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Peraza Labrador A, Shrestha A, Gonzalez M, Marin NRG, Villacis M, Kesterke M, Lopez JP, Wright J. Recurrence of Glandular Odontogenic Cysts: A Systematic Review. Head Neck Pathol 2024; 18:31. [PMID: 38637356 PMCID: PMC11026356 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-024-01637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a benign developmental cyst of the jaws that is characterized by a high recurrence rate. METHODS A systematic review is presented of reported cases, case series, and retrospective studies of recurrent cases of glandular odontogenic cysts, to determine the overall and detailed demographic features with documentation of the specific histologic features of the initial presentation of each cyst. Searches of detailed databases were carried out to identify articles published in the English language from 1988 to 2023. The variables were demographics, patient symptoms, cyst location, radiographic features, histopathological findings, type of treatment, and minimum eight months of follow-up. RESULTS Eighteen cases were identified: with an equal gender presentation of 50% females and 50% males. The average age was 44.7. The mean size was 3.5 cm. The most common location was in the anterior mandible in 50% (n = 9) of cases, followed by the posterior mandible 27.8% (n = 5). Most patients were asymptomatic 55.6% (n = 10). The most common histologic features at first diagnosis were mucous cells in 88.9% (n = 16), variable thickness with 83.3% (n = 15), eosinophilic cuboidal cells 88.9% (n = 16), microcysts 83.3% (n = 15), and clear cells 77.8% (n = 14) cases. CONCLUSION GOC has an aggressive behavior. Evidence was not conclusive to link any single or combination of histologic features to recurrence, and the strongest correlation for recurrence was the type of treatment. Since this is an uncommon cyst, more cases are needed. Follow-up should continue for at least five years, because recurrences were higher between years 3 and 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Peraza Labrador
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.
- , Acarigua, Portuguesa, 3303, Venezuela.
| | - Ashim Shrestha
- University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Rd, Weste Haven, Connecticut, 06516, USA
| | - Marianela Gonzalez
- Oral Surgery Department, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | | | - Marcelo Villacis
- Oral Surgery Department, International University of Ecuador, Jorge Fernández S/N, Quito, 170411, Ecuador
| | - Mathew Kesterke
- Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Room 718, 3302, Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Lopez
- Oral Surgery Department, Hospital Fundación Santa Fe Bogota, Carrera 7Ma Numero 117-15, Bogota, Colombia
| | - John Wright
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
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Jot K, Nayyar V, Surya V, Kakkar A, Satapathy S, Roychoudhury A, Mishra D. Assessment of MUC5AC and MUC2 Immunoexpression in Glandular Odontogenic Cysts, Dentigerous Cysts, and Mucoepidermoid Carcinomas. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2024; 32:183-188. [PMID: 38478391 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cysts (GOCs) and dentigerous cysts may show mucous metaplasia. Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma is very rare and mostly associated with dental cysts. It is hypothesized that odontogenic cysts showing mucus differentiation in their lining, have a propensity to transform into MEC. The present study is the first attempt to explore the relationship between odontogenic cysts [GOCs and dentigerous cysts with mucus metaplasia (DCMM)] and MEC by evaluating immunoexpression of MUC5AC and MUC2. Immunoexpression of MUC5AC and MUC2 was evaluated semiquantitatively in GOCs (20 cases), DCMMs (20 cases), and MECs (20 cases). The percentage of positive cells, intensity, and localization of immunoexpression were assessed for each marker in all cases. Of GOCs, DCMMs, and MECs cases, 85%, 70%, and 80%, respectively, were immunopositive for MUC5AC. Strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for MUC5AC was noted, particularly in mucous cells present diffusely within MECs. However, the immunoreactivity was limited to the epithelial lining of GOCs and DCMMs. Most of the MECs (60%) showed more than 25% positivity for MUC5AC, followed by GOCs, and the least in DMMCs. Mild cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity of MUC2 was noted only in epithelial lining cells of 70% GOCs and 45% DCMMs. Whereas, 55% of MECs displayed moderate to strong cytoplasmic and membranous immunopositivity for MUC2 exclusively within mucous cells. As MECs showed strong MUC5AC immunoreactivity in mucous cells, immunoexpression of MUC5AC in odontogenic cysts with mucus cells can possibly explain the pathogenesis of MEC from cysts. However, the variable expression of MUC2 did not give any strong evidence regarding its role as a marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Jot
- Departments of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research
| | - Vivek Nayyar
- Departments of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research
| | - Varun Surya
- Departments of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research
| | - Aanchal Kakkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences
| | | | - Ajoy Roychoudhury
- Department of Oral and maxillofacial Surgery, Centre for Dental Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Mishra
- Departments of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research
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Summersgill KF. Pediatric Oral Pathology: Odontogenic Cysts. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2023; 26:609-620. [PMID: 37212213 DOI: 10.1177/10935266231176245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cysts encountered in the head and neck typically arise from epithelium that would normally be programmed to form teeth or tooth-supporting structures (odontogenic epithelium). These cysts come with a confusing array of similar-sounding names and histopathologic features that are sometimes shared between conditions. Here we describe and contrast the relatively-common lesions: hyperplastic dental follicle, dentigerous cyst, radicular cyst, buccal bifurcation cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, glandular odontogenic cyst, and the less-common gingival cyst of the new-born and thyroglossal duct cyst. The goal of this review is to help clarify and simplify these lesions for the general pathologist, pediatric pathologist, and surgeon.
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Gorgis R, Christian Krarup SA, Reibel J, Nørholt SE. Glandular Odontogenic Cyst: a Case Report and Literature Review. J Oral Maxillofac Res 2023; 14:e4. [PMID: 37521326 PMCID: PMC10382194 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2023.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The glandular odontogenic cyst is now a well-known entity comprising < 0.5% of all odontogenic cysts with a recent review tabulating about 200 cases in the English literature. Glandular odontogenic cyst shows epithelial features that simulate salivary gland or glandular differentiation. The importance of glandular odontogenic cyst relates to the fact that it has a high recurrence rate and shares overlapping histologic features with central mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The purpose of this paper is to describe the clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of a case of glandular odontogenic cyst with the course of treatment and 9-years follow-up, followed by a review of the literature. Methods A 63-year-old male was referred for further investigation of a mandibular radiolucency observed by his general dental practitioner. The main complaint was a murmuring sensation in the lower jaw right side. Radiological examination revealed a well-defined, unilocular, radiolucent lesion, involving the right mandible with 17 and 68 mm in mediolaterally and anteroposterior dimension, respectively. Results A total enucleation of the cystic lesion and surgical extraction of tooth #46, #47 and #48, was performed under local anaesthesia. Histopathologic examination revealed a glandular odontogenic cyst. Conclusions Glandular odontogenic cyst shows no pathognomonic clinico-radiographic characteristics, and therefore in many cases it resembles a wide spectrum of lesions. Diagnosis can be extremely difficult due to histopathological similarities with dentigerous cyst, lateral periodontal cyst and central mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Therefore a careful histopathological examination and a long-term follow-up (preferably seven years) are required to rule out recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romario Gorgis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, AarhusDenmark.
- Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Institute of Odontology and Oral Health, Aarhus University, AarhusDenmark.
| | | | - Jesper Reibel
- Section of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, CopenhagenDenmark.
| | - Sven Erik Nørholt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, AarhusDenmark.
- Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Institute of Odontology and Oral Health, Aarhus University, AarhusDenmark.
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Nel C, Robinson L, Roza ALOC, Ker-Fox J, Gomes NR, Fonseca FP, Santos-Silva AR, Romañach MJ, Vargas PA, van Heerden WF. Clinical and radiologic spectrum of glandular odontogenic cysts: A multicenter study of 92 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022; 133:593-603. [PMID: 35065903 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this multicenter retrospective study was to report the clinical and radiologic features of 92 glandular odontogenic cysts (GOCs) diagnosed over a 20-year period. STUDY DESIGN Histologically confirmed cases of GOC were retrospectively reviewed from 4 oral pathology laboratories in South Africa and Brazil to categorize the clinical and radiologic spectrum of GOCs. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 46 years (range 17-87) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. GOCs had a mandibular predilection (68%), with 42% of all cases located anteriorly. Additionally, 42% of cases crossed the midline. Radiologically, most lesions were unilocular (53%) and uniformly radiolucent (97%), with well-demarcated borders (93%). Cortical expansion (62%), loss of cortical integrity (71%), and maxillary sinus (67%) and nasal cavity encroachment (72%) were common findings. Significant differences in lesions between the 2 countries were discovered in sex predilection, clinical signs and symptoms, and lesion locations within the mandible and maxilla. CONCLUSION GOCs present with a wide spectrum of clinical and radiologic features, ranging from cysts with typical GOC-like presentations to more aggressive lesions. The need for advanced imaging in the surgical planning of GOCs exhibiting radiologic signs of aggression is justified based on the high recurrence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chané Nel
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Liam Robinson
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Jason Ker-Fox
- Department of Financial Management. Faculty of Economics and Management Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nathália Rodrigues Gomes
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alan Roger Santos-Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mário José Romañach
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willie Fp van Heerden
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Glandular Odontogenic Cyst Associated with Odontoma: A Rare Case Report. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2022; 21:68-72. [PMID: 35400934 PMCID: PMC8934886 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-020-01360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an extremely rare developmental jawbone cyst, tending to recurrence owing to its aggressive behavior. There has been no reported case of presence of GOC simultaneous with odontoma. We presented a case of GOC associated with odontoma with special reference to the diagnostic imaging and the histopathological features. Case Presentation A 42-year-old Chinese man presented with swelling and pain in the anterior mandible for the past 3 months. Panoramic scan showed a large multiocular well-circumscribed radiolucency accompanied by toothlike morphological abnormality. Histological findings confirmed a GOC associated with odontoma. Conclusion This case demonstrates GOC with multiple clinical spectrum, and its association with odontoma might enhance the existing knowledge of this rare jawbone cyst.
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da Silva KD, Gomes APN, Balbinot KM, Sena YR, Mosconi C, de Mendonça EF, Tarquinio SBC, de Melo Alves Junior S, de Jesus Viana Pinheiro J, Ferreira de Aguiar MC. Glandular odontogenic cysts: a collaborative investigation of 22 cases and proteins related to invasiveness. J Oral Pathol Med 2022; 51:342-349. [PMID: 35122318 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A glandular odontogenic cyst has an intriguing, aggressive behaviour whose mechanisms have not yet been clarified. OBJECTIVE To conduct a collaborative cross-sectional study on the clinical, demographic, microscopic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of glandular odontogenic cysts, emphasizing the histopathological characteristics and expression of proteins related to invasiveness. METHODS Twenty-two cases of glandular odontogenic cyst from three oral and maxillofacial pathology services in Brazil were selected from 1988 to 2018. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Histopathological features were evaluated in detail. Sixteen cases of glandular odontogenic cyst were also submitted to immunohistochemistry to detect MT1-MMP, TKS4, TKS5, and cortactin, the key regulators of invadopodia formation. RESULTS GOCs were primarily seen in men over 40 years of age, in the posterior mandible and the anterior maxilla as a unilocular, radiolucent lesion. All cases presented hobnail cells, clear cells, and variable thickness of the lining epithelium, three of the ten key histopathological parameters to be evaluated in glandular odontogenic cysts. Immunohistochemistry revealed a greater expression of the studied proteins in the glandular odontogenic cysts than in the controls (p <0.0001). CONCLUSION Overexpression of proteins that regulate cell invasiveness was identified, and the present study's findings suggest that invadopodia activity is a possible mechanism used by glandular odontogenic cysts to promote local invasion, which could partly explain its intriguing biological behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Duarte da Silva
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Neutzling Gomes
- Department of Semiology and Clinics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karolyny Martins Balbinot
- Laboratory of Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Pará. Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Mosconi
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás. Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Beatriz Chaves Tarquinio
- Department of Semiology and Clinics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - João de Jesus Viana Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Pará. Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Maria Cássia Ferreira de Aguiar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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M S, Periasamy S, Kumar SP, Thota R. Glandular Odontogenic Cyst: A Diagnostic and Management Dilemma. Cureus 2021; 13:e20701. [PMID: 35106238 PMCID: PMC8788895 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Natarajan S, Vichare S, Baviskar P, Ahuja S, Vathare P. Glandular odontogenic cyst mimickers: A review and report of two cases. JOURNAL OF MAHATMA GANDHI INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jmgims.jmgims_14_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Arora G, Kumar J, Singh M, Kumar S. Glandular odontogenic cyst of anterior maxilla - A rare case report. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2021; 11:321-324. [PMID: 35265507 PMCID: PMC8848708 DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_83_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare type of cyst of the jaws, which shares histological features with that of lateral periodontal cyst, botryoid cyst, radicular cyst with mucous metaplasia, or low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, making it difficult to come to a definitive diagnosis. Not many cases of GOC have been reported in the literature. Patient Concerns: A 40-year-old male patient presented with pain in the upper right front tooth region. Mild extraoral swelling, obliterating the right nasolabial fold, was present. Tenderness on percussion was present in involved teeth. Diagnosis: On histopathological examination, GOC was confirmed featuring pseudostratified columnar cells with cilia, goblet cells, and mucous cells. Treatment: Complete enucleation of the cyst was done. Outcomes: No recurrence was noted on 1-year follow-up. Take-away Lessons: Due to high recurrence rate and aggressive nature of the cyst, it is important to plan proper management and long-term follow-up.
