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Wang J, Ling C, Xue X, Ji H, Rong C, Xue Q, Zhou P, Wang C, Lu H, Liu W. Self-Powered and Broadband Photodetectors Based on High-performance Mixed Dimensional Sb 2O 3/PdTe 2/Si Heterojunction for Multiplex Environmental Monitoring. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310107. [PMID: 38111369 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Solar-blind ultraviolet (SBUV) to near-infrared (NIR) broadband photodetectors (BB-PD) have important applications in environmental monitoring and other applications. However, it is challenging to prepare SBUV-IR photosensitive materials via simple steps and to construct SBUV-IR broadband devices for multiplex detection with high sensitivity at different wavelengths. Here, self-powered and broadband photodetectors using a high-performance mixed dimensional Sb2O3 nanorod 1-dimension (1D)/monodisperse microdiamond-like PdTe2 3-dimension (3D)/Si (3D) heterojunction for multiplex detection of environmental pollutants with high sensitivity at broadband wavelength are developed. The 1D/3D mixed dimensional Sb2O3/PdTe2/Si structure combines the advantages of strong light absorption, high carrier transport efficiency of 1D Sb2O3 nanorods, and expansion of interface barrier caused by 3D microdiamond-like PdTe2 interlayer to improve the photocurrent density and self-powered ability. The efficient photogenerated charge separation enables anon/off ratio of more than 5 × 106. The device exhibits excellent photoelectric properties from 255 to 980 nm with the responsivity from 4.56 × 10-2 to 6.55 × 10-1 AW-1, the detectivity from 2.36 × 1012 to 3.39 × 1013 Jones, and the sensitivity from 3.90 × 107 to 1.10 × 1010 cm2 W-1 without external bias. Finally, the proposed device is applied for the multiplex monitoring of environmental pollution gases NO2 with the detection limit of 200 ppb and PM2.5 particles at mild pollution at broadband wavelength. The proposed BB-PD has great potential for multiplex detection of environmental pollutants and other analytes at broadband wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Cuicui Ling
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
- National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Hongguang Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Chen Rong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhong Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Peiheng Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Chuanke Wang
- Laser fusion research center, Chinese Academy of engineering physics, Mianyang, 621900, P. R. China
| | - Haipeng Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Wenpeng Liu
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Li A, Chen C, Chen J, Lei P. Environmental investigation of pollutants in coal mine operation and waste dump area monitored in Ordos Region, China. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10340-10352. [PMID: 35423509 PMCID: PMC8695702 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10586d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasingly severe emissions of greenhouse and poisonous gases from environmentally unsafe stockpiled coal mine waste dumps have urged people from the academia as well as the industry to focus on environmental impact assessment. In this study, one-year air pollutant monitoring was conducted at the Qipanjing coalfield in Inner Mongolia of China for determining the distribution pattern statue of pollutant exposure and its main driving factors. We used FTIR spectroscopy to measure the inorganic compounds in particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of leading pollutants, including PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3 and CO were analyzed. Firstly, the research showed that the temporal and spatial distribution of pollutants in the coal mine waste area is non-homogeneous. Secondly, some meteorological parameters, such as wind speed, relative humidity, temperature, and rainfall, were found to have significant effects on air pollutant distribution. Stable atmospheric conditions were unfavorable for the diffusion of pollutants and prolong the pollution process. Finally, in the vicinity of coalfields, SO2 and NO2 are present in high concentrations in air. Primary reasons for such high values are coal mining-related activities and active mine fires. This study will help to offer valuable and detailed information for understanding and interpreting the pollution source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Safety Technology, Central South University Changsha 410075 China
- College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot 010019 China
| | - Changkun Chen
- Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Safety Technology, Central South University Changsha 410075 China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Safety Technology, Central South University Changsha 410075 China
| | - Peng Lei
- Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Safety Technology, Central South University Changsha 410075 China
