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Omman RA, Speiser J, Robinson S, Lapadat R, Mudaliar K. Clonal highlights: Clonal seborrheic keratoses often demonstrates p16 expression. J Cutan Pathol 2019; 46:411-417. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reeba A. Omman
- Department of PathologyLoyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois
| | - Jodi Speiser
- Department of PathologyLoyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois
| | - Shamika Robinson
- Department of PathologyLoyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois
| | - Razvan Lapadat
- Department of PathologyLoyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois
| | - Kumaran Mudaliar
- Department of PathologyLoyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Worley
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven J Glassman
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Review of the Eighth Edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Guidelines, Prognostic Factors, and Histopathologic Variants. Adv Anat Pathol 2017; 24:171-194. [PMID: 28590951 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common form of nonmelanoma skin cancer after basal cell carcinoma and accounts for the majority of nonmelanoma skin cancer-related deaths. In 2017, the American Joint Committee on Cancer revised the staging guidelines of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma to reflect recent evidence concerning high-risk clinicopathologic features. This update reviews the literature on prognostic features and staging, including the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual. A wide range of histopathologic variants of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma exists, several of which are associated with aggressive behavior. A review of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma variants, emphasizing diagnostic pitfalls, immuhistochemical findings and prognostic significance, is included. Of note, the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual refers to squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck only.
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Clonal Seborrheic Keratosis Versus Pagetoid Bowen Disease: Histopathology and Role of Adjunctive Markers. Am J Dermatopathol 2017; 39:433-439. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Comparative study of p16 protein expression in squamous cell carcinomas from patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis and patients without the disease. Arch Dermatol Res 2017; 309:479-483. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-017-1742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Salopek KM, Jukić S, Babić D. Correlation of the HPV detection, protein expression and DNA content in cutaneous pre-invasive and invasive carcinoma among Croatian patients. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:123-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Genders RE, Beck S, Bouwes Bavinck JN, van den Munckhof HAM, Kouwenhoven STP, de Koning MNC, de Gruijl FR, Jenkins D, Willemze R, Quint KD. p16 immunostaining in keratinocytic neoplasia in organ transplant recipients: Bowen's disease shows a characteristic pattern. J Cutan Pathol 2016; 44:28-33. [PMID: 27717097 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For selecting therapy, it is important to distinguish different types of keratinocytic neoplasia. It is sometimes difficult to make histopathologic diagnosis, especially in organ transplant recipients (OTR) who develop numerous lesions. METHODS To investigate p16 immunostaining in different types of keratinocytic neoplasia in OTR, we studied 59 actinic keratoses (AK), 51 Bowen' s disease (BD), 63 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 16 benign keratotic lesions (BKL) from 31 OTR patients and 25 controls (eczema and psoriasis). Tissue sections were stained for H&E and p16. We scored intensity, proportion and distribution of p16 positive lesional cells. RESULTS In 19% of AK, 92% of BD, 35% of SCC and 12% of BKL more than 15% of lesional cells were p16-positive. In 16% of AK, 80% of BD, 18% of SCC and 13% of BKL strong p16 staining was observed. BKL, AK and SCC showed focal and patchy staining, BD showed diffuse pattern with strong staining of all atypical cells. Sparing of the basal layer was predominantly seen in BD. No control specimen showed p16-overexpression. CONCLUSIONS p16 immunostaining shows a characteristic pattern in BD, but not in AK, SCC and BKL. It appears useful in recognizing BD, but not in differentiating between other keratinocytic neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel E Genders
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, Roosevelt Clinics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel Beck
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Stijn T P Kouwenhoven
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Frank R de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - David Jenkins
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Rein Willemze
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Koen D Quint
