1
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Shreenidhi PM, Brock DA, McCabe RI, Strassmann JE, Queller DC. Costs of being a diet generalist for the protist predator Dictyostelium discoideum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313203121. [PMID: 38530891 PMCID: PMC10998602 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313203121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumers range from specialists that feed on few resources to generalists that feed on many. Generalism has the clear advantage of having more resources to exploit, but the costs that limit generalism are less clear. We explore two understudied costs of generalism in a generalist amoeba predator, Dictyostelium discoideum, feeding on naturally co-occurring bacterial prey. Both involve costs of combining prey that are suitable on their own. First, amoebas exhibit a reduction in growth rate when they switched to one species of prey bacteria from another compared to controls that experience only the second prey. The effect was consistent across all six tested species of bacteria. These switching costs typically disappear within a day, indicating adjustment to new prey bacteria. This suggests that these costs are physiological. Second, amoebas usually grow more slowly on mixtures of prey bacteria compared to the expectation based on their growth on single prey. There were clear mixing costs in three of the six tested prey mixtures, and none showed significant mixing benefits. These results support the idea that, although amoebas can consume a variety of prey, they must use partially different methods and thus must pay costs to handle multiple prey, either sequentially or simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Shreenidhi
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63130
| | - Debra A. Brock
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63130
| | - Rachel I. McCabe
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63130
| | - Joan E. Strassmann
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63130
| | - David C. Queller
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63130
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Sun X, Hu C, Liu T, Yue S, Peng J, Fu Q. Translating Virtual Prey-Predator Interaction to Real-World Robotic Environments: Enabling Multimodal Sensing and Evolutionary Dynamics. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:580. [PMID: 38132519 PMCID: PMC10742093 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8080580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prey-predator interactions play a pivotal role in elucidating the evolution and adaptation of various organism's traits. Numerous approaches have been employed to study the dynamics of prey-predator interaction systems, with agent-based methodologies gaining popularity. However, existing agent-based models are limited in their ability to handle multi-modal interactions, which are believed to be crucial for understanding living organisms. Conversely, prevailing prey-predator integration studies often rely on mathematical models and computer simulations, neglecting real-world constraints and noise. These elusive attributes, challenging to model, can lead to emergent behaviors and embodied intelligence. To bridge these gaps, our study designs and implements a prey-predator interaction scenario that incorporates visual and olfactory sensory cues not only in computer simulations but also in a real multi-robot system. Observed emergent spatial-temporal dynamics demonstrate successful transitioning of investigating prey-predator interactions from virtual simulations to the tangible world. It highlights the potential of multi-robotics approaches for studying prey-predator interactions and lays the groundwork for future investigations involving multi-modal sensory processing while considering real-world constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelong Sun
- Machine Life and Intelligence Research Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.S.); (C.H.); (S.Y.)
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Machine Life and Intelligence Research Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.S.); (C.H.); (S.Y.)
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tian Liu
- MLTOR Numerical Control Technology Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528400, China;
| | - Shigang Yue
- Machine Life and Intelligence Research Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.S.); (C.H.); (S.Y.)
- School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Jigen Peng
- Machine Life and Intelligence Research Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.S.); (C.H.); (S.Y.)
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qinbing Fu
- Machine Life and Intelligence Research Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.S.); (C.H.); (S.Y.)