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Yu X, Song W, Yu Q, Li S, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Deng W, Yang W, Huang Z, Bi X, Wang X. Fast screening compositions of PM 2.5 by ATR-FTIR: Comparison with results from IC andOC/EC analyzers. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 71:76-88. [PMID: 30195692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical speciation of fine particles or PM2.5 collected on filters is still a costly and time-consuming task. In this study, filter-based PM2.5 samples were collected during November-December 2013 at four sites in Guangzhou, and the major components were fast screened (~7min per filter sample) by Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR)-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) in comparison with that measured by Organic carbon/Element carbon (OC/EC) analyzer and Ion Chromatography (IC). The concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, sulfate, primary organic carbon (POC) and secondary organic carbon (SOC) measured by OC/EC and IC analyzers were better correlated with their infrared absorption peak heights at 1320cm-1 for nitrate, 1435, 3045 and 3215cm-1 for ammonium, 615cm-1 for sulfate, 690, 760 and 890cm-1 for POC and 1640 and 1660cm-1 for SOC respectively, during polluted days (PM2.5>75μg/m3) than during clean days (PM2.5≤75μg/m3). With the evolution of a haze episode during our field campaign, the concentrations of the major PM2.5 components displayed consistent variations with their infrared absorption peak heights, suggesting ATR-FTIR could be a fast and useful technique to characterize filter-based PM2.5 compositions particularly during pollution events although cautions should be taken when PM2.5 levels are low. Notably, elevated PM2.5 mass concentrations occurred with enhanced ratios of [NO3-]/[SO42-] and [NH4+]/[SO42-], implying that nitrogenous components play vital roles in the PM2.5 pollution events in the study region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qingqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhonghui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinhui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Schneider IL, Teixeira EC, Agudelo-Castañeda DM, Silva E Silva G, Balzaretti N, Braga MF, Oliveira LFS. FTIR analysis and evaluation of carcinogenic and mutagenic risks of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM1.0. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:1151-1160. [PMID: 26473715 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) represent a group of organic compounds of significant interest due to their presence in airborne particulates of urban centers, wide distribution in the environment, and mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. These compounds, associated with atmospheric particles of size < 1 μm, have been reported as a major risk to human health. This study aims at identifying the spectral features of NPAHs (1-nitropyrene, 2-nitrofluorene, and 6-nitrochrysene) in emissivity and transmittance spectra of samples of particulate matter < 1 μm (PM1.0) using infrared spectrometry. Carcinogenic and mutagenic risks of the studied NPAHs associated with PM1.0 samples were also determined for two sampling sites: Canoas and Sapucaia do Sul. The results showed that NPAH standard spectra can effectively identify NPAHs in PM1.0 samples. The transmittance and emissivity sample spectra showed broader bands and lower relative intensity than the standard NPAH spectra. The carcinogenic risk and the total mutagenic risk were calculated using the toxic equivalent factors and mutagenic potency factors, respectively. Canoas showed the highest total carcinogenic risk, while Sapucaia do Sul had the highest mutagenic risk. The seasonal analysis suggested that in the study area the ambient air is more toxic during the cold periods. These findings might of significant importance for the decision and policy making authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Luís Schneider
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Sensoriamento Remoto, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elba Calesso Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Sensoriamento Remoto, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental Henrique Luís Roessler, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Dayana Milena Agudelo-Castañeda
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Sensoriamento Remoto, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Silva E Silva
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais em Mineração, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Naira Balzaretti
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcel Ferreira Braga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Sensoriamento Remoto, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luís Felipe Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais em Mineração, Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Ji W, Zhao B. Estimating mortality derived from indoor exposure to particles of outdoor origin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124238. [PMID: 25860147 PMCID: PMC4393180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Following an extensive review of the literature, we further analyze the published data to examine the health effects of indoor exposure to particulate matter (PM) of outdoor origin. We obtained data on all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality per 10 μg/m3 increase in outdoor PM10 or PM2.5; the infiltration factors for buildings; and estimated time spent outdoors by individuals in the United States, Europe, China, and globally. These data were combined log-linear exposure–response model to estimate the all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality of exposure to indoor PM pollution of outdoor origin. Indoor PM pollution of outdoor origin is a cause of considerable mortality, accounting for 81% to 89% of the total increase in mortality associated with exposure to outdoor PM pollution for the studied regions. The findings suggest that enhancing the capacity of buildings to protect occupants against exposure to outdoor PM pollution has significant potential to improve public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ji
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- * E-mail:
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6
