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Facchinetti A, Gallo P, Perini P, Mezzalira S, Ronchese F, Biasi G. The MBP-reactive repertoire is shaped by recognition of minor histocompatibility antigens. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 148:154-61. [PMID: 14975596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2003] [Revised: 10/15/2003] [Accepted: 11/26/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
While it is known that the degeneracy of T-cell antigen recognition is involved in many aspects of T cell-immunology, its importance in the selection of the T cell repertoire remains an aspect to be better investigated. Here we examined if an intrathymic degenerate T cell recognition mechanism shapes the myelin basic protein (MBP)-reactive repertoire inducing resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in some MHC and/or minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHAs) heterozygous F1 mice bearing the H-2(s) susceptibility allele. We found a considerable degree of cross-reactivity between MBP and MiHAs encoded in various EAE resistant mouse strains: (1) MBP-specific T cells can be re-stimulated in vitro by cells expressing these MiHAs and maintain their encephalitogenic activity, and (2) lymphoid cells from parental strains that generate EAE resistant F1 hybrids can induce disease relapse when injected into EAE-susceptible hosts. The results suggest that heterozygosity, through the degeneracy of T cell antigen recognition mechanism, may provide further means to constrain the potential autoreactive repertoire.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4 Antigens/metabolism
- Disease Susceptibility
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/physiopathology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry/methods
- Genes, MHC Class II/genetics
- H-2 Antigens
- Heterozygote
- Immunization
- In Vitro Techniques
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Knockout
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/metabolism
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/physiology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Myelin Basic Protein/physiology
- Pertussis Toxin
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Transplantation, Homologous/adverse effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Facchinetti
- Department of Oncology and Surgical Sciences, University of Padova, via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
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2
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Schirrmacher V, Müerköster S, Bucur M, Umansky V, Rocha M. Breaking tolerance to a tumor-associated viral superantigen as a basis for graft-versus-leukemia reactivity. Int J Cancer 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20000901)87:5<695::aid-ijc12>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Sutmuller M, Baelde HJ, Ouellette S, De Heer E, Bruijn JA. T-cell receptor Vbeta gene expression in experimental lupus nephritis. Immunology 1998; 95:18-25. [PMID: 9767452 PMCID: PMC1364371 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1998.00565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A limited T-cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta repertoire employed by autoreactive T cells may be related to the development and course of autoimmune diseases. Vbeta repertoire skewing has been observed not only in man, but also in animal models of several human autoimmune diseases, such as MRL-lpr mice, which spontaneously develop a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like disease. Murine chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is an inducible model for SLE, involving direct interaction between donor T cells and recipient B cells. It is not known whether Vbeta-specific T-cell subsets are pathogenically involved in this model. Retroviral superantigens such as Mls-1 are known to have a profound impact on the TCR Vbeta repertoire in mice. Restriction of the peripheral TCR repertoire may result from intrathymic expression of Mls-1, which causes deletion of T cells expressing Vbeta6, -7, -8.1, or -9. Mls-1 incompatibility between donor and recipient can be used to determine the involvement of these TCR Vbeta families in GVHD. In the present study we induced GVHD in several strain combinations to investigate TCR Vbeta gene expression during GVHD, and the effect of Mls-1 incompatibility on the TCR Vbeta repertoire. TCR Vbeta gene expression was determined using an RNase protection assay. Our results indicate that T cells expressing the Vbeta2 or Vbeta16 chain play an important pathogenetic role, while T cells bearing the Vbeta1 or Vbeta6 chain may be related to self-limitation of the lupus-like disease in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sutmuller
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Hospital, The Netherlands
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4
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Niimi N, Wajjwalku W, Ando Y, Tomida S, Ueda M, Yoshikai Y. A new gene encoding the ligand for deletion of T cells bearing Tcrb-V6 and V8.1 (Mtv-50). Immunogenetics 1994; 40:312. [PMID: 8082898 DOI: 10.1007/bf00189982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Niimi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan
