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Altered expression of p53, but not Rb, is involved in canine prostatic carcinogenesis. Res Vet Sci 2016; 105:195-9. [PMID: 27033932 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in the retinoblastoma (Rb) and p53 tumour suppressor gene have been frequently detected in human and canine cancers, but never investigated in canine prostate cancer, considered a good model for the advanced and aggressive androgen-resistant prostate cancer in men. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Rb and p53 in 6 normal canine prostates, 15 canine prostates with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 10 prostatic carcinomas (PCs). In all normal samples, p53 was expressed in low number of epithelial cells, while a greater number of positive cells were observed in BPH and PC. The mean number of positive cells was statistically significantly higher in PCs than normal and hyperplastic prostates. A cytoplasmic or nucleo-cytoplasmic staining was observed in 5 out of 10 PCs. Rb protein was expressed in high number of normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic cells without a statistically significant differences. Considering that Rb is frequently lost in human prostate cancer, we suggest that Rb is not involved in canine prostatic carcinogenesis. On the other hand, the increased expression of p53 that corresponds to genetic defects in the p53 gene may be associated with the malignant growth of canine prostate cancer, conferring an apoptosis-resistant phenotype.
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2
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AL-Rawi NH, Omer H, AL Kawas S. Immunohistochemical analysis of P53and bcl-2 in benign and malignant salivary glands tumors. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:48-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Hershey AE, Dubielzig RR, Padilla ML, Helfand SC. Aberrant p53 expression in feline vaccine-associated sarcomas and correlation with prognosis. Vet Pathol 2006; 42:805-11. [PMID: 16301577 DOI: 10.1354/vp.42-6-805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Eighty spontaneously occurring feline vaccine-associated sarcomas (VAS) were evaluated to determine the immunohistochemical expression of the tumor suppressor gene p53. Sixty-five of 80 VAS (81%) exhibited positive immunoreactivity with Mab240, a murine monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes mutated p53. Only 44 of 81 tumors (55%) were positive with rabbit polyclonal antibody CM-1. CM-1 often yielded nonspecific staining of nonneoplastic tissues. Nonspecific staining was greatly reduced or absent with Mab240. Cytoplasmic staining for p53 was a consistent pattern of VAS, occurring in 44% of tumors evaluated. Cats with tumors that exhibited cytoplasmic p53 had significantly shorter time to tumor recurrence compared to those cats with tumors that exhibited nuclear p53 staining (P = 0.0284), but no significant difference in survival outcome was observed. Immunohistochemical detection of p53 offers a prognostic tool for VAS, and, because abnormal p53 expression appears to be a common feature of feline VAS, molecular targeting of mutant p53, may offer a promising new therapeutic opportunity for this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Hershey
- Department of Medical Sciences, Oregon Cancer Center for Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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4
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Brennan PA, Umar T, Buckley J, Zaki GA, Langdon JD, Spedding A, Peters W. Expression of nitric oxide synthase in pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000; 38:338-42. [PMID: 10922164 DOI: 10.1054/bjom.1999.0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The actions of nitric oxide (NO) in the pathology of solid tumours are complicated and many are poorly understood because NO has both inhibitory and tumour-promoting activities. In the current study we aimed to find out immunohistochemically whether the expression of both the inducible (iNOS) and endothelial (eNOS) forms of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were changed in pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid compared with normal salivary tissue. There was a significant difference in staining for iNOS between the tumour and normal salivary tissue, with tumour epithelial cells being stained in 29 cases of the 30 cases studied (P< 0.0001). The luminal cells of the salivary ducts also stained, but not the normal salivary tissue. Immunohistochemistry for the eNOS isoenzyme showed moderate staining of the tumour epithelium in only three specimens. There was also mild staining in the salivary duct cells of the normal glandular tissue and in endothelium of blood vessels in both tumour and normal glandular tissue in the same 29 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Brennan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
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5
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Doi R, Kuratate I, Okamoto E, Ryoke K, Ito H. Expression of p53 oncoprotein increases intratumoral microvessel formation in human salivary gland carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med 1999; 28:259-63. [PMID: 10426198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1999.tb02035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
P53 protein and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, and mean intratumoral microvessel density (IMVD) were studied by immunohistochemistry in 31 salivary gland carcinomas, consisting of 11 adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCCs), 10 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs), 7 acinic cell carcinomas (AcCCs), and 3 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Cases with p53 protein in more than 20% of tumor cells were detected in one AdCC, four MECs, one AcCC, and two SCCs. Both frequency of p53 and VEGF expression, and mean IMVD, were higher in the MECs and SCCs than in the AdCCs and AcCCs. Similarly, both VEGF expression and mean IMVD were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the eight p53-positive tumors than in the 23 negative tumors. Six cases with survival periods less than 5 years showed significantly higher frequency of p53 and VEGF expression and of mean IMVD than those with longer survival periods. These results indicate that p53 expression might partly correlate with VEGF expression and mean IMVD, and be a factor in the survival of patients with salivary gland carcinomas.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, CD34/biosynthesis
- Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/mortality
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Endothelial Growth Factors/biosynthesis
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphokines/biosynthesis
- Microcirculation/metabolism
- Microcirculation/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/blood supply
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/metabolism
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/mortality
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/biosynthesis
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- R Doi
