Periodontics, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amr M Moursi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
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Kim YT, Wikesjö UM, Jung UW, Lee JS, Kim TG, Kim CK. Comparison Between a β-Tricalcium Phosphate and an Absorbable Collagen Sponge Carrier Technology for rhGDF-5–Stimulated Periodontal Wound Healing/Regeneration. J Periodontol 2013; 84:812-20. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Chantarawaratit P, Sangvanich P, Banlunara W, Soontornvipart K, Thunyakitpisal P. Acemannan sponges stimulate alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal ligament regeneration in a canine class II furcation defect model. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:164-78. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Chantarawaratit
- Faculty of Dentistry; Dental Biomaterials Program; Graduate School; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Materials Science; Faculty of Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - P. Sangvanich
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - W. Banlunara
- Department of Pathology; Faculty of Veterinary Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - K. Soontornvipart
- Department of Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - P. Thunyakitpisal
- Research Unit of Herbal Medicine and Natural Product for Dental Application; Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
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Patil AS, Merchant Y, Nagarajan P. Tissue Engineering of Craniofacial Tissues – A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7243/2050-1218-2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Leknes KN, Yang J, Qahash M, Polimeni G, Susin C, Wikesjö UME. Alveolar ridge augmentation using implants coated with recombinant human growth/differentiation factor -5 (rhGDF-5). Radiographic observations. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 24:1185-91. [PMID: 22882602 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Application of growth factors onto dental implant surfaces is being considered to support local bone formation. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and BMP-7 have been shown to support local bone formation, but are also associated with adverse events including seroma formation, extensive bone remodeling, and implant displacement captured in the radiographic evaluation. This report presents mineralized tissue formation and associated adverse events following implantation of recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5 (rhGDF-5) coated onto a purpose-designed titanium porous-oxide implant surface. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twelve young adult Labrador dogs were used. Three 10-mm titanium implants/jaw quadrant were placed 5 mm into the alveolar ridge in the posterior mandible following surgical extraction of the premolar teeth and reduction of the alveolar ridge. Six animals received implants coated with rhGDF-5 at 30 or 60 μg/implant in contralateral jaw quadrants. Six animals received implants coated with rhGDF-5 at 120 μg/implant or uncoated implants (sham-surgery control) using the same split-mouth design. The mucoperiosteal flaps were advanced, adapted, and sutured to submerge the implants. Radiographic recordings were made immediately postsurgery (baseline), and at week 4 and 8 (end of study). Two masked examiners performed the analysis using computer enhanced radiographic images. RESULTS rhGDF-5 coated implants displayed mineralized tissue formation significantly exceeding that of the sham-surgery control in a dose-dependent order. The greatest increase was observed for implants coated with rhGDF-5 at 60 μg and 120 μg amounting to approximately 2.2 mm for both groups at 8 weeks. Importantly, none of the implants showed evidence of peri-implant bone remodeling, implant displacement, or seroma formation. The newly formed mineralized tissues assumed characteristics of the resident bone. CONCLUSIONS rhGDF-5 coated onto a titanium porous-oxide implant surface exhibits a dose-dependent potential to stimulate local mineralized tissue formation. Application of rhGDF-5 appears safe as it is associated with limited, if any, adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut N Leknes
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Abstract
The specialty of craniofacial surgery is broad and includes trauma, aesthetics, reconstruction of congenital deformities, and regeneration of tissues. Moreover, craniofacial surgery deals with a diverse range of tissues including both "soft" and "hard" tissues. Technological advances in materials and biological sciences and improved surgical techniques have remarkably improved clinical outcomes. The quest to raise the bar for patient care continues to inspire advances for predictable biological regeneration of soft and hard tissues. As a consequence of this quest for advancement, a wide spectrum of biologicals is becoming available to surgeons. Is the use of recombinant DNA engineered biologicals daring? Sensible? Logical? Timely? Safe? It is crucial for the practicing craniofacial surgeon to take a step back periodically and carefully review the biological factors that have the potential for dramatically altering the discipline of craniofacial surgery. With this emphasis, the coauthors of this article will focus on growth factor technology underscoring bone tissue regeneration. As the 21st-century matures, recombinant human biologicals will have an overwhelming impact on the practice of craniofacial surgery.