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Liu Q, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang M. Characterization of springtime airborne particulate matter-bound reactive oxygen species in Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:9325-9333. [PMID: 24728573 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have suggested that particulate matter (PM)-associated adverse health effects are related to particle composition. To study the toxicological characteristics of dust storm, airborne PM10 was collected at two sites in Beijing from March to May 2012. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), quantified by dithiothreitol (DTT), was used to measure the PM-induced oxidative potential. Two dust storm (DS) samples were monitored during the sampling period: one happened on March 28th (DS1) and the other one was on April 28th (DS2). The backward trajectory results showed that both events originated from Inner Mongolia and Mongolia, respectively. The increased trends of ROS activities during the dust storm episode in PM10 were observed for all the dust storms owing to a higher concentration of water-soluble components for all the PM10 samples compared to nondust storm ones. Interestingly, the correlations between DTT consumption with water-soluble species yield interesting results about the spatial variability of redox activity between sites. In particular, a tracer of soil suspension, namely Fe, contributed the most fraction to ROS variability in the urban background site. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) made the highest contribution to ROS variability, suggesting that vehicle emission might be important driving factors of the PM-induced oxidative stress in the urban site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China,
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7
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Isaacs K, Burke J, Smith L, Williams R. Identifying housing and meteorological conditions influencing residential air exchange rates in the DEARS and RIOPA studies: development of distributions for human exposure modeling. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2013; 23:248-58. [PMID: 23443234 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2012.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate prediction of residential air exchange rate (AER) is important for estimating human exposures in the residential microenvironment, as AER drives the infiltration of outdoor-generated air pollutants indoors. AER differences among homes may result from a number of factors, including housing characteristics and meteorological conditions. Residential AER data collected in the Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS) and the Relationships of Indoor, Outdoor and Personal Air (RIOPA) study were analyzed to determine whether the influence of a number of housing and meteorological conditions on AER were consistent across four cities in different regions of the United States (Detroit MI, Elizabeth NJ, Houston TX, Los Angeles, CA). Influential factors were identified and used as binning variables for deriving final AER distributions for the use in exposure modeling. In addition, both between-home and within-home variance in AER in DEARS were quantified with the goal of identifying reasonable AER resampling frequencies for use in longitudinal exposure modeling efforts. The results of this analysis indicate that residential AER is depended on ambient temperature, the presence (or not) of central air conditioning, and the age of the home. Furthermore, between-home variability in AER accounted for the majority (67%) of the total variance in AER for Detroit homes, indicating lower within-home variability. These findings are compared with other previously published AER distributions, and the implications for exposure modeling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Isaacs
- Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Kalafut-Pettibone AJ, McGivern WS. Analytical Methodology for Determination of Organic Aerosol Functional Group Distributions. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3553-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3028728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J. Kalafut-Pettibone
- Chemical Science
Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop
8320, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - W. Sean McGivern
- Chemical Science
Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop
8320, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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9
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Chen C, Zhao B. Review of relationship between indoor and outdoor particles: I/O ratio, infiltration factor and penetration factor. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 2011; 45:275-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Setyan A, Sauvain J, Guillemin M, Riediker M, Demirdjian B, Rossi MJ. Probing Functional Groups at the Gas–Aerosol Interface Using Heterogeneous Titration Reactions: A Tool for Predicting Aerosol Health Effects? Chemphyschem 2010; 11:3823-35. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ari Setyan
- Institut universitaire romand de Santé au Travail (IST), Université de Lausanne et Université de Genève, Rue du Bugnon 21, CH‐1011 Lausanne (Switzerland)
- Current address: Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
| | - Jean‐Jacques Sauvain
- Institut universitaire romand de Santé au Travail (IST), Université de Lausanne et Université de Genève, Rue du Bugnon 21, CH‐1011 Lausanne (Switzerland)
| | - Michel Guillemin
- Institut universitaire romand de Santé au Travail (IST), Université de Lausanne et Université de Genève, Rue du Bugnon 21, CH‐1011 Lausanne (Switzerland)
| | - Michael Riediker
- Institut universitaire romand de Santé au Travail (IST), Université de Lausanne et Université de Genève, Rue du Bugnon 21, CH‐1011 Lausanne (Switzerland)