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Gunasekaran N, Krishnan R, Krishnan R. Glandular odontogenic cyst: A case report of an unusual lesion. JOURNAL OF MAHATMA GANDHI INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jmgims.jmgims_133_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Sreekumar VN, Salim S, Cherian SK, John R. A vacillating swelling in maxillary anterior region-Diagnostic challenges and management. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2020; 11:292-297. [PMID: 33897198 PMCID: PMC8051655 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_84_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In most of the cystic lesions appearing in the oral cavity, proper diagnosis and treatment remains a challenge. As glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare type of developmental odontogenic cyst, it was not included in our differential diagnosis. The report of GOC was quite surprising as it was rare and never came in this discussion. A 25-year-old male patient was reported to our center with a chief complaint of painless swelling in the right anterior region of the maxilla. The swelling was oval shaped and diffuse extending from the distal aspect of 11 to the mesial aspect of 14 and superiorly extending into the sulcus. Working diagnosis was a periapical cyst, so conventional treatment of root canal treatment, cyst enucleation, and apicoectomy was done. This article presents a rare case which was primarily misdiagnosed and treated and has been subsequently revealed histopathologically as a rare clinicopathological entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Nair Sreekumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Shiad Salim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sangeeth K Cherian
- Department of Prosthodontics, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Kerala, India
| | - Richie John
- General Practitioner, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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13
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Crane H, Karbhari B, Hughes D, Orr R, Brierley D. Glandular Odontogenic Cyst with Metaplastic Cartilage: Report of an Unusual Case and Literature Review. Head Neck Pathol 2020; 15:1041-1046. [PMID: 33104949 PMCID: PMC8384936 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cysts are rare odontogenic cysts with a wide range of histopathological features. In this paper we describe the clinical and pathological features of an unusual case of a glandular odontogenic cyst with metaplastic cartilage. The previous literature of odontogenic cysts presenting with metaplastic cartilage is reviewed alongside a discussion of the differential diagnoses. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of a glandular odontogenic cyst with metaplastic cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Crane
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, UK
| | - Bhavesh Karbhari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chesterfield Royal Hospital, Chesterfield, UK
| | - David Hughes
- Department of Histopathology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robert Orr
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chesterfield Royal Hospital, Chesterfield, UK
| | - Daniel Brierley
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, UK
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14
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Martins-Chaves RR, Granucci M, Gomez RS, Henriques de Castro W. Glandular Odontogenic Cyst-A Case Series. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 79:1062-1068. [PMID: 33212035 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an uncommon jawbone cyst with a challenging diagnosis because of the presence of several clinical and histopathologic overlaps with other odontogenic lesions and central mucoepidermoid carcinoma. To date, less than 200 cases of GOC have been published in the literature with reliable clinical and histopathologic information. Furthermore, the lack of a well-documented GOC case series impairs a more detailed understanding about the biological behavior and appropriate management of the lesion. Therefore, in this study, we report 3 well-documented cases of GOC in the literature. In one of the cases, the incisional biopsy was misdiagnosed as a dentigerous cyst, and the lesion recurred. Therefore, we also discuss key points regarding the diagnosis and treatment of GOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rayra Martins-Chaves
- PhD student in Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana Granucci
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Resident, Clinics Hospital, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Professor, Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Wagner Henriques de Castro
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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15
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Siozopoulou V, Vanhoenacker FM. World Health Organization Classification of Odontogenic Tumors and Imaging Approach of Jaw Lesions. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2020; 24:535-548. [PMID: 33036041 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumors of the jaws represent a heterogeneous group of lesions that are classified histologically in the World Health Organization Classification of Odontogenic Tumors (2017). This article provides an update of the current nomenclature. The main role of imaging is to describe the precise location and extent of these lesions. Although characterization of imaging is often difficult due to overlapping characteristics, imaging is helpful to define which lesions should be referred for histologic examination and subsequent treatment planning. Location and density are the cardinal criteria for potential characterization on imaging. Radiologically, lesions may be radiolucent, radiopaque, or of mixed density. Additional criteria include lesion demarcation, morphology, cortical breakthrough, periosteal reaction, and adjacent soft tissue changes. Final lesion characterization is only definitive after interdisciplinary discussion and radiopathologic correlation. Correct diagnosis is obtained by a combination of the patient's age, lesion location, and clinical and radiologic presentation. It is important that all physicians use a uniform nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Siozopoulou
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital and Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Filip M Vanhoenacker
- Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital and Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Radiology, AZ Sint-Maarten, Mechelen, Belgium.,Department of Radiology and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Plackal JJ, Sylesh RN, Mammootty Safiya NA, Wasan B, Ramaiah A, Kuntamukkula VKS. Gardner's Cyst Enswathing the Maxillary Antrum: Report of A Rare Case and Review of Literature. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2019; 9:652-658. [PMID: 32039087 PMCID: PMC6905317 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_210_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) was named so by Gardner and the credit of discovery can be attributed to the work of Padayachee and Van Wyk (1987). The incidence of GOC is said to be between 0.012% and 1.3%. Even so, a little over 100 cases are reported in English literature. Mandible is more commonly affected than maxilla (20%) with almost 80% cases reported, with an anterior predilection. Even though GOC affecting maxilla is discussed in the literature, to the best of our ability, we could find that, in India, less than five cases affecting the maxillary sinus is ever reported, with none explaining about such a huge cyst that has encompassed the whole of the ipsilateral maxillary sinus. The aim to publish this case report was to understand the rarity in pathology, which GOC encompasses. Such rare cases if reported need to be published for the knowledge, prompt diagnosis, and appropriate treatment planning. Any pathology in the head and neck region should be seen with an eagle’s eye for appropriate management to increase patients’ quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Plackal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KVG Dental College and Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India
| | - R Nithin Sylesh
- Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, RNS Dental Clinic, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Bharti Wasan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guru Nanak Dev Dental College and Research Institute, Sunam, Punjab, India
| | - Arun Ramaiah
- Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Cleft and Craniofacial Centre, St. Thomas Hospital, Chengannur, Kerala, India
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Glandular Odontogenic Cyst in Dentigerous Relationship: An Uncommon Case Report. Case Rep Dent 2019; 2019:8647158. [PMID: 31355014 PMCID: PMC6637709 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8647158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an uncommon cyst of the jaw. Less than 200 cases are reported in the literature, and only 22 cases are associated with an unerupted tooth (dentigerous relationship). Although it is an asymptomatic lesion, it can be destructive and has high recurrence rates. The diagnosis can be especially challenging due to the lack of distinct diagnostic clinic-radiological criteria and nonspecific microscopic features, mimicking benign and malignant lesions. Conservative surgical treatment has been the choice for most surgeons, but marginal or partial jaw resection has been reported. This report describes a rare case of GOC in a dentigerous relationship, which was treated with enucleation and peripheral osteotomy.