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Elangovan S, Avila-Ortiz G, Johnson GK, Karimbux N, Allareddy V. Quality assessment of systematic reviews on periodontal regeneration in humans. J Periodontol 2012; 84:176-85. [PMID: 22509753 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic reviews represent the highest form of evidence in the current hierarchy of evidence-based dentistry. Critical analysis of published systematic reviews may help to analyze their strengths and weaknesses and to identify areas that need future improvement. The aim of this overview is to determine and compare the quality of systematic reviews published in the field of periodontal regeneration using established checklists, such as the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) guidelines. METHODS A systematic search was conducted to retrieve reviews on periodontal regeneration in humans. A total of 14 systematic reviews were selected using a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers appraised the quality of the selected reviews using AMSTAR guidelines. Each article was given an AMSTAR total score, based on the number of AMSTAR criteria that were fulfilled. The quality of included reviews was further assessed using a checklist proposed in 2003. RESULTS Only one of the selected systematic reviews satisfied all the AMSTAR guidelines, whereas two reviews satisfied just two of the 11 items. This study shows that published systematic reviews on periodontal regeneration exhibit significant structural and methodologic variability. Quality assessment using the additional checklist further confirmed the variability in the way systematic reviews were conducted and/or reported. CONCLUSION Consideration of guidelines for quality assessment, such as AMSTAR, when designing and conducting systematic reviews may increase the validity and clinical applicability of future reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Elangovan
- Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Park JC, Wikesjö UME, Koo KT, Lee JS, Kim YT, Pippig SD, Bastone P, Kim CS, Kim CK. Maturation of alveolar bone following implantation of an rhGDF-5/PLGA composite into 1-wall intra-bony defects in dogs: 24-week histometric observations. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:565-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2012.01868.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chul Park
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul; Korea
| | - Ulf M. E. Wikesjö
- Departments of Periodontics and Oral Biology; Laboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Regeneration (LAPCR); Georgia Health Sciences University College of Dental Medicine; Augusta; GA; USA
| | - Ki-Tae Koo
- Department of Periodontology; College of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul; Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Lee
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul; Korea
| | - Yong-Tae Kim
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul; Korea
| | | | | | - Chang-Sung Kim
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul; Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Kim
- Department of Periodontology; Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration (MRC); College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul; Korea
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Sood S, Gupta S, Mahendra A. Gene therapy with growth factors for periodontal tissue engineering--a review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012; 17:e301-10. [PMID: 22143705 PMCID: PMC3448311 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of oral and periodontal diseases and associated anomalies accounts for a significant proportion of the healthcare burden, with the manifestations of these conditions being functionally and psychologically debilitating. A challenge faced by periodontal therapy is the predictable regeneration of periodontal tissues lost as a consequence of disease. Growth factors are critical to the development, maturation, maintenance and repair of oral tissues as they establish an extra-cellular environment that is conducive to cell and tissue growth. Tissue engineering principles aim to exploit these properties in the development of biomimetic materials that can provide an appropriate microenvironment for tissue development. The aim of this paper is to review emerging periodontal therapies in the areas of materials science, growth factor biology and cell/gene therapy. Various such materials have been formulated into devices that can be used as vehicles for delivery of cells, growth factors and DNA. Different mechanisms of drug delivery are addressed in the context of novel approaches to reconstruct and engineer oral and tooth supporting structure.
Key words: Periodontal disease, gene therapy, regeneration, tissue repair, growth factors, tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sood
- Institute of Dental Sciences, and Hospital Panjab University Sector 25, Chandigarh, India.
