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Yu Y. The Function of NK Cells in Tumor Metastasis and NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082323. [PMID: 37190251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic tumors cause the most deaths in cancer patients. Treating metastasis remains the primary goal of current cancer research. Although the immune system prevents and kills the tumor cells, the function of the immune system in metastatic cancer has been unappreciated for decades because tumors are able to develop complex signaling pathways to suppress immune responses, leading them to escape detection and elimination. Studies showed NK cell-based therapies have many advantages and promise for fighting metastatic cancers. We here review the function of the immune system in tumor progression, specifically focusing on the ability of NK cells in antimetastasis, how metastatic tumors escape the NK cell attack, as well as the recent development of effective antimetastatic immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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2
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Nati M, Haddad D, Birkenfeld AL, Koch CA, Chavakis T, Chatzigeorgiou A. The role of immune cells in metabolism-related liver inflammation and development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2016; 17:29-39. [PMID: 26847547 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The low grade inflammatory state present in obesity promotes the progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). In Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), augmented hepatic steatosis is accompanied by aberrant intrahepatic inflammation and exacerbated hepatocellular injury. NASH is an important disorder and can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis and even neoplasia. The pathology of NASH involves a complex network of mechanisms, including increased infiltration of different subsets of immune cells, such as monocytes, T-lymphocytes and neutrophils, to the liver, as well as activation and in situ expansion of liver resident cells such as Kupffer cells or stellate cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances regarding understanding the role of the various cells of the innate and adaptive immunity in NASH development and progression, and discuss possible future therapeutic options and tools to interfere with disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nati
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, MTZ, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Haddad
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, MTZ, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Rayne Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christian A Koch
- Division of Endocrinology, Endocrine Tumor Program, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, MTZ, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, MTZ, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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3
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Ablation of CD8α(+) dendritic cell mediated cross-presentation does not impact atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15414. [PMID: 26486587 PMCID: PMC4614009 DOI: 10.1038/srep15414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical complications of atherosclerosis are almost exclusively linked to destabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque. Batf3-dependent dendritic cells specialize in cross-presentation of necrotic tissue-derived epitopes to directly activate cytolytic CD8 Tcells. The mature plaque (necrotic, containing dendritic cells and CD8 Tcells) could offer the ideal environment for cross-presentation, resulting in cytotoxic immunity and plaque destabilization. Ldlr−/− mice were transplanted with batf3−/− or wt bone marrow and put on a western type diet. Hematopoietic batf3 deficiency sharply decreased CD8α+ DC numbers in spleen and lymph nodes (>80%; P < 0,001). Concordantly, batf3−/− chimeras had a 75% reduction in OT-I cross-priming capacity in vivo. Batf3−/− chimeric mice did not show lower Tcell or other leukocyte subset numbers. Despite dampened cross-presentation capacity, batf3−/− chimeras had equal atherosclerosis burden in aortic arch and root. Likewise, batf3−/− chimeras and wt mice revealed no differences in parameters of plaque stability: plaque Tcell infiltration, cell death, collagen composition, and macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell content were unchanged. These results show that CD8α+ DC loss in hyperlipidemic mice profoundly reduces cross-priming ability, nevertheless it does not influence lesion development. Taken together, we clearly demonstrate that CD8α+ DC-mediated cross-presentation does not significantly contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation and stability.
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4
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Arindkar S, Bhattacharjee J, Kumar JM, Das B, Upadhyay P, Asif S, Juyal RC, Majumdar SS, Perumal N. Antigen peptide transporter 1 is involved in the development of fructose-induced hepatic steatosis in mice. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28:1403-9. [PMID: 23488792 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The purpose of this study is to assess whether the decrease in CD8 cells has any role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we therefore used antigen peptide transporter 1 (TAP1(-/-)) mice that cannot transport major histocompatibility complex class I antigens onto the cell surface resulting in failure of the generation of CD8 cells. METHODS Wild-type C57Bl/6J and TAP1(-/-) mice were fed with 30% fructose solution for 8 weeks. The percentage of CD4, CD8 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and liver were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting in both control and fructose-treated mice. Bodyweight, histopathological changes, oil red O staining, glucose tolerance test, intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test, serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were also evaluated. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the expression of specific genes involved in development of fatty changes in the liver. RESULTS Chronic consumption of fructose in TAP1(-/-) mice did not develop NAFLD, insulin resistance, or change in level of CD8 cells. Moreover, there was delay in relative expression levels of genes involved in development of NAFLD in fructose-treated TAP1(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, the data suggest that TAP1(-/-) -deficient mice displayed reduced levels of CD8 cells that have a vital role in the initiation and propagation of liver inflammation and is a casual role in the beginning of fructose-induced liver damage as well as insulin resistance in mice.