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, Roosevelt Clinics, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Human Papillomavirus Infection and p16 Expression in Extragenital/Extraungual Bowen Disease in Immunocompromised Patients. Am J Dermatopathol 2016; 38:751-7. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Stagner AM, Afrogheh AH, Jakobiec FA, Iacob CE, Grossniklaus HE, Deshpande V, Maske C, Hiss DC, Faquin WC. p16 Expression Is Not a Surrogate Marker for High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection in Periocular Sebaceous Carcinoma. Am J Ophthalmol 2016; 170:168-175. [PMID: 27457256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in periocular sebaceous carcinoma (SC) using multiple methods of detection, and to determine whether p16 overexpression is present and can be used as a surrogate marker for HR-HPV. DESIGN Retrospective observational case series with laboratory investigations. METHODS Unstained paraffin sections of 35 cases of periocular SC were analyzed with immunohistochemistry for p16 and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HR-HPV. A subset of 18 lesions that were p16-positive was further studied with a novel method of mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) for the detection of transcriptionally active HR-HPV, an advanced technique with an enhanced sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS The clinical findings were in keeping with those of comparable earlier studies. Strong immunohistochemical p16 positivity (meeting the criterion of >70% nuclear and cytoplasmic staining) was present in 29 of 35 cases of periocular SC (82.9%). The selected 18 p16-positive cases tested were negative for HR-HPV using mRNA ISH. PCR yielded unequivocal results with adequate DNA isolated in 24 cases, 23 of which were negative for HR-HPV. One case was positive for HPV type 16, which was found to be a false positive as collaterally determined by mRNA ISH negativity. CONCLUSION No evidence was found for HR-HPV as an etiologic agent in the development of periocular SC using multiple modalities to maximize sensitivity and specificity and reduce the limitations of any single test. p16 overexpression is common in periocular SC but unrelated to HR-HPV status. Although p16 may be used as a surrogate marker for HR-HPV status in other tissue sites, this interpretation of p16 positivity is not applicable to periocular SC.
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Švajdler M, Mezencev R, Kašpírková J, Kacerovská D, Kazakov DV, Ondič O, Michal M. Human papillomavirus infection and p16 expression in the immunocompetent patients with extragenital/extraungual Bowen's disease. Diagn Pathol 2016; 11:53. [PMID: 27342647 PMCID: PMC4919835 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-016-0505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been established for anogenital lesions but still remains controversial for carcinomas in other sites. The aim of this study was to determine the α-HPV and β-HPV prevalence and their association with p16 expression, sun exposure, and clinicopathological findings in patients with Bowen's disease (BD). METHODS One hundred sixty nine skin biopsy specimens from 157 immunocompetent patients with extragenital/extraungual BD were examined for HPV status and p16 expression. The presence of koilocyte-like changes, solar elastosis and papillomatosis was recorded for each specimen. RESULTS BD was diagnosed more often in potentially sun-exposed sites with prevalence 73.6 % and a remarkable predilection for the head and neck region. High risk α-HPV or β-HPV were detected in 34.7 % of lesions and β-HPV infections dominated over α-HPV. Higher prevalence of koilocyte-like changes and papillomatosis was found in HPV-positive specimens but it was not statistically significant. The expression of p16 was detected in 79.8 % of lesions and displayed no correlation with the HPV status. HPV-positivity tended to be detected more often in sun-protected sites. Dual infections by α-HPV/β-HPV genera and mixed α-HPV infections were not detected, while 37.5 % of β-HPV positive specimens were infected by two or more β-HPV genotypes. HPV 9 was significantly associated with mixed β-HPV infections. CONCLUSIONS HPV may play an etiological role at least in some SCC in situ arising in extragenital sites. Sunprotected sites may be more dependent on HPV-mediated co-carcinogenesis than sun exposed areas. The presence of the p16-expression, papillomatosis or koilocyte-like change is not a reliable marker of HPV infection in SCC in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marián Švajdler
- />Šikl’s Department of Pathology, Charles University in Prague, The Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- />Bioptická laboratoř, s.r.o., Mikulášske nám. 4, 326 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Mezencev
- />Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biology and Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Jana Kašpírková
- />Bioptická laboratoř, s.r.o., Mikulášske nám. 4, 326 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Kacerovská
- />Šikl’s Department of Pathology, Charles University in Prague, The Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- />Bioptická laboratoř, s.r.o., Mikulášske nám. 4, 326 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry V. Kazakov
- />Šikl’s Department of Pathology, Charles University in Prague, The Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- />Bioptická laboratoř, s.r.o., Mikulášske nám. 4, 326 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Ondič
- />Šikl’s Department of Pathology, Charles University in Prague, The Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- />Bioptická laboratoř, s.r.o., Mikulášske nám. 4, 326 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Michal