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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3
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Rolls RJ, Deane DC, Johnson SE, Heino J, Anderson MJ, Ellingsen KE. Biotic homogenisation and differentiation as directional change in beta diversity: synthesising driver-response relationships to develop conceptual models across ecosystems. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1388-1423. [PMID: 37072381 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Biotic homogenisation is defined as decreasing dissimilarity among ecological assemblages sampled within a given spatial area over time. Biotic differentiation, in turn, is defined as increasing dissimilarity over time. Overall, changes in the spatial dissimilarities among assemblages (termed 'beta diversity') is an increasingly recognised feature of broader biodiversity change in the Anthropocene. Empirical evidence of biotic homogenisation and biotic differentiation remains scattered across different ecosystems. Most meta-analyses quantify the prevalence and direction of change in beta diversity, rather than attempting to identify underlying ecological drivers of such changes. By conceptualising the mechanisms that contribute to decreasing or increasing dissimilarity in the composition of ecological assemblages across space, environmental managers and conservation practitioners can make informed decisions about what interventions may be required to sustain biodiversity and can predict potential biodiversity outcomes of future disturbances. We systematically reviewed and synthesised published empirical evidence for ecological drivers of biotic homogenisation and differentiation across terrestrial, marine, and freshwater realms to derive conceptual models that explain changes in spatial beta diversity. We pursued five key themes in our review: (i) temporal environmental change; (ii) disturbance regime; (iii) connectivity alteration and species redistribution; (iv) habitat change; and (v) biotic and trophic interactions. Our first conceptual model highlights how biotic homogenisation and differentiation can occur as a function of changes in local (alpha) diversity or regional (gamma) diversity, independently of species invasions and losses due to changes in species occurrence among assemblages. Second, the direction and magnitude of change in beta diversity depends on the interaction between spatial variation (patchiness) and temporal variation (synchronicity) of disturbance events. Third, in the context of connectivity and species redistribution, divergent beta diversity outcomes occur as different species have different dispersal characteristics, and the magnitude of beta diversity change associated with species invasions also depends strongly on alpha and gamma diversity prior to species invasion. Fourth, beta diversity is positively linked with spatial environmental variability, such that biotic homogenisation and differentiation occur when environmental heterogeneity decreases or increases, respectively. Fifth, species interactions can influence beta diversity via habitat modification, disease, consumption (trophic dynamics), competition, and by altering ecosystem productivity. Our synthesis highlights the multitude of mechanisms that cause assemblages to be more or less spatially similar in composition (taxonomically, functionally, phylogenetically) through time. We consider that future studies should aim to enhance our collective understanding of ecological systems by clarifying the underlying mechanisms driving homogenisation or differentiation, rather than focusing only on reporting the prevalence and direction of change in beta diversity, per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Rolls
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia
| | - David C Deane
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Sarah E Johnson
- Natural Resources Department, Northland College, Ashland, WI, 54891, USA
| | - Jani Heino
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Marti J Anderson
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study (NZIAS), Massey University, Albany Campus, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kari E Ellingsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, P.O. Box 6606 Langnes, Tromsø, 9296, Norway
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4
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Sánchez-Domene D, da Silva FR, Provete DB, Navarro-Lozano A, Acayaba RD, Montagner CC, Rossa-Feres DDC, López-Iborra GM, Almeida EA. Combined effects of landscape composition and agrochemicals on frog communities amid sugarcane-dominated agroecosystems. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2781. [PMID: 36398791 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global demand for crops will continue increasing over the next few decades to cover both food and biofuel needs. This demand will put further pressure to expand arable land and replace natural habitats. However, we are only beginning to understand the combined effects of agrochemicals and land-use change on tropical freshwater biodiversity. In this study, we analyzed how pond-dwelling anuran larvae responded to pond characteristics, landscape composition, and agrochemical contamination in a sugarcane-dominated agroecosystem in Brazil. Then we used an information theoretical approach with generalized linear models to relate species richness and abundance to predictor variables. The variation in tadpole abundance was associated with both agrochemical concentration (e.g., ametryn, diuron, and malathion) and landscape variables (e.g., percentage of forest, percentage of agriculture, and distance to closest forest). The relationship between species abundance and agrochemicals was species-specific. For example, the abundances of Scinax fuscovarius and Physalaemus nattereri were negatively associated with ametryn, and Dendropsophus nanus was negatively associated with tebuthiuron, whereas that of Leptodactylus fuscus was positively associated with malathion. Conversely, species richness was associated with distance to forest fragments and aquatic vegetation heterogeneity, but not agrochemicals. Although we were unable to assign a specific mechanism to the variation in tadpole abundance based on field observations, the lower abundance of three species in ponds with high concentrations of agrochemicals suggest they negatively impact some frog species inhabiting agroecosystems. We recommend conserving ponds near forest fragments, with abundant stratified vegetation, and far from agrochemical runoffs to safeguard more sensitive pond-breeding species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sánchez-Domene