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5
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Kolbus D, Ljungcrantz I, Söderberg I, Alm R, Björkbacka H, Nilsson J, Fredrikson GN. TAP1-deficiency does not alter atherosclerosis development in Apoe-/- mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33932. [PMID: 22479479 PMCID: PMC3316507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen presenting cells (APC) have the ability to present both extra-cellular and intra-cellular antigens via MHC class I molecules to CD8(+) T cells. The cross presentation of extra-cellular antigens is reduced in mice with deficient Antigen Peptide Transporter 1 (TAP1)-dependent MHC class I antigen presentation, and these mice are characterized by a diminished CD8(+) T cell population. We have recently reported an increased activation of CD8(+) T cells in hypercholesterolemic Apoe(-/-) mice. Therefore, this study included TAP1-deficient Apoe(-/-) mice (Apoe(-/-)Tap1(-/-)) to test the atherogenicity of CD8(+) T cells and TAP1-dependent cross presentation in a hypercholesterolemic environment. As expected the CD8(+) T cell numbers were low in Apoe(-/-)Tap1(-/-) mice in comparison to Apoe(-/-) mice, constituting ~1% of the lymphocyte population. In spite of this there were no differences in the extent of atherosclerosis as assessed by en face Oil Red O staining of the aorta and cross-sections of the aortic root between Apoe(-/-)Tap1(-/-) and Apoe(-/-) mice. Moreover, no differences were detected in lesion infiltration of macrophages or CD3(+) T cells in Apoe(-/-)Tap1(-/-) compared to Apoe(-/-) mice. The CD3(+)CD4(+) T cell fraction was increased in Apoe(-/-)Tap1(-/-) mice, suggesting a compensation for the decreased CD8(+) T cell population. Interestingly, the fraction of CD8(+) effector memory T cells was increased but this appeared to have little impact on the atherosclerosis development.In conclusion, Apoe(-/-)Tap1(-/-) mice develop atherosclerosis equal to Apoe(-/-) mice, indicating a minor role for CD8(+) T cells and TAP1-dependent antigen presentation in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kolbus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skane University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Irena Ljungcrantz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skane University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Söderberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skane University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ragnar Alm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skane University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Harry Björkbacka
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skane University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skane University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Nordin Fredrikson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skane University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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6
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Takada K, Jameson SC. Self-class I MHC molecules support survival of naive CD8 T cells, but depress their functional sensitivity through regulation of CD8 expression levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:2253-69. [PMID: 19752186 PMCID: PMC2757867 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20082553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that naive CD8 T cells require self-peptide–major histocompatability complex (MHC) complexes for maintenance. However, interpretation of such studies is complicated because of the involvement of lymphopenic animals, as lymphopenia drastically alters naive T cell homeostasis and function. In this study, we explored naive CD8 T cell survival and function in nonlymphopenic conditions by using bone marrow chimeric donors and hosts in which class I MHC expression is absent or limited to radiosensitive versus radioresistant cells. We found that long-term survival of naive CD8 T cells (but not CD4 T cells) was impaired in the absence of class I MHC. However, distinct from this effect, class I MHC deprivation also enhanced naive CD8 T cell responsiveness to low-affinity (but not high-affinity) peptide–MHC ligands. We found that this improved sensitivity was a consequence of up-regulated CD8 levels, which was mediated through a transcriptional mechanism. Hence, our data suggest that, in a nonlymphopenic setting, self-class I MHC molecules support CD8 T cell survival, but that these interactions also attenuate naive T cell sensitivity by dynamic tuning of CD8 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Takada
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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7
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Braaten DC, McClellan JS, Messaoudi I, Tibbetts SA, McClellan KB, Nikolich-Zugich J, Virgin HW. Effective control of chronic gamma-herpesvirus infection by unconventional MHC Class Ia-independent CD8 T cells. PLoS Pathog 2006; 2:e37. [PMID: 16733540 PMCID: PMC1464388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of virus infection is mediated in part by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class Ia presentation of viral peptides to conventional CD8 T cells. Although important, the absolute requirement for MHC Class Ia–dependent CD8 T cells for control of chronic virus infection has not been formally demonstrated. We show here that mice lacking MHC Class Ia molecules (Kb−/−xDb−/− mice) effectively control chronic γ-herpesvirus 68 (γHV68) infection via a robust expansion of β2-microglobulin (β2-m)-dependent, but CD1d-independent, unconventional CD8 T cells. These unconventional CD8 T cells expressed: (1) CD8αβ and CD3, (2) cell surface molecules associated with conventional