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Bao C, Gu J, Huang X, You L, Zhou Z, Jin J. Cytokine profiles in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: IL-6 and IL-10 levels are associated with adverse clinical features and poor outcomes. Cytokine 2023; 169:156289. [PMID: 37453327 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a prevalent subgroup of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), potentially involves various cytokines. We aimed to determine the correlation between deregulated serum levels of cytokines and clinical features and investigate their impact on the prognosis of patients with DLBCL. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 77 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL to explore the relationships between different cytokines, adverse clinical features, and poor outcomes. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the cytokine profiles between patients with DLBCL and healthy controls. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the probability of survival, and the log-rank tests were used to evaluate the differences between survival curves. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to performed univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate prognostic variables for survival analyze. RESULTS Serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ were significantly elevated in patients with untreated DLBCL. Serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly higher in patients with an International Prognostic Index (IPI) of 3-5, bone marrow involvement, serum levels of LDH ≥ 250 U/L, and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) levels ≥ 2.3 mg/L. Patients with B symptoms only had higher serum IL-10 levels, whereas patients with a partial response or no response to treatment had significantly elevated serum levels of IL-6 as well as IL-10. Significant positive correlations were observed between the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 with those of β2-MG and LDH. Patients with levels of IL-6 ≥ 4.5 or IL-10 ≥ 5.0 pg/mL, as well as combined elevated IL-6 and IL-10 levels, exhibited shorter progression-free survival and overall survival. Additionally, univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that serum levels of IL-6 ≥ 4.5 pg/mL and IL-10 ≥ 5.0 pg/mL and IPI 3-5 were independent prognostic factors for relapse and survival in patients with DLBCL. CONCLUSIONS Pre-treatment serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels in patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL might be powerful markers for determining treatment response and predicting the prognosis of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Bao
- Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiayan Gu
- Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Liangshun You
- Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ziyang Zhou
- Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Battella S, Cox MC, La Scaleia R, Di Napoli A, Di Landro F, Porzia A, Franchitti L, Mainiero F, Ruco L, Monarca B, Santoni A, Palmieri G. Peripheral blood T cell alterations in newly diagnosed diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients and their long-term dynamics upon rituximab-based chemoimmunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:1295-1306. [PMID: 28555258 PMCID: PMC11028700 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The importance of T cell-dependent immune responses in achieving long-term cure of chemoimmunotherapy-treated cancer patients is underscored by the recently described "vaccinal effect" exerted by therapeutic mAbs. In accordance, pre- and post-therapy peripheral blood lymphopenia represents a well-established negative prognostic factor in DLBCL. We analyzed the phenotypic and functional (IFNγ production, and Granzyme B (GrzB) cytotoxic granule marker expression) profile of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets ("conventional" CD4+ and CD8+, FOXP3+CD25bright Treg, and "innate-like" CD56+) in DLBCL patients at diagnosis, and assessed the long-term impact of R-CHOP chemoimmunotherapy, in a prospective study. At diagnosis, DLBCL patients showed lower lymphocyte counts, due to selective decrement of CD4+ T (including Treg) and B lymphocytes. While all T cell subsets transiently decreased during therapy, CD4+ T cell and Treg remained significantly lower than controls, up to 1 year after R-CHOP. Phenotypically skewed profile of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets associated with higher frequencies of IFNγ+ and GrzB+ cells at diagnosis, that transiently decreased during therapy, and re-attained persistently elevated levels, till up to 1 year after therapy. Differently, the pre-therapy elevated levels of circulating monocytes, and of plasma IL-6 and IL-10 rapidly normalized upon R-CHOP. In sum, we describe a quantitatively and functionally altered status of the peripheral blood T cell compartment in DLBCL patients at diagnosis, that persists long-term after tumor eradication, and it is only transiently perturbed by R-CHOP chemoimmunotherapy. Moreover, data suggest the association of selected T cell functional features with DLBCL phenotype, and with therapy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Battella
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - M Christina Cox
- Hematology Unit, AO Sant'Andrea, University La Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.