- Instituto de Pesquisa em Bioenergia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Fernando R da Silva
- Laboratório de Ecologia Teórica: Integrando Tempo, Biologia e Espaço (LET.IT.BE), Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCAr, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Diogo B Provete
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Alba Navarro-Lozano
- Laboratório de Ecologia Teórica, Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Raphael D Acayaba
- Laboratório de Química Ambiental, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cassiana C Montagner
- Laboratório de Química Ambiental, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, Brazil
| | - Denise de C Rossa-Feres
- Laboratório de Ecologia Teórica, Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Germán M López-Iborra
- Departamento de Ecologia/IMEM Ramon Margalef, Universidad de Alicante, Campus de San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eduardo A Almeida
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
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5
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Predator-mediated diversity of stream fish assemblages in a boreal river basin, China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:561. [PMID: 36631629 PMCID: PMC9834282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Predator-prey interactions are critical for understanding species composition and community assembly; however, there is still limited research on whether and how the prey species composition or community assembly in natural communities are mediated by predators. To address this question, we performed a field investigation to examine the influence of the presence of Lutra lutra on the diversity of fish communities of the Hunchun River Basin, Jilin Province, China. Our results indicate that L. lutra, as a potential umbrella species and generalist predator in the stream ecosystem, promotes the coexistence of a vast variety of fish taxa, which emphasizes the importance of top-down control in the ecological community. We suggest that L. lutra regulates the fish community assembly likely through the stochastic process. Although this was a pilot study regarding predator-prey interactions, the results highlight the effects of predators on the prey community assembly, and emphasize the role of predators on the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem function. Future conservation decisions involving ecosystem biodiversity should require the inclusion of predation intensity. The inclusion of scientific research and protection of umbrella species would thus constitute an additional and important step in biodiversity conservation.
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6
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Bagchi D, Arumugam R, Chandrasekar V, Senthilkumar D. Metacommunity stability and persistence for predation turnoff in selective patches. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Li Y, Geng M, Yu J, Du Y, Xu M, Zhang W, Wang J, Su H, Wang R, Chen F. Eutrophication decrease compositional dissimilarity in freshwater plankton communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153434. [PMID: 35090915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human activities, such as land use change and eutrophication, threaten freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem function. In this study, we examined both the α- and β-diversity of plankton communities, that is, bacteria/prokaryotic algae, eukaryotic algae, and zooplankton/metazoans, using both classical microscopy and high-throughput sequencing methods across 40 lakes of the Yangtze River Basin. The spatial variations in plankton communities were explained by environmental variables such as trophic status index (TSI) and environmental heterogeneity according to non-metric multidimensional scaling analyses, mantel tests, and structural equation model. Our results showed that the compositional dissimilarities of bacteria, cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algae, and metazoans all decreased with the increasing TSI values, and were significantly positively related to environmental dissimilarity. Both the species richness and compositional dissimilarity of zooplankton had positive effects on zooplankton/phytoplankton biomass ratio. Zooplankton diversity was not directly affected by TSI and environmental dissimilarity; however, it was indirectly affected by the biotic interactions with cyanobacteria or eukaryotic algae. In addition, there were significant positive relationships between bacteria/cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae dissimilarities. Our results indicated that increased trophic status and decreased environmental dissimilarity as consequences of eutrophication may weaken the trophic cascading effects of planktonic food chain via reducing the top-down effects of zooplankton on phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mengdie Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinlei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yingxun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haojie Su
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Feizhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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8