effector/memory CD8 T cells, (3) TCRαβ with a significant Vβ4, Vβ3, and Vβ10 bias, and (4) the key effector cytokine interferon-γ (IFNγ). Unconventional CD8 T cells utilized a diverse TCR repertoire, and CDR3 analysis suggests that some of that repertoire may be utilized even in the presence of conventional CD8 T cells. This is the first demonstration to our knowledge that β2-m–dependent, but Class Ia–independent, unconventional CD8 T cells can efficiently control chronic virus infection, implicating a role for β2-n–dependent non-classical MHC molecules in control of chronic viral infection. We speculate that similar unconventional CD8 T cells may be able to control of other chronic viral infections, especially when viruses evade immunity by inhibiting generation of Class Ia–restricted T cells. In this paper the authors identify a β2-microglobulin–dependent but major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class Ia– and CD1-independent class of CD8 T cells that effectively control chronic γ-herpesvirus infection in mice. The important point that should be of general interest to the readers of PLoS Pathogens is that an effective CD8 T cell response develops during chronic infection of mice lacking MHC Class Ia molecules. Enormous efforts have gone into characterizing the role of conventional CD8 T cells that recognize viral peptides together with MHC Class Ia molecules during chronic viral infection, and many vaccine approaches focus solely on this response. This paper shows that additional types of CD8 T cells can operate during chronic infection, and that indeed, conventional MHC Class Ia–restricted T cells may be dispensable for control of chronic herpesvirus infection. The authors believe this is a fundamentally important point because it raises the question of whether unconventional CD8 T cells are important for control of other chronic viral infections such as infection with HIV, Hepatitis C virus, Hepatitis B virus, or human herpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Braaten
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - James Scott McClellan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Scott A Tibbetts
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kelly B McClellan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Janko Nikolich-Zugich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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8
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Tsukada C, Miyaji C, Kawamura H, Miyakawa R, Yokoyama H, Ishimoto Y, Miyazawa S, Watanabe H, Abo T. Characterization of extrathymic CD8 alpha beta T cells in the liver and intestine in TAP-1 deficient mice. Immunology 2003; 109:343-50. [PMID: 12807479 PMCID: PMC1782982 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TAP-1 deficient (-/-) mice cannot transport MHC class I antigens onto the cell surface, which results in failure of the generation of CD8+ T cells in the thymus. In a series of recent studies, it has been proposed that extrathymic T cells are generated in the liver and at other extrathymic sites (e.g. the intestine). It was therefore investigated whether CD8+ extrathymic T cells require an interaction with MHC class I antigens for their differentiation in TAP-1(-/-) mice. Although CD8+ thymically derived T cells were confirmed to be absent in the spleen as well as in the thymus, CD8 alpha beta+ T cells were abundant in the livers and intestines of TAP-1(-/-) mice. These CD8+ T cells expanded in the liver as a function of age and were mainly confined to a NK1.1-CD3int population which is known to be truly of extrathymic origin. Hepatic lymphocytes, which contained CD8+ T cells and which were isolated from TAP-1(-/-) mice (H-2b), responded to neither mutated MHC class I antigens (bm1) nor allogeneic MHC class I antigens (H-2d) in in vitro mixed lymphocyte cultures. However, the results from repeated in vivo stimulations with alloantigens (H-2d) were interesting. Allogeneic cytotoxicity was induced in liver lymphocytes in TAP-1(-/-) mice, although the magnitude of cytotoxicity was lower than that of liver lymphocytes in immunized B6 mice. All allogeneic cytotoxicity disappeared with the elimination of CD8+ cells in TAP-1(-/-) mice. These results suggest that the generation and function of CD8+ extrathymic T cells are independent of the existence of the MHC class I antigens of the mouse but have a limited allorecognition ability.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/immunology
- Aging/immunology
- Animals
- CD3 Complex/analysis
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Division/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Isoantigens/immunology
- Liver/immunology
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Tsukada
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
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9
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Germain RN, Stefanova I, Dorfman J. Self-recognition and the regulation of CD4+ T cell survival. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003; 512:97-105. [PMID: 12405192 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0757-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells differentiate in the thymus from committed precursors to mature naive cells ready for peripheral circulation. Successful maturation depends on adequate but not excessive signaling upon T cell receptor (TCR) engagement of self-peptide/MHC class II molecule ligands present in the thymic environment. Persistent TCR signaling throughout development from the CD4+CD8+ to the CD4+ state is required for completion of the developmental process. Recent work has suggested that a continuation of this signaling is essential for sustained survival of CD4+ T cells once they leave the thymus but our studies suggest otherwise. Although we found clear evidence for active TCR signaling involving recognition of self-ligands in peripheral lymphoid tissues, we did not see a substantial effect of loss of such signaling on the life-time of naive CD4+ T cells. Based on a careful review of the literature, we conclude that essentially all previous claims that MHC class II recognition plays a significant role in the survival of CD4+ T cells can be reinterpreted as an effect of self-recognition on proliferation in lymphopenic environments, maintaining population numbers without a marked effect on individual cell viability. We propose a possible explanation for why, in contrast, the viability of naive CD8+ T cells appears to show such self-MHC dependence and suggest that a primary function of self-recognition by T cells may be to enhance responses to foreign antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald N Germain
