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Fuzessy L, Pavoine S, Cardador L, Maspons J, Sol D. Loss of species and functions in a deforested megadiverse tropical forest. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14250. [PMID: 38477227 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Tropical species richness is threatened by habitat degradation associated with land-use conversion, yet the consequences for functional diversity remain little understood. Progress has been hindered by difficulties in obtaining comprehensive species-level trait information to characterize entire assemblages and insufficient appreciation that increasing land-cover heterogeneity potentially compensates for species loss. We examined the impacts of tropical deforestation associated with land-use heterogeneity on bird species richness, functional redundancy, functional diversity, and associated components (i.e., alpha diversity, species dissimilarity, and interaction strength of the relationship between abundance and functional dissimilarity). We analyzed over 200 georeferenced bird assemblages in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. We characterized the functional role of the species of each assemblage and modeled biodiversity metrics as a function of forest cover and land-cover heterogeneity. Replacement of native Atlantic Forest with a mosaic of land uses (e.g., agriculture, pastures, and urbanization) reduced bird species richness in a nonrandom way. Core forest species, or species considered sensitive to edges, tended to be absent in communities in heterogenous environments. Overall, functional diversity and functional redundancy of bird species were not affected by forest loss. However, birds in highly heterogenous habitats were functionally distinct from birds in forest, suggesting a shift in community composition toward mosaic-exclusive species led by land-cover heterogeneity. Threatened species of the Atlantic Forest did not seem to tolerate degraded and heterogeneous environments; they remained primarily in areas with large forest tracts. Our results shed light on the complex effects of native forest transformation to mosaics of anthropogenic landscapes and emphasize the importance of considering the effects of deforestation and land-use heterogeneity when assessing deforestation effects on Neotropical biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisieux Fuzessy
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
- Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Sandrine Pavoine
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Laura Cardador
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Maspons
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Sol
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Hua F, Liu M, Wang Z. Integrating forest restoration into land-use planning at large spatial scales. Curr Biol 2024; 34:R452-R472. [PMID: 38714177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Forest restoration is being scaled up globally, carrying major expectations of environmental and societal benefits. Current discussions on ensuring the effectiveness of forest restoration are predominantly focused on the land under restoration per se. But this focus neglects the critical issue that land use and its drivers at larger spatial scales have strong implications for forest restoration outcomes, through the influence of landscape context and, importantly, potential off-site impacts of forest restoration that must be accounted for in measuring its effectiveness. To ensure intended restoration outcomes, it is crucial to integrate forest restoration into land-use planning at spatial scales large enough to account for - and address - these larger-scale influences, including the protection of existing native ecosystems. In this review, we highlight this thus-far neglected issue in conceptualizing forest restoration for the delivery of multiple desirable benefits regarding biodiversity and ecosystem services. We first make the case for the need to integrate forest restoration into large-scale land-use planning, by reviewing current evidence on the landscape-level influences and off-site impacts pertaining to forest restoration. We then discuss how science can guide the integration of forest restoration into large-scale land-use planning, by laying out key features of methodological frameworks required, reviewing the extent to which existing frameworks carry these features, and identifying methodological innovations needed to bridge the potential shortfall. Finally, we critically review the status of existing methods and data to identify future research efforts needed to advance these methodological innovations and, more broadly, the effective integration of forest restoration design into large-scale land-use planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Hua
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Mingxin Liu
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Melo RS, Alexandrino ER, de Paula FR, Boscolo D, de Barros Ferraz SF. Promoting Bird Functional Diversity on Landscapes with a Matrix of Planted Eucalyptus spp. in the Atlantic Forest. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 73:395-407. [PMID: 37796334 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Promoting the diversity of biological communities in areas of agricultural production is a very current debate since protected areas may not be sufficient to ensure biodiversity conservation. Among the biological communities affected by the production areas are birds, which show rapid responses to changes in the landscape. Here we seek to understand how landscape planning, concerning its composition and configuration, in areas with a matrix of planted Eucalyptus spp. forests influences the functional diversity of bird assemblages in the Atlantic Forest. Our results show that the spatial distribution design of planted forests in terms of age, land cover and clone types have effects on bird diversity with regard to functional divergence, functional evenness and species richness. These results reinforce the importance of good management for the maintenance of bird diversity. We found that bird functional diversity in planted forest matrices increased with the proximity index, proportion of native vegetation and age importance value, and is negatively influenced by edge density and proportion of forest plantation. For bird conservation, it is thus better to associate Eucalyptus spp. with other cover types in the landscape. These results corroborate that, to increase bird functional diversity, it is possible to associate conservation and production in the same landscape. Mosaic landscapes have great potential to contribute to the conservation of bird biodiversity outside protected areas. However, decisions regarding the management of planted forests and planning of improved areas intended for conservation seem to be decisive to ensure the maintenance of bird biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Siqueira Melo
- Laboratório de Hidrologia Florestal, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"-ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13.418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Roberto Alexandrino
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Manejo e Conservação da Fauna Silvestre, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"-ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13.418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rossetti de Paula
- Laboratório de Hidrologia Florestal, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"-ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13.418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Boscolo
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto-FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14.040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Silvio Frosini de Barros Ferraz
- Laboratório de Hidrologia Florestal, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"-ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13.418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Neate-Clegg MHC, Etterson MA, Tingley MW, Newmark WD. The combined effects of temperature and fragment area on the demographic rates of an Afrotropical bird community over 34 years. BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 2023; 282:110051. [PMID: 39291170 PMCID: PMC11406459 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation and climate change are two of the greatest threats to biodiversity, yet their combined impacts and potential interactions are poorly understood, particularly in the context of demographic rates. The Usambara Mountains, Tanzania, comprise a highly fragmented landscape where temperatures have increased by 0.58 °C over the last three decades. Here, we used a 34-year bird banding dataset from 14 forest fragments (0.2-908 ha) to examine the combined effects of fragment area and mean annual temperature on the demographic rates of 24 understory bird species. The population growth rates of two-thirds of species were negatively associated with at least one of the stressors, and, overall, population growth rates were 12-20 % lower in the warmest year compared to the coolest year, depending on fragment size. When temperature and fragment area were combined in models of recruitment, survival, and population growth, their effects were more frequently interactive than additive, however these interactions were rarely synergistic. Independently, temperature also received more model support than fragment area and tended to have a greater impact on demographic rates across species. Despite the complexity of the interactions between fragment area and temperature, their total effects on tropical bird demographic rates were largely detrimental. The development of effective conservation strategies for montane tropical bird species needs to account for these combined impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew A Etterson
