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Atanasova T, Stankova T, Bivolarska A, Vlaykova T. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Oral Health-Special Attention on MMP-8. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1514. [PMID: 37371608 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of Ca2+ and Zn2+ dependent proteolytic enzymes, able to cleave the various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as a range of other regulatory molecules. Several reports have proven the important role of both MMPs and their endogenous inhibitors, TIPMs, in oral health, the initial development of the tooth, and during enamel maturation. In this mini-review, we aim to summarize the literature information about the functions of MMPs, paying more attention to MMP-8 (collagenase-2 or neutrophil collagenase) in the development and progression of periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and carious lesions. We also emphasize the role of particular gene variants in MMP8 as predisposing factors for some oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Atanasova
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Teodora Stankova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Bivolarska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tatyana Vlaykova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Narayanan A, Söder B, Meurman J, Lundmark A, Hu YOO, Neogi U, Yucel-Lindberg T. Composition of subgingival microbiota associated with periodontitis and diagnosis of malignancy-a cross-sectional study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1172340. [PMID: 37426027 PMCID: PMC10325785 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1172340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the world's most prevalent infectious conditions, affecting between 25 and 40% of the adult population. It is a consequence of the complex interactions between periodontal pathogens and their products, which trigger the host inflammatory response, chronic inflammation, and tissue destruction. Chronic systemic low-grade inflammation is involved in numerous diseases, and it is also known that long-lasting inflammation and chronic infections predispose one to cancer. Here, we characterized and compared the subgingival microbiota associated with periodontitis and diagnosis of malignancy in a longitudinal 10-year follow-up study. The study was conducted on 50 patients with periodontitis and 40 periodontally healthy individuals. The recorded clinical oral health parameters were periodontal attachment loss (AL), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and plaque index (PI). Subgingival plaque was collected from each participant, from which DNA was extracted, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing performed. Cancer diagnoses data were collected between the years 2008-2018 from the Swedish Cancer Registry. The participants were categorized based on having cancer at the time of sample collection (CSC), having developed cancer later (DCL), and controls without any cancer. The most abundant phyla across all 90 samples were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria. At the genus level, Treponema, Fretibacterium, and Prevotella were significantly more abundant in samples of periodontitis patients compared to non-periodontitis individuals. With regard to samples of cancer patients, Corynebacterium and Streptococcus were more abundant in the CSC group; Prevotella were more abundant in the DCL group; and Rothia, Neisseria, and Capnocytophaga were more abundant in the control group. In the CSC group, we also found that the presence of periodontal inflammation, in terms of BOP, GI, and PLI, significantly correlated with species belonging to the genera Prevotella, Treponema, and Mycoplasma. Our results revealed that several subgingival genera were differentially enriched among the studied groups. These findings underscore the need for further research to fully understand the role that oral pathogens may play in the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy Narayanan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Söder
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jukka Meurman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Lundmark
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yue O. O. Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
| | - Ujjwal Neogi
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tülay Yucel-Lindberg
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Foratori-Junior GA, Ventura TMO, Grizzo LT, Carpenter GH, Buzalaf MAR, Sales-Peres SHDC. Label-Free Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Inflammatory Pattern Associated with Obesity and Periodontitis in Pregnant Women. Metabolites 2022; 12:1091. [PMID: 36355174 PMCID: PMC9692340 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and pregnancy may have synergistic effects on periodontal condition, and proteomics could be an ideal approach to highlight the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with these outcomes. This study analyzed the salivary proteomics related to obesity and periodontitis in women during pregnancy (T1) and after delivery (T2). Initially, 126 women were recruited and forty were allocated into groups: with obesity and periodontitis (OP); with obesity, but without periodontitis (OWP); with normal BMI, but with periodontitis (NP); with normal BMI and without periodontitis (NWP). Whole-mouth saliva was collected in T1 and T2, and proteins were extracted and individually processed by label-free proteomics (nLC-ESI-MS/MS). The up-regulations of Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A, 1B, and 1-like were related to both obesity and periodontitis, separately. Albumin and Thioredoxin were up-regulated in periodontitis cases, while Cystatins (mainly S, SA, SN) and Lactotransferrin were down-regulated. The high abundances of Submaxillary gland androgen-regulated protein 3B, Protein S100-A8, Matrix metalloproteinase-9, Heat shock 70 kDa protein 2 and 6, Putative Heat shock 70 kDa protein 7, Heat shock 71 kDa protein, Haptoglobin and Plastin-1 were significant in the combination of obesity and periodontitis. Obesity and periodontitis remarkably altered the proteome of the saliva during pregnancy with substantial alterations after delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Aparecido Foratori-Junior
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | - Larissa Tercilia Grizzo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Guy Howard Carpenter
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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The Stockholm Study: Over 30 years’ Observation of the Effect of Oral Infections on Systemic Health. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10040068. [PMID: 35448062 PMCID: PMC9030271 DOI: 10.3390/dj10040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Stockholm Studies are a series of investigations started in 1985 and still ongoing. Out of 105,798 inhabitants, aged 30 and 40 years and living in the greater Stockholm area in Sweden, 3273 subjects were randomly selected. Of them, 1676 were clinically examined focusing on oral health. The subjects were then followed up using national population and health registers in order to study associations between oral health parameters and systemic health outcomes and finally death. The 35 years of observation provides unique possibilities to analyze, for example, how periodontitis links to a number of systemic health issues. The results have consequently provided numerous new associations and confirmed earlier observations on how poor oral health is associated with heart diseases and cancer.