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Menditti D, Laino L, DI Domenico M, Troiano G, Guglielmotti M, Sava S, Mezzogiorno A, Baldi A. Cysts and Pseudocysts of the Oral Cavity: Revision of the Literature and a New Proposed Classification. In Vivo 2018; 32:999-1007. [PMID: 30150421 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This article includes a comprehensive and up-to-date review on the cysts of the oral cavity. Several classifications of odontogenic (OC) and non-odontogenic (non-OC) oral cysts and the surrounding regions have been proposed. We suggest a new critical classification based on an established relationship between anatomical area, histological origin and clinical behavior (frequency, rate of recurrence, malignant potential). Moreover, the differential cytokeratin (CKs) expression of the various cysts is reported as epithelium-specific markers of differential diagnosis. Finally, issues related to differential diagnosis and therapeutic approaches of the cysts included in the two groups are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardo Menditti
- Department of Dentistry, Orthodontics and Oral Surgery, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Laino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina DI Domenico
- Department of General Pathology and Biochemistry, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Guglielmotti
- Department of Dentistry, Orthodontics and Oral Surgery, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Sava
- Department of Dentistry, Orthodontics and Oral Surgery, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Mezzogiorno
- Department of Mental Health and Physics, Preventive Medicine, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Baldi
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
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19
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Siqueira ECD, de Sousa SF, França JA, Diniz MG, Pereira TDSF, Moreira RG, Vargas PA, Gomez RS, Gomes CC. Targeted next-generation sequencing of glandular odontogenic cyst: a preliminary study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017; 124:490-494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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de Freitas Silva BS, Yamamoto-Silva FP, Sena-Filho M, Silva Sant’Ana SS, Mariano-Júnior WJ, de Almeida OP, Estrela C. 20-year Follow-up of Recurrent Glandular Odontogenic Cyst Mimicking a Periapical Lesion. J Endod 2017; 43:1915-1920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Chrcanovic BR, Gomez RS. Glandular odontogenic cyst: An updated analysis of 169 cases reported in the literature. Oral Dis 2017; 24:717-724. [PMID: 28744957 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B R Chrcanovic
- Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - R S Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
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22
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Kurien NM, Kumar LKS, Uma PB, Vivek V, Joseph AP. An extensive swelling in the anterior mandible - A case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 21:30-33. [PMID: 28761644 PMCID: PMC5524314 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glandular odontogenic cyst is a rare developmental odontogenic cyst, which often pose a challenge to diagnose it clinically. PRESENTATION OF A CASE A 32 year old female patient was referred to the oral and maxillofacial surgery department with a chief complaint of a painless swelling in the anterior mandible, extending from mandibular left premolar to right first molar region, with fluctuancy and egg shell crackling at right premolar region. The associated teeth were firm. Radio graphically a large radiolucent lesion was seen extending from mandibular left premolar to right first molar region. DISCUSSION We had many differential diagnoses including keratocystic odontogenic tumour, ameloblastoma and radicular cyst. Incisional biopsy was taken from the most fluctuant area, which was histopathologically suggestive of glandular odontogenic cyst. Enucleation of the cyst, peripheral ostectomy, extraction of teeth and Carnoy's solution application were done under general anaesthesia. CONCLUSION We often neglect to include uncommon lesions in the differential diagnosis, which may lead to inadequacy in the management protocol. Whenever possible, incisional biopsy should be performed to confirm the lesion before surgical enucleation. Here we present a case in which we were fortunate enough to diagnose the lesion by an incisional biopsy and managed according to the standard protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil M Kurien
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, PMS Dental College, Vattappara, Trivandrum, India
| | - L K Surej Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, PMS Dental College, Vattappara, Trivandrum, India
| | - P B Uma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, PMS Dental College, Vattappara, Trivandrum, India
| | - V Vivek
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, PMS Dental College, Vattappara, Trivandrum, India
| | - Anna P Joseph
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, PMS Dental College, Vattappara, Trivandrum, India
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Cousin T, Bobek S, Oda D. Glandular odontogenic cyst associated with ameloblastoma: Case report and review of the literature. J Clin Exp Dent 2017. [PMID: 28638564 PMCID: PMC5474343 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) associated with ameloblastoma is an exceedingly rare histologic presentation with no known clinical significance or treatment applications. Four cases have been reported, three in the mandible and one in the maxilla. The age range is 14-65 and with male predilection. All four presented with swellings and two with pain. We add one more case to the literature of a 58-year old male presenting with an expansile multilocular radiolucency between teeth #19-23. The ameloblastomatous changes in this case are consistent with those of a unicystic ameloblastoma-mural subtype. Although the histologic changes are those of a unicystic ameloblastoma, the clinical and radiographic findings are not. This case therefore presents a clinical challenge with regards to treatment planning for recurrence and prognosis. We conclude that treatment for GOC therefore be based on individual clinical presentation.
Key words:Glandular odontogenic cyst, GOC, ameloblastoma, unicystic ameloblastoma, mural unicystic ameloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Cousin
- DDS candidate. University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle WA USA
| | - Samuel Bobek
- MD, DMD. Swedish Hospital Maxillofacial Surgery, Seattle WA USA
| | - Dolphine Oda
- BDS, MSc. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle WA USA
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24
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Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an uncommon and aggressive jaw cyst with a high recurrence rate. It may grow into a large size. Diagnosis of the cyst is challenging since it may be confused with some other jaw cysts and malignancies. Treatment methods vary from conservative surgery to radical bone resection. In this case series, we briefly present five cases of GOC diagnosed and treated at our clinic. Thorough histopathological diagnosis and long-term follow-up are necessary in patients with GOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Gurler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Humam Al-Ghamian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nihan Aksakalli
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Oncological Cytology, Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cagri Delilbasi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Surej Kumar LK, Manuel S, Nair BJ, Nair S V. An ambiguous asymptomatic swelling in the maxillary anterior region-A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2016; 23:65-9. [PMID: 27093689 PMCID: PMC4855790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present a case which was initially misdiagnosed and mismanaged but on subsequent histopathologic examination revealed the final diagnosis. It is time to rethink whether the previously neglected periapical cyst were also GOC?