- />Šikl’s Department of Pathology, Charles University in Prague, The Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- />Bioptická laboratoř, s.r.o., Mikulášske nám. 4, 326 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Brasanac D, Stojkovic-Filipovic J, Bosic M, Tomanovic N, Manojlovic-Gacic E. Expression of G1/S-cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol 2015; 43:200-10. [PMID: 26349899 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic keratosis (AK) and Bowen's disease (squamous cell carcinoma in situ, SCCIS) are pre-invasive stages in the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS Immunohistochemical study of cyclin D1, cyclin E, p16(INK4a) and p21(Cip1) (/Waf1) in AK (53 cases), SCCIS (16 cases) and SCC (40 cases), in relation to the type of the lesion and SCC prognostic parameters (grade, diameter and thickness). RESULTS Diffuse cyclin D1 distribution was more frequent in SCCIS and SCC than in AK (p = 0.03) and similar pattern was observed for p16(INK4a) . For cyclin E, central distribution dominated in SCC compared with the AK (p = 0.001) and SCCIS (p = 0.03). p21(Cip1) (/Waf1) displayed suprabasal distribution more frequently in AK than in SCCIS (p = 0.001) and SCC (p = 0.0004). Semiquantitative assessment showed more positive cells in AK (p = 0.04) and SCCIS (p = 0.04) than in SCC for cyclin E. SCC with diameter over 20 mm and those thicker than 6 mm revealed higher labeling index with p16(INK4a) and p21(Cip1) (/Waf1) , respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest different alterations for p16(INK4a) and p21(Cip1) (/Waf1) in AK, SCCIS and SCC. Immunostaining distribution showed closer correlation with the type of the lesion, whereas percentage of positive cells displayed better association with the SCC prognostic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrije Brasanac
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stojkovic-Filipovic
- Clinic of Dermatovenereology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Martina Bosic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada Tomanovic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Histopathologic Variants of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ With Analysis of Multicentric Subtypes. Am J Dermatopathol 2015; 37:680-5. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Parmar NV, Vijay Krishna C, Kuruvila S, Ramdas A. Ulcerated plaque on the buttock of a nonagenarian woman. Int J Dermatol 2015; 55:711-3. [PMID: 26266826 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha V Parmar
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - C Vijay Krishna
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Sheela Kuruvila
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Anita Ramdas
- Department of Pathology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
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Ko C, Srisuttiyakorn C. Atypical intraepidermal keratinocytic lesions falling short of carcinomain situ(Bowen disease) on routine staining: the utility of p16 immunostaining. J Cutan Pathol 2014; 41:975-7. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ko
- Dermatology Department; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
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Murao K, Yoshioka R, Kubo Y. Human papillomavirus infection in Bowen disease: Negative p53 expression, not p16INK4aoverexpression, is correlated with human papillomavirus-associated Bowen disease. J Dermatol 2014; 41:878-84. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Murao
- Department of Dermatology; Institute of Health Biosciences; University of Tokushima Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
| | - Rika Yoshioka
- Department of Dermatology; Institute of Health Biosciences; University of Tokushima Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubo
- Department of Dermatology; Institute of Health Biosciences; University of Tokushima Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
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Immunohistochemical staining for p16 is a useful adjunctive test in the diagnosis of Bowen's disease. Pathology 2013; 45:402-7. [PMID: 23635817 DOI: 10.1097/pat.0b013e328360c064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to document the pattern of immunohistochemical staining seen with p16 (INK4a) in actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease and seborrhoeic keratosis. METHODS We gathered 20 examples each of actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease and seborrheic keratosis. The cases were stained for p16 using standard immunohistochemical techniques, and the staining patterns were categorised into one of five different patterns. RESULTS All cases of Bowen's disease as defined in our practice showed strong positive staining in all abnormal cells, and 95% of these cases showed a distinctive pattern of sparing in a layer of palisaded basal cells. None of the actinic keratoses or seborrheic keratoses, as defined by our morphological criteria, showed this distinctive pattern. CONCLUSIONS Bowen's disease, as we define the term, shows a distinctive, repeatable pattern of staining with p16, characterised by moderate to strong staining of all abnormal cells with sparing of a layer of basal cells. This pattern is not seen in actinic keratoses or in seborrheic keratoses. Thus immunohistochemistry for p16 is a useful adjunctive test in the differential diagnosis of these lesions.