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Stavropoulos A, Windisch P, Gera I, Capsius B, Sculean A, Wikesjö UME. A phase IIa randomized controlled clinical and histological pilot study evaluating rhGDF-5/β-TCP for periodontal regeneration. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38:1044-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01778.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Windisch
- Department of Periodontology; Semmelweis University; Budapest; Hungary
| | - Istvan Gera
- Department of Periodontology; Semmelweis University; Budapest; Hungary
| | | | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology; University of Berne; Bern; Switzerland
| | - Ulf M. E. Wikesjö
- Laboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Regeneration (LAPCR); Departments of Periodontics and Oral Biology; Georgia Health Sciences University College of Dental Medicine and College of Graduate Studies; Augusta; GA; USA
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Windisch P, Stavropoulos A, Molnár B, Szendröi-Kiss D, Szilágyi E, Rosta P, Horváth A, Capsius B, Wikesjö UME, Sculean A. A phase IIa randomized controlled pilot study evaluating the safety and clinical outcomes following the use of rhGDF-5/β-TCP in regenerative periodontal therapy. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:1181-9. [PMID: 21887500 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To present the safety profile, the early healing phase and the clinical outcomes at 24 weeks following treatment of human intrabony defects with open flap debridement (OFD) alone or with OFD and rhGDF-5 adsorbed onto a particulate β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) carrier. Twenty chronic periodontitis patients, each with at least one tooth exhibiting a probing depth ≥6 mm and an associated intrabony defect ≥4 mm entered the study. Ten subjects (one defect/patient) were randomized to receive OFD alone (control) and ten subjects OFD combined with rhGDF-5/β-TCP. Blood samples were collected at screening, and at weeks 2 and 24 to evaluate routine hematology and clinical chemistry, rhGDF-5 plasma levels, and antirhGDF-5 antibody formation. Plaque and gingival indices, bleeding on probing, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and radiographs were recorded pre- and 24 weeks postsurgery. Comparable safety profiles were found in the two treatment groups. Neither antirhGDF-5 antibody formation nor relevant rhGDF-5 plasma levels were detected in any patient. At 6 months, treatment with OFD + rhGDF-5/β-TCP resulted in higher but statistically not significant PD reduction (3.7 ± 1.2 vs. 3.1 ± 1.8 mm; p = 0.26) and CAL gain (3.2 ± 1.7 vs. 1.7 ± 2.2 mm; p = 0.14) compared to OFD alone. In the tested concentration, the use of rhGDF-5/β-TCP appeared to be safe and the material possesses a sound biological rationale. Thus, further adequately powered, randomized controlled clinical trials are warranted to confirm the clinical relevance of this new approach in regenerative periodontal therapy. rhGDF-5/β-TCP may represent a promising new techology in regenerative periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Windisch
- Department of Periodontology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2011; 18:83-98. [PMID: 21178692 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283432fa7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Min CK, Wikesjö UME, Park JC, Chae GJ, Pippig SD, Bastone P, Kim CS, Kim CK. Wound healing/regeneration using recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5 in an injectable poly-lactide-co-glycolide-acid composite carrier and a one-wall intra-bony defect model in dogs. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38:261-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Hughes FJ, Ghuman M, Talal A. Periodontal regeneration: a challenge for the tissue engineer? Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2010; 224:1345-58. [PMID: 21287824 DOI: 10.1243/09544119jeim820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis affects around 15 per cent of human adult populations. While periodontal treatment aimed at removing the bacterial cause of the disease is generally very successful, the ability predictably to regenerate the damaged tissues remains a major unmet objective for new treatment strategies. Existing treatments include the use of space-maintaining barrier membranes (guided tissue regeneration), use of graft materials, and application of bioactive molecules to induce regeneration, but their overall effects are relatively modest and restricted in application. The periodontal ligament is rich in mesenchymal stem cells, and the understanding of the signalling molecules that may regulate their differentation has increased enormously in recent years. Applying these principles for the development of new tissue engineering strategies for periodontal regeneration will require further work to determine the efficacy of current experimental preclinical treatments, including pharmacological application of growth factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) or Wnts, use of autologous stem cell reimplantation strategies, and development of improved biomaterial scaffolds. This article describes the background to this problem, addresses the current status of periodontal regeneration, including the background biology, and discusses the potential for some of these experimental therapies to achieve the goal of clinically predictable periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Hughes
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, Kings College London, London, UK.