Introduction Glandular odontogenic cyst is a rare and recently recognized type of developmental odontogenic cyst. Being odontogenic in origin, because of the pluripotentiality of the odontogenic epithelium it can show glandular or salivary features. Presentation of a case A 46 year old female patient was referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department with chief complaint of painless swelling in the right anterior region of maxilla, radiographically associated with teeth 12, 13. Mucosa over the swelling was slightly bluish in colour and no associated palatal swelling was seen. No incidence of trauma was reported and involved teeth were not mobile. Discussion Although we have many differential diagnoses, our working diagnosis was a periapical cyst, so conventional treatment of root canal treatment, cyst enucleation, and apicoectomy was planned. Conclusion Here we present a case which was initially misdiagnosed and mismanaged but on subsequent histopathologic examination revealed the final diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Surej Kumar
- Professor and HOD, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, P.M.S Dental College, Vattapara, Trivandrum, India.
| | - Suvy Manuel
- Additional Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, P.M.S Dental College, Vattapara, Trivandrum, India.
| | - Bindu J Nair
- Professor and HOD, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, P.M.S Dental College, Vattapara, Trivandrum, India.
| | - Vinod Nair S
- Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, P.M.S Dental College, Vattapara, Trivandrum, India.
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26
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Treatment of Maxillary Glandular Odontogenic Cyst Involving the Same Place of Previously Treated Traumatic Bone Cyst. J Craniofac Surg 2016; 27:e150-3. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000002396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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27
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Abstract
This article presents various odontogenic cysts and tumors, including periapical cysts, dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts, lateral periodontal cysts, glandular odontogenic cysts, ameloblastomas, clear cell odontogenic carcinomas, adenomatoid odontogenic tumors, calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors, squamous odontogenic tumors, ameloblastic fibromas, ameloblastic fibro-odontomas, odontomas, calcifying cystic odontogenic tumors, and odontogenic myxomas. The authors provide an overview of these cysts and tumors, with microsopic features, gross features, differential diagnosis, prognosis, and potential diagnostic pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Chi
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 507, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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28
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Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare and uncommon jaw bone cyst of odontogenic origin described in 1987 by Gardener et al. as a distinct entity. It is a cyst having an unpredictable, potentially aggressive behavior, and has the propensity to grow in large size with relatively high recurrence rate. It poses a diagnostic challenge as it can be clinically and histopathologically confused with lateral periodontal cyst, botryoid odontogenic cyst, radicular and residual cysts with mucous metaplasia, and low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The present case report describes GOC in both male and female patients with intra-oral swelling following extraction of 36 and 46, respectively. Careful histopathological examination is needed to diagnose GOC, and a careful long-term follow-up is advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amisha A. Shah
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Azam Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amit Sangle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Azam Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Smita Bussari
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saraswati Dhanwantri Dental College, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajit V. Koshy
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Azam Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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29
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Barrett A, Abdullakutty A, Norris P, Coombes D, Shelley M, Bisase B, Vanecek T, Skálová A. Molecular diagnostics in the differential diagnosis of glandular odontogenic cyst and mucoepidermoid carcinoma - case reports. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ors.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A.W. Barrett
- Queen Victoria Hospital NHSF Trust; East Grinstead West Sussex UK
| | - A. Abdullakutty
- Queen Victoria Hospital NHSF Trust; East Grinstead West Sussex UK
| | - P.M. Norris
- Queen Victoria Hospital NHSF Trust; East Grinstead West Sussex UK
| | - D.M. Coombes
- Queen Victoria Hospital NHSF Trust; East Grinstead West Sussex UK
| | - M.J. Shelley
- Queen Victoria Hospital NHSF Trust; East Grinstead West Sussex UK
| | - B.S. Bisase
- Queen Victoria Hospital NHSF Trust; East Grinstead West Sussex UK
| | - T. Vanecek
- Bioptic Laboratory Ltd.; Molecular Genetics Laboratory; Plzen Czech Republic
| | - A. Skálová
- Department of Pathology; Charles University (Prague); Faculty of Medicine; Plzen Czech Republic
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30
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Faisal M, Ahmad SA, Ansari U. Glandular odontogenic cyst - Literature review and report of a paediatric case. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2015; 5:219-25. [PMID: 26587384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an extremely rare lesion occurring in the jawbones. The present paper is a review of 181 cases of GOCs reported in English literature, since it was first reported by Padayache and Van Wyk in 1987. Mandible was involved in 130 cases and maxilla in 51 cases. Anterior mandible was the most common area of involvement. Radiographic appearance was that of a unilocular radiolucency in 98 of 176 reported cases. Rest presented as multilocular radiolucency. Cortical expansion was observed in 136 of the 180 reported cases while cortex breach or perforation was seen in 81 cases. The treatment of choice was that of minor procedures that included enucleation with or without curettage, peripheral ostectomy, cryotherapy, etc. in 157 of the total 177 reported cases. Marginal jaw resection, segmental mandibulectomy etc. was reported in 20 cases. Although minor surgical procedures were the treatment of choice in most studies, two major studies of Kaplan et al. and Fowler et al. involving 111 and 46 cases, recorded a recurrence rate of 35.9 and 19.6%, respectively. The age range was between 11 and 82 years. The respective mean age of patients in the above mentioned studies was 45.7 for Kaplan's and 51 years for Fowler's whereas in our study, the mean age was 45.9 years. Very rarely does GOC presents itself in a paediatric patient. The paper also reports a case of an 11-year-old child whose histopathogy came out to be a case of a GOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faisal
- Associate Professor, A Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Ansar Ahmad
- Assistant Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Uzma Ansari
- Resident, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
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31
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Momeni Roochi M, Tavakoli I, Ghazi FM, Tavakoli A. Case series and review of glandular odontogenic cyst with emphasis on treatment modalities. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015; 43:746-50. [PMID: 25971944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cyst is a newly determined jaw entity with aggressive behavior and a high rate of recurrence. There is histopathologic resemblance to other lesions of the jaw such as intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Although enucleation and curettage are not the treatment of choice for this cystic lesion, they comprise the most common method. On the other hand, filling the defect is a controversial matter, especially in lesions with large size. We introduce 4 cases of GOC, of which 2 are cases of recurrence. We applied bone material substitutes in 3 of these cases with success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoush Momeni Roochi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Tavakoli
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Mojgan Ghazi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Tavakoli
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
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32