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Luchian I, Goriuc A, Sandu D, Covasa M. The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13) in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031806. [PMID: 35163727 PMCID: PMC8837018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe periodontitis, a destructive inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth, ranks sixth in terms of global spread, affecting about 11% of the population. Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules that are important in cellular development and morphogenesis, and they are capable of activating growth factors in their proximity, cell surface receptors, and adhesion molecules. MMPs are part of a major family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, and their activity is modulated and regulated by certain inhibitors known as tissue metalloproteinase inhibitors (TIMPs). Because type I collagen is the major component of the periodontal extracellular matrix, special attention has been paid to the role of collagenases, especially MMP-8 and MMP-13 and gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, in periodontal diseases. In fact, MMP-8 (or collagenase 2) is currently one of the most promising biomarkers for periodontitis in oral fluids. Among them, salivary MMP-9 has been shown to be a more sensitive marker for periodontal inflammation during orthodontic treatment, which opens new perspectives in reducing periodontal hazards during such treatments. Both MMP-8 and MMP-9 are extremely valuable diagnostic tools in treating periodontitis, and future studies and healthcare policies should focus on implementing more accessible methods of chairside testing in order to reduce the prevalence of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionut Luchian
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Ancuta Goriuc
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-723-438-089
| | - Darius Sandu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Mihai Covasa
- College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University “Stefan cel Mare” Suceava, 13 Universității Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 309E Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP-8 Crevicular Profile in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Periodontitis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence sustains the potential of periodontitis as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our study aimed to analyze several periodontal specific inflammatory biomarkers within the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with CKD, compared to patients with normal kidney function, providing an inflammatory profile of the dialysis patient. The study comprised 79 patients divided into: group 1 (59 subjects with periodontitis and CKD) and group 2 (20 patients with periodontitis, without other systemic conditions). Clinical diagnosis was performed via dental and periodontal examination. GCF samples were collected from each patient, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and MMP-8 were determined by using ELISA assay. In group 1, the average values were: 22.85 ± 5.87 pg/mL for TNF-α, 33.00 ± 39.68 pg/mL for IL-1β and 18.80 ± 27.75 ng/mL for MMP-8. In group 2, the mean values were: 2.10 ± 1.34 pg/mL for TNF-α, 0.71 ± 2.42 pg/mL for IL-1β and 5.35 ± 0.37 ng/mL for MMP-8. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between groups as referring to all three biomarkers and, TNF-α and MMP-8, in certain stages of periodontitis. The level of TNF-α, IL-1β and MMP-8 points out the increased inflammatory status of the dialysis patient with PD, supporting the mutual connection of the two pathologies.