| | - Benjamin Demirdjian
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), CNRS UPR 3118, Université de Marseille et Aix campus de Luminy, case 913, F‐13288 Marseille Cedex 9 (France)
| | - Michel J. Rossi
- Labor für Atmosphärenchemie (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), OFLA008, CH‐5232 Villigen PSI (Switzerland), Fax: (+41) 56 310 45 25
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Song YC, Ryu J, Malek MA, Jung HJ, Ro CU. Chemical Speciation of Individual Airborne Particles by the Combined Use of Quantitative Energy-Dispersive Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis and Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform-Infrared Imaging Techniques. Anal Chem 2010; 82:7987-98. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1014113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chul Song
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - JiYeon Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Md Abdul Malek
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Chul-Un Ro
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
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Polidori A, Kwon J, Turpin B, Weisel C. Source proximity and residential outdoor concentrations of PM(2.5), OC, EC, and PAHs. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2010; 20:457-68. [PMID: 19623217 PMCID: PMC4308952 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2009.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effect of proximity to specific mobile, area, and point sources on the residential outdoor concentrations of fine particulate matter PM (PM(2.5)) and several of its particle components. Integrated (48-h) PM(2.5) samples were collected outside non-smoking residences in Elizabeth, NJ, between summer 1999 and spring 2001. Samples were analyzed for PM(2.5) mass, organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC, respectively), trace elements, particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (p-PAHs), and other important particle species. Information about the proximity of the study homes to potential mobile and area sources of OC, EC, p-PAHs, sulfur (S), and selenium (Se) (including urban interstate highways, local roadways, the Newark International Airport, the Elizabeth seaport, and a nearby refinery in Linden, NJ) were retrieved from a database that included detailed emissions, meteorological, and geographical data for the study area. The dependence of residential outdoor concentrations on source proximity and on various meteorological parameters was then examined for each species by multiple linear regression analysis. As expected, the predicted ambient air concentrations of all particle species (except S, Se) decreased with increasing distance from the sources. Although the enhancement in PM(2.5) and OC levels outside the study homes closest to primary PM sources was modest (e.g., 1.6 and 2.5 times the background levels 37 m from interstate highways), the elevation of EC and p-PAH concentrations was substantial outside the closest study homes (i.e., about 20 times for p-PAHs 37 m from interstate highways and about 14 times for EC 192 m from the refinery in Linden, NJ). The predicted EC concentrations 192 and 500 m from the oil refinery were 22.8 and 3.0 microgC/m(3), compared with an urban background of 1 microgC/m(3). Thus, emissions from this source might dramatically affect EC exposure for residents living in its close proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Polidori
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - J. Kwon
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Division, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - B.J. Turpin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - C. Weisel
- Exposure Science Division, RWJMS/UMDNJ, Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Richmond-Bryant J, Hahn I, Fortune CR, Rodes CE, Portzer JW, Lee S, Wiener RW, Smith LA, Wheeler M, Seagraves J, Stein M, Eisner AD, Brixey LA, Drake-Richman ZE, Brouwer LH, Ellenson WD, Baldauf R. The Brooklyn traffic real-time ambient pollutant penetration and environmental dispersion (B-TRAPPED) field study methodology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:2122-35. [PMID: 20024009 DOI: 10.1039/b907126c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Brooklyn Traffic Real-Time Ambient Pollutant Penetration and Environmental Dispersion (B-TRAPPED) field study examined indoor and outdoor exposure to traffic-generated air pollution by studying the individual processes of generation of traffic emissions, transport and dispersion of air contaminants along a roadway, and infiltration of the contaminants into a residence. Real-time instrumentation was used to obtain highly resolved time-series concentration profiles for a number of air pollutants. The B-TRAPPED field study was conducted in the residential Sunset Park neighborhood of Brooklyn, NY, USA, in May 2005. The neighborhood contained the Gowanus Expressway (Interstate 278), a major arterial road (4(th) Avenue), and residential side streets running perpendicular to the Gowanus Expressway and 4(th) Avenue. Synchronized measurements were obtained inside a test house, just outside the test house façade, and along the urban residential street canyon on which the house was located. A trailer containing Federal Reference Method (FRM) and real-time monitors was located next to the Gowanus Expressway to assess the source. Ultrafine particulate matter (PM), PM(2.5), nitrogen oxides (NO(x)), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO(2)), temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed and direction were monitored. Different sampling schemes were devised to focus on dispersion along the street canyon or infiltration into the test house. Results were