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA
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10
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Dorfman JR, Germain RN. MHC-dependent survival of naïve T cells? A complicated answer to a simple question. Microbes Infect 2002; 4:547-54. [PMID: 11959510 DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(02)01571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation and survival of developing alpha beta thymocytes depends on effective T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling upon recognition of self peptide/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule ligands. Although this concept is uniformly accepted with regard to immature thymocytes, there are conflicting reports as to whether or not MHC recognition is required for survival of mature peripheral naïve T cells. In this review, we assess these reports critically and conclude that in many cases, the differences observed in CD4(+) T-cell recovery between MHC-expressing and MHC-deficient animals can be attributed to proliferation occurring only in the MHC-expressing lymphopenic animals studied in these models systems, rather than to effects of MHC recognition on cell viability per se. Still other reports involve experimental manipulations that may have affected the intrathymic development of the T cells such that they receive a "poor" selecting signal, fail to fully mature, and thus behave more like thymocytes in their survival characteristics (i.e., show MHC dependence). With respect to CD8(+) T cells, we discuss data suggesting that some clones are more dependent upon the presence of MHC class I for survival than others. We propose that some CD8(+) T cells even in a wild-type host may behave like the manipulated CD4(+) T cells just described, and fail to mature completely with respect to their survival requirements. Although the proportion of CD8(+) cells in this MHC-dependent state is not known, the corresponding fraction among CD4(+) T cells seems to be rather small. Overall, our analysis of the available data suggests that most or all mature CD4(+) (and perhaps also many CD8(+)) T lymphocytes do not depend on self-recognition for their viability in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Dorfman
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bldg. 10 Rm. 11N311, 10 Center Dr. MSC-1892, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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11
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Colbert RA, Prahalad S. Predisposing factors in the spondyloarthropathies: new insights into the role of HLA-B27. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2001; 3:404-11. [PMID: 11564372 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-996-0011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Spondyloarthropathies represent complex genetic diseases whose development is influenced by environmental factors. Estimates suggest that three to nine loci may be responsible for the majority of the genetic susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis. The only susceptibility locus identified to date in multiple populations is HLA-B, where several HLA-B27 alleles (subtypes) are strongly associated with disease. Recent evidence implicates cytochrome P450 2D6 as a second locus, although its influence on overall risk appears small. Despite considerable efforts to define how HLA-B27 contributes to disease, its role remains enigmatic. Increasing evidence suggests it has effects that are unrelated to its physiologic function. The basis for this is unknown but may be a consequence of the unusual tendency of this allele to misfold.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Colbert
- William S. Rowe Division of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
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12
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Norbury CC, Princiotta MF, Bacik I, Brutkiewicz RR, Wood P, Elliott T, Bennink JR, Yewdell JW. Multiple antigen-specific processing pathways for activating naive CD8+ T cells in vivo. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:4355-62. [PMID: 11254689 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.7.4355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current knowledge of the processing of viral Ags into MHC class I-associated ligands is based almost completely on in vitro studies using nonprofessional APCs (pAPCs). This is two steps removed from real immune responses to pathogens and vaccines, in which pAPCs activate naive CD8(+) T cells in vivo. Rational vaccine design requires answers to numerous questions surrounding the function of pAPCs in vivo, including their abilities to process and present peptides derived from endogenous and exogenous viral Ags. In the present study, we characterize the in vivo dependence of Ag presentation on the expression of TAP by testing the immunogenicity of model Ags synthesized by recombinant vaccinia viruses in TAP1(-/-) mice. We show that the efficiency of TAP-independent presentation in vitro correlates with TAP-independent activation of naive T cells in vivo and provide the first in vivo evidence for proteolytic processing of antigenic peptides in the secretory pathway. There was, however, a clear exception to this correlation; although the presentation of the minimal SIINFEKL determinant from chicken egg OVA in vitro was strictly TAP dependent, it was presented in a TAP-independent manner in vivo. In vivo presentation of the same peptide from a fusion protein retained its TAP dependence. These results show that determinant-specific processing pathways exist in vivo for the generation of antiviral T cell responses. We present additional findings that point to cross-priming as the likely mechanism for these protein-specific differences.