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Understanding the Role of Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Periodontology. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-021-09281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sorsa T, Sahni V, Buduneli N, Gupta S, Räisänen IT, Golub LM, Lee HM, Pätilä T, Bostanci N, Meurman J, Pärnänen P, Nwhator SO, Singla M, Gauba K. Active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) point-of-care test (POCT) in the COVID-19 pandemic. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:707-717. [PMID: 34468272 PMCID: PMC8442753 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1976151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP)-8 utilized in point-of-care testing (POCT) is regarded as a potential biomarker for periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Various host and microbial factors eventually influence the expression, degranulation, levels and activation of aMMP-8. The type of oral fluids (saliva, mouthrinse, gingival crevicular, and peri-implant sulcular fluids [GCF/PISF], respectively) affect the analysis. AREAS COVERED With this background, we aimed to review here the recent studies on practical, inexpensive, noninvasive and quantitative mouthrinse and GCF/PISF chair-side POCT lateral flow aMMP-8 immunoassays (PerioSafe and ImplantSafe/ORALyzer) and how they help to detect, predict, monitor the course, treatment and prevention of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. The correlations of aMMP-8 POCT to other independent and catalytic activity assays of MMP-8 are also addressed. EXPERT OPINION The mouthrinse aMMP-8 POCT can also detect prediabetes/diabetes and tissue destructive oral side-effects due to the head and neck cancers' radiotherapy. Chlorhexidine and doxycycline can inhibit collagenolytic human neutrophil and GCF aMMP-8. Furthermore, by a set of case-series we demonstrate the potential of mouthrinse aMMP-8 POCT to real-time/online detect periodontitis as a potential risk disease for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The clinical interdisciplinary utilization of aMMP-8 POCT requires additional oral, medical, and interdisciplinary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Sorsa
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vaibhav Sahni
- The Aesthetic Facial Surgery Clinic, Zahnärzte, Sector 56, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Shipra Gupta
- Unit of Periodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ismo T Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lorne M Golub
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Tommi Pätilä
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Jukka Meurman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Pärnänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Solomon O Nwhator
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Mohita Singla
- Unit of Periodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Krishan Gauba
- Unit of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Nędzi-Góra M, Górska R, Górski B. The utility of gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinase-8 provides site-specific diagnostic value for periodontal grading. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:236-243. [PMID: 34764793 PMCID: PMC8568025 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.107031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and its active form aMMP-8, was identified as a potential biomarker of periodontal tissue destruction. It is present at different concentrations in various oral fluids. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected from periodontal pockets ≥ 6 mm of 24 untreated patients using paper points and clinical parameters were recorded. 12 subjects were diagnosed with periodontitis stage III grade B, and 12 others with periodontitis stage III grade C. After thorough preparations, samples were collected following manufacturers' instructions and analyzed using a commercially available test system for aMMP-8 evaluation (aMMP-8 Test) and Periotron 8000 together with Quantikine kits for assessment of total MMP-8 concentration (controls). Microbiological evaluation of the same pockets was carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Concentrations of both total MMP-8 and aMMP-8 in GCF were higher in the case of periodontitis grade C, compared to periodontitis grade B, but reached statistical significance only in the case of total MMP-8 (77.17 ng/ml and 18.73 ng/ml respectively; p = 0.0104). Positive correlations were found between total MMP-8 and aMMP-8 levels and the prevalence of Fusobacterium nucleatum, mean probing pocket depth of all pockets, % of pockets ≥ 6 mm, as well as probing pocket depth of pocket from which GCF samples were collected. CONCLUSIONS GCF concentration levels of both total MMP-8 and aMMP-8 correlated with severity of periodontal destruction, whereas total MMP-8 appeared to be a preferable method for differentiation of periodontal grading. However, the aMMP-8 Test was easier and more convenient to handle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Górska
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Górski