obtained for ultrafine PM, PM(2.5), criteria gases, and wind conditions from sampling schemes focused on street canyon dispersion and infiltration. For comparison, the ultrafine PM and PM(2.5) results were compared with an existing data set from the Los Angeles area, and the criteria gas data were compared with measurements from a Vancouver epidemiologic study. Measured ultrafine PM and PM(2.5) concentration levels along the residential urban street canyon and at the test house façade in Sunset Park were demonstrated to be comparable to traffic levels at an arterial road and slightly higher than those in a residential area of Los Angeles. Indoor ultrafine PM levels were roughly 3-10 times lower than outdoor levels, depending on the monitor location. CO, NO(2), and SO(2) levels were shown to be similar to values that produced increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalizations in the Vancouver studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Richmond-Bryant
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T. W. Alexander Drive, MC B243-01, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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14
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Williams R, Rea A, Vette A, Croghan C, Whitaker D, Stevens C, McDow S, Fortmann R, Sheldon L, Wilson H, Thornburg J, Phillips M, Lawless P, Rodes C, Daughtrey H. The design and field implementation of the Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2009; 19:643-59. [PMID: 18941480 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2008.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The US Environmental Protection Agency recently conducted the Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS). The study began in 2004 and involved community, residential, and personal-based measurements of air pollutants targeting 120 participants and their residences. The primary goal of the study was to evaluate and describe the relationship between air toxics, particulate matter (PM), PM constituents, and PM from specific sources measured at a central site monitor with those from the residential and personal locations. The impact of regional, local (point and mobile), and personal sources on pollutant concentrations and the role of physical and human factors that might influence these concentrations were investigated. A combination of active and passive sampling methodologies were employed in the collection of PM mass, criteria gases, semivolatile organics, and volatile organic compound air pollutants among others. Monitoring was conducted in six selected neighborhoods along with one community site using a repeated measure design. Households from each of the selected communities were monitored for 5 consecutive days in the winter and again in the summer. Household, participant and a variety of other surveys were utilized to better understand human and household factors that might affect the impact of ambient-based pollution sources upon personal and residential locations. A randomized recruitment strategy was successful in enrolling nearly 140 participants over the course of the study. Over 36,000 daily-based environmental data points or records were ultimately collected. This paper fully describes the design of the DEARS and the approach used to implement this field monitoring study and reports select preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Williams
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, MD E-204-05, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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15
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Ryu J, Ro CU. Attenuated Total Reflectance FT-IR Imaging and Quantitative Energy Dispersive-Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis Techniques for Single Particle Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles. Anal Chem 2009; 81:6695-707. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9007545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JiYeon Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Chul-Un Ro
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
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16
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Setyan A, Sauvain JJ, Rossi MJ. The use of heterogeneous chemistry for the characterization of functional groups at the gas/particle interface of soot and TiO2 nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:6205-17. [PMID: 19606331 DOI: 10.1039/b902509j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Six gases [N(CH(3))(3), NH(2)OH, CF(3)COOH, HCl, NO(2) and O(3)] were selected to probe the surface of seven different types of combustion aerosol samples (amorphous carbon, flame soot) and three types of TiO(2) nanoparticles using heterogeneous, i.e. gas-surface reactions. The gas uptake to saturation of the probes was measured under molecular flow conditions in a Knudsen flow reactor and expressed as a density of surface functional groups on a particular aerosol, namely acidic (carboxylic) and basic (conjugated oxides such as pyrone, N-heterocycle and amine) sites, carbonyl (R(1)-C(O)-R(2)) and oxidizable (olefinic, -OH) groups. The limit of detection was generally well below 1% of a formal monolayer of adsorbed probe gas. With few exceptions most investigated aerosol samples interacted with all probe gases to various extents which points to the coexistence of different functional groups on the same aerosol surface such as acidic and basic groups. Generally, the carbonaceous particles displayed significant differences in surface group density: Printex 60 amorphous carbon had the lowest density of surface functional groups throughout, whereas Diesel soot recovered from a Diesel particulate filter had the largest. The presence of basic oxides on carbonaceous aerosol