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/administration & dosage
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/biosynthesis
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/physiology
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation
- Antigens, Viral/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Egg Proteins/administration & dosage
- Egg Proteins/genetics
- Egg Proteins/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Injections, Intravenous
- Interphase/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocyte Transfusion
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Ovalbumin/administration & dosage
- Ovalbumin/genetics
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Recombination, Genetic/immunology
- Vaccinia virus/genetics
- Vaccinia virus/immunology
- Viral Core Proteins/administration & dosage
- Viral Core Proteins/genetics
- Viral Core Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Norbury
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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13
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Limmer A, Ohl J, Kurts C, Ljunggren HG, Reiss Y, Groettrup M, Momburg F, Arnold B, Knolle PA. Efficient presentation of exogenous antigen by liver endothelial cells to CD8+ T cells results in antigen-specific T-cell tolerance. Nat Med 2000; 6:1348-54. [PMID: 11100119 DOI: 10.1038/82161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 534] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid antigen-presenting cells (APC) are known to cross-present exogenous antigen on major histocompatibility class I molecules to CD8+ T cells and thereby induce protective immunity against infecting microorganisms. Here we report that liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) are organ-resident, non-myeloid APC capable of cross-presenting soluble exogenous antigen to CD8+ T cells. Though LSEC employ similar molecular mechanisms for cross-presentation as dendritic cells, the outcome of cross-presentation by LSEC is CD8+ T cell tolerance rather than immunity. As uptake of circulating antigens into LSEC occurs efficiently in vivo, it is likely that cross-presentation by LSEC contributes to CD8+ T cell tolerance observed in situations where soluble antigen is present in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Limmer
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie Heidelberg (ZMBH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Kingsbury DJ, Mear JP, Witte DP, Taurog JD, Roopenian DC, Colbert RA. Development of spontaneous arthritis in beta2-microglobulin-deficient mice without expression of HLA-B27: association with deficiency of endogenous major histocompatibility complex class I expression. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2000; 43:2290-6. [PMID: 11037889 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200010)43:10<2290::aid-anr17>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mice deficient in beta2-microglobulin (beta2m), but expressing the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule HLA-B27, have been reported to develop spontaneous inflammatory arthritis (SA). We sought to determine whether, under certain conditions, beta2m deficiency alone was sufficient to cause SA, and if this might be a result of class I deficiency. METHODS The following types of mice were produced: mice of the MHC b haplotype genetically deficient in beta2m (beta2m(0)) on several genetic backgrounds (C57BL/6J [B6], BALB/cJ, SJL/J, MRL/MpJ, and B6,129), mice deficient in the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1(0)) on a B6,129 background, and HLA-B27-transgenic beta2m(0) mice on a B6 background. Cohorts were transferred from specific pathogen-free (SPF) to conventional (non-SPF) animal rooms, and evaluated clinically and histologically for the development of SA. RESULTS SA occurred in TAP1(0) and beta2m(0)/class I-deficient mice with a mixed B6,129 genome at a frequency of 30-50%, while 10-15% of B6, SJL/J, and BALB/cJ beta2m(0) mice developed this arthropathy. MRL/ MpJ beta2m(0) mice were unaffected. Expression of B27 did not increase the frequency of SA in B27-transgenic B2m(0) B6 mice compared with that in beta2m(0) B6 controls. CONCLUSION Class I deficiency is sufficient to cause SA in mice. The frequency of disease, as well as B27-specific SA, is markedly dependent on a non-MHC genetic background. These results suggest that class I deficiency in a genetically susceptible mouse can mimic B27-associated arthropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Kingsbury
- Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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15