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- The Chair and Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Söder B, Källmén H, Yucel-Lindberg T, Meurman JH. Periodontal microorganisms and diagnosis of malignancy: A cross-sectional study. Tumour Biol 2021; 43:1-9. [PMID: 33935124 DOI: 10.3233/tub-200066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral infections associate statistically with cancer. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that certain periodontal microorganisms might specifically link to malignancies in general and set out to investigate this in our ongoing cohort study. METHODS A sample of 99 clinically examined patients from our cohort of 1676 subjects was used to statistically investigate the associations between harboring periodontal microorganisms Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g), Prevotella intermedia (P.i), Tannerella forsythia (T.f) and Treponema denticola (T.d). We used oral infection indexes and the incidence figures of malignancies as registered in 2008-2016 in the Swedish National Cancer Register. RESULTS The pathogen A.a showed strong association with malignancy in 32 out of the 99 patients while P.g and P.i were more prevalent among patients without malignancy. In principal component analyses, A.a appeared in the strongest component while the second strongest component consisted of a combination of T.f and T.d. The third component consisted of a combination of P.g and P.i, respectively. Of basic and oral health variables, gingival index appeared to be the strongest expression of inflammation (Eigen value 4.11 and Explained Variance 68.44 percent). CONCLUSIONS The results partly confirmed our hypothesis by showing that harboring certain periodontal bacteria might link to malignancy. However, the associations are statistical and no conclusions can be drawn about causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Söder
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Källmén
- Center for psychiatry research Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jukka H Meurman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Schmalz G, Hübscher AE, Angermann H, Schmidt J, Schmickler J, Legler TJ, Ziebolz D. Associations of chairside salivary aMMP-8 findings with periodontal parameters, potentially periodontal pathogenic bacteria and selected blood parameters in systemically healthy adults. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 95:179-184. [PMID: 31174997 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate associations between salivary active matrix-metalloproteinase 8 (aMMP-8) and periodontitis severity, potentially periodontal pathogenic bacteria as well as blood parameters in generally healthy participants. Therefore, 188 participants with a mean age of 48.9 ± 8 years were examined. The periodontitis severity was assessed based on periodontal probing depth and clinical attachment loss. Both, aMMP-8 and microbiological analysis were performed using a validated, commercially available test system. Blood values were utilized from regular differential blood count. The aMMP-8 findings were associated with the periodontitis severity (P < 0.01), as well as with the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, Parvimonas micra, Camphylobacter rectus and Eubacterium nodatum (Pi < 0.05). No associations between aMMP-8 and the examined blood parameters were found (Pi > 0.05). In conclusion, salivary aMMP-8 findings seem to reflect periodontal disease severity as a result of an immunoreaction, especially against bacteria with high periodontal pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Schmalz
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Elisabeth Hübscher
- Dept. of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Germany
| | - Helena Angermann
- Dept. of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jana Schmidt
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Schmickler
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias J Legler
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Germany.
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Al-Majid A, Alassiri S, Rathnayake N, Tervahartiala T, Gieselmann DR, Sorsa T. Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 as an Inflammatory and Prevention Biomarker in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:7891323. [PMID: 30305812 PMCID: PMC6165625 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7891323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Levels of and especially the degree of activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8) in oral fluids (i.e., saliva, mouth rinse, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implantitis sulcular fluid (PISF)) increase to pathologically elevated levels in the periodontal and peri-implant diseases. This study aimed at collecting and collating data from previously published studies and determining whether active MMP-8 (aMMP-8) could serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prevention of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. The literature search identified a total of 284 articles. Out of 284 articles, 61 articles were found to be relevant. Data obtained from the selected studies were combined, and it indicated that aMMP-8 in oral fluids exerts the strong potential to serve as a useful adjunctive diagnostic and preventive biotechnological tool in periodontal and peri-implant diseases. aMMP-8 can be used alone or in combination with other proinflammatory and/or microbiological biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Majid