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Raju SP, Reddy SP, Ananthnag J. Glandular odontogenic cyst of the anterior mandible. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 7:65-9. [PMID: 25789251 PMCID: PMC4358051 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.152081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Context: Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare cyst occurring in the middle-age people with mandibular anterior as the common site of occurrence. Case Report: We report a case of massive GOC in a 65-year-old female with an emphasis on its clinical course, histological features, and treatment modalities. Conclusion: The aggressiveness and recurrences of GOC warrants clinicians for the careful examination, treatment, and long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sridhar Padala Reddy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, India
| | - Jakkula Ananthnag
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lenora Dental College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Bilodeau EA, Prasad JL, Alawi F, Seethala RR. Molecular and genetic aspects of odontogenic lesions. Head Neck Pathol 2014; 8:400-10. [PMID: 25409852 PMCID: PMC4245404 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-014-0588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this article we outline the molecular findings of select odontogenic tumors. In each section, we briefly review selected the clinicoradiographic, histologic, immunologic features, focusing on the molecular findings and their applications in practice. The understanding of molecular pathobiology at various other organ sites has developed quite rapidly in recent years, however much remains unknown about the genetic profile of odontogenic tumors. Improved understanding of mutations in odontogenic tumors may clarify classification schema and elucidate targets for novel therapies. Molecular testing will no doubt improve our understanding of odontogenic tumor pathogenesis and will likely be, someday, an important component of routine clinical practice and its role will only increase in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Bilodeau
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA,
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34
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Purohit S, Shah V, Bhakhar V, Harsh A. Glandular odontogenic cyst in maxilla: A case report and literature review. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2014; 18:320-3. [PMID: 25328322 PMCID: PMC4196310 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.140923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an uncommon jaw bone cyst of odontogenic origin described in 1987 by Gardner et al. It is a cyst having an unpredictable and potentially aggressive behavior. The increased recurrence rate can be due to its multilocularity and incomplete removal of the lining following conservative treatment. Clinically, the most common site of occurrence is the anterior region of mandible. GOC has a slight male predilection and occurs primarily in middle-aged patients. This article presents a case of glandular odontogenic cyst in a 30-year-old female patient in the posterior region of the maxilla, which is quite rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Purohit
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Jodhpur Dental College and General Hospital, Boranada, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vandana Shah
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Vikas Bhakhar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashutosh Harsh
- Department of Dentistry, Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College and Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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35
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Lee BD, Lee W, Kwon KH, Choi MK, Choi EJ, Yoon JH. Glandular odontogenic cyst mimicking ameloblastoma in a 78-year-old female: A case report. Imaging Sci Dent 2014; 44:249-52. [PMID: 25279347 PMCID: PMC4182361 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2014.44.3.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare, potentially aggressive jaw lesion. The common radiographic features include a well-defined radiolucency with distinct borders, presenting a uni- or multilocular appearance. A cystic lesion in the posterior mandible of a 78-year-old female was incidentally found. Radiographs showed a unilocular lesion with a scalloped margin, external root resorption of the adjacent tooth, and cortical perforation. This lesion had changed from a small ovoid shape to a more expanded lesion in a period of four years. The small lesion showed unilocularity with a smooth margin and a well-defined border, but the expanded lesion produced cortical perforation and a lobulated margin. The provisional diagnosis was an ameloblastoma, whereas the histopathological examination revealed a GOC. This was a quite rare case, given that this radiographic change was observed in the posterior mandible of an elderly female. This case showed that a GOC can grow even in people in their seventies, changing from the unilocular form to an expanded, lobulated lesion. Here, we report a case of GOC with characteristic radiographic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Do Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Wonkwang Dental Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Wan Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Wonkwang Dental Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Moon-Ki Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea
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36
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Bilateral glandular odontogenic cyst of mandible: a rare occurrence. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2014; 14:443-7. [PMID: 25848155 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-014-0668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cysts (GOCs) of the jaw are rare with well-defined limits radiologically, unusual histopathological features and a high recurrence rate. The radiographic appearance of GOCs vary and are not pathognomonic. Definitive diagnosis of the GOC is established only by histopathological examinations. Histologically, GOC is characterized by a thin nonkeratinized squamous epithelial lining, with papillary projections, nodular thickenings, mucous (goblet) cells with intraepithelial mucous pools and intraepithelial glandular, microcystic or duct-like structures. We present an unusual case of a bilateral GOC in the mandible. This case report is also the first documented case of bilateral GOC in the mandible.
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Bishop JA, Yonescu R, Batista D, Warnock GR, Westra WH. Glandular odontogenic cysts (GOCs) lack MAML2 rearrangements: a finding to discredit the putative nature of GOC as a precursor to central mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol 2014; 8:287-90. [PMID: 24647913 PMCID: PMC4126918 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-014-0534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a cyst of the gnathic bones that is characterized by squamous and glandular differentiation. The histopathologic features of GOC overlap considerably with central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), suggesting that GOC could be a precursor lesion to, or even a low-grade form of, central MEC. Differentiating the two lesions may be difficult or impossible on a limited biopsy. MAML2 rearrangements have been recently found to be specific for MEC, even those arising in the jaws. An analysis of MAML2 in GOCs could help clarify its relationship with central MEC. Tissue blocks from 21 GOCs and 5 central MECs were retrieved from the surgical pathology archives of The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Each MEC exhibited solid areas and clear-cut stromal invasion. In addition, 4 of the MECs demonstrated cystic areas that were histologically similar to GOC. Break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization for MAML2 was performed. For the MECs, analysis was performed on both the solid components and the cystic areas that resembled GOC. MAML2 rearrangements were identified in all 5 of the MECs, but in none of the 21 GOCs (100 vs. 0 %; p < 0.0001, Fisher's Exact). In the MECs, the rearrangement was present in both the solid and GOC-like cystic areas. While central MECs consistently harbor the MAML2 rearrangement, even in low-grade cystic areas that resemble a pre-existing GOC, true GOCs do not. Accordingly, GOC does not appear to represent an early or low-grade form of central MEC, but rather an unrelated lesion. The high sensitivity and specificity of MAML2 rearrangement for MECs points to its utility as a diagnostic adjunct in separating mucinous cystic lesions of the gnathic bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Bishop
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA,
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38
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Abstract
In this short communication, the very rare glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is presented as an independent entity. The GOC is a jawbone cyst of the maxilla and mandible. The typical radiological and histopathological characteristics of the GOC are described. Furthermore, differential diagnoses, current treatment options and the recurrence rates of this of entity are discussed.