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Dorfman JR, Stefanová I, Yasutomo K, Germain RN. CD4+ T cell survival is not directly linked to self-MHC-induced TCR signaling. Nat Immunol 2000; 1:329-35. [PMID: 11017105 DOI: 10.1038/79783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) signaling triggered by recognition of self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ligands has been proposed to maintain the viability of naïve T cells and to provoke their proliferation in T cell-deficient hosts. Consistent with this, the partially phosphorylated state of TCR zeta chains in naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in vivo was found to be actively maintained by TCR interactions with specific peptide-containing MHC molecules. TCR ligand-dependent phosphorylation of TCR zeta was lost within one day of cell transfer into MHC-deficient hosts, yet the survival of transferred CD4+ lymphocytes was the same in recipients with or without MHC class II expression for one month. Thus, despite clear evidence for TCR signaling in nonactivated naïve T cells, these data argue against the concept that such signaling plays a predominant role in determining lymphocyte lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Dorfman
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, Building 10 Room 11N311, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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16
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Freland S, Ljunggren HG. Beta 2-microglobulin/CD8 -/- mice reveal significant role for CD8+ T cells in graft rejection responses in beta 2-microglobulin -/- mice. Scand J Immunol 2000; 51:219-23. [PMID: 10736089 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2000.00712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) -/- mice have often been used as a model to investigate host resistance to grafted tissues in the absence of CD8+ T cells. However, the realization that beta 2m -/- mice have a small pool of CD8+ T cells imply that these cells may take part in immune responses in vivo. To directly address the role of CD8+ T cell responses in beta 2m -/- mice, we introduced a CD8 null mutation into these mice. The beta 2m/CD8 -/- mice and the corresponding control mice were primed, and challenged with syngeneic tumour grafts. While beta 2m -/- mice readily cleared such tumour grafts, similar tumour grafts grew progressively in a dose dependent manner in the beta 2m/CD8 -/- mice. The present results imply that residual CD8+ T cells in beta 2m -/- mice may carry out significant biological functions, and suggest that studies using beta 2m -/- mice as a model for CD8+ T cell deficiency must be regarded with some caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Freland
- Microbiology and Tumour Biology Center, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Witherden D, van Oers N, Waltzinger C, Weiss A, Benoist C, Mathis D. Tetracycline-controllable selection of CD4(+) T cells: half-life and survival signals in the absence of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. J Exp Med 2000; 191:355-64. [PMID: 10637279 DOI: 10.1084/jem.191.2.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A system that allows the study, in a gentle fashion, of the role of MHC molecules in naive T cell survival is described. Major histocompatibility complex class II-deficient mice were engineered to express Ealpha chains only in thymic epithelial cells in a tetracycline (tet)-controllable manner. This resulted in tet-responsive display of cell surface E complexes, positive selection of CD4(+)8(-) thymocytes, and generation of a CD4(+) T cell compartment in a class II-barren periphery. Using this system, we have addressed two unresolved issues: the half-life of naive CD4(+) T cells in the absence of class II molecules (3-4 wk) and the early signaling events associated with class II molecule engagement by naive CD4(+) T cells (partial CD3 zeta chain phosphorylation and ZAP-70 association).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Witherden
- Institut de G¿en¿etique et de Biologie Mol¿eculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS/INSERM/ULP), 67404 Illkirch cedex, Strasbourg, France
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18
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Smyth MJ, Snook MB. Perforin-dependent cytolytic responses in beta2-microglobulin-deficient mice. Cell Immunol 1999; 196:51-9. [PMID: 10486155 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1999.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of beta2-microglobulin-deficient mice (B6.beta2micro(o)) mice to reject syngeneic and major histocompatability (MHC) class I-deficient tumor grafts was examined with a view to determining residual cytotoxic activities that exist in these mice. In particular, the cytotoxic activities of NK cells and CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) reactive against self-MHC class I were assessed using a variety of gene-targeted mice. The creation of mice doubly deficient for perforin and beta2micro (B6.P(o).beta2micro(o)) enabled the determination that perforin was responsible for the cytotoxic activity of NK cells and CD8(+) CTL reactive against self-MHC class I. Dependence on perforin function was demonstrated for the cytotoxicity of these effectors in vitro and for the ability of these effectors to reject a variety of tumors in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 3
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/immunology
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antigens/immunology
- Antigens, Surface
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Major Histocompatibility Complex
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- Neoplasm Transplantation/immunology
- Perforin
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
- Proteins/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- beta 2-Microglobulin/genetics
- beta 2-Microglobulin/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Smyth
- Cellular Cytotoxicity Laboratory, The Austin Research Institute, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia.
