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Tang T, Xu Y, Wang L, Zhang P. In vitro acne disease model from inertial focusing effect for studying the interactions between sebocyte glands and macrophages. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300108. [PMID: 37477791 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Acne is one of the most widespread skin diseases. The acne mechanism is intricate, involving interactions between different types of cells (i.e., sebocytes and macrophages). One of the challenges in studying the mechanism of acne is that current in vitro culture methods cannot reflect the 3D cellular environment in the tissue, including inflammatory stimuli and cellular interactions especially the interactions between sebocytes and immune cells. To solve this issue, we generated an in vitro acne disease model consisting of 3D artificial sebocyte glands and macrophages through the inertial focusing effect method. Using this model, we produced a controllable inflammatory environment similar to the acne pathogenetic process in the skin. The 3D artificial sebocyte glands and macrophages can be separated for analyzing each cell type, assisting the in-depth understanding of the acne mechanism. This study indicates that proinflammatory macrophages promote lipid accumulation and induce oxidative stress in sebocyte glands. Additionally, in an inflammatory environment, sebocyte glands induce macrophage polarization into the M1 phenotype. Employing this model for drug screening, we also demonstrated that, cannabidiol (CBD), a clinically investigated drug, is effective in restoring lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and macrophage polarization in the acne disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Tang
- Department of Material Processing and Controlling, School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Material Processing and Controlling, School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Center of Soft Matter Physics and Its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Lelin Wang
- Department of Material Processing and Controlling, School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Material Processing and Controlling, School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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2
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Kim JY, Kwack MH, Lee EH, Lee WJ. Effects of Black Ginseng Water Extract under the Inflammatory Conditions of Cultured Sebocytes and Outer Root Sheath Cells. Ann Dermatol 2022; 34:95-104. [PMID: 35450316 PMCID: PMC8989908 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2022.34.2.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng has been used in Korea for a long time as a restorative herbal medicine. Black ginseng (BG) is made from red or white ginseng by multiple steamy and dry processes. Although BG has been reported to have anti-inflammatory potential, studies on its influence on inflammatory skin disorders are lacking. Objective To investigate the effects of BG under the inflammatory conditions of cultured sebocytes and outer root sheath (ORS) cells. Methods The cultured cells were treated with 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide, 5 µg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or 5 µg/ml LPS+50 µg/ml BG for 6 hours and 24 hours. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and Nile red staining were performed for analysis of inflammatory biomarkers and sebum-related biomarkers. Results BG brought out the increased gene and protein expression of inflammatory biomarkers such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α, in the LPS-treated sebocytes and ORS cells. In addition, BG induced increased expression of TLR4, p-c-jun, p-JNK and p-iκB in LPS-treated sebocytes and ORS cells. Furthermore, it significantly increased the expression of LL-37 and the production of sebum in LPS-treated sebocytes. Conclusion It may be possible for BG to increase the expression of inflammatory biomarkers in inflammatory skin disorders, such as acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi Hee Kwack
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Weon Ju Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Dull K, Fazekas F, Deák D, Kovács D, Póliska S, Szegedi A, Zouboulis CC, Törőcsik D. miR-146a modulates TLR1/2 and 4 induced inflammation and links it with proliferation and lipid production via the indirect regulation of GNG7 in human SZ95 sebocytes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21510. [PMID: 34728702 PMCID: PMC8563942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Toll-like receptors (TLR) 1/2 and 4 are central in inducing inflammation in sebocytes by regulating the expression of protein coding mRNAs, however the microRNA (miRNA) profile in response to TLR activation and thus the possible role of miRNAs in modulating sebocyte functions has not been elucidated. In this work we identified miR-146a to have the highest induction in the TLR1/2 and 4 activated SZ95 sebocytes and found that its increased levels led to the down-regulation of IL-8 secretion, decreased the chemoattractant potential and stimulated the proliferation of sebocytes. Assessing the gene expression profile of SZ95 sebocytes treated with a miR-146a inhibitor, the induction of GNG7 was one of the highest, while when cells were treated with a miR-146a mimic, the expression of GNG7 was down-regulated. These findings correlated with our in situ hybridization results, that compared with control, miR-146a showed an increased, while GNG7 a decreased expression in sebaceous glands of acne samples. Further studies revealed, that when inhibiting the levels of GNG7 in SZ95 sebocytes, cells increased their lipid content and decreased their proliferation. Our findings suggest, that miR-146a could be a potential player in acne pathogenesis by regulating inflammation, inducing proliferation and, through the indirect down-regulation of GNG7, promoting the lipid production of sebocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Dull
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Fazekas
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Dávid Deák
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Dóra Kovács