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Amacker N, Gao Z, Hu J, Jousset ALC, Kowalchuk GA, Geisen S. Protist feeding patterns and growth rate are related to their predatory impacts on soil bacterial communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6582216. [PMID: 35524686 PMCID: PMC9126823 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Predatory protists are major consumers of soil micro-organisms. By selectively feeding on their prey, they can shape soil microbiome composition and functions. While different protists are known to show diverging impacts, it remains impossible to predict a priori the effect of a given species. Various protist traits including phylogenetic distance, growth rate and volume have been previously linked to the predatory impact of protists. Closely-related protists,however, also showed distinct prey choices which could mirror specificity in their dietary niche. We, therefore, aimed to estimate the dietary niche breadth and overlap of eight protist isolates on 20 bacterial species in plate assays. To assess the informative value of previously suggested and newly proposed (feeding-related) protist traits, we related them to the impacts of predation of each protist on a protist-free soil bacterial community in a soil microcosm via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We could demonstrate that each protist showed a distinct feeding pattern in vitro. Further, the assayed protist feeding patterns and growth rates correlated well with the observed predatory impacts on the structure of soil bacterial communities. We thus conclude that in vitro screening has the potential to inform on the specific predatory impact of selected protists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Amacker
- Ecology and Biodiversity group, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zhilei Gao
- Ecology and Biodiversity group, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Hu
- Ecology and Biodiversity group, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.,UMR 6553 Ecobio, CNRS, University of Rennes, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Alexandre L C Jousset
- Ecology and Biodiversity group, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - George A Kowalchuk
- Ecology and Biodiversity group, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 ES Wageningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Liao J, Bearup D, Strona G. A patch-dynamic metacommunity perspective on the persistence of mutualistic and antagonistic bipartite networks. Ecology 2022; 103:e3686. [PMID: 35315055 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The structure of interactions between species within a community plays a key role in maintaining biodiversity. Previous studies have found that the effects of these structures might substantially differ depending on interaction type, for example, a highly connected and nested architecture stabilizes mutualistic communities, while the stability of antagonistic communities is enhanced in modular and weakly connected structures. Here we show that, when network dynamics are modelled using a patch-dynamic metacommunity framework, the qualitative differences between antagonistic and mutualistic systems disappear, with nestedness and modularity interacting to promote metacommunity persistence. However, the interactive effects are significantly weaker in antagonistic metacommunities. Our model also predicts an increase in connectance, nestedness and modularity over time in both types of interaction, except in antagonistic networks where nestedness declines. At steady state, we find a strong negative correlation between nestedness and modularity in both mutualistic and antagonistic metacommunities. These predictions are consistent with the structural trends found in a large dataset of real-world antagonistic and mutualistic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Liao
- Ministry of Education's Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Ziyang Road 99, Nanchang, China
| | - Daniel Bearup
- University of Kent, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, Parkwood Road, Canterbury, UK
| | - Giovanni Strona
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 4, Finland
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10
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Resetarits WJ, Pintar MR, Bohenek JR. Complex multi‐predator effects on demographic habitat selection and community assembly in colonizing aquatic insects. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William J. Resetarits
- Department of Biology Centers for Water and Wetlands Resources, and Conservation and Biodiversity Research The University of Mississippi University Mississippi 38677‐1848 USA
| | - Matthew R. Pintar
- Department of Biology Centers for Water and Wetlands Resources, and Conservation and Biodiversity Research The University of Mississippi University Mississippi 38677‐1848 USA
| | - Jason R. Bohenek
- Department of Biology Centers for Water and Wetlands Resources, and Conservation and Biodiversity Research The University of Mississippi University Mississippi 38677‐1848 USA
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11
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Vass M, Székely AJ, Lindström ES, Osman OA, Langenheder S. Warming mediates the resistance of aquatic bacteria to invasion during community coalescence. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1345-1356. [PMID: 33448073 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The immigration history of communities can profoundly affect community composition. For instance, early-arriving species can have a lasting effect on community structure by reducing the invasion success of late-arriving ones through priority effects. This can be particularly important when early-arriving communities coalesce with another community during dispersal (mixing) events. However, the outcome of such community coalescence is unknown as we lack knowledge on how different factors influence the persistence of early-arriving communities and the invasion success of late-arriving taxa. Therefore, we implemented a full-factorial experiment with aquatic bacteria where temperature and dispersal rate of a better adapted community were manipulated to test their joint effects on the resistance of early-arriving communities to invasion, both at community and population level. Our 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based results showed that invasion success of better adapted late-arriving bacteria equaled or even exceeded what we expected based on the dispersal ratios of the recipient and invading communities suggesting limited priority effects on the community level. Patterns detected at the population level, however, showed that resistance of aquatic bacteria to invasion might be strengthened by warming as higher temperatures (a) increased the sum of relative abundances of persistent bacteria in the recipient communities, and (b) restricted the total relative abundance of successfully established late-arriving bacteria. Warming-enhanced resistance, however, was not always found and its strengths differed between recipient communities and dispersal rates. Nevertheless, our findings highlight the potential role of warming in mitigating the effects of invasion at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Vass