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Saeed Alassiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nilminie Rathnayake
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dirk-Rolf Gieselmann
- Institute of Molecular Diagnostics, Dentognostics GmbH, Solingen and Jena, Germany
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Stockholm, Sweden
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de Morais EFD, Dantas AN, Pinheiro JC, Leite RB, Galvao Barboza CA, de Vasconcelos Gurgel BC, de Almeida Freitas R. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 analysis in patients with periodontal disease with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 87:43-51. [PMID: 29248700 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate information on the levels of MMP-8 in patients diagnosed with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontal disease, analyzing its validity as a possible biomarker for the diagnosis and progression of periodontal disease (PD). METHODS A systematic search of the following databases was performed: PubMed/Medline, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library), EMBASE and Web of Science. Studies involving the evaluation of MMP-8 in patients with prediabetes or patients presenting type 2 diabetes mellitus concomitantly with PD were selected. The evaluation of the methodological quality of the selected studies was based on the methodological bias risk analysis (QUADAS-2). RESULTS Eight of the initially identified 2683 articles were selected. In all the selected studies, evaluator calibration and the use of clear methods for patient diagnosis with periodontal disease were present. Studies have demonstrated significantly higher MMP-8 concentrations in PD patients compared to controls, as well as in patients presenting more advanced stages of PD. However, controversies regarding MMP-8 levels in prediabetes/diabetes type 2 patients with PD. CONCLUSIONS Higher MMP-8 levels in patients with PD compared to controls imply the potential use of MMP-8 in the diagnosis of PD. The influence of patient glycemic state, as well as medications these patients make use of, are factors that possibly contribute to the modulation of MMP-8 concentrations in patients with diabetes and should be analyzed, aiming at a better understanding of the relationship between glycemic state and MMP-8 levels in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Freitas de de Morais
- Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Afonso Nóbrega Dantas
- Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Bastos Leite
- Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Galvao Barboza
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Roseana de Almeida Freitas
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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14
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Virtanen E, Yakob M, Tervahartiala T, Söder PÖ, Andersson LC, Sorsa T, Meurman JH, Söder B. Salivary MMP-13 gender differences in periodontitis: A cross-sectional study from Sweden. Clin Exp Dent Res 2017; 3:165-170. [PMID: 29744196 PMCID: PMC5839226 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated serum and saliva concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-8, MMP-9, and MMP-13, and their tissue inhibitor TIMP-1, in a group of patients with and without periodontitis from Sweden. The hypothesis was that these biomarkers are higher in the periodontitis patients. Ninety patients participated in this cross-sectional study. Fifty-one patients had periodontitis whereas 39 were periodontally healthy. Saliva and serum samples were analyzed with immunofluorometric, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot. Results were statistically analyzed with independent t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Bonferroni corrections, and regression analyses. MMP-13 was not detected in serum, but in saliva, higher values were found among the periodontally healthy compared with periodontitis subjects (0.32 ± 0.26 vs. 0.21 ± 0.23 ng/ml, p < .05). Female gender and clinical attachment loss were the explanatory factors for higher salivary MMP-13 values with odds ratio 3.08 (95% confidence interval [1.17, 8.11]) and 3.57 (95% confidence interval [1.08, 11.82]), respectively. No statistically significant differences between groups were found in serum and saliva values of MMP-8, MMP-9, and TIMP-1. Contrary to our hypothesis, no statistically significant differences between patients with and without periodontitis were seen in MMP-8, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 values. However, higher MMP-13 concentrations in saliva were associated with female gender and higher clinical attachment loss. Metabolism of MMP-13 may thus have some gender implications in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Virtanen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Finland
| | - Maha Yakob
- Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Sweden
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Finland
| | | | - Leif C Andersson
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Finland
- Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Sweden
| | - Jukka H Meurman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Finland