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5
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Niimi N, Wajjwalku W, Ando Y, Tomida S, Takeuchi M, Ueda M, Kaneda T, Yoshikai Y. Delay in expression of a mammary tumor provirus is responsible for defective clonal deletion during postnatal period. Eur J Immunol 1994; 24:488-91. [PMID: 8299700 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830240235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A gene-encoding ligand for deletion of T cells bearing TcRV beta 6 and V beta 8.1 cosegregates a new mammary tumor provirus locus, Mtv-50 in NC mice. The sequence of the open reading frame (ORF) in the 3' long terminal repeat (LTR) of Mtv-50 was strikingly similar to those of Mtv-7, Mtv-43 and exogenous mouse mammary tumor virus (SW) with properties of minor lymphocyte stimulating antigen 1a. Consistent with previous reports, clonal deletion of mature thymocytes bearing TcRV beta 6 was defective during the early postnatal period of mice carrying Mtv-50. Appreciable levels of mRNA corresponding to common Mtv ORF and Mtv-6 ORF were expressed in the neonatal thymus, while little, if any, mRNA corresponding to Mtv-50 ORF was detected in the thymus at the early postnatal stage. Delay in expression of Mtv-50 ORF during the postnatal period may be responsible for the failure of clonal deletion of V beta 6-T cells in the early postnatal life of mice carrying Mtv-50.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn/immunology
- Animals, Newborn/microbiology
- Base Sequence
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Minor Lymphocyte Stimulatory Antigens/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Superantigens/immunology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
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Affiliation(s)
- N Niimi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan
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6
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Murakami K, Hosono M, Maruyama H, Mori Y, Nishio A, Fukumoto M, Watanabe Y, Inaba M, Kuribayashi K, Sakai M. Concomitant enhancement of the response to Mls-1a antigens and the induction of post-thymectomy autoimmune gastritis in BALB/c mice. Clin Exp Immunol 1993; 92:500-5. [PMID: 8513582 PMCID: PMC1554784 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1993.tb03428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the role of Mls antigens in the induction of autoimmune gastritis (AIG) in BALB/c and DBA/2 mice subjected to thymectomy. The prevalence of AIG in Mls-1b mice which underwent thymectomy on day 3 after birth (3d-Tx) was 78% (mean), while in Mls-1a DBA/2 mice it was < 6%. Whereas AIG-negative 3d-Tx DBA/2 mice produced 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME)-sensitive antiparietal cell autoantibody, AIG-positive BALB/c mice made 2-ME-resistant anti-parietal cell autoantibody. In addition, the prevalence of AIG in 3d-Tx BALB/c mice which were rendered tolerant to MIs-1a antigens by injection of bone marrow cells from (BALB/c x DBA/2)F1 mice within 24 h after birth was decreased compared with the non-tolerant control mice; the prevalence being 80% in the controls and 30% in the tolerant animals. Thus, the activation of helper T cells, including T cells responding to Mls-1a antigens and including immunoglobulin class switch, appeared to be closely associated with the induction of AIG. Flowcytometric analysis confirmed that CD4- V beta 6 T cells had increased in the regional lymph nodes of the stomach in AIG mice. However, an increase in the number of V beta 11 T cells, which are known to increase in 3d-Tx mice, occurred in the CD8, but not in the CD4 T cell population. Injection of MoAb to L3T4, but not Lyt2, V beta 6- or V beta 8-TCR, into 3d-Tx BALB/c and syngeneic nude mice which had received spleen cells of 3d-Tx BALB/c mice bearing AIG completely abrogated the development of AIG, despite there being remarkable decreases in T cells expressing relevant markers to the injected antibodies in all the mice. These findings suggest that the increase of V beta 6+ L3T4+ T cells in AIG mice was concomitant with the activation of AIG-inducing V beta 6- L3T4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Murakami
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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7
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Mori Y, Hosono M, Murakami K, Katoh H, Yoshikawa Y, Kuribayashi K, Kannagi R, Sakai M, Okuma M, Masuda T. Genetic studies on experimental autoimmune gastritis induced by neonatal thymectomy using recombinant inbred strains between a high-incidence strain, BALB/c, and a low-incidence strain, DBA/2. Clin Exp Immunol 1991; 84:145-52. [PMID: 1901777 PMCID: PMC1535376 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1991.tb08138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymectomy on day 3 after birth induced autoimmune gastritis (AIG) at the age of 2 months in 51-73% of BALB/c mice, and in only 3-5% of DBA/2 mice. AIG was detected by histological and serological (immunofluorescence staining for detecting anti-parietal cell autoantibody) examination. However, autoantibody was weakly positive in almost all of these