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szegedi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.,Division of Dermatological Allergology, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Dániel Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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Zhao L, Qiu J, Yin X, Zhang N, Wu W, Wang C, Ji B, Zhang L, Zhou F. Blossom and bee pollen from Rosa rugosa as potential intervention for acne caused by excessive androgen secretion in golden hamster acne model. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1674788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiafei Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanhai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoping Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liebing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Törőcsik D, Kovács D, Póliska S, Szentkereszty-Kovács Z, Lovászi M, Hegyi K, Szegedi A, Zouboulis CC, Ståhle M. Genome wide analysis of TLR1/2- and TLR4-activated SZ95 sebocytes reveals a complex immune-competence and identifies serum amyloid A as a marker for activated sebaceous glands. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198323. [PMID: 29927962 PMCID: PMC6013244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 are active in sebaceous glands and play a central role in the development of acne. Still, there is only limited knowledge on their effect on sebocytes. In this work we performed global gene expression profile analysis with functional clustering of the differentially regulated genes of TLR1/2 (PAM3CSK4)- and TLR4 (lipopolysaccharide [LPS])-activated SZ95 sebocytes. Both TLR1/2- and 4-activation promoted inflammation in a similar manner already at an early time-point (6 hours), regulating genes involved in inflammation, wound healing and chemotaxis reflecting a more complex cytokine and chemokine regulation than previously known. Importantly, lipid metabolism, the primary feature of sebocytes, was affected at the level of gene expression only at a later time point (24 hours) indicating that sebocytes prioritize to exert a pro-inflammatory phenotype when confronted with a danger signal. Supporting the biological relevance of our results, a meta-analysis revealed that the genes showing the strongest up-regulation were also found up-regulated in acne. Of these genes, serum amyloid A 1/2 (SAA1/2) was confirmed to be a suitable protein marker for in vivo activated sebocytes, underlining their immune-competence, which is structurally defined within sebaceous glands of acne and rosacea skin samples. Altogether our findings demonstrate that sebocytes are not only positioned at the end point of inflammation but are actively involved in shaping the inflammatory response with putative diagnostic and therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Unit of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dóra Kovács
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Marianna Lovászi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Hegyi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szegedi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Division of Dermatological Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodore Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - Mona Ståhle
- Unit of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Li X, He C, Chen Z, Zhou C, Gan Y, Jia Y. A review of the role of sebum in the mechanism of acne pathogenesis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2017; 16:168-173. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development; School of Science; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing China
| | - Congfen He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development; School of Science; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Department of Dermatology; Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Dermatology; Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Yao Gan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development; School of Science; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing China
| | - Yan Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development; School of Science; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing China
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Götz C, Pfeiffer R, Tigges J, Blatz V, Jäckh C, Freytag EM, Fabian E, Landsiedel R, Merk HF, Krutmann J, Edwards RJ, Pease C, Goebel C, Hewitt N, Fritsche E. Xenobiotic metabolism capacities of human skin in comparison with a 3D epidermis model and keratinocyte-based cell culture as in vitro alternatives for chemical testing: activating enzymes (Phase I). Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:358-63. [PMID: 22509833 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skin is important for the absorption and metabolism of exposed chemicals such as cosmetics or pharmaceuticals. The Seventh Amendment to the EU Cosmetics Directive prohibits the use of animals for cosmetic testing for certain endpoints, such as genotoxicity; therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the xenobiotic metabolizing capacities of human skin and to compare these activities with reconstructed 3D skin models developed to replace animal testing. We have measured Phase I enzyme activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP) and cyclooxygenase (COX) in ex vivo human skin, the 3D skin model EpiDerm™ (EPI-200), immortalized keratinocyte-based cell lines and primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Our data demonstrate that basal CYP enzyme activities are very low in whole human skin and EPI-200 as well as keratinocytes. In addition, activities in monolayer cells differed from organotypic tissues after induction. COX activity was similar in skin, EPI-200 and NHEK cells, but was significantly lower in immortalized keratinocytes. Hence, the 3D model EPI-200 might represent a more suitable model for dermatotoxicological studies. Altogether, these data help to better understand skin metabolism and expand the knowledge of in vitro alternatives used for dermatotoxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Götz
- Leibniz-Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Sato T, Kurihara H, Akimoto N, Noguchi N, Sasatsu M, Ito A. Augmentation of Gene Expression and Production of Promatrix Metalloproteinase 2 by Propionibacterium acnes-Derived Factors in Hamster Sebocytes and Dermal Fibroblasts: A Possible Mechanism for Acne Scarring. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:295-9. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Hirokazu Kurihara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Noriko Akimoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Norihisa Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Masanori Sasatsu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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