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19
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Sandberg JK, Kärre K, Glas R. Recognition of the major histocompatibility complex restriction element modulates CD8(+) T cell specificity and compensates for loss of T cell receptor contacts with the specific peptide. J Exp Med 1999; 189:883-94. [PMID: 10075972 PMCID: PMC2193044 DOI: 10.1084/jem.189.6.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Triggering of a T cell requires interaction between its specific receptor (TCR) and a peptide antigen presented by a self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule. TCR recognition of self-MHC by itself falls below the threshold of detection in most systems due to low affinity. To study this interaction, we have used a read-out system in which antigen-specific effector T cells are confronted with targets expressing high levels of MHC compared with the selecting and priming environment. More specifically, the system is based on CD8(+) T cells selected in an environment with subnormal levels of MHC class I in the absence of beta2-microglobulin. We observe that the MHC restriction element can trigger viral peptide-specific T cells independently of the peptide ligand, provided there is an increase in self-MHC density. Peptide-independent triggering required at least four times the natural in vivo level of MHC expression. Furthermore, recognition of the restriction element at expression levels below this threshold was still enough to compensate for lack of affinity to peptides carrying alanine substitutions in major TCR contact residues. Thus, the specificity in TCR recognition and T cell activation is fine tuned by the avidity for self-MHC, and TCR avidities for peptide and MHC may substitute for each other. These results demonstrate a functional role for TCR avidity for self-MHC in tuning of T cell specificity, and support a role for cross-reactivity on "self" during T cell selection and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Sandberg
- Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Andersson M, Freland S, Johansson MH, Wallin R, Sandberg JK, Chambers BJ, Christensson B, Lendahl U, Lemieux S, Salcedo M, Ljunggren HG. MHC Class I Mosaic Mice Reveal Insights into Control of Ly49C Inhibitory Receptor Expression in NK Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.12.6475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have analyzed lymphocyte development in natural MHC class I chimeric mice, generated through a transgenic approach in β2-microglobulin (β2m)−/− mice. In these mice, MHC class I+ cells coexist with an equal proportion of MHC class I-deficient cells. These MHC class I mosaic mice had normal numbers of CD8+ T cells, which had a target cell specificity similar to that of wild-type mice. Consequently, the mice did not develop any signs of autoimmunity. They also had normal numbers of NK cells. This allowed an examination of the MHC class I influence on the expression of the Ly49C inhibitory receptor on NK cells. This receptor binds to H-2Kb. It is expressed at low levels on NK cells in wild-type mice of the H-2b haplotype, but at markedly higher levels on NK cells in β2m−/− mice and other strains of mice lacking expression of H-2Kb. Relatively little is known about how MHC class I molecules affect expression of the Ly49 receptors. Through the analysis of the present MHC class I mosaic mice, we demonstrate that the expression levels of Ly49C on NK cells is a consequence not only of MHC class I expression in the environment, but also of the expression of MHC class I molecules by the NK cells themselves. These findings are discussed in relation to the biological role of the calibration of the Ly49 inhibitory receptor expression in relation to self-MHC class I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Andersson
- *Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Freland
- *Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria H. Johansson
- *Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Wallin
- *Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan K. Sandberg
- *Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Birger Christensson
- †Department of Immunology, Microbiology, Pathology, and Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Urban Lendahl
- ‡Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Suzanne Lemieux
- §Centre de Recherche en Immunologie, Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Margarita Salcedo
- *Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Freland S, Chambers BJ, Andersson M, Van Kaer L, Ljunggren HG. Rejection of Allogeneic and Syngeneic But Not MHC Class I-Deficient Tumor Grafts by MHC Class I-Deficient Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.2.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The ability of TAP1−/−, β2m−/−, and TAP1/β2m−/− mice to mount rejection responses against allogeneic, syngeneic, and MHC class I-deficient tumor grafts was examined. The results demonstrate a potent ability of TAP1−/− and β2m−/− as well as TAP1/β2m−/− mice to reject allogeneic tumors. In contrast to published data, rejection of syngeneic MHC class I-expressing tumors was also observed. This response was specific for the MHC class I-deficient mice, since wild-type mice did not reject syngeneic MHC class I-positive tumors under identical experimental conditions. The rejection response of syngeneic tumors required preimmunization of the mice and was MHC class I specific at the level of priming as well as at the level of the tumor target. Finally, MHC class I-deficient tumor grafts were accepted in MHC class I-deficient mice while similar grafts were rejected in wild-type mice. In summary, while MHC class I-deficient mice have retained a capacity to reject allogeneic tumors, they have gained an ability to reject syngeneic MHC class I-positive tumors and lost the ability to reject MHC class I-negative tumors. The present results are discussed in relation to the role of MHC class I molecules in selecting functional CD8+ T and NK cell repertoires, and the development of cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Freland
- *Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Benedict J. Chambers
- *Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Malena Andersson
- *Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- †Howard Hughes Medical Research Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- *Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
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22