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Lee JS, Wikesjö UME, Jung UW, Choi SH, Pippig S, Siedler M, Kim CK. Periodontal wound healing/regeneration following implantation of recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5 in a beta-tricalcium phosphate carrier into one-wall intrabony defects in dogs. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37:382-9. [PMID: 20447262 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5 (rhGDF-5) is being evaluated as a candidate therapy in support of periodontal regeneration. The objective of this study was to evaluate periodontal wound healing/regeneration following the application of rhGDF-5 on a particulate beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) carrier using an established defect model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bilateral 4 x 5 mm (width x depth), one-wall, critical-size, intrabony periodontal defects were surgically created at the mandibular second and fourth pre-molar teeth in 15 Beagle dogs. Unilateral defects in five animals received rhGDF-5/beta-TCP (Scil Technology GmbH); five animals received beta-TCP solo; and five animals served as sham-surgery controls. Contralateral sites received treatments reported elsewhere. The animals were sacrificed following an 8-week healing interval for histological examination. RESULTS Clinical healing was generally uneventful. Sites implanted with rhGDF-5/beta-TCP exhibited greater enhanced cementum and bone formation compared with beta-TCP and sham-surgery controls; cementum regeneration averaged (+/- SD) 3.83 +/- 0.73 versus 1.65 +/- 0.82 and 2.48 +/- 1.28 mm for the controls (p<0.05). Corresponding values for bone regeneration height averaged 3.26 +/- 0.30 versus 1.70 +/- 0.66 and 1.68 +/- 0.49 mm (p<0.05), and bone area 10.45 +/- 2.26 versus 6.31 +/- 2.41 and 3.00 +/- 1.97 mm(2) (p<0.05). Cementum regeneration included cellular/acellular cementum with or without a functionally oriented periodontal ligament. A non-specific connective tissue attachment was evident in the sham-surgery control. Controls exhibited mostly woven bone with primary osteons, whereas rhGDF-5/beta-TCP sites showed a noticeable extent of lamellar bone. Sites receiving rhGDF-5/beta-TCP or beta-TCP showed some residual beta-TCP granules apparently undergoing biodegradation without obvious differences between the sites. Sites receiving beta-TCP alone commonly showed residual beta-TCP granules sequestered in the connective tissue or fibrovascular marrow. CONCLUSION rhGDF-5/beta-TCP has a greater potential to support the regeneration of the periodontal attachment. Long-term studies are necessary to confirm the uneventful maturation of the regenerated tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Seok Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Kwon HR, Wikesjö UME, Park JC, Kim YT, Bastone P, Pippig SD, Kim CK. Growth/differentiation factor-5 significantly enhances periodontal wound healing/regeneration compared with platelet-derived growth factor-BB in dogs. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37:739-46. [PMID: 20618546 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5 (rhGDF-5) in a particulate beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) carrier is being evaluated to support periodontal regeneration. The objective of this study was to evaluate periodontal wound healing/regeneration following an established clinical (benchmark) protocol including surgical implantation of rhGDF-5/beta-TCP in comparison with that following implantation of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF) combined with a particulate beta-TCP biomaterial using an established canine defect model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bilateral, 4 x 5 mm (width x depth), one-wall, critical-size, intrabony periodontal defects were surgically created at the mandibular second and fourth pre-molar teeth in five adult Beagle dogs. Defect sites were randomized to receive rhGDF-5/beta-TCP or the rhPDGF construct followed by wound closure for primary intention healing. The animals were sacrificed following an 8-week healing interval for histological and histometric examination. RESULTS Clinical healing was generally uneventful. Sites receiving rhGDF-5/beta-TCP exhibited a significantly enhanced cementum formation compared with sites receiving the rhPDGF construct, averaging (+/-SD) 4.49+/-0.48 versus 2.72+/-0.91 mm (p<0.001). Similarly, bone regeneration height and area were significantly enhanced at sites receiving rhGDF-5/beta-TCP versus that of the rhPDGF construct averaging, 3.08+/-0.74 versus 1.29+/-0.78 mm (p<0.001) and 6.03+/-1.28 versus 2.98+/-2.61 mm(2) (p<0.01), respectively. Cementum regeneration included cellular/acellular mixed (extrinsic/intrinsic) fibre cementum at sites receiving rhGDF-5/beta-TCP; sites receiving the rhPDGF/beta-TCP showed a pre-dominantly acellular cementum. Newly formed cementum generally extended above the adjoining alveolar bone. Both protocols displayed beta-TCP residues apparently undergoing resorption. Application of both materials appears safe, as they were associated with limited, if any, adverse events. CONCLUSION rhGDF-5/beta-TCP shows a significant potential to support/accelerate periodontal wound healing/regeneration. Application of rhGDF-5/beta-TCP appears safe and should be further evaluated in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Rak Kwon