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39
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Tambawala SS, Karjodkar FR, Yadav A, Sansare K, Sontakke S. Glandular odontogenic cyst: A case report. Imaging Sci Dent 2014; 44:75-9. [PMID: 24701462 PMCID: PMC3972410 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2014.44.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cysts (GOCs) are rare intrabony solitary or multiloculated cysts of odontogenic origin. The importance of GOCs lies in the fact that they exhibit a propensity for recurrence similar to keratocystic odontogenic tumors and that they may be confused microscopically with central mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Thus, the oral and maxillofacial radiologists play an important role in definitive diagnosis of GOC based on distinctive cases; though they are rare. In large part, this is due to the GOC's complex and frequently non-specific histopathology. This report describes a case of GOC occurrence in the posterior mandibular ramus region in a 17-year-old female, which is a rare combination of site, age, and gender for occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz S Tambawala
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - Freny R Karjodkar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - Archana Yadav
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - Kaustubh Sansare
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - Subodh Sontakke
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
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40
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Mascitti M, Santarelli A, Sabatucci A, Procaccini M, Lo Muzio L, Zizzi A, Rubini C. Glandular odontogenic cyst: review of literature and report of a new case with cytokeratin-19 expression. Open Dent J 2014; 8:1-12. [PMID: 24624237 PMCID: PMC3950754 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601408010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) was a rare jawbone cyst described in 1988 as a distinct entity. This lesion can involve either jaw, and the anterior region of the mandible was the most commonly affected area. Clinical and radiographic findings were not specific, and the diagnosis of GOC can be extremely difficult due to the rarity of this lesion. The cyst presented a wall constituted by fibrous connective tissue and was lined by a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of variable thickness. Large areas of the lining epithelium presented cylinder cells, sometimes ciliated. A variable amount of mucina was occasionally noted. Due to the strong similarities, this cyst can be easily misdiag-nosed as a central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (CMEC). Immunohistochemistry may be an aid in diagnosis; in fact has been demonstrated that there were differences in the expression of cytokeratins (CK) in GOC and CMEC. In this study, we reported a new case of GOC in a 38 year female patient. In addition, we carried out a review of 110 previous cases reported in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mascitti
- Department of Clinic Specialistic and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Santarelli
- Department of Clinic Specialistic and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy ; Institute of Health and Science on Aging INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Sabatucci
- Department of Clinic Specialistic and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Procaccini
- Department of Clinic Specialistic and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy ; Institute of Health and Science on Aging INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Sperimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Zizzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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41
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A case of glandular odontogenic cyst in the mandible treated with the dredging method. Odontology 2014; 103:112-5. [PMID: 24374982 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-013-0143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare odontogenic cyst derived from the odontogenic epithelium. GOC shows unpredictable and potentially aggressive behavior. Although enucleation and curettage are applied in most cases, the recurrence rate remains relatively high. Because a standard care procedure for GOC has not been established, we propose a new treatment procedure for GOC. In this case report, we describe a 62-year-old Japanese woman who suffered from GOC arising at the anterior region of her mandible and who was treated using the dredging method. She underwent enucleation and curettage twice using the dredging method with preservation of the teeth, which were involved with the lesion, but the lesion recurred 2 years later. In addition to enucleation and curettage, apicoectomy of the teeth was performed with a third dredging method procedure, and prognosis has been good with no recurrence for 18 months since the last treatment.
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42
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Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare aggressive developmental cyst of the jaw. It most commonly occurs in middle-aged people with mandible anterior region being the most affected site. This lesion can present as a unilocular or multilocular radiolucency and has high recurrence rate. The histopathologic features of the GOC are complex and often coincide with the features of dentigerous cyst, radicular cyst, and low-grade central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (CMEC). At times, the microscopic features are so similar to central low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma that it becomes highly impossible to distinguish the two entities even with various advanced investigations. The reported case represents one such diagnostic dilemma occurring in the maxilla which is a rare site, and the lesion/s appeared as two distinct entities, that is, GOC and CMEC on either aspects of the same side of maxilla clinically, yet showing continuity on advanced imaging and demonstrating histopathological perplexity.
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43
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Castro-Núñez J, González MD. Maxillary reconstruction with bone transport distraction and implants after partial maxillectomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 71:e137-42. [PMID: 23351767 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2012.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Maxillary and mandibular bone defects can result from injury, congenital defect, or accident, or as a consequence of surgical procedures when treating pathology or defects affecting jaw bones. The glandular odontogenic cyst is an infrequent type of odontogenic cyst that can leave a bony defect after being treated by aggressive surgical means. First described in 1987 by Padayachee and Van Wyk, it is a potentially aggressive entity, having a predisposition to recur when treated conservatively, with only 111 cases having been reported hitherto. Most reports emphasize its clinical, radiographic, and histologic features, including a few considerations on rehabilitation for these patients. The aim of this article is to present the case of a 24-year-old male patient who, in 2001, was diagnosed with a glandular odontogenic cyst and to focus on the surgical approach and rehabilitation scheme. We performed an anterior partial maxillectomy. The osseous defect was treated using bone transport distraction. Dental and occlusal rehabilitation was achieved with titanium implants over transported bone and an implant-supported overdenture. A 9-year follow-up shows no evidence of recurrence of the pathology, adequate shape and amount of bone, functional occlusal and dental rehabilitation, and patient's satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Castro-Núñez
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.
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44
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Abstract
There are essentially six types of aggressive cysts of the jaws that require special attention, so as to avoid recurrence, or even worse, widespread disease. They include, botryoid cysts, cysts in which carcinoma's arise, glandular odontogenic cysts, calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour, previously called calcifying odontogenic cyst and unicystic ameloblastoma and keratocystic odontogenic tumor, previously called odontogenic keratocysts. The estimated incidence of these cysts, based on some review studies has been discussed. The main issue, however, when treating a cyst of the jaws is; how sure can one be that the lesion is benign or potentially aggressive? In order to answer this question it is important to know how these cysts commonly present. The clinical presentation, frequency of occurrence and suggested modes of treatment has been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. W. Stoelinga
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center and University of Maastricht, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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45
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Guruprasad Y, Chauhan DS. Glandular odontogenic cyst of maxilla. J Clin Imaging Sci 2012; 1:54. [PMID: 22267989 PMCID: PMC3261596 DOI: 10.4103/2156-7514.90074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare developmental lesion that is considered a distinct entity because of its uncommon histopathological characteristics. It has morphological similarities to other lesions, which makes its diagnosis challenging for pathologists. It strikes distinct age groups, with an average patient age being 50 years. This lesion can involve either jaw, but the anterior region of the mandible is the most commonly affected area. It exhibits a tendency toward recurrence when conservative treatment is administered. It is believed that the low prevalence of GOC in the literature is due not only to its rarity, but also to the fact that its main characteristics are also found in other pathological entities. We report here radiologic-pathologic features of GOC of the maxilla in a 17-year-old female patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadavalli Guruprasad