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Morgan W Tingley
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William D Newmark
- Natural History Museum of Utah, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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5
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Morton ER, Robinson SK, Mulindahabi F, Masozera M, Singh A, Oli MK. Spatiotemporal patterns in an Afrotropical montane forest bird community. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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6
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Banks-Leite C, Betts MG, Ewers RM, Orme CDL, Pigot AL. The macroecology of landscape ecology. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:480-487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Liu Y, Huang TT, Zheng X. A method of linking functional and structural connectivity analysis in urban green infrastructure network construction. Urban Ecosyst 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-022-01201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAccelerated urbanization and population growth lead to the fragmentation of urban green space and loss of biodiversity. There are few studies on the integration of structural and functional connectivity to solve this problem. Our study aims to draw up a methodology to synthesize two methods of connectivity evaluation, accordingly, to construct an urban green infrastructure (UGI) network which is of great significance to maintain the stability of the urban ecosystem. Taking Beijing as a study area, we first used Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) to identify the source patches, then combined with the graph theory-based landscape metrics to discuss the effect of different diffusion distances on the regional landscape connectivity and classify the importance level of the source patches. Finally, we used both least-cost path (LCP) and circuit theory to construct network and identify pinch areas in corridors for network optimization. The results show that (1) the landscape connectivity of the study area is obviously polarized. Source patches in mountain and hilly areas have good ecological bases and large areas, and the density of corridors is relatively high, which makes a large contribution to the overall landscape connectivity; Source patches in plain areas are severely fragmented, and there are only a small number of potential corridors connecting urban areas and suburban areas. (2) The UGI network is composed of 70 source patches and 148 potential corridors. The diffusion distance that is most beneficial to improve landscape connectivity is 20–25 km. (3) 6 pinch areas that are of great significance for improving the connectivity of the landscape present the coexistence of high migration resistance and large optimization potential, and urgently need to be restored first. This study provides a method to combine the structural and the functional analysis to construct a UGI network and formulate more scientifical protection strategies for planning departments.
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Almeida-Gomes M, Gotelli NJ, Rocha CFD, Vieira MV, Prevedello JA. Random placement models explain species richness and dissimilarity of frog assemblages within Atlantic Forest fragments. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:618-629. [PMID: 35007336 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of random versus niche-based processes on biodiversity patterns is a central theme in ecology, and an important tool for predicting effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on biodiversity. We investigated the predictive power of random processes to explain species richness and species dissimilarity of amphibian assemblages in a fragmented tropical landscape of the Atlantic Forest of South America. We analyzed a large database of amphibian abundance and occupancy, sampled in 21 forest fragments ranging in size from 1.9 to 619 ha. We compared observed species richness and species dissimilarity with the outcomes of two null (random placement) models: 1- the traditional Coleman's area-based model and 2- an abundance-based model (based on the number of individuals observed in each fragment). We applied these models for all species combined, and separately for forest-dependent and habitat-generalist species. The abundance-based model fitted the observed species richness data better than the area-based model for all species, forest-dependent species, and generalist species. The area-based and the abundance-based models were also able to significantly explain species dissimilarity for all species and for generalists, but not for forest dependent species. The traditional area-based model assigned too many individuals to large fragments, thus failing to accurately explain species richness within patches across the landscape. Although niche-based processes may be important to structuring the regional pool of species in fragmented landscapes, our results suggest that part of the variation in species richness and species dissimilarity can be successfully explained by random placement models, especially for generalist species. Evaluating which factors cause variation in the number of individuals among patches should be a focus in future studies aiming to understand biodiversity patterns in fragmented landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Almeida-Gomes
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcus Vinícius Vieira
- Laboratório de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Pandilha J, de Toledo JJ, Barbosa LCF, Carvalho WD, de Sousa JC, Cardoso da Silva JM. Composition, richness and nestedness of gallery forest bird assemblages in an Amazonian savanna landscape: lessons for conservation. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12529. [PMID: 34917422 PMCID: PMC8643102 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallery forests are important to the maintenance of a substantial portion of the biodiversity in neotropical savanna regions, but management guidelines specific to this forest type are limited. Here, we use birds as study group to assess if: (1) functional traits can predict the abundance and occupancy of forest species within a savanna landscape, (2) habitat structures influence the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of forest assemblages, and (3) less diverse gallery forest assemblages are a nested subset of more diverse assemblages living near continuous forests. Then, we propose strategies on how gallery forests can be managed to maintain their species assemblages amidst the fast expansion of human activities across tropical savanna landscapes. We studied 26 sites of gallery forests in an Amazonian savanna landscape and found that: (1) habitat specificity is the only functional trait that predicts species abundance and occupancy across a landscape; (2) phylogenetic diversity is negatively correlated with understory foliage density; (3) the percentage of forests and savannas around sites is positively correlated with both phylogenetic and functional diversity; (4) increasing human activities around gallery forest negatively influences taxonomic and functional diversity; and (5) forest bird assemblages are not distributed at random across the landscape but show a nested pattern caused by selective colonization mediated by habitat filtering. Our combined findings have three implications for the design of conservation strategies for gallery forest bird assemblages. First, maintaining the connectivity between gallery forests and adjacent continuous forests is essential because gallery forest bird assemblages are derived from continuous forest species assemblages. Second, because most species use the savanna matrix to move across the landscape, effectively managing the savanna matrices where gallery forests are embedded is as important to maintaining viable populations of forest bird species as managing the gallery forest themselves. Third, in savanna landscapes planned to be used for agriculture production, protecting gallery forests alone is not enough. Instead, gallery forests should be protected with surrounding savanna buffers to avoid the detrimental effects (edge effects and isolation) of human activities on their biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joandro Pandilha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - José Júlio de Toledo