| | - Birgitta Söder
- Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Sweden
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15
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de Morais EF, Pinheiro JC, Leite RB, Santos PPA, Barboza CAG, Freitas RA. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels in periodontal disease patients: A systematic review. J Periodontal Res 2017; 53:156-163. [PMID: 28898418 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is characterized as a disorder of the oral microbiota resulting in an immune response which, in turn, leads to the destruction of periodontal tissue. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) has been reported as the major metalloproteinase involved in periodontal disease, being present at high levels in gingival crevicular fluid and salivary fluid (SF). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the scientific literature regarding the expression of MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid and SF in patients with periodontal disease, analyzing its validity as a possible biomarker in the diagnosis of periodontal disease. A systematic review of the literature was performed using the PubMed/Medline, CENTRAL and Science Direct databases. Studies concerning the use of MMP-8 in the diagnosis of periodontal disease that evaluated its effectiveness as a biomarker for periodontal disease were selected. The search strategy provided a total of 6483 studies. After selection, six articles met all the inclusion criteria and were included in the present systematic review. The studies demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of MMP-8 in patients with periodontal disease compared with controls, as well as in patients presenting more advanced stages of periodontal disease. The findings on higher MMP-8 concentrations in patients with periodontal disease compared with controls imply the potential adjunctive use of MMP-8 in the diagnosis of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F de Morais
- Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - J C Pinheiro
- Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - R B Leite
- Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - P P A Santos
- Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - C A G Barboza
- Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - R A Freitas
- Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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16
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Schmalz G, Davarpanah I, Jäger J, Mausberg RF, Krohn-Grimberghe B, Schmidt J, Haak R, Sack U, Ziebolz D. MMP-8 and TIMP-1 are associated to periodontal inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis under methotrexate immunosuppression - First results of a cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2017; 52:386-394. [PMID: 28919284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of this cross-sectional study was the investigation of associations between different rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related blood parameters and periodontal condition as well as selected periodontal pathogenic bacteria in RA patients under methotrexate (MTX) immunosuppression. METHODS Periodontal probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were assessed. Periodontal condition was classified into: no/mild and moderate or severe periodontitis (P). Prevalence of selected periodontal pathogenic bacteria and concentration of matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) was assessed from the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) using PCR and ELISA, respectively. Blood samples were analyzed for the concentration of selected rheumatoid parameters. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS t-test, Mann-Whitney-U-Test, exact Fisher tests or chi square test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Fifty-six patients (mean age 55.07 years, 34 P, 22 no P) were included. While prevalence of periodontal pathogenic bacteria was higher in P patients, no substantial association of bacteria with blood parameters was found. In periodontal diseased participants, MMP-8 concentration in GCF (6.22 ± 7.01 vs. 15.99 ± 13.49; p < 0.01) and blood (2.60 ± 3.57 vs. 5.52 ± 5.92; p < 0.01) was increased, while no correlation between GCF and blood was found (Spearman's rho: 0.175; p = 0.23). Furthermore, higher blood concentrations of MMP-8 and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP-1) were detected in patients with increased periodontal inflammation (BOP positive, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Periodontal inflammation appears associated to MMP-8 and TIMP-1 in blood. Thereby, clinical interaction between periodontal conditions, periodontal pathogenic bacteria and RA-related cytokines remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schmalz
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - I Davarpanah
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Jäger
- Dept. of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - R F Mausberg
- Dept. of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - J Schmidt
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - R Haak
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - U Sack
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Germany.