| | - Raffaella La Scaleia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Di Napoli
- Neuromed, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Landro
- Hematology Unit, AO Sant'Andrea, University La Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Porzia
- Neuromed, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Lavinia Franchitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mainiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Ruco
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Monarca
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Palmieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Zhu G, Pan D, Zheng T, Lan Q, Chen X, Chen Y, Kim C, Bi X, Holford T, Boyle P, Leaderer B, Chanock SJ, Rothman N, Zhang Y. Polymorphisms in Th1/Th2 cytokine genes, hormone replacement therapy, and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Front Oncol 2011; 1. [PMID: 22180854 PMCID: PMC3237699 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2011.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a population-based case–control study in Connecticut women to test the hypothesis that genetic variations in Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes modify the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Compared to women without a history of HRT use, women with a history of HRT use had a significantly decreased risk of NHL if they carried IFNGR2 (rs1059293) CT/TT genotypes (OR = 0.5, 95%CI: 0.3–0.9), IL13 (rs20541) GG genotype (OR = 0.6, 95%CI: 0.4–0.9), and IL13 (rs1295686) CC genotype (OR = 0.6, 95%CI: 0.4–0.8), but not among women who carried IFNGR2 CC, IL13 AG/AA, and IL13CT/TT genotypes. A similar pattern was also observed for B-cell lymphoma but not for T-cell lymphoma. A statistically significant interaction was observed for IFNGR2 (rs1059293 Pfor interaction = 0.024), IL13(rs20541 Pfor interaction = 0.005), IL13 (rs1295686 Pfor interaction = 0.008), and IL15RA (rs2296135 Pfor interaction = 0.049) for NHL overall; IL13 (rs20541 Pfor interaction = 0.0009), IL13(rs1295686 Pfor interaction = 0.0002), and IL15RA (rs2296135 Pfor interaction = 0.041) for B-cell lymphoma. The results suggest that common genetic variation in Th1/Th2 pathway genes may modify the association between HRT and NHL risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongjian Zhu
- Gansu Provincial Academy of Medical Sciences, Gansu Provincial Tumor Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Cytokine polymorphisms in Th1/Th2 pathway genes, body mass index, and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2010; 117:585-90. [PMID: 20952689 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-07-295097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a population-based, case-control study in Connecticut women to test the hypothesis that genetic variations in Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes modify the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Compared with those with BMI less than 25 kg/m(2), women with BMI more than or equal to 25 kg/m(2) had 50% to 90% increased risk of NHL among women who carried IFNGR2 (rs9808753) AA, IL5 (rs2069812) CT/TT, IL7R (rs1494555) AA, and TNF (rs1799724) CC genotypes, but no increased risk among women with IFNGR2 AG/GG, IL5 CC, IL7R AG/GG, and TNF CT/TT genotypes. A significant interaction with BMI was only observed for IFNGR2 (rs9808753 P(forinteraction) = .034) and IL7R (rs1494555 P(forinteraction) = .016) for NHL overall; IL7R (rs1494555 P(forinteraction) = .016) and TNF (1799724 P(forinteraction) = .031) for B-cell lymphoma; and IL5 (rs2069812 P(forinteraction) = .034) for T-cell lymphoma. After stratification by common B-cell lymphoma subtypes, a significant interaction was observed for IFNGR2 (rs9808753 P(forinteraction) = .006), IL13 (rs20541 P(forinteraction) = .019), and IL7R (rs1494555 P(forinteraction) = .012) for marginal zone B-cell lymphoma; IL7R (rs1494555 P(forinteraction) = .017) for small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia; and IL12A (rs568408 P(forinteraction) = .013) and TNF (1799724 P(forinteraction) = .04) for follicular lymphoma. The results suggest that common genetic variation in Th1/Th2 pathway genes may modify the association between BMI and NHL risk.
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Fujimoto K, Endo T, Nishio M, Obara M, Yamaguchi K, Takeda Y, Goto H, Kasahara I, Sato N, Koike T. Complete remission of splenic marginal zone lymphoma after an acute flare-up of hepatitis B in a hepatitis B virus carrier. Int J Hematol 2009; 90:601-604. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-009-0426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2009] [Revised: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lankes HA, Fought AJ, Evens AM, Weisenburger DD, Chiu BCH. Vaccination history and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a population-based, case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 2009; 20:517-23. [PMID: 19011978 PMCID: PMC3446202 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-008-9259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As factors that alter the immune system have been implicated in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) etiology, it is of interest to explore the association between vaccination and risk of NHL. Results of few epidemiologic studies conducted thus far are inconsistent, and only one has examined the association by histologic subtype. SUBJECTS A population-based, case-control study of 387 patients with NHL and 535 controls conducted in Nebraska between 1999 and 2002. METHODS Information on vaccination for tetanus, polio, influenza, smallpox, and tuberculosis, as well as important environmental factors, was collected by telephone interview. Risk was estimated by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for confounders. RESULTS We found that NHL risk was inversely associated with ever receiving a polio (OR = 0.59, CI = 0.40-0.87) or smallpox (OR = 0.71, CI = 0.51-0.98) vaccination, and positively associated with influenza vaccination (OR = 1.53, CI = 1.14-2.06). No significant association was found for tetanus or tuberculosis vaccination. The patterns of association were similar between men and women. Analysis by histologic subtypes showed that polio vaccination was associated with a lower risk of follicular (OR = 0.54, CI = 0.31-0.92) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphomas (OR = 0.29, CI = 0.12-0.69) and smallpox vaccination was associated with a lower risk of marginal zone lymphoma (OR = 0.41, CI = 0.19-0.88). In contrast, ever receiving an influenza vaccination was associated with a higher risk of follicular (OR = 1.98, CI = 1.23-3.18) and diffuse large B cell lymphomas (OR = 1.88, CI = 1.13-3.12). CONCLUSION Risk of NHL is inversely associated with polio and smallpox vaccination and positively associated with influenza vaccination. These associations appear to differ by histologic subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Lankes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 North Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1102, Chicago, IL 60611-4402, USA
