Consumption of sweet foods among adolescents in Finland

Dentists' opinion and knowledge about preventive dental care in Saudi Arabia: a nationwide cross-sectional study

AIM

The aim of this study was to determine the dentists' opinions on causes for high prevalence of dental caries in the country and to assess their level of knowledge about preventive dental care.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A questionnaire based national crosssectional survey among 500 dentists was conducted under the auspices of Directorate of Dentistry, Ministry of Health. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 11.0 and descriptive statistics were obtained.

RESULTS

The response rate was 87.8% (n = 439). 83% of dentists identified poor oral hygiene as the major reason for high prevalence of caries, only 39% of patients reportedly brushed teeth at least once a day, oral prophylaxis (83%) is the most common preventive practice followed, social factors (62.5%) are the most challenging barriers in preventive dental programs, 71.3% always give chair side dental health education, school based programs (66.6%) are most effective tools for dental health education.

CONCLUSION

Majority of dentists in Saudi Arabia are adequately informed and motivated toward preventive dental care but they are in need of further support from policy makers to enhance preventive dental programs in the Kingdom.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Oral hygiene should be improved in the country by reaching out to the entire community through extensive and continued education programs.

Frequent use of sugar products by schoolchildren in 20 European countries, Israel and Canada in 1993/1994

The aim of this study was to describe the daily use of certain between-meal sugar products (soft drinks and sweets) of schoolchildren in 20 European countries, Israel and Canada as a part of the Cross-National Survey on Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children--a WHO Collaborative Study. The data were collected using standardised anonymous questionnaires in school classrooms during the 1993/1994 school year. In each country nationally or regionally representative samples of about 1,300 schoolchildren (450 in Greenland) were targeted. Use of sugar products was analysed according to sex, age, country, self-reported school performance and self-reported family economy. One third to one half of the children (30-48 per cent) drank coke or other soft drinks more than once a day in Israel, Northern Ireland, Scotland, the Slovak Republic and Flemish-speaking Belgium. Use of soft drinks was very uncommon in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Latvia and Estonia. The strongest association (odds ratios) was between the use of soft drinks and good family economy; in Russia (20.3), in Lithuania (11.3), in Latvia (10.0), in Poland (8.5) and in Estonia (8.0). In Israel, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Russia and French-speaking Belgium 41-29 per cent of the children ate sweets more than once a day. Boys drank soft drinks and ate sweets slightly more often than girls did. In conclusion, large differences were found between the different countries in the frequency of use of soft drinks and sweets. This should be considered when developing the content of oral health promotion programmes.

Taste preference for sweetness in urban and rural populations in Iraq

The consumption of sweetened foods is influenced by a variety of biological, psychological, sociological, and environmental factors. On an individual level, taste preference for sweetness has been shown to have an influence on food consumption, although this may be affected by social and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to assess the taste preference for sweetness in urban and rural populations in Iraq. The hypothesis was that sweet preference and the consumption of sugar increase with urbanization. The sample was composed of 4152 individuals who were divided into urban and rural subgroups based on their place of residence. Sweet preference was assessed by means of a tested Sweet Preference Inventory. Results revealed statistically significant differences between urban and rural populations in preference for sweetness and in actual sugar consumption. Individuals from urban locations showed a much higher preference for sweetness than their rural counterparts and consumed more sugar. Within the urban population, those individuals who had lived in the city longer and who were from families with lower educational qualifications preferred the highest levels of sugar. The findings support the hypothesis that urbanization influences sweet preference and sugar consumption.

Expectancy-value approach to drinking non-sugared mineral water among adolescents

This study set out to predict the intention to drink non-sugared mineral water and the performance of this behavior in a group of Norwegian adolescents using the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior. The empirical data stem from The Norwegian Longitudinal Health Behavior Study, and a comprehensive questionnaire survey was performed in September and October 1992. The study group comprised 970, 15-yr-old adolescents, considered to be representative of this age group in the county of Hordaland. After a 4-week period actual behavior was assessed in a subgroup (n=170). The theories posit that a person will probably perform a behavior if she/he intends to perform the behavior and has actual control with its performance. Behavioral intention is in turn governed by three types of predictors: attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. Multiple regression analysis showed that the intention to drink non-sugared mineral water was primarily governed by perceived behavioral control and attitudes while subjective norms had less impact. Intention alone turned out to be the immediate determinant of drinking of non-sugared mineral water, which implies that performance of this behavior presents few problems regarding actual control.

Dental health behavior in fathers of young families in Finland

The purpose of this study was to examine dental health behavior in young fathers by means of a questionnaire for subjective evaluation of dental status, frequency of caries and visits to the dentist. Cariogenic diet was estimated by the consumption of sweets, confectionary and soft drinks. The participation rate 18 months after the birth of the family's first child was 73.1%. The mean age of the respondents was 28.1 yr (range 17-49; SD 4.6). When background factors were considered, it was observed that cariogenic diet was more often mentioned by participants from the lower social groups. The standard of the wife's knowledge level was an important indicator of dental care behavior in the fathers. If the wife's knowledge level was high, the father assessed the future condition of his child's teeth as good.

Sugar consumption and caries experience in 12- and 13-year-old Icelandic children

Dietary habits with regard to sugar consumption and caries experience were studied in a group of 275 Icelandic children aged 12 and 13 years. The pattern of meals and sugar-containing food intake frequency were assessed by means of a dietary questionnaire. All dental examinations were performed by one examiner, using standardized methods and diagnostic criteria. Only 75% of the children had three regular meals daily. Breakfast and lunch were the most frequently omitted meals. Sweet buns were consumed by 32% of the children with meals and by 58% between meals, whereas soft drinks were consumed by 42% and 46%, respectively. Eighty-three per cent of the children reported eating sweets daily. The most popular products included confectionery, buns, cakes, and soft drinks, which constituted 53% of the intake with meals and 68% of that between meals. A higher caries incidence was associated with frequent intake of buns and cakes with meals and confectionery.