- Departamento de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | | | - William Douglas Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jackson Cleiton de Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - José Maria Cardoso da Silva
- Department of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States
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Turnover-driven loss of forest-dependent species changes avian species richness, functional diversity, and community composition in Andean forest fragments. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Response of avian communities to edges of tropical montane forests: Implications for the future of endemic habitat specialists. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Menezes Pinto Í, Emer C, Cazetta E, Morante-Filho JC. Deforestation Simplifies Understory Bird Seed-Dispersal Networks in Human-Modified Landscapes. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.640210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Global biodiversity is threatened by land-use changes through human activities. This is mainly due to the conversion of continuous forests into forest fragments surrounded by anthropogenic matrices. In general, sensitive species are lost while species adapted to disturbances succeed in altered environments. However, whether the interactions performed by the persisting species are also modified, and how it scales up to the network level throughout the landscape are virtually unknown in most tropical hotspots of biodiversity. Here we evaluated how landscape predictors (forest cover, total core area, edge density, inter-patch isolation) and local characteristics (fruit availability, vegetation complexity) affected understory birds seed-dispersal networks in 19 forest fragments along the hyperdiverse but highly depauperate northeast distribution of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Also, our sampled sites were distributed in two regions with contrasting land cover changes. We used mist nets to obtain samples of understory bird food contents to identify the plant species consumed and dispersed by them. We estimated network complexity on the basis of the number of interactions, links per species, interaction evenness, and modularity. Our findings showed that the number of interactions increased with the amount of forest cover, and it was significantly lower in the more deforested region. None of the other evaluated parameters were affected by any other landscape or local predictors. We also observed a lack of significant network structure compared to null models, which we attribute to a pervasive impoverishment of bird and plant communities in these highly modified landscapes. Our results demonstrate the importance of forest cover not only to maintain species diversity but also their respective mutualistic relationships, which are the bases for ecosystem functionality, forest regeneration and the provision of ecological services.
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Irizarry AD, Collazo JA, Vandermeer J, Perfecto I. Coffee plantations, hurricanes and avian resiliency: insights from occupancy, and local colonization and extinction rates in Puerto Rico. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Develey PF, Phalan BT. Bird Extinctions in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest and How They Can Be Prevented. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.624587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bird species extinctions in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil have been predicted since the early 1990s, but it has become accepted wisdom that none have yet been documented. We revisit this question in light of updates to the global Red List, and conclude that between five and seven bird species have likely been driven to extinction in the wild in this biome in recent decades, plus a further two species that occurred elsewhere in Brazil. These extinctions were the result of habitat loss in combination with other threats. A further nine Atlantic Forest bird species are Critically Endangered, plus six from elsewhere in Brazil. We review growing efforts to help these species avoid extinction using a range of tools including multi-stakeholder planning, advocacy, habitat protection and restoration on public and private land, focussed research, and intensive population management, drawing on examples from the most threatened Atlantic Forest endemics. Conservation organisations, local communities, government agencies, zoos, international funders, universities and others are working together to prevent these species from disappearing. While the political environment in Brazil has rarely been more hostile to conservation, there are also some positive trends. Rates of deforestation in the Atlantic Forest have fallen, forest restoration and recovery is increasing, and an unprecedented number of ordinary people are taking an interest in birds and participating in citizen science. With dedication, collaboration, sufficient resources, and a focus on evidence-informed solutions, we are hopeful that many of the Critically Endangered species can be pulled back from the brink of extinction.
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16
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How does human disturbance affect brood parasitism and nest predation in hosts inhabiting a highly fragmented landscape? Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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17
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Roberts HP, King DI. Investigating the role of matrix habitat use in determining avian area-sensitivity. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:12792-12800. [PMID: 33304494 PMCID: PMC7713974 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of some species from small habitat patches has long posed a challenge for conservationists, yet the underlying mechanisms that cause this "area-sensitivity" remain poorly understood. Capacity of a species to extend their activities into the surrounding matrix habitat represents one potential determinant of area-sensitivity. Species may be able to occupy smaller patches if they can utilize matrix habitat beyond patch boundaries, whereas area-sensitive species may be restricted to larger patches due to their inability to utilize the surrounding matrix. We investigated the potential role of matrix utilization in determining area-sensitivity by mapping the movements of two shrubland-obligate passerines with contrasting patch area requirements in shrub-dominated forest openings ranging in area by nearly an order of magnitude. Our findings were consistent with our predictions; the less area-sensitive chestnut-sided warbler (Setophaga pensylvanica) exhibited greater use of matrix habitat than the highly area-sensitive prairie warbler (S. discolor). Furthermore, chestnut-sided warblers that occupied smaller openings used mature forest more than conspecifics in larger patches, yet forest use by prairie warblers was unrelated to opening size. Chestnut-sided warblers foraged as frequently in mature forest as within shrubland, whereas prairie warblers foraged significantly more in openings compared to forest. The findings of this study suggest that the ability or inclination of a species to utilize surrounding matrix habitat explains at least some of the observed variation in area-sensitivity in songbirds and potentially other taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Patrick Roberts
- Department of Environmental ConservationUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMAUSA
| | - David I. King
- U.S. Forest Service Northern Research StationUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMAUSA
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The magnitude and extent of edge effects on vascular epiphytes across the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18847. [PMID: 33139836 PMCID: PMC7606527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Edge effects are ubiquitous landscape processes influencing over 70% of forest cover worldwide. However, little is known about how edge effects influence the vertical stratification of communities in forest fragments. We combined a spatially implicit and a spatially explicit approach to quantify the magnitude and extent of edge effects on canopy and understorey epiphytic plants in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Within the human-modified landscape, species richness, species abundance and community composition remained practically unchanged along the interior-edge gradient, pointing to severe biotic homogenisation at all strata. This is because the extent of edge effects reached at least 500 m, potentially leaving just 0.24% of the studied landscape unaffected by edges. We extrapolated our findings to the entire Atlantic Forest and found that just 19.4% of the total existing area is likely unaffected by edge effects and provide suitable habitat conditions for forest-dependent epiphytes. Our results suggest that the resources provided by the current forest cover might be insufficient to support the future of epiphyte communities. Preserving large continuous ‘intact’ forests is probably the only effective conservation strategy for vascular epiphytes.