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna J Székely
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva S Lindström
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Omneya A Osman
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Silke Langenheder
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Ellingsen KE, Yoccoz NG, Tveraa T, Frank KT, Johannesen E, Anderson MJ, Dolgov AV, Shackell NL. The rise of a marine generalist predator and the fall of beta diversity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2897-2907. [PMID: 32181966 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Determining the importance of physical and biological drivers in shaping biodiversity in diverse ecosystems remains a global challenge. Advancements have been made towards this end in large marine ecosystems with several studies suggesting environmental forcing as the primary driver. However, both empirical and theoretical studies point to additional drivers of changes in diversity involving trophic interactions and, in particular, predation. Moreover, a more integrated but less common approach to the assessment of biodiversity changes involves analyses of spatial β diversity, whereas most studies to date assess only changes in species richness (α diversity). Recent research has established that when cod, a dominant generalist predator, was overfished and collapsed in a northwest Atlantic food web, spatial β diversity increased; that is, the spatial structure of the fish assemblage became increasingly heterogeneous. If cod were to recover, would this situation be reversible, given the inherent complexity and non-linear dynamics that typify such systems? A dramatic increase of cod in an ecologically similar large marine ecosystem may provide an answer. Here we show that spatial β diversity of fish assemblages in the Barents Sea decreased with increasing cod abundance, while decadal scale changes in temperature did not play a significant role. These findings indicate a reversibility of the fish assemblage structure in response to changing levels of an apex predator and highlight the frequently overlooked importance of trophic interactions in determining large-scale biodiversity patterns. As increased cod abundance was largely driven by changes in fisheries management, our study also shows that management policies and practices, particularly those involving apex predators, can have a strong effect in shaping spatial diversity patterns, and one should not restrict the focus to effects of climate change alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari E Ellingsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nigel G Yoccoz
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torkild Tveraa
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kenneth T Frank
- Ocean Sciences Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
| | | | - Marti J Anderson
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study (NZIAS), Albany Campus, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrey V Dolgov
- Polar Branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography" ("PINRO" named after N.M. Knipovich), Murmansk, Russia
| | - Nancy L Shackell
- Ocean Sciences Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
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Langenheder S, Lindström ES. Factors influencing aquatic and terrestrial bacterial community assembly. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 11:306-315. [PMID: 30618071 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
During recent years, many studies have shown that different processes including drift, environmental selection and dispersal can be important for the assembly of bacterial communities in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. However, we lack a conceptual overview about the ecological context and factors that influence the relative importance of the different assembly mechanisms and determine their dynamics in time and space. Focusing on free-living, i.e., nonhost associated, bacterial communities, this minireview, therefore, summarizes and conceptualizes findings from empirical studies about how (i) environmental factors, such as environmental heterogeneity, disturbances, productivity and trophic interactions; (ii) connectivity and dispersal rates (iii) spatial scale, (iv) community properties and traits and (v) the use of taxonomic/phylogenetic or functional metrics influence the relative importance of different community assembly processes. We find that there is to-date little consistency among studies and suggest that future studies should now address how (i)-(v) differ between habitats and organisms and how this, in turn, influences the temporal and spatial-scale dependency of community assembly processes in microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Langenheder
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva S Lindström
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