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Chen SY, Takeoka Y, Pike-Nobile L, Ansari AA, Boyd R, Gershwin ME. Autoantibody production and cytokine profiles of MHC class I (beta2-microglobulin) gene deleted New Zealand black (NZB) mice. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1997; 84:318-27. [PMID: 9281391 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1997.4398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We established a colony of MHC class I deleted (knockout) NZB mice, which lack the beta2 microglobulin gene (NZB.beta2m-/-), to characterize the contribution of MHC class I to the thymic microenvironment abnormalities, autoantibody production and lupus-like disease of NZB mice. Using an extensive panel of well characterized monoclonal antibodies defining thymic epithelial and other stromal elements, we demonstrated that deletion of MHC class I molecules does not change the thymic abnormalities, including the presence of a cortical epithelial cell free region, ectopic expression of medullary epithelial antigens, and the irregular shape of the medullary epithelial network of NZB mice. Moreover, the decreased staining of MTS 33(+) cells, a marker of premature thymocyte maturation, was also seen in NZB.beta2m-/-. However, although NZB.beta2m-/- mice had approximately the same levels of IgM and IgG anti-ss and dsDNA antibodies when compared to control NZB mice, there were significant alterations in the incidence and onset of anti-erythrocyte antibody levels. NZB.beta2m-/- had a lower incidence and a delayed onset of anti-erythrocyte autoantibody production compared to that seen in NZB mice. We also compared constitutive and PHA-P-driven levels of IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-12 in cells from NZB, NZB.beta-/-2, and control C57BL/6 mice. Mitogen stimulated cells showed a decreased IFN-gamma, and a marked increase in IL-6 and IL-12 in NZB and NZB.beta2m-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Chen
- School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
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23
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Thoma-Uszynski S, Emoto M, Kaufmann SH. CD8alphaalpha T cells in lesions of Listeria monocytogenes-infected beta2m-deficient mice. Microb Pathog 1997; 23:101-6. [PMID: 9245621 DOI: 10.1006/mpat.1997.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The beta2-microglobulin (beta2m)-deficient mutant mice lack alphabeta TCR CD8alphabeta T cells. We found markedly impaired granuloma formation in Listeria monocytogenes-infected beta2m-/- mice. Abundant CD8alphaalpha T cells were identified in loosely structured infiltrative liver lesions. Microfluorescence analysis disclosed that these CD8alphaalpha T cells expressed mostly the gammadelta TCR. CD8alphaalpha T cells were also found in the spleen of Listeria-infected beta2m-/- mice. These data provide first evidence for CD8alphaalpha T cells in listerial lesions of beta2m-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thoma-Uszynski
- Department of Immunology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, D-89070, Germany
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24
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Yap G, Cheever A, Caspar P, Jankovic D, Sher A. Unimpaired down-modulation of the hepatic granulomatous response in CD8 T-cell- and gamma interferon-deficient mice chronically infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Infect Immun 1997; 65:2583-6. [PMID: 9199423 PMCID: PMC175365 DOI: 10.1128/iai.65.7.2583-2586.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The granulomatous response to schistosome eggs is a CD4 T-cell-dependent, Th2-cytokine-dominated immunopathologic response. As infection proceeds to chronicity, both granuloma formation and egg-induced cytokine production become downregulated, and previous experiments have implicated CD8 T cells in this process. One mechanism by which CD8 T cells could suppress immunopathology is through the production of the counterregulatory cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), but no in vivo evidence exists to directly support this hypothesis. In this study, we analyzed hepatic granuloma formation and egg-induced cytokine production in Schistosoma mansoni-infected gene knockout mice deficient in either CD8 lymphocytes or IFN-gamma. Surprisingly, we found that neither immunologic component plays an essential function in the control of granuloma and cytokine responses during either the acute or chronic stage of infection. Thus, other mechanisms may be more important in the regulation of immunopathology in schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yap
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20982, USA
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25
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Kay TW, Chaplin HL, Parker JL, Stephens LA, Thomas HE. CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes: clarification of their pathogenic roles in diabetes in the NOD mouse. RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 1997; 148:320-7. [PMID: 9352596 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2494(97)87241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T W Kay
- Burnet Clinical Research Unit, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Höglund P, Sundbäck J, Olsson-Alheim MY, Johansson M, Salcedo M, Ohlén C, Ljunggren HG, Sentman CL, Kärre K. Host MHC class I gene control of NK-cell specificity in the mouse. Immunol Rev 1997; 155:11-28. [PMID: 9059879 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1997.tb00936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The missing self model predicts that NK cells adapt somatically to the type as well as levels of MHC class I products expressed by their host. Transgenic and gene knock-out mice have provided conclusive evidence that MHC class I genes control specificity and tolerance of NK cells. The article describes this control and discusses the possible mechanisms behind it, starting from a genetic model to study how natural resistance to tumors is influenced by MHC class I expression in the host as well as in the target cells. Data on host gene regulation of NK-cell functional specificity as well as Ly49 receptor expression are reviewed, leading up to the central question: how does the system develop and maintain "useful" NK cells, while avoiding "harmful" and "useless" ones? The available data can be fitted within each of two mutually none-exclusive models: cellular adaptation and clonal selection. Recent studies supporting cellular adaptation bring the focus on different possibilities within this general mechanism, such as anergy, receptor calibration and, most importantly, whether the specificity of each NK cell is permanently fixed or subject to continuous regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Höglund
- Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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