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Woo SB, Cashman EC, Lerman MA. Human papillomavirus-associated oral intraepithelial neoplasia. Mod Pathol 2013; 26:1288-97. [PMID: 23599160 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated an unusual subset of oral epithelial dysplasia for the presence of transcriptionally active high-risk HPV subtypes and to further characterize the histological criteria for this condition. There were 20 cases diagnosed as epithelial dysplasia with marked apoptosis of the anterior oral cavity. Clinical and follow-up data were collected and histopathological features were documented. Immunoperoxidase studies were performed for p16 and in situ hybridization studies were performed for low- and high-risk HPV sub-types. Gender- and site-matched controls of conventional moderate-to-severe oral epithelial dysplasia were similarly evaluated using immunoperoxidase studies for p16 and in situ hybridization; the number of apoptotic cells for study and control cases was counted at two different tissue sites. There were 17 men and 3 women with a median age of 56 years. Seventeen lesions were described as white and five were described as rough or papillary. Thirteen were located on the lateral or ventral tongue, some extending onto the floor of the mouth. Epithelial hyperplasia with marked karyorrhexis and apoptosis were present in all the cases, along with features of conventional oral epithelial dysplasia. A statistically significant number of apoptotic cells were identified in the study cases when compared with controls (P>0.0001). Twenty cases were positive for high-risk HPV by in situ hybridization and all 19 nineteen cases evaluated for p16 demonstrated overexpression. Two patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinomas and one patient developed recurrent disease. We report a subset of oral epithelial dysplasia that occurs mostly in adult men on the ventral or lateral tongue and is positive for high-risk HPV and for p16. We propose use of the term 'HPV-associated Oral Intraepithelial Neoplasia' to characterize these lesions of the oral cavity for consistency in nomenclature with HPV-associated lesions of the lower anogenital tract. One case recurred and one developed invasive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Bin Woo
- 1] Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA [2] Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA [3] Strata Pathology Services, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Perrin C, Langbein L, Ambrossetti D, Erfan N, Schweizer J, Michiels JF. Onychocytic Carcinoma. Am J Dermatopathol 2013; 35:679-84. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e3182827fec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Expression of p16 protein in lesional and perilesional condyloma acuminata and bowenoid papulosis: clinical significance and diagnostic implications. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69:444-9. [PMID: 23706650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histopathological and clinical overlapping features between condyloma acuminata and bowenoid papulosis can present a diagnostic challenge and we sought to determine if immunochemistry can be helpful in this setting. OBJECTIVE In this study, we evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of p16 immunohistochemistry in condyloma and bowenoid papulosis lesions compared with uninvolved perilesional skin and discuss the possible clinical implications. METHODS A total of 36 skin biopsy specimens (24 samples of condyloma and 12 samples of bowenoid papulosis with adjacent uninvolved perilesional skin) were stained with an antibody to p16 protein. RESULTS In all, 75% of condyloma lesions showed sporadic and focal positive staining for p16 protein. All cases of bowenoid papulosis showed diffuse positive staining with p16 protein. Normal-appearing adjacent skin was negative in all cases. LIMITATIONS Studies with a larger number of cases are needed to confirm our data. CONCLUSION This immunostain has high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of bowenoid papulosis. Although p16 is expressed in both conditions, the staining pattern in bowenoid papulosis is strongly and diffusely positive involving the full thickness of the epidermis compared with the mostly focal or sporadic pattern observed in condyloma.