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Chan AA, Banks-Leite C. Habitat modification mediates the strength of trophic cascades on oak trees. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Luther DA, Cooper WJ, Wolfe JD, Bierregaard RO, Gonzalez A, Lovejoy TE. Tropical forest fragmentation and isolation: Is community decay a random process? Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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21
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Harrison MLK, Banks-Leite C. Edge effects on trophic cascades in tropical rainforests. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2020; 34:977-987. [PMID: 31762059 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cascading effects of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning of forests have become more apparent. However, how edge effects shape these processes has yet to be established. We assessed how edge effects alter arthropod populations and the strength of any resultant trophic cascades on herbivory rate in tropical forests of Brazil. We established 7 paired forest edge and interior sites. Each site had a vertebrate-exclosure, procedural (exclosure framework with open walls), and control plot (total 42 plots). Forest patches were surrounded by pasture. Understory arthropods and leaf damage were sampled every 4 weeks for 11 months. We used path analysis to determine the strength of trophic cascades in the interior and edge sites. In forest interior exclosures, abundance of predaceous and herbivorous arthropods increased by 326% and 180%, respectively, compared with control plots, and there were significant cascading effects on herbivory. Edge-dwelling invertebrates responded weakly to exclusion and there was no evidence of trophic cascade. Our results suggest that the vertebrate community at forest edges controls invertebrate densities to a lesser extent than it does in the interior. Edge areas can support vertebrate communities with a smaller contingent of insectivores. This allows arthropods to flourish and indirectly accounts for higher levels of plant damage at these sites. Increased herbivory rates may have important consequences for floristic community composition and primary productivity, as well as cascading effects on nutrient cycling. By interspersing natural forest patches with agroforests, instead of pasture, abiotic edge effects can be softened and prevented from penetrating deep into the forest. This would ensure a greater proportion of forest remains habitable for sensitive species and could help retain ecosystem functions in edge zones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Banks-Leite
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, U.K
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Lima DO, Banks‐Leite C, Lorini ML, Nicholson E, Vieira MV. Anthropogenic effects on the occurrence of medium‐sized mammals on the Brazilian Pampa biome. Anim Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. O. Lima
- Campus Cerro Largo Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul Cerro Largo RS Brazil
- Laboratório de Vertebrados Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - C. Banks‐Leite
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Ascot, Berkshire UK
| | - M. L. Lorini
- Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Ciências Naturais Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - E. Nicholson
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - M. V. Vieira
- Laboratório de Vertebrados Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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Hatfield JH, Barlow J, Joly CA, Lees AC, Parruco CHDF, Tobias JA, Orme CDL, Banks-Leite C. Mediation of area and edge effects in forest fragments by adjacent land use. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2020; 34:395-404. [PMID: 31313352 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation have pervasive detrimental effects on tropical forest biodiversity, but the role of the surrounding land use (i.e., matrix) in determining the severity of these impacts remains poorly understood. We surveyed bird species across an interior-edge-matrix gradient to assess the effects of matrix type on biodiversity at 49 different sites with varying levels of landscape fragmentation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest-a highly threatened biodiversity hotspot. Both area and edge effects were more pronounced in forest patches bordering pasture matrix, whereas patches bordering Eucalyptus plantation maintained compositionally similar bird communities between the edge and the interior and exhibited reduced effects of patch size. These results suggest the type of matrix in which forest fragments are situated can explain a substantial amount of the widely reported variability in biodiversity responses to forest loss and fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack H Hatfield
- Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, U.K
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K
| | - Carlos A Joly
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander C Lees
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, U.K
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | | | - Joseph A Tobias
- Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, U.K
| | - C David L Orme
- Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, U.K
| | - Cristina Banks-Leite
- Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, U.K
- Department of Ecology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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Small mammals in fragments of Atlantic Forest: species richness answering to field methods and environment. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467420000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSmall mammals can be used as environmental indicators and have been intensively studied in fragmented landscapes of Atlantic Forest, with a wide range of field methods. Our aim in this study was two-fold: we tested for the effects of methods and for the effects of the main environmental variables on observed small mammal richness in fragments of Atlantic Forest. We gathered information on small mammal richness, methods and environmental variables from 122 fragments of Atlantic Forest through literature review. These data were analysed using linear models and model selection based on AIC values along with a regression tree analysis. We found that studies will record more species with bigger trapping effort, using pitfall traps and sampling all forest strata. We also confirmed two important ecological assumptions: fragments at lower latitudes and bigger fragments were the ones with higher species richness. Methodological and environmental variables were analysed together on a regression tree, where trapping effort was the most important variable, surpassing any environmental effect. Considering that a significant number of the studies on Atlantic Forest fragments did not use pitfall traps or sample all forest strata, their results on forest fragmentation were affected by sampling bias.