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Maile R, Barnes CM, Nielsen AI, Meyer AA, Frelinger JA, Cairns BA. Lymphopenia-Induced Homeostatic Proliferation of CD8+T Cells Is a Mechanism for Effective Allogeneic Skin Graft Rejection following Burn Injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:6717-26. [PMID: 16709831 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.11.6717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Burn patients are immunocompromised yet paradoxically are able to effectively reject allogeneic skin grafts. Failure to close a massive burn wound leads to sepsis and multiple system organ failure. Immune suppression early (3 days) after burn injury is associated with glucocorticoid-mediated T cell apoptosis and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses. Using a mouse model of burn injury, we show CD8+ T cell hyperresponsiveness late (14 days) after burn injury. This is associated with a CD8+ T cell pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion profile, peripheral lymphopenia, and accumulation of a rapidly cycling, hyperresponsive memory-like CD8+CD44+ IL-7R- T cells which do not require costimulation for effective Ag response. Adoptive transfer of allospecific CD8+ T cells purified 14 days postburn results in enhanced allogeneic skin graft rejection in unburned recipient mice. Chemical blockade of glucocorticoid-induced lymphocyte apoptosis early after burn injury abolishes both the late homeostatic accumulation of CD8+ memory-like T cells and the associated enhanced proinflammatory CD8+ T cell response, but not the late enhanced CD8+ anti-inflammatory response. These data suggest a mechanism for the dynamic CD8+ T cell response following injury involving an interaction between activation, apoptosis, and cellular regeneration with broad clinical implications for allogeneic skin grafting and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Maile
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Sakakura K, Chikamatsu K, Takahashi K, Whiteside TL, Furuya N. Maturation of circulating dendritic cells and imbalance of T-cell subsets in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:151-9. [PMID: 15889251 PMCID: PMC11030220 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-005-0697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2005] [Accepted: 02/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells play a pivotal role in the regulation and maintenance of immune responses. In cancer patients, various immunological abnormalities have been observed in these immune cells. Here, we investigated proportions and the phenotype of DCs and the cytokine profile of T-cell subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), using multicolor flow cytometry. The percentage of myeloid (CD11c(+)), but not plasmacytoid (CD123(+)) DCs, was significantly lower (P<0.05) and expression of HLA-DR was significantly decreased in total and myeloid DCs of cancer patients compared to healthy donors. Simultaneous analyses of T-cell subsets in the patients' circulation showed significantly increased proportions of CD4(+) T cells expressing Th1 and Th2 cytokines after ex vivo stimulation without any skewing in the Th1/Th2 ratio. The relative level of HLA-DR expression on myeloid or total DCs positively correlated with the Th1/Th2 ratio (P<0.01), and the proportion of total circulating DCs was inversely correlated with that of regulatory CD4(+)CD25+() T cells (P<0.01). These results suggest that the decreased proportion of circulating DCs and decreased HLA-DR expression in DCs may have a major impact on systemic immune responses in patients with SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Sakakura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8511 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chikamatsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8511 Japan
| | - Katsumasa Takahashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8511 Japan
| | - Theresa L. Whiteside
- Departments of Pathology, Immunology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, 15213-1863 Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Nobuhiko Furuya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8511 Japan
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Lan Q, Zheng T, Rothman N, Zhang Y, Wang SS, Shen M, Berndt SI, Zahm SH, Holford TR, Leaderer B, Yeager M, Welch R, Boyle P, Zhang B, Zou K, Zhu Y, Chanock S. Cytokine polymorphisms in the Th1/Th2 pathway and susceptibility to non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2006; 107:4101-8. [PMID: 16449530 PMCID: PMC1895277 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-10-4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that common polymorphisms in Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes can alter gene expression, modulate the balance between Th1/Th2 responsiveness, and influence susceptibility for autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, and cancer. We analyzed one or more single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 20 candidate Th1/Th2 genes in a population-based case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; n = 518 cases, 597 controls) among women in Connecticut. SNPs in critical genes, IL4, IL5, IL6, and IL10, were associated with risk for NHL and in some instances with a specific histologic subtype. Analysis of 4 SNPs in the IL10 promoter (-3575T>A, -1082A>G, -819C>T, and -592C>A) revealed that both the AGCC haplotype (odds ratio [OR] = 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21-1.96, P < .001) and the TATA haplotype (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.05-1.79, P = .02) were associated with increased risk for B-cell lymphomas. In contrast, the IL4-1098G allele was associated with increased risk of T-cell lymphomas (OR = 3.84; 95% CI = 1.79-8.22; P < .001). Further, the IL10 and IL4 SNP associations remained significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons. These results suggest that SNPs in Th2 cytokine genes may be associated with risk of NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lan
- Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH/DHHS, MSC 7240, 6120 Executive Blvd, EPS 8109, Bethesda, MD 20892-7240, USA.
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