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Johnke J, Baron M, de Leeuw M, Kushmaro A, Jurkevitch E, Harms H, Chatzinotas A. A Generalist Protist Predator Enables Coexistence in Multitrophic Predator-Prey Systems Containing a Phage and the Bacterial Predator Bdellovibrio. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Johnston NK, Pu Z, Jiang L. Predator identity influences metacommunity assembly. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:1161-70. [PMID: 27349796 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Predation is among the most important biotic factors influencing natural communities, yet we have a rather rudimentary understanding of its role in modulating metacommunity assembly. We experimentally examined the effects of two different predators (a generalist and a specialist) on metacommunity assembly, using protist microcosm metacommunities that varied in predator identity, dispersal among local communities and the history of species colonization into local communities. Generalist predation resulted in reduced α diversity and increased β diversity irrespective of dispersal, likely due to predation-induced stochastic extinction of different prey species in different local communities. Dispersal, however, induced source-sink dynamics in the presence of specialist predators, resulting in higher α diversity and marginally lower β diversity. These results demonstrate the distinct effects of different predators on prey metacommunity assembly, emphasizing the need to explore the role of predator diet breadth in structuring metacommunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Johnston
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhichao Pu
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Berga M, Östman Ö, Lindström ES, Langenheder S. Combined effects of zooplankton grazing and dispersal on the diversity and assembly mechanisms of bacterial metacommunities. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:2275-87. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Berga
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Limnology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Örjan Östman
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Animal Ecology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Eva S. Lindström
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Limnology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Silke Langenheder
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Limnology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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Stier AC, Hanson KM, Holbrook SJ, Schmitt RJ, Brooks AJ. Predation and landscape characteristics independently affect reef fish community organization. Ecology 2014; 95:1294-307. [PMID: 25000761 DOI: 10.1890/12-1441.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Trophic island biogeography theory predicts that the effects of predators on prey diversity are context dependent in heterogeneous landscapes. Specifically, models predict that the positive effect of habitat area on prey diversity should decline in the presence of predators, and that predators should modify the partitioning of alpha and beta diversity across patchy landscapes. However, experimental tests of the predicted context dependency in top-down control remain limited. Using a factorial field experiment we quantify the effects of a focal predatory fish species (grouper) and habitat characteristics (patch size, fragmentation) on the partitioning of diversity and assembly of coral reef fish communities. We found independent effects of groupers and patch characteristics on prey communities. Groupers reduced prey abundance by 50% and gamma diversity by 45%, with a disproportionate removal of rare species relative to common species (64% and 36% reduction, respectively; an oddity effect). Further, there was a 77% reduction in beta diversity. Null model analysis demonstrated that groupers increased the importance of stochastic community assembly relative to patches without groupers. With regard to patch size, larger patches contained more fishes, but a doubling of patch size led to a modest (36%) increase in prey abundance. Patch size had no effect on prey diversity; however, fragmented patches had 50% higher species richness and modified species composition relative to unfragmented patches. Our findings suggest two different pathways (i.e., habitat or predator shifts) by which natural and/or anthropogenic processes can drive variation in fish biodiversity and community assembly.
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Dézerald O, Leroy C, Corbara B, Carrias JF, Pélozuelo L, Dejean A, Céréghino R. Food-web structure in relation to environmental gradients and predator-prey ratios in tank-bromeliad ecosystems. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71735. [PMID: 23977128 PMCID: PMC3743759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known of how linkage patterns between species change along environmental gradients. The small, spatially discrete food webs inhabiting tank-bromeliads provide an excellent opportunity to analyse patterns of community diversity and food-web topology (connectance, linkage density, nestedness) in relation to key environmental variables (habitat size, detrital resource, incident radiation) and predators:prey ratios. We sampled 365 bromeliads in a wide range of understorey environments in French Guiana and used gut contents of invertebrates to draw the corresponding 365 connectance webs. At the bromeliad scale, habitat size (water volume) determined the number of species that constitute food-web nodes, the proportion of predators, and food-web topology. The number of species as well as the proportion of predators within bromeliads declined from open to forested habitats, where the volume of water collected by bromeliads was generally lower because of rainfall interception by the canopy. A core group of microorganisms and generalist detritivores remained relatively constant across environments. This suggests that (i) a highly-connected core ensures food-web stability and key ecosystem functions across environments, and (ii) larger deviations in food-web structures can be expected following disturbance if detritivores share traits that determine responses to environmental changes. While linkage density and nestedness were lower in bromeliads in the forest than in open areas, experiments are needed to confirm a trend for lower food-web stability in the understorey of primary forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Dézerald
- EcoFoG, Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, CNRS UMR 8172, Kourou, France
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