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Boeraeve M, Honnay O, Jacquemyn H. Forest edge effects on the mycorrhizal communities of the dual-mycorrhizal tree species Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:703-712. [PMID: 30812005 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Forest conversion into agricultural land has resulted in a continuous decline in forest cover and in a reduced size and increased edge-to-core ratio of the remaining fragments. Forest edges are more directly exposed to sunlight, wind and pollutants and the resulting changes in habitat quality might have a large impact on plant and animal communities. Few studies, however, have focused on forest edge effects on mycorrhizal fungus communities. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing to study how communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcMF), present in both the roots of the dual mycorrhizal tree Alnus glutinosa and in the soil, changed with increasing distance from the forest edge within fragmented forests embedded in an intensively managed agricultural matrix. Overall, we found 158 AMF OTUs and 275 EcMF OTUs. Soil moisture content increased with increasing distance from the forest edge, whereas soil nitrate concentration increased with increasing distance in south-facing and decreased in north-facing edges. Distance to the forest edge had a significant effect on EcMF community composition that largely overlapped with the observed changes in soil variables, especially soil moisture content. Apart from this distance effect, there were also clear effects of edge orientation on mycorrhizal diversity and community composition. While AMF OTU richness was higher at south- than at north-facing edges, the opposite pattern was found for EcMF. Community composition of both mycorrhiza types also differed significantly between south- and north-facing edges. We conclude that altered environmental conditions at forest edges cause significant changes in mycorrhizal communities, which could subsequently affect ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Boeraeve
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Cannon PG, Gilroy JJ, Tobias JA, Anderson A, Haugaasen T, Edwards DP. Land-sparing agriculture sustains higher levels of avian functional diversity than land sharing. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1576-1590. [PMID: 30793430 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ecological impacts of meeting rising demands for food production can potentially be mitigated by two competing land-use strategies: off-setting natural habitats through intensification of existing farmland (land sparing), or elevating biodiversity within the agricultural matrix via the integration of "wildlife-friendly" habitat features (land sharing). However, a key unanswered question is whether sparing or sharing farming would best conserve functional diversity, which can promote ecosystem stability and resilience to future land-use change. Focusing on bird communities in tropical cloud forests of the Colombian Andes, we test the performance of each strategy in conserving functional diversity. We show that multiple components of avian functional diversity in farmland are positively related to the proximity and extent of natural forest. Using landscape and community simulations, we also show that land-sparing agriculture conserves greater functional diversity and predicts higher abundance of species supplying key ecological functions than land sharing, with sharing becoming progressively inferior with increasing isolation from remnant forest. These results suggest low-intensity agriculture is likely to conserve little functional diversity unless large blocks of adjacent natural habitat are protected, consistent with land sparing. To ensure the retention of functionally diverse ecosystems, we urgently need to implement mechanisms for increasing farmland productivity whilst protecting spared land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Cannon
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - James J Gilroy
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Alex Anderson
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Haugaasen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - David P Edwards
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Maure LA, Rodrigues RC, Alcântara ÂV, Adorno BFCB, Santos DL, Abreu EL, Tanaka RM, Gonçalves RM, Hasui E. Functional Redundancy in bird community decreases with riparian forest width reduction. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:10395-10408. [PMID: 30464813 PMCID: PMC6238144 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Riparian ecosystems are suffering anthropogenic threats that reduce biodiversity and undermine ecosystem services. However, there is a great deal of uncertainty about the way species composition of assemblages is related to ecosystem function, especially in a landscape fragmentation context.Here, we assess the impact of habitat loss and disturbance on Functional Diversity (FD) components Functional Redundancy (FRed), Functional Evenness (FEve), and Functional Richness (FRic) of riparian forest bird assemblages to evaluate (a) how FD components respond to riparian forest width reduction and vegetation disturbance; (b) the existence of thresholds within these relationships; (c) which of the main birds diet guild (frugivores, insectivores, and omnivores) respond to such thresholds. We predict that FD components will be affected negatively and nonlinearly by riparian changes. However, guilds could have different responses due to differences of species sensitivity to fragmentation and disturbance. We expect to find thresholds in FD responses, because fragmentation and disturbance drive loss of specific FD components.Our results show that FRed and FEve were linearly affected by width and disturbance of riparian habitats, respectively. FRed was significantly lower in riparian forests assemblages below 400 m wide, and FEve was significantly higher above 60% disturbance. These responses of FD were also followed to the decline in insectivores and frugivores richness in riparian forests most affected by these changes.Consequently, our study suggests communities do not tolerate reduction in riparian forest width or disturbance intensification without negative impact on FD, and this becomes more critical for riparian area <400-m wide or with more than 60% disturbance. This minimum riparian width required to maintain FRed is greater than the minimum width required for riparian forests by Brazilian law. Thus, it is important to consider mechanisms to expand riparian habitats and reduce the disturbance intensity in riparian forests so that riparian bird community FD may be effectively conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A. Maure
- Instituto de Ciências da NaturezaUniversidade Federal de AlfenasAlfenasMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Rodolpho C. Rodrigues
- Departamento de EcologiaInstituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Ângelo V. Alcântara
- Instituto de Ciências da NaturezaUniversidade Federal de AlfenasAlfenasMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Bruno F. C. B. Adorno
- Instituto de Ciências da NaturezaUniversidade Federal de AlfenasAlfenasMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Douglas L. Santos
- Instituto de Ciências da NaturezaUniversidade Federal de AlfenasAlfenasMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Eduardo L. Abreu
- Instituto de Ciências da NaturezaUniversidade Federal de AlfenasAlfenasMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Rafael M. Tanaka
- Instituto de Ciências da NaturezaUniversidade Federal de AlfenasAlfenasMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Rute M. Gonçalves
- Instituto de Ciências da NaturezaUniversidade Federal de AlfenasAlfenasMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Erica Hasui
- Instituto de Ciências da NaturezaUniversidade Federal de AlfenasAlfenasMinas GeraisBrazil
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Neate-Clegg MHC, Jones SEI, Burdekin O, Jocque M, Şekercioğlu ÇH. Elevational changes in the avian community of a Mesoamerican cloud forest park. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Montague H. C. Neate-Clegg
- Department of Biology; University of Utah; 257 S 1400 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
- Operation Wallacea Ltd.; Wallace House, Old Bolingbroke Spilsby Lincolnshire PE23 4EX UK
| | - Samuel E. I. Jones
- Operation Wallacea Ltd.; Wallace House, Old Bolingbroke Spilsby Lincolnshire PE23 4EX UK
- School of Biological Sciences; Royal Holloway; University of London; Egham Surrey TW20 0EX UK
| | - Oliver Burdekin
- Operation Wallacea Ltd.; Wallace House, Old Bolingbroke Spilsby Lincolnshire PE23 4EX UK
- burdGIS; Unit G37b; Market Walk Wakefield West Yorkshire WF1 1QR UK
| | - Merlijn Jocque
- Operation Wallacea Ltd.; Wallace House, Old Bolingbroke Spilsby Lincolnshire PE23 4EX UK
- Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecology (ATECO); Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS); Vautierstraat 29 1000 Brussels Belgium
| | - Çağan Hakkı Şekercioğlu
- Department of Biology; University of Utah; 257 S 1400 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
- Koç University; Rumelifeneri Istanbul Sarıyer Turkey
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Bhakti T, Goulart F, de Azevedo CS, Antonini Y. Does scale matter? The influence of three-level spatial scales on forest bird occurrence in a tropical landscape. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198732. [PMID: 29912911 PMCID: PMC6005493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Consequences of habitat fragmentation for species occurrence are amongst the most important issues in landscape and conservation ecology. Empirical and theoretical studies have demonstrated that the total amount of habitat, patch size and connectivity have nonlinear effects on species survival on multiple spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, population models need to incorporate multiple scales, which can be extremely valuable to prioritizing conservation efforts in these changing landscapes. We tested how the amount and configuration of habitat affect understory bird species occurrence using fine to broad-scale habitat features. We used playback to sample birds in 13 Atlantic Forest fragments in Southeast Brazil. Microhabitat, local and regional landscape variables were tested against bird occurrence. Our results demonstrate that different bird species respond to different habitat scales. Sclerurus scansor, Xiphorhynchus fuscus, Automolus leucophthalmus, Drymophila ochropyga, Mackenziaena leachii, and Chiroxiphia caudata were most influenced by tree height and diameter (microhabitat characteristics), S. scansor, F. serrana and Pyriglena leucoptera were most influenced by forest cover and red-edge reflectance(local-scale metrics) and S. scansor, X. fuscus, D. ochropyga, P. leucoptera, F. serrana and M. leachii had area, core area and functional connectivity index (landscape features) as stronger predictors of species occurrence. Small forest fragments acted as corridors and increased overall connectivity of the entire community. The most effective means of maintaining long-term population connectivity of understory birds involves retaining both large and small areas, including forests with different micro-habitat characteristics. No management approach based on a single-scale would benefit all species. Implementing multiscale conservation strategies are necessary for maintaining long-term viability of forest birds on tropical landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulaci Bhakti
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Fernando Goulart
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Análise e Modelagem de Sistemas Ambientais, Departamento de Cartografia, Instituto de Ciências Geológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Cristiano Schetini de Azevedo
- Laboratório de Zoologia dos Vertebrados, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Yasmine Antonini
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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30
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Steinicke H, Pe’er G, Henle K. Abundance and survival rates of three leaf-litter frog species in fragments and continuous forest of the Mata Atlântica, Brazil. NATURE CONSERVATION 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.26.25339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Habitat destruction and fragmentation alter the quality of habitats and put populations under the risk of extinction. Changes in population parameters can provide early warning signs of negative impacts. In tropical forests, where habitat loss and fragmentation are vast, such indicators are of high relevance for directing conservation efforts before effects are irreversible. Most of our knowledge from tropical ecosystems originates from community level surveys, whereas our understanding of the influence of habitat conversion on vital rates of species is limited. This study focused on the influence of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation on the survival probability and abundance of three leaf-litter frog species (Rhinellaornata, Ischnocnemaguentheri and I.parva) in forest patches of the Atlantic rainforest of South-east Brazil compared to a continuous forest. The species differ in their matrix tolerance: high for R.ornata and low for I.guentheri and I.parva and, thus, we examined whether their survival and abundance correspond to this classification. Ischnocnemaguentheri showed highest abundances in all study sites and low mortality in the forest patches compared to the continuous forest; I.parva was encountered only in isolated fragments, with very low mortality in one isolated fragment; and the matrix tolerant species had generally low abundance and showed no clear pattern in terms of mortality in the different sites. Our counter-intuitive results show that even matrix sensitive amphibian species may show high abundance and low mortality in small forest patches. Therefore, these patches can be of high value for amphibian conservation regardless of their degree of matrix aversion. Landscape level conservation planning should not abandon small habitat patches, especially in highly fragmented tropical environments.
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31
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Bovo AA, Ferraz KM, Magioli M, Alexandrino ER, Hasui É, Ribeiro MC, Tobias JA. Habitat fragmentation narrows the distribution of avian functional traits associated with seed dispersal in tropical forest. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Kormann UG, Hadley AS, Tscharntke T, Betts MG, Robinson WD, Scherber C. Primary rainforest amount at the landscape scale mitigates bird biodiversity loss and biotic homogenization. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urs G. Kormann
- Agroecology Georg‐August University Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA
| | - Adam S. Hadley
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology Georg‐August University Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Matthew G. Betts
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA
| | - W. Douglas Robinson
- Oak Creek Lab of Biology Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA
| | - Christoph Scherber
- Agroecology Georg‐August University Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Münster Germany
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Whitworth A, Pillco-Huarcaya R, Downie R, Villacampa J, Braunholtz LD, MacLeod R. Long lasting impressions: After decades of regeneration rainforest biodiversity remains differentially affected following selective logging and clearance for agriculture. Glob Ecol Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Duya MR, Fidelino J, Ong P. Spatial Heterogeneity of Fruit Bats in a Primary Tropical Lowland Evergreen Rainforest in Northeastern Luzon, Philippines. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2017.19.2.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Roy Duya
- Diliman Science Research Foundation Inc., Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Philippines
| | - Jay Fidelino
- Diliman Science Research Foundation Inc., Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Philippines
| | - Perry Ong
- Diliman Science Research Foundation Inc., Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Philippines
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35
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Creation of forest edges has a global impact on forest vertebrates. Nature 2017; 551:187-191. [PMID: 29088701 PMCID: PMC5681864 DOI: 10.1038/nature24457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Forest edges influence more than half of the world's forests and contribute to worldwide declines in biodiversity and ecosystem functions. However, predicting these declines is challenging in heterogeneous fragmented landscapes. Here we assembled a global dataset on species responses to fragmentation and developed a statistical approach for quantifying edge impacts in heterogeneous landscapes to quantify edge-determined changes in abundance of 1,673 vertebrate species. We show that the abundances of 85% of species are affected, either positively or negatively, by forest edges. Species that live in the centre of the forest (forest core), that were more likely to be listed as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), reached peak abundances only at sites farther than 200-400 m from sharp high-contrast forest edges. Smaller-bodied amphibians, larger reptiles and medium-sized non-volant mammals experienced a larger reduction in suitable habitat than other forest-core species. Our results highlight the pervasive ability of forest edges to restructure ecological communities on a global scale.