particles was inferred from the ratio of uptakes of CF(3)COOH and HCl owing to the larger stability of the acetate compared to the chloride counterion in the resulting pyrylium salt. Both soots generated from a rich and a lean hexane diffusion flame had a large density of oxidizable groups similar to amorphous carbon FS 101. TiO(2) 15 had the lowest density of functional groups studied for all probe gases among the three TiO(2) nanoparticles despite the smallest size of its primary particles. The technique used enabled the measurement of the uptake probability of the probe gases on the various supported aerosol samples. The initial uptake probability, gamma(0), of the probe gas onto the supported nanoparticles differed significantly among the various investigated aerosol samples but was roughly correlated with the density of surface groups, as expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Setyan
- Institut Universitaire Romand de Santé au Travail (IST), Université de Lausanne et Université de Genève, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Dron J, Zheng W, Marchand N, Wortham H. New method to determine the total carbonyl functional group content in extractable particulate organic matter by tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2008; 43:1089-1098. [PMID: 18320554 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A functional group analysis method was developed to determine the quantitative content of carbonyl functional groups in atmospheric particulate organic matter (POM) using constant neutral loss scanning-tandem mass spectrometry (CNLS-MS/MS). The neutral loss method consists in monitoring the loss of a neutral fragment produced by the fragmentation of a precursor ion in a collision cell. The only ions detected are the daughter ions resulting from the loss of the neutral fragment under study. Then, scanning the loss of a neutral fragment characteristic of a functional group enables the selective detection of the compounds bearing the chemical function under study within a complex mixture. The selective detection of carbonyl functional groups was achieved after derivatization with pentafluorophenylhydrazine (PFPH) by monitoring the neutral loss of C(6)F(5)N (181 amu), which was characteristic of a large panel of derivatized carbonyl compounds. The method was tested on 25 reference mixtures of different composition, all containing 24 carbonyl compounds at randomly determined concentrations. The repeatability and calibration tests were satisfying as they resulted in a relative standard deviation below 5% and a linear range between 0.01 and 0.65 mM with a calculated detection limit of 0.0035 mM. Also, the relative deviation induced by changing the composition of the mixture while keeping the total concentration of carbonyl functional groups constant was less than 20%. These reliability experiments demonstrate the high robustness of the developed procedure for accurate carbonyl functional group measurement, which was applied to atmospheric POM samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dron
- Laboratoire Chimie Provence (UMR 6264), Equipe Instrumentation et Réactivité Atmosphérique, Universités d'Aix-Marseille I,II et III-CNRS (case 29), 3 place Victor Hugo, Marseille Cedex 3, France.
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18
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Kwon J, Weisel CP, Turpin BJ, Zhang J, Korn LR, Morandi MT, Stock TH, Colome S. Source proximity and outdoor-residential VOC concentrations: results from the RIOPA study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2006; 40:4074-82. [PMID: 16856719 DOI: 10.1021/es051828u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ambient volatile organic compound concentrations outside residences were measured in Elizabeth, New Jersey as part of the Relationship of Indoor, Outdoor, and Personal A:r (RIOPA) study to assess the influence of proximity of the residences to known ambient emissions sources. The closest distances between the outdoor samplers and emission sources were determined using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)techniques. Multiple regression models were developed for residential ambient concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX), methyl tert butyl ether (MTBE), and tetrachloroethylene (PCE). The natural log transformed ambient concentrations of BTEX were inversely associated with distances to major roadways with high traffic densities and gasoline stations, atmospheric stability, temperature, and wind speed. Ambient MTBE levels were associated with inverse distance to gas stations and interstate highways. Residential ambient PCE concentration was inversely associated with distance to dry cleaning facilities, atmospheric stability, temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity. The linear regression models that include proximity to emission sources and meteorological variables explained 16-45% of the overall variation of ambient residential VOC concentrations. Meteorological conditions, especially atmospheric stability and temperature, explained 60-90% of the total variation in the regression models. The residential ambient air concentrations were 1.5-4 times higher than the urban background levels outside homes very close (<50 m) to ambient emission sources where approximately 7% of the population live. However, the relative increase of risk for disease is small and variations in air concentration in the background urban atmosphere are greater than those from the proximity to roadways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaymin Kwon