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Corbalán-Vélez R, Oviedo-Ramírez I, Ruiz-Maciá J, Conesa-Zamora P, Sánchez-Hernández M, Martínez-Barba E, Brufau-Redondo C, López-Lozano J. Immunohistochemical Staining of p16 in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Genital and Extragenital Area. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Tinción inmunohistoquímica p16 en carcinomas epidermoides del área genital y extragenital. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2011; 102:439-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Munday JS, Gibson I, French AF. Papillomaviral DNA and increased p16CDKN2A protein are frequently present within feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in ultraviolet-protected skin. Vet Dermatol 2011; 22:360-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2011.00958.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Munday JS, French AF, Peters-Kennedy J, Orbell GMB, Gwynne K. Increased p16CDKN2A Protein Within Feline Cutaneous Viral Plaques, Bowenoid In Situ Carcinomas, and a Subset of Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:460-5. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985810374844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous viral plaques and bowenoid in situ carcinomas (BISCs) in cats are thought to be caused by papillomavirus (PV) infection. There is evidence that PVs may also cause some feline invasive squamous cell carcinomas (ISCCs). Human oncogenic PVs degrade retinoblastoma (RB) protein, impairing cell cycle control. Loss of RB function also increases p16CDKN2A protein (p16), and increased p16 immunoreactivity within a human oral ISCC indicates that the neoplasm was caused by PV infection. In the present study, p16 immunoreactivity was evaluated in 14 feline viral plaques, 14 BISCs, 7 non–solar-induced ISCCs, 11 solar-induced ISCCs, and 14 trichoblastomas. Increased p16 was present within all viral plaques, BISCs, and non–solar-induced ISCCs. In contrast, little p16 immunoreactivity was visible in the solar-induced ISCCs or trichoblastomas. PV DNA was consistently amplified from viral plaques, BISCs, and non–solar-induced ISCCs. However, just 5 solar-induced ISCCs and 1 trichoblastoma contained PV DNA. Given that both increased p16 immunoreactivity and PV DNA were present within viral plaques, BISCs, and non–solar-induced ISCCs, all 3 may be caused by PV infection. This suggests that feline non–solar-induced ISCCs may develop as a result of neoplastic progression from viral plaques and BISCs. Whether PVs promote this progression is unknown; however, evidence from this study suggests the PV that is associated with viral plaques and BISCs is able to disrupt the p16–RB pathway and therefore could have oncogenic potential. Immunohistochemical detection of p16 appears to be a useful technique to investigate the role of PVs in feline skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Munday
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - A. F. French
- New Zealand Veterinary Pathology Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J. Peters-Kennedy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | | | - K. Gwynne
- Medlab Central, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Suárez-Vilela D, Izquierdo-García F, Domínguez-Iglesias F, Méndez-Álvarez JR. Combined Papillated Bowen Disease and Clear Cell Atypical Fibroxanthoma. Case Rep Dermatol 2010; 2:69-75. [PMID: 21103191 PMCID: PMC2988839 DOI: 10.1159/000314232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of papillated Bowen disease (PBD), associated with a clear cell atypical fibroxanthoma (CCAFXA). The epidermal lesion showed a bowenoid papillomatous growth pattern with histologic features suggestive of infection by human papilloma virus (HPV). In the dermis a neoplasm made up by spindled or polygonal cells with wide clear cytoplasm and moderate nuclear pleomorphism was found. Immunohistochemical characteristics of these two lesions were clearly different. The atypical cells of the intraepidermal proliferation were positive for AE1-AE3 anticytokeratin antibody, EMA, p16, p53 and p63. The dermal tumor was positive for vimentin, CD10, CD68, CD99, alpha-1-antitrypsin and c-kit. Histological features and immunohistochemical profile of the dermal tumor corresponded to a CCAFXA, a very uncommon neoplasm of which only 10 cases have been reported. In situ hybridization for numerous types of HPVs was negative in both lesions.