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36
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Zurita GA, Pe'er G, Bellocq MI. Bird responses to forest loss are influence by habitat specialization. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. A. Zurita
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical; Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; Universidad Nacional de Misiones-CONICET; Puerto Iguazú Misiones Argentina
| | - G. Pe'er
- Department of Conservation Biology; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - M. I. Bellocq
- Departamento de Ecología; Genética y Evolución; FCEN; Universidad de Buenos Aites y IEGEBA-CONICET; Buenos Aires Argentina
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Menger J, Magnusson WE, Anderson MJ, Schlegel M, Pe’er G, Henle K. Environmental characteristics drive variation in Amazonian understorey bird assemblages. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171540. [PMID: 28225774 PMCID: PMC5321421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical bird assemblages display patterns of high alpha and beta diversity and, as tropical birds exhibit strong habitat specificity, their spatial distributions are generally assumed to be driven primarily by environmental heterogeneity and interspecific interactions. However, spatial distributions of some Amazonian forest birds are also often restricted by large rivers and other large-scale topographic features, suggesting that dispersal limitation may also play a role in driving species’ turnover. In this study, we evaluated the effects of environmental characteristics, topographic and spatial variables on variation in local assemblage structure and diversity of birds in an old-growth forest in central Amazonia. Birds were mist-netted in 72 plots distributed systematically across a 10,000 ha reserve in each of three years. Alpha diversity remained stable through time, but species composition changed. Spatial variation in bird-assemblage structure was significantly related to environmental and topographic variables but not strongly related to spatial variables. At a broad scale, we found bird assemblages to be significantly distinct between two watersheds that are divided by a central ridgeline. We did not detect an effect of the ridgeline per se in driving these patterns, indicating that most birds are able to fly across it, and that differences in assemblage structure between watersheds may be due to unmeasured environmental variables or unique combinations of measured variables. Our study indicates that complex geography and landscape features can act together with environmental variables to drive changes in the diversity and composition of tropical bird assemblages at local scales, but highlights that we still know very little about what makes different parts of tropical forest suitable for different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Menger
- UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Conservation Biology, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
- Coordenação de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - William E. Magnusson
- Coordenação de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marti J. Anderson
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study - NZIAS, Albany Campus, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Martin Schlegel
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Guy Pe’er
- UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Conservation Biology, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Klaus Henle
- UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Conservation Biology, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
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Ulrich W, Lens L, Tobias JA, Habel JC. Contrasting Patterns of Species Richness and Functional Diversity in Bird Communities of East African Cloud Forest Fragments. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163338. [PMID: 27855174 PMCID: PMC5113869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid fragmentation and degradation of large undisturbed habitats constitute major threats to biodiversity. Several studies have shown that populations in small and highly isolated habitat patches are prone to strong environmental and demographic stochasticity and increased risk of extinction. Based on community assembly theory, we predict recent rapid forest fragmentation to cause a decline in species and functional guild richness of forest birds combined with a high species turnover among habitat patches, and well defined dominance structures, if competition is the major driver of community assembly. To test these predictions, we analysed species co-occurrence, nestedness, and competitive strength to infer effects of interspecific competition, habitat structure, and species' traits on the assembly of bird species communities from 12 cloud forest fragments in southern Kenya. Our results do not point to a single ecological driver of variation in species composition. Interspecific competition does not appear to be a major driver of species segregation in small forest patches, while its relative importance appears to be higher in larger ones, which may be indicative for a generic shift from competition-dominated to colonisation-driven community structure with decreasing fragment size. Functional trait diversity was independent of fragment size after controlling for species richness. As fragmentation effects vary among feeding guilds and habitat generalists, in particular, tend to decline in low quality forest patches, we plead for taking species ecology fully into account when predicting tropical community responses to habitat change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Ulrich
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Chair of Ecology and Biogeography, Pl-87-100 Toruń, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Luc Lens
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joseph A. Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom
| | - Jan C. Habel
- Technische Universität München, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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Villada-Bedoya S, Cultid-Medina CA, Escobar F, Guevara R, Zurita G. Edge effects on dung beetle assemblages in an Andean mosaic of forest and coffee plantations. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Villada-Bedoya
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Recursos Naturales (BIONAT); Universidad de Caldas; Calle 65 No 26-10 A.A. 275 Manizales Caldas Colombia
| | - Carlos A. Cultid-Medina
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Recursos Naturales (BIONAT); Universidad de Caldas; Calle 65 No 26-10 A.A. 275 Manizales Caldas Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología, Ecología y Manejo de Hormigas; Universidad del Valle; Calle 13 No 100-00 A. A. 25360 Cali Colombia
- Wildlife Conservation Society; WCS-Colombia; Avenida 5 Norte No. 22 N - 11 Cali Colombia
| | - Federico Escobar
- Instituto de Ecología A. C.; Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Col. El Haya C.P. 91070 Xalapa Veracruz México
| | - Roger Guevara
- Instituto de Ecología A. C.; Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Col. El Haya C.P. 91070 Xalapa Veracruz México
| | - Gustavo Zurita
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical; Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; Universidad Nacional de Misiones-CONICET; Bertoni 85 Puerto Iguazú Misiones C.P: 3370 Argentina
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Prevedello JA, Gotelli NJ, Metzger JP. A stochastic model for landscape patterns of biodiversity. ECOL MONOGR 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayme A. Prevedello
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo 05508 900 Brazil
| | | | - Jean Paul Metzger
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo 05508 900 Brazil
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Edge effects in the avifaunal community of riparian rain-forest tracts in Tropical North Queensland. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467416000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMost evidence suggests anthropogenic edges negatively affect rain-forest bird communities but little has been done to test this in Australasia. In this study, avifaunal detection frequency, species richness and community composition were compared between the edge and interior and between flat and more complex-shaped edges of riparian rain-forest tracts in Tropical North Queensland. The detection frequency and richness of guilds based on diet, foraging strata and habitat specialism were also compared. This study detected 15.1% more birds at the rain-forest edge compared with the interior but no difference in species richness. Edge shape had no effect on detection frequency or richness. Many guilds (subcanopy, closed forest, frugivorous and insectivorous species) experienced increased detection frequency at the edge relative to the interior, but for some guilds this response was reduced (habitat generalists) or reversed (understorey and mixed-flock species) along complex edges. Overall community composition was affected by edge distance but not by edge shape. Edge habitat was shorter and had more open canopy than the interior, supporting habitat-based explanations for the observed avifaunal edge effects. These results suggest generally positive edge effects in Australian rain-forest bird communities, possibly reflecting local resource distributions or a disturbance-tolerant species pool.