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Polidori A, Turpin B, Meng QY, Lee JH, Weisel C, Morandi M, Colome S, Stock T, Winer A, Zhang J, Kwon J, Alimokhtari S, Shendell D, Jones J, Farrar C, Maberti S. Fine organic particulate matter dominates indoor-generated PM2.5 in RIOPA homes. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2006; 16:321-31. [PMID: 16538235 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jes.7500476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Residential indoor and outdoor fine particle (PM(2.5)) organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations (48 h) were measured at 173 homes in Houston, TX, Los Angeles County, CA, and Elizabeth, NJ as part of the Relationship of Indoor, Outdoor and Personal Air (RIOPA) study. The adsorption of organic vapors on the quartz fiber sampling filter (a positive artifact) was substantial indoors and out, accounting for 36% and 37% of measured OC at the median indoor (8.2 microg C/m(3)) and outdoor (5.0 microg C/m(3)) OC concentrations, respectively. Uncorrected, adsorption artifacts would lead to substantial overestimation of particulate OC both indoors and outdoors. After artifact correction, the mean particulate organic matter (OM=1.4 OC) concentration indoors (9.8 microg/m(3)) was twice the mean outdoor concentration (4.9 microg/m(3)). The mean EC concentration was 1.1 microg/m(3) both indoors and outdoors. OM accounted for 29%, 30% and 29% of PM(2.5) mass outdoors and 48%, 55% and 61% of indoor PM(2.5) mass in Los Angeles Co., Elizabeth and Houston study homes, respectively. Indirect evidence provided by species mass balance results suggests that PM(2.5) nitrate (not measured) was largely lost during outdoor-to-indoor transport, as reported by Lunden et al. This results in dramatic changes with outdoor-to-indoor transport in the mass and composition of ambient-generated PM(2.5) at California homes. On average, 71% to 76% of indoor OM was emitted or formed indoors, calculated by (1) Random Component Superposition (RCS) model and (2) non-linear fit of OC and air exchange rate data to the mass balance model. Assuming that all particles penetrate indoors (P=1) and there is no particle loss indoors (k=0), a lower bound estimate of 41% of indoor OM was indoor-generated (mean). OM appears to be the predominant species in indoor-generated PM(2.5), based on species mass balance results. Particulate OM emitted or formed indoors is substantial enough to alter the concentration, composition and behavior of indoor PM(2.5). One interesting effect of increased indoor OM concentrations is a shift in the gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the gas to the particle phase with outdoor-to-indoor transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Polidori
- Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
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20
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Meng QY, Turpin BJ, Polidori A, Lee JH, Weisel C, Morandi M, Colome S, Stock T, Winer A, Zhang J. PM2.5 of ambient origin: estimates and exposure errors relevant to PM epidemiology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:5105-12. [PMID: 16082937 PMCID: PMC2553354 DOI: 10.1021/es048226f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies routinely use central-site particulate matter (PM) as a surrogate for exposure to PM of ambient (outdoor) origin. Below we quantify exposure errors that arise from variations in particle infiltration to aid evaluation of the use of this surrogate, rather than actual exposure, in PM epidemiology. Measurements from 114 homes in three cities from the Relationship of Indoor, Outdoor and Personal Air (RIOPA) study were used. Indoor PM2.5 of outdoor origin was calculated as follows: (1) assuming a constant infiltration factor, as would be the case if central-site PM were a "perfect surrogate" for exposure to outdoor particles; (2) including variations in measured air exchange rates across homes; (3) also incorporating home-to-home variations in particle composition, and (4) calculating sample-specific infiltration factors. The final estimates of PM2.5 of outdoor origin take into account variations in building construction, ventilation practices, and particle properties that result in home-to-home and day-to-day variations in particle infiltration. As assumptions became more realistic (from the first, most constrained model to the fourth, least constrained model), the mean concentration of PM2.5 of outdoor origin increased. Perhaps more importantly, the bandwidth of the distribution increased. These results quantify several ways in which the use of central site PM results in underestimates of the ambient PM2.5 exposure distribution bandwidth. The result is larger uncertainties in relative risk factors for PM2.5 than would occur if epidemiological studies used more accurate exposure measures. In certain situations this can lead to bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu Meng
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Barbara J. Turpin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Andrea Polidori
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Jong Hoon Lee
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Clifford Weisel
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Maria Morandi
- School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston Health Sciences Center, 1200 Hermann Pressler, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Steven Colome
- Integrated Environmental Sciences, 5319 University Drive #430, Irvine, CA 92612
| | - Thomas Stock
- School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston Health Sciences Center, 1200 Hermann Pressler, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Arthur Winer
- Environmental Science and Engineering Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Drive, 46-081 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jim Zhang
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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