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17
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Chen S, Braun TM. Tests for time-invariant correlation of longitudinally measured biomarkers. Stat Med 2015; 34:3888-900. [DOI: 10.1002/sim.6580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Chen
- Department of Biostatistics; University of Michigan; 1415 Washington Heights Ann Arbor 48109 MI U.S.A
| | - Thomas M. Braun
- Department of Biostatistics; University of Michigan; 1415 Washington Heights Ann Arbor 48109 MI U.S.A
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18
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Bernasconi L, Ramenzoni LL, Al-Majid A, Tini GM, Graber SM, Schmidlin PR, Irani S. Elevated Matrix Metalloproteinase Levels in Bronchi Infected with Periodontopathogenic Bacteria. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144461. [PMID: 26656474 PMCID: PMC4681451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine whether bronchial colonisations/infections with periodontopathogenic bacteria are associated with elevated inflammatory markers such as MMPs, interleukins and Tumor necrosis factor alpha in the bronchial fluid. Methods Periodontal status was assessed in consecutive outpatients planned for elective bronchoscopies, and PCR for periodontopathogenic bacteria was performed from a protected specimen brush sample taken from the bronchial mucosa. Additionally, MMPs, interleukins and Tumor necrosis factor alpha were measured in the bronchial fluid. Results Out of the four species assessed, one species was found in 13 of 91 (14%) patients, and two in 12 (13%), three in 13 (14%) and all four in 1 (1%) patient, respectively. In multiple linear regression models the presence of Treponema denticola showed a consistent pattern of positive effects in bronchial fluid (Bonferroni adjusted p-values) on the levels of MMP9 (p adj.: 0.028) and MMP12 (p adj.: 0.029). Active smoking was independently associated with increased levels of aMMP8 (p adj.: 0.005) and MMP9 (p adj.: 0.009). Levels of IL-1 ß, IL-8 and Tumor necrosis factor alpha measured in the bronchial fluid were not affected by the presence of periodontopathogenic bacteria. Conclusions Bronchial colonisation/infection with Treponema denticola and smoking are independently associated with elevated MMPs (MMP9/MMP12 and MMP8/MMP9, respectively) in the bronchial fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bernasconi
- Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Tellstrasse, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Liza L. Ramenzoni
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology, and Cariology, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Al-Majid
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology, and Cariology, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabrielo M. Tini
- Clinic of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Tellstrasse, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Sereina M. Graber
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R. Schmidlin
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology, and Cariology, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarosh Irani
- Clinic of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Tellstrasse, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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19
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Activated matrix metalloproteinase-8 in saliva as diagnostic test for periodontal disease? A case–control study. Med Microbiol Immunol 2015; 204:665-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-015-0413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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20
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Leppilahti JM, Kallio MA, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T, Mäntylä P. Gingival Crevicular Fluid Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Levels Predict Treatment Outcome Among Smokers With Chronic Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2014; 85:250-60. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Belibasakis GN, Öztürk VÖ, Emingil G, Bostanci N. Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 1 (sTREM-1) in Gingival Crevicular Fluid: Association With Clinical and Microbiologic Parameters. J Periodontol 2014; 85:204-10. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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22
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Guentsch A, Pfister W, Cachovan G, Raschke G, Kuepper H, Schaefer O, Eick S. Oral prophylaxis and its effects on halitosis-associated and inflammatory parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis. Int J Dent Hyg 2013; 12:199-207. [PMID: 24314016 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of oral prophylaxis on halitosis-associated, immunological and microbiological parameters. METHODS Thirty subjects were included in this controlled clinical trial (patients with generalized chronic periodontitis and controls without clinical attachment loss; each n = 15). Before oral prophylaxis and 14 days after (including tongue cleaning) volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), organoleptic scores and a tongue coating index were evaluated. The levels of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10 and MMP-8 were measured in GCF, and also major periodontal pathogens were detected. Data were statistically analysed using anova and paired t-test. RESULTS Supragingival plaque and calculus removal with combined tongue cleaning was able to reduce significantly (P < 0.05) the VSC values in both groups (no significant differences between both groups). Two weeks after periodontal debridement, the VSC values were observed in the periodontitis group, but not in the control group, similar to the baseline values. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Only a repeated prophylaxis session in the periodontitis group was able to reduce VSC values significantly in comparison with baseline (P < 0.05). Organoleptic scores (10 and 30 cm) were significantly different (P < 0.05) between both groups before and after the treatment. Periodontal pathogens and host-derived markers were not significantly affected by a single prophylaxis session. CONCLUSIONS Oral prophylaxis may result in a significant decrease in VSC values. However, in periodontal diseases, a more complex treatment seems to be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guentsch
- Policlinic of Prosthetic Dentistry and Material Science, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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23
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mRNA expression of MMP-28 (Epilysin) in gingival tissues of chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients: a reverse transcriptase PCR study. DISEASE MARKERS 2013; 35:113-8. [PMID: 24167355 PMCID: PMC3774966 DOI: 10.1155/2013/653982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives. Matrix metalloproteinases degrade extracellular membrane and also release bioactive fragments and growth factors, thus influencing fundamental biological and pathological processes. Epilysin (MMP-28) differs from most other MMPs as it is expressed in a number of normal tissues, suggestive of functions in tissue homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively evaluate and compare the mRNA expression of epilysin (MMP-28) in gingival tissues of healthy patients and of patients affected by chronic or aggressive periodontitis. Methods. A total of 60 subjects, 20 periodontally healthy subjects, 20 with chronic periodontitis, and 20 with aggressive periodontitis, were included in this study. Periodontal status was evaluated by measuring gingival index, probing depth and clinical attachment level. mRNA expression of MMP-28 was determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in gingival tissue samples collected. Results. Relative quantification of mRNA expression of MMP-28 was highest in healthy tissues (RQ = 0.97) when compared to subjects with chronic periodontitis (RQ = 0.37) and aggressive periodontitis (RQ = 0.23), but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion. mRNA expression of MMP-28 was highest in healthy tissues when compared to diseased periodontal tissues suggesting that MMP-28 could act as a biomarker for periodontal health.