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Filgueiras BKC, Tabarelli M, Leal IR, Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Peres CA, Iannuzzi L. Spatial replacement of dung beetles in edge-affected habitats: biotic homogenization or divergence in fragmented tropical forest landscapes? DIVERS DISTRIB 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno K. C. Filgueiras
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n Cidade Universitária Recife PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Inara R. Leal
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n Cidade Universitária Recife PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello
- Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Cuiabá MT 78060-900 Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Luciana Iannuzzi
- Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n Cidade Universitária Recife PE 50670-901 Brazil
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Bieber AGD, Silva PSD, Oliveira PS. Attractiveness of fallen fleshy fruits to ants depends on previous handling by frugivores. ECOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.2980/20-1-3573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Voigt CC, Kingston T. Responses of Tropical Bats to Habitat Fragmentation, Logging, and Deforestation. BATS IN THE ANTHROPOCENE: CONSERVATION OF BATS IN A CHANGING WORLD 2015. [PMCID: PMC7124148 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25220-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Land-use change is a key driver of the global biodiversity crisis and a particularly serious threat to tropical biodiversity. Throughout the tropics, the staggering pace of deforestation, logging, and conversion of forested habitat to other land uses has created highly fragmented landscapes that are increasingly dominated by human-modified habitats and degraded forests. In this chapter, we review the responses of tropical bats to a range of land-use change scenarios, focusing on the effects of habitat fragmentation, logging, and conversion of tropical forest to various forms of agricultural production. Recent landscape-scale studies have considerably advanced our understanding of how tropical bats respond to habitat fragmentation and disturbance at the population, ensemble, and assemblage level. This research emphasizes that responses of bats are often species and ensemble specific, sensitive to spatial scale, and strongly molded by the characteristics of the prevailing landscape matrix. Nonetheless, substantial knowledge gaps exist concerning other types of response by bats. Few studies have assessed responses at the genetic, behavioral, or physiological level, with regard to disease prevalence, or the extent to which human disturbance erodes the capacity of tropical bats to provide key ecosystem services. A strong geographic bias, with Asia and, most notably, Africa, being strongly understudied, precludes a comprehensive understanding of the effects of fragmentation and disturbance on tropical bats. We strongly encourage increased research in the Paleotropics and emphasize the need for long-term studies, approaches designed to integrate multiple scales, and answering questions that are key to conserving tropical bats in an era of environmental change and dominance of modified habitats (i.e., the Anthropocene).
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Peter F, Berens DG, Grieve GR, Farwig N. Forest Fragmentation Drives the Loss of Insectivorous Birds and an Associated Increase in Herbivory. Biotropica 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Peter
- Conservation Ecology; Faculty of Biology; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8 D-35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Dana G. Berens
- Conservation Ecology; Faculty of Biology; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8 D-35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Graham R. Grieve
- School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; C/o PO Box 739 4278 Munster KwaZulu-Natal South Africa
| | - Nina Farwig
- Conservation Ecology; Faculty of Biology; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8 D-35043 Marburg Germany
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Magioli M, Ribeiro MC, Ferraz KMPMB, Rodrigues MG. Thresholds in the relationship between functional diversity and patch size for mammals in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Anim Conserv 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Magioli
- Laboratório de Ecologia; Manejo e Conservação de Fauna Silvestre; Departamento de Ciências Florestais; Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’; Universidade de São Paulo; Piracicaba SP Brazil
| | - M. C. Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação; Departamento de Ecologia; Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’; Rio Claro SP Brazil
| | - K. M. P. M. B. Ferraz
- Laboratório de Ecologia; Manejo e Conservação de Fauna Silvestre; Departamento de Ciências Florestais; Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’; Universidade de São Paulo; Piracicaba SP Brazil
| | - M. G. Rodrigues
- Área de Relevante Interesse Ecológico ‘Matão de Cosmópolis’; Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade; Ministério do Meio Ambiente; Campinas SP Brazil
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Zapponi L, Luiselli L, Cento M, Catorci A, Bologna MA. Disentangling patch and landscape constraints of nested assemblages. Basic Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Moreno M, Bernaschini M, Pérez-Harguindeguy N, Valladares G. Area and edge effects on leaf-litter decomposition in a fragmented subtropical dry forest. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Shirk PL, Linden DW, Patrick DA, Howell KM, Harper EB, Vonesh JR. Impact of habitat alteration on endemic Afromontane chameleons: evidence for historical population declines using hierarchical spatial modelling. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philip L. Shirk
- Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23284 USA
| | - Daniel W. Linden
- Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA
| | - David A. Patrick
- Division of Forestry, Natural Resources, and Recreation Paul Smith's College Paul Smith's NY 12970 USA
| | - Kim M. Howell
- Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania
| | - Elizabeth B. Harper
- Division of Forestry, Natural Resources, and Recreation Paul Smith's College Paul Smith's NY 12970 USA
| | - James R. Vonesh
- Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23284 USA
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