DBA/2 mice when measured by ELISA using extract of murine gastric mucosa as the antigen. To investigate genetically the mechanism controlling the incidence of AIG, II recombinant inbred strains established by brother-sister mating of (BALB/c x DBA/2) F2 mice (C x D2 strains) were used. Among 26 markers tested, the Mls-1 locus on BALB/c chromosome 1 and the Hc locus coding a complement component (C5) on BALB/c chromosome 2 were found to be associated with high susceptibility to AIG. However, if one or both of the loci were of DBA/2 origin, mice showed medium or low susceptibility to AIG. For further analysis, F1, F2 and back-cross generations of these two strains were tested, but segregation of a single susceptibility or insusceptibility gene was not obtained. Taken together, it seems probable that two or more genes are involved in the induction mechanism of AIG. We did not detect C5 deposition in AIG lesions, nor complement-dependent cytotoxic antibody to parietal cells in serum from AIG mice. However, injection of irradiated spleen cells of DBA/2 mice into BALB/c mice thymectomized on day 3 augmented the incidence of AIG from 71 to 100%, but not that of oophoritis (33%). A relationship between Mls-1a determinants and the pathogenesis of AIG was further suggested from the fact that V beta 6 TcR-expressing T cells increased in number in AIG-bearing compared with normal BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mori
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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8
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Janeway CA. Selective elements for the V beta region of the T cell receptor: Mls and the bacterial toxic mitogens. Adv Immunol 1991; 50:1-53. [PMID: 1835267 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60821-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C A Janeway
- Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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9
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Ramsdell F, Lantz T, Hausman F, Fowlkes BJ. Thymic mechanisms for inducing tolerance to Mls. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1991; 292:139-47. [PMID: 1835260 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5943-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Ramsdell
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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10
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Kelly KA, Scollay R. The effect of peripheral immunization with Mls-1a on the emigration of antigen-specific cells from the thymus. Eur J Immunol 1991; 21:43-7. [PMID: 1825061 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830210108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mature T cells found in the lymph nodes and spleen have the capacity to become activated and to proliferate in response to foreign antigens. The response of the thymus to such immunization is less well understood. We have examined one aspect of the thymic response by determining the effect of peripheral immunization upon cell emigration from the thymus. BALB/c (Mls-1b) mice were injected with spleen cells from DBA/2 (Mls-1a) mice, and V beta 6+ (Mls-1a-reactive) thymic emigrants were identified 3-30 days after immunization. Neither the rate of total cell migration from the thymus nor the proportion of V beta 6+ cells was altered, even though the immunizing spleen cells elicited an immune response in the draining (parathymic) lymph nodes. The same immunogen caused deletion of V beta 6+ cells in both the thymus and lymph nodes after intraperitoneal injection into the neonate. The inability of DBA/2 splenocytes to modify the development of adult thymocytes after intrathymic injection of the cells precluded the lack of entry into the thymus as the reason for the lack of any observed effect in the adult. Our results, therefore, indicate that the development of adult thymocytes is not modified by immunization, and suggest that the differing thymic response of mice injected as adults or neonates is related to changes in the intrathymic antigen presentation capacity associated with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Kelly
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Ramsdell F, Fowlkes BJ. Clonal deletion versus clonal anergy: the role of the thymus in inducing self tolerance. Science 1990; 248:1342-8. [PMID: 1972593 DOI: 10.1126/science.1972593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
During development in the thymus, T cells are rendered tolerant to self antigens. It is now apparent that thymocytes bearing self-reactive T cell receptors can be tolerized by processes that result in physical elimination (clonal deletion) or functional inactivation (clonal anergy). As these mechanisms have important clinical implications for transplantation and autoimmunity, current investigations are focused on understanding the cellular and molecular interactions that generate these forms of tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ramsdell
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reimann
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ulm, FRG
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13
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