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Sapna G, Gokul S, Bagri-Manjrekar K. Matrix metalloproteinases and periodontal diseases. Oral Dis 2013; 20:538-50. [PMID: 23849049 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized a complex interaction between periodontopathic bacteria and the host inflammatory response resulting in release of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to the destruction of periodontal tissues and alveolar bone. One of the important host factors involved in periodontal diseases is matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which is responsible for collagen and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation of the periodontal tissues. MMPs comprise a family of around 25 members broadly categorized into six groups, which are involved in various physiological and pathological conditions. The activities of MMP are generally balanced by endogenous inhibitors such as tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP), and any imbalance between MMP and TIMP levels plays an important role in the disease progression. Assessment of MMP in tissues, GCF, and saliva may serve as an important biomarker in diagnosis of periodontal diseases and also for prognostic follow-up. Targeted therapy aimed at reducing effects of MMP may serve as a useful adjunct for treatment of periodontitis. This review provides an overview of MMP and its role in various physiological and pathological conditions with emphasis on its association with periodontal diseases. A note on its inhibitors and therapeutic importance is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sapna
- Department of Periodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
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25
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Shaila M, Pai GP, Shetty P. Salivary protein concentration, flow rate, buffer capacity and pH estimation: A comparative study among young and elderly subjects, both normal and with gingivitis and periodontitis. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013; 17:42-6. [PMID: 23633771 PMCID: PMC3636943 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.107473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the salivary protein concentration in gingivitis and periodontitis patients and compare the parameters like salivary total protein, salivary albumin, salivary flow rate, pH, buffer capacity and flow rate in both young and elderly patients with simple methods. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty subjects were grouped based on their age as young and elderly. Each group was subgrouped (20 subjects) as controls, gingivitis and periodontitis. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from patients and flow rate was noted down during collection of the sample. Salivary protein estimation was done using the Biuret method and salivary albumin was assessed using the Bromocresol green method. pH was estimated with a pHmeter and buffering capacity was analyzed with the titration method. Student's t-test, Fisher's test (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD (ANOVA) tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: A very highly significant rise in the salivary total protein and albumin concentration was noted in gingivitis and periodontitis subjects of both young and elderly. An overall decrease in salivary flow rate was observed among the elderly, and also the salivary flow rate of women was significantly lower than that of men. Conclusion: Significant associations between salivary total protein and albumin in gingivitis and periodontitis were found with simple biochemical tests. A decrease in salivary flow rate among elderly and among women was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulki Shaila
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, K V G Dental College, Sullia, Karnataka, India
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26
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Yakob M, Meurman JH, Sorsa T, Söder B. Treponema denticola associates with increased levels of MMP-8 and MMP-9 in gingival crevicular fluid. Oral Dis 2013; 19:694-701. [PMID: 23294114 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to assess the association between the presence of site-specific subgingival micro-organisms and the levels of matrix metalloproteinases-8 and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-8 and MMP-9) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). MATERIALS AND METHODS The patient group consisted of 56 subjects with periodontitis and the control group of 43 subjects without periodontitis. GCF samples from four test sites for each subject were collected. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola. MMP-8 concentrations were analyzed by a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay, and MMP-9 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Student's unpaired t-test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact P-value were calculated. RESULTS The presence of T. denticola in the test sites was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. The presence of T. forsythia and T. denticola was associated with increased levels of MMP-8 in the test sites. Respectively, site-specific presence of T. denticola was associated with an increase in MMP-9 levels in three of the four test sites. CONCLUSIONS The presence of subgingival micro-organisms in GCF, particularly T. denticola, appeared to induce a host response with an increased release of MMP-8 and MMP-9 in the test sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yakob
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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27
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Yang D, Wang J, Ni J, Shang S, Liu L, Xiang J, Li C. Temporal expression of metalloproteinase-8 and -13 and their relationships with extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer in the development of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:411-9. [PMID: 23083375 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important roles in extracellular matrix degradation and may be regulated by extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN). The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal expression and localization of MMP-8 and MMP-13 during the development of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats, and to analyze the correlations of EMMPRIN with MMP-8 and MMP-13 in periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Periodontitis was simulated in rats by ligaturing the cervix of the lower first molars, as described in our previous method. The rats were killed 0, 3, 5, 7, 11, 15 and 21 d after ligation. Micro-computed tomography examinations were performed to detect alveolar bone loss. Semiquantitative western blotting was used to assess the temporal changes in the levels of MMP-8, MMP-13 and EMMPRIN proteins in gingival tissue. Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expression and locations of MMP-8 and MMP-13 in gingival tissue and alveolar bone. RESULTS Alveolar bone loss showed an exponential increase from days 3 to 11, followed by a slower rate of loss at subsequent study time points. MMP-8 showed a rapid increase of expression from baseline to a peak on day 3, a gradual decrease from days 5 to 7 and then stabilized thereafter. MMP-8 was predominantly located in neutrophil-like cells. Statistically, the expression of MMP-8 was not correlated with the expression of EMMPRIN. The expression of MMP-13 and of EMMRPIN increased from days 3 to 7, and showed a moderate decrease thereafter. The immunoreactivity of MMP-13 was mainly detected in monocytes/macrophages, on the alveolar bone surface, in osteoclasts and in gingival epithelial cells. Statistically, MMP-13 had a strong, positive correlation with EMMPRIN (r = 0.855, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The levels of expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 are temporally varied at different periods during the development of experimental periodontitis. The level of expression of EMMPRIN is closely associated with the expression of MMP-13, but not with the expression of MMP-8. In addition, MMP-13 might be involved in alveolar bone destruction, as well as in physiological bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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