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, AME'S Dental College Hospital and Research Centre, Raichur, Karnataka, India
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46
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Glandular odontogenic cyst: analysis of 46 cases with special emphasis on microscopic criteria for diagnosis. Head Neck Pathol 2011; 5:364-75. [PMID: 21915706 PMCID: PMC3210226 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-011-0298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is now a relatively well-known entity with recent reviews indicating over 100 cases reported in the English literature. The GOC's importance relates to the fact that it exhibits a propensity for recurrence similar to the odontogenic keratocyst, and that it may be confused microscopically with central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (CMEC). Numerous histopathologic features for the GOC have been described, but the exact microscopic criteria necessary for diagnosis have not been universally accepted. Furthermore, some of the microscopic features of GOC may also be found in dentigerous, botryoid, radicular, and surgical ciliated cysts. The purpose of this multicenter retrospective study is to further define the clinical, radiographic, and microscopic features of GOC, to determine which microscopic features may be helpful for diagnosis in problematic cases, to determine the most appropriate treatment, and to determine if GOC and CMEC share a histopathologic spectrum. In our series of 46 cases, the mean age at diagnosis was 51 years with 71% of cases in the 5th-7th decades. No gender predilection was noted. 80% of cases occurred in the mandible, and 60% of the lesions involved the anterior regions of the jaws. Swelling/expansion was the most common presenting complaint, although some cases were asymptomatic. Radiographically, most cases presented as a well-defined unilocular or multilocular radiolucency involving the periapical area of multiple teeth. Some lesions displayed a scalloped border. Cases also presented in dentigerous, lateral periodontal, and "globulomaxillary" relationships. The canine area was a common location for maxillary cases. All cases were treated conservatively (enucleation, curettage, cystectomy, excision). Follow-up on 18 cases revealed a recurrence rate of 50% (9/18), with 6 cases recurring more than once (range of follow-up: 2 months to 20 years; average length of follow-up: 8.75 years). The mean interval from initial treatment to first recurrence was 8 years, and from first recurrence to second recurrence was 5.8 years. Two cases recurred three times and the interval from second to third recurrence was 7 years (exact interval only documented in one case). All cases exhibited eosinophilic cuboidal (hobnail) cells, a feature not specific for GOC, but necessary for diagnosis, in our opinion. Univariate analysis indicated several features that are most helpful in distinguishing GOC from GOC mimickers in problematic cases, including: (1) the presence of microcysts (P < 0.0001); (2) epithelial spheres (P < 0.0001); (3) clear cells (P = 0.0002); (4) variable thickness of the epithelial cyst lining (P = 0.0002); and (5) multiple compartments (P = 0.006). Stratified analysis indicated that when microcysts are present, epithelial spheres and multiple compartments are still significant, and clear cells are marginally significant in distinguishing GOCs from GOC mimickers. The presence of microcysts (P = 0.001), clear cells (P = 0.032), and epithelial spheres (P = 0.042) appeared to be most helpful in distinguishing GOC associated with an unerupted tooth from dentigerous cyst with metaplastic changes. There were no statistically significant differences microscopically between GOCs that recurred and those that did not. The presence of 7 or more microscopic parameters was highly predictive of a diagnosis of GOC in our series (P < 0.0001), while the presence of 5 or less microscopic parameters was highly predictive of a non-GOC diagnosis (P < 0.0001). Islands resembling mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC-like islands) were identified in the cyst wall of three cases, only one of which had follow-up (no evidence of disease at 74 mo.); therefore, at this time insufficient information is available to determine whether GOC and CMEC share a histopathologic spectrum or whether MEC-like islands in GOCs are associated with more aggressive or malignant behavior.
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Cano J, Benito DM, Montáns J, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Campo J, Colmenero C. Glandular odontogenic cyst: two high-risk cases treated with conservative approaches. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2011; 40:e131-6. [PMID: 21865053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glandular odontogenic cyst is a rare jawbone cyst that is considered to be an independent entity, although its histopathological characteristics may lead to an incorrect diagnosis as a low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The treatment of glandular odontogenic cysts is controversial. CASE REPORT We present two high-risk cases treated with conservative approaches, one by enucleation and curettage and the other by marsupialisation. This report also presents a review of the clinical and pathological aspects of glandular odontogenic cysts, and considers their development. No evidence of disease was observed after 3 years of follow-up in the two cases presented. CONCLUSIONS When possible, treatment plans for these lesions should be customised for each case, taking into account the data available in the literature and patient preferences. For high-risk cases, that are treated with conservative approaches, such as the two cases presented here, strict and regular controls and rigorous radiological follow-up evaluations are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cano
- Department of Buccofacial Surgery and Medicine (Head: Dr. Gonzalo Hernández-Vallejo MD, PhD), Complutense University, Pza Ramon y Cajal, s/n 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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48
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Prabhu S, Rekha K, Kumar G. Glandular odontogenic cyst mimicking central mucoepidermoid carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2011; 14:12-5. [PMID: 21180452 PMCID: PMC2996005 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.64303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare developmental cyst of the jaws. The most common site of occurrence is the anterior mandible, and it is most commonly seen in middle-aged people. It is a destructive lesion with a high rate of recurrence. A predilection for men is observed. Clinical and radiographic findings are not specific, and it can mimic as any other destructive lesion of the jaw. The histopathological features of GOC and those of low-grade central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) are similar. Often, they are misdiagnosed as MEC. We present a case of GOC in the posterior maxilla, which is a rare site. The similarities and differences between GOC and central MEC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeendra Prabhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SDM College of Dental Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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49
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Siponen M, Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM. Multifocal lateral periodontal cysts: a report of 4 cases and review of the literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 111:225-33. [PMID: 21237438 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lateral periodontal cyst (LPC) is a developmental jaw cyst of odontogenic origin. It has characteristic histopathologic features that are identical to those seen in the peripherally occurring gingival cyst of adults (GCA). The polycystic variant of LPC is termed the botryoid odontogenic cyst (BOC). The histogenetic origin of LPC is probably the rests of dental lamina in the alveolar bone. In the case of BOC, it might be that several adjacent epithelial rests simultaneously undergo cystic change and eventually form a polycystic lesion. Few previous examples of multifocal occurrence of LPC can be found in the literature. We report an additional 4 patients with this rare presentation of multiple, separate LPCs, and review the literature on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Siponen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
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50
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Araújo de Morais HH, José de Holanda Vasconcellos R, de Santana Santos T, Guedes Queiroz LM, Dantas da Silveira ÉJ. Glandular odontogenic cyst: case report and review of diagnostic criteria. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2011; 40:e46-50. [PMID: 21459013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an uncommon jaw bone cyst of odontogenic origin with unpredictable and potentially aggressive behaviour. It also has the propensity to grow to a large size and tendency towards recurrence. GOC can be easily misdiagnosed microscopically as a central mucoepidermoid carcinoma. This paper reports a case of GOC in a 56-year-old male and reviews the main criteria for accurate diagnosis. The diagnosis of GOC can be extremely difficult due to the rarity of the cyst and lack of clear diagnostic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hécio Henrique Araújo de Morais
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte University, Caicó-RN, Brazil
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