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Odida M, Lloveras B, Guimera N, Weiderpass E. The usefulness of immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays of Human Papillomavirus negative adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. BMC Res Notes 2010; 3:54. [PMID: 20199664 PMCID: PMC2852389 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-3-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The origin of adenocarcinomas presenting on the cervix uteri may be doubtful, i.e. whether it is of cervical or endometrial origin, due to the overlapping morphological features. In HPV negative samples, further tests may be needed to ascertain the nature of the tumours. We aimed to explore the use of immunohistochemistry profiles in tissue microarrays in archived samples of adenocarcinoma (ADC) of the cervix from Uganda that tested negative for HPV DNA. Findings Five commercially available antibodies were tested in tissue array sections immunostained utilizing the avidin-biotin (AB) technique. In 26 ADC samples, HPV was detected in 13, p16 in 15 (8 in HPV positive and 7 in HPV negative), CEA in 12, vimentin in 6, ER in 0, and PR in 2. Among the 13/25 HPV negative ADC samples, five were positive for CEA suggesting endocervical origin, and three were vimentin positive (one had a mucinous endocervical histological pattern and two were ADC, not otherwise specified, most likely of endometrial origin). Conclusions The immunoprofiles of ADC with the antibodies studied are rather nonspecific. By using immunohistochemistry in 13 HPV negative ADC, endocervical tumour origin was suspected in five CEA positive cases while two out of three vimentin positive samples were probably of endometrial origin, suggesting that CEA and vimentin may be valuable in distinguishing HPV negative cervical adenocarcinomas from endometrial adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Odida
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Distinctive Association of p16INK4a Overexpression With Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia Depicting Warty and/or Basaloid Features: A Study of 141 Cases Evaluating a New Nomenclature. Am J Surg Pathol 2010; 34:385-92. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e3181cdad23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sánchez-Hernández M, Conesa-Zamora P, García-Solano J, Corbalán-Vélez R, Martínez-Barba E, Pérez-Guillermo M. Expression profiles of ProEx C and Ki67 in squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the skin and their relationship with human papillomavirus genotypes. J Cutan Pathol 2010; 37:730-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2010.01530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Abstract
The expression of p16 in cutaneous neoplasms is upregulated in melanocytic neoplasms, ultraviolet radiation-induced neoplasms, such as actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinomas, and in lesions related to human papillomavirus, such as Bowen's disease and bowenoid papulosis. In cervical dysplasia and tonsillar carcinoma, there is such a close relationship between p16 and human papillomavirus (HPV) to the extent that p16 immunostaining is used as a surrogate marker for the presence of HPV proteins. In this study we were interested in the expression pattern of p16 in trichilemmomas. Twenty-six conventional and 19 desmoplastic trichilemmomas were immunohistochemically stained for p16. p16 immunostaining was noted in the majority of conventional (80.8%) and desmoplastic trichilemmomas (73.7%). The staining pattern was both nuclear and cytoplasmic. The staining intensity was more pronounced in the desmoplastic variant. We describe for the first time p16 expression in trichilemmomas and discuss our findings in conjunction with p16 expression found in other cutaneous neoplasms. Additionally, the relationship of p16 to HPV infection is critically evaluated.
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Bagazgoitia L, Cuevas J, Juarranz A. Expression of p53 and p16 in actinic keratosis, bowenoid actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 24:228-30. [PMID: 19515076 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bowen's disease (BD) and bowenoid actinic keratosis (bAK) have traditionally been differentiated according to the presence or absence of dysplasia in the follicular epithelium. p16 has been suggested to be a useful tool to make the differential diagnosis between BD and AK and as a marker of bad prognosis. MATERIALS Five biopsies of BD, five of AK and five of bAK where stained for p53 and p16. RESULTS All lesions showed positive immunostaining of p53, affecting to the lower two thirds of the epidermis in BD and bAK, and only the basal layer in non-bAK. All the BD and bAK cases were positive for p16, showing a similar immunostaining pattern, whereas no staining was observed in non-bAK. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings suggest a common pathogenic mechanism for BD and bAK. bAK might have worse prognosis than AK. p16 might not be useful as a tool for differential diagnosis between AK and BD because bAK and BD show an extremely similar immunohistochemical pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bagazgoitia
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Iwasa A, Oda Y, Kurihara S, Ohishi Y, Yasunaga M, Nishimura I, Takagi E, Kobayashi H, Wake N, Tsuneyoshi M. Malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma to squamous cell carcinoma involves altered expression of p53- and p16/Rb-dependent cell cycle regulator proteins. Pathol Int 2008; 58:757-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2008.02307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Ling J, Wiederkehr U, Cabiness S, Shroyer KR, Robinson JP. Application of flow cytometry for biomarker-based cervical cancer cells detection. Diagn Cytopathol 2008; 36:76-84. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.20763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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