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Polimeni G, Wikesjö UME, Susin C, Qahash M, Shanaman RH, Prasad HS, Rohrer MD, Hall J. Alveolar ridge augmentation using implants coated with recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5: histologic observations. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37:759-68. [PMID: 20500538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In vitro and in vivo preclinical studies suggest that growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) may induce local bone formation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of recombinant human GDF-5 (rhGDF-5) coated onto an oral implant with a purpose-designed titanium porous oxide surface to stimulate local bone formation including osseointegration and vertical augmentation of the alveolar ridge. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bilateral, critical-size, 5 mm, supraalveolar peri-implant defects were created in 12 young adult Hound Labrador mongrel dogs. Six animals received implants coated with 30 or 60 microg rhGDF-5, and six animals received implants coated with 120 microg rhGDF-5 or left uncoated (control). Treatments were alternated between jaw quadrants. The mucoperiosteal flaps were advanced, adapted, and sutured to submerge the implants for primary intention healing. The animals received fluorescent bone markers at weeks 3, 4, 7, and 8 post-surgery when they were euthanized for histologic evaluation. RESULTS The clinical examination showed no noteworthy differences between implants coated with rhGDF-5. The cover screw and implant body were visible/palpable through the alveolar mucosa for both rhGDF-5-coated and control implants. There was a small increase in induced bone height for implants coated with rhGDF-5 compared with the control, induced bone height averaging (+/-SD) 1.6+/-0.6 mm for implants coated with 120 microg rhGDF-5 versus 1.2+/-0.5, 1.2+/-0.6, and 0.6+/-0.2 mm for implants coated with 60 microg rhGDF-5, 30 microg rhGDF-5, or left uncoated, respectively (p<0.05). Bone formation was predominant at the lingual aspect of the implants. Narrow yellow and orange fluorescent markers throughout the newly formed bone indicate relatively slow new bone formation within 3-4 weeks. Implants coated with rhGDF-5 displayed limited peri-implant bone remodelling in the resident bone; the 120 microg dose exhibiting more advanced remodelling than the 60 and 30 microg doses. All treatment groups exhibited clinically relevant osseointegration. CONCLUSIONS rhGDF-5-coated oral implants display a dose-dependent osteoinductive and/or osteoconductive effect, bone formation apparently benefiting from local factors. Application of rhGDF-5 appears to be safe as it is associated with limited, if any, adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Polimeni
- Laboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Periodontics & Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia School of Dentistry, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Kwon DH, Bisch FC, Herold RW, Pompe C, Bastone P, Rodriguez NA, Susin C, Wikesjö UME. Periodontal wound healing/regeneration following the application of rhGDF-5 in a beta-TCP/PLGA carrier in critical-size supra-alveolar periodontal defects in dogs. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37:667-74. [PMID: 20492073 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01569.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a novel recombinant human GDF-5 (rhGDF-5) construct intended for onlay and inlay indications on periodontal wound healing/regeneration. METHODS Contralateral, surgically created, critical-size, 6-mm, supra-alveolar periodontal defects in five adult Hound Labrador mongrel dogs received rhGDF-5 coated onto beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) particles and immersed in a bioresorbable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) composite or the beta-TCP/PLGA carrier alone (control). The rhGDF-5 and control constructs were moulded around the teeth and allowed to set. The gingival flaps were then advanced; flap margins were adapted 3-4 mm coronal to the teeth and sutured. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks post-surgery when block biopsies were collected for histometric analysis. RESULTS Healing was generally uneventful. A few sites exhibited minor exposures. Three control sites and one rhGDF-5 site (in separate animals) experienced more extensive wound dehiscencies. The rhGDF-5 and control constructs were easy to apply and exhibited adequate structural integrity to support the mucoperiosteal flaps in this challenging onlay model. Limited residual beta-TCP particles were observed at 8 weeks for both rhGDF-5/beta-TCP/PLGA and beta-TCP/PLGA control sites. The rhGDF-5/beta-TCP/PLGA sites showed significantly greater cementum (2.34 +/- 0.44 versus 1.13 +/- 0.25 mm, p=0.02) and bone (2.92 +/- 0.66 versus 1.21 +/- 0.30 mm, p=0.02) formation compared with the carrier control. Limited ankylosis was observed in four of five rhGDF-5/beta-TCP/PLGA sites but not in control sites. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that rhGDF-5 is a promising candidate technology in support of periodontal wound healing/regeneration. Carrier and rhGDF-5 dose optimization are necessary before further advancement of the technology towards clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Kwon
- U.S. Army Advanced Education Program in Periodontics, Ft. Gordon, GA, USA.
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