- First Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
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6
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Zusman I. Gel fiberglass membranes for affinity chromatography columns and their application to cancer detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1998; 715:297-306. [PMID: 9792517 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of mechanical supports for biochemically active compounds serving as immunochemical sensors has been the goal of many studies. A new compound in the form of gel fiberglass (GFG) membranes was recently developed as an example of such supports. These membranes prepared from glass fibers covered with oxysilanes to create a matrix 'gel fiberglass' (R. Zusman, USA Patent #08/112,087, 1993) were used to prepare affinity chromatography columns for the isolation of soluble p53 protein from the serum of cancer patients. A thin layer of protein, trapped in gel glass during its preparation, was deposited on a lattice of glass fibers. Derivatization of the support eliminated nonspecific adsorption of proteins. Under such conditions, external agents percolating through a membrane may contact a maximum number of protein molecules trapped in the gel glass. The membranes are very stable, and can be stored in dry conditions for several months at room temperature. Affinity chromatography columns were prepared from the GFG membranes and used to isolate various proteins, including tumor-associated antigens (TAA). The capacity of the columns was calculated as the amount of protein (mg ml(-1)) isolated from TAA-containing solution, and amounted to up to 9 mg ml(-1) of serum in colon cancer patients. The cytoplasmic p53 protein was one of the main components of TAA isolated in our experiments. Its concentration was determined by HPLC. This protein was isolated from the serum of cancer patients in the highest concentration yet reported, up to 5 mg ml(-1). The described method allows an easy and highly effective isolation of TAA and can be used for important goals including cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Zusman
- Laboratory of Teratology and Experimental Oncology, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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7
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Kong L, Ogawa N, McGuff HS, Nakabayashi T, Sakata KM, Masago R, Vela-Roch N, Talal N, Dang H. Bcl-2 family expression in salivary glands from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: involvement of Bax in salivary gland destruction. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1998; 88:133-41. [PMID: 9714690 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1998.4556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the molecular mechanism of glandular parenchyma destruction in Sjögren's syndrome (SS), Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-X, and Bak expression were studied. SS (n = 18) and control salivary glands (n = 6) were examined by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was assessed by in situ DNA nick end labeling. Infiltrating mononuclear cells in the SS salivary gland showed elevated Bcl-2. These mononuclear cells expressed increased Bax but did not undergo apoptosis. Both SS and control salivary gland ductal epithelial cells expressed Bcl-2, Bax, and Bcl-X. SS, but not normal, salivary gland acinar cells expressed Bax and underwent apoptosis. These results suggest that elevated Bax expression in SS salivary gland acinar cells may play an important role in the apoptotic pathway. In contrast, Bcl-2 expression in SS infiltrating mononuclear cells and ductal cells may contribute to their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kong
- Division of Clinical Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78284, USA
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8
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Rasidakis A, Orphanidou D, Kalomenidis J, Papamichalis G, Toumbis M, Lambaditis J, Sacharidou A, Papastamatiou H, Jordanoglou J. Expression of mdm-2 protein in neoplastic, preneoplastic, and normal bronchial mucosa specimens: comparative study with p53 expression. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 1998; 17:339-45. [PMID: 9790068 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.1998.17.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Loss of function of the p53 tumor supressor gene is involved in nearly all human cancer. Recently a cellular oncogene product, mdm2, has been shown to bind to p53 and eliminate its ability to function as a transcription factor. mdm2 and p53 immunohistochemical protein expression was studied in tumor tissues, preneoplastic lesions, and normal bronchial mucosa. The specimens were obtained during diagnostic bronchoscopy from 53 patients with lung cancer. In the tumor specimens, p53 nuclear staining was detected in 26 (49%) cases, mdm2 in 11 (20.7%), and simultaneous expression of both proteins in 6 (11.3%) cases. Thirty-five sections with preneoplastic lesions were found in 21 patients. p53 nuclear staining was found in 11 of 35 and mdm2 in 6 of 35 sections. In normal cells, mdm2 positive staining was found in 18 and p53 in 12 specimens. Simultaneous p53 and mdm2 expression was found in 4 specimens. Our results indicate that p53 expression is more frequent than mdm2 expression in lung cancer tissues. Alterations in these proteins are early events and may represent alternative pathways in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rasidakis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School of Athens University, Greece
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Bentz BG, Haines GK, Hanson DG, Radosevich JA. Endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) localization in normal and neoplastic salivary tissue. Head Neck 1998; 20:304-9. [PMID: 9588702 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0347(199807)20:4<304::aid-hed4>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO.) has been implicated in the process of carcinogenesis in various organs. This study was designed to investigate the expression of endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) in normal and neoplastic salivary tissues. METHODS Paraffin-embedded tissue from 48 salivary tumors and adjacent non-neoplastic tissue was immunohistochemically evaluated for both frequency (percentage) and intensity (1-4+) of staining using a commercially available anti-ecNOS monoclonal antibody. RESULTS Expression of ecNOS was predominantly localized to vascular endothelium, skeletal muscle, and to salivary duct luminal epithelium in normal salivary tissue (n = 37). All salivary tumors demonstrated at least 1 + cytoplasmic staining for ecNOS without apparent correlation to most clinical parameters. A tendency toward increased frequency and intensity of ecNOS expression in oncocytic cells, relative to cells with myoepithelial or acinar differentiation, was noted. CONCLUSIONS Expression of ecNOS is localized to the luminal cells of normal salivary ducts. Limited expression of ecNOS was found in all the salivary gland tumors examined. This suggests a common histogenesis for this diverse group of tumors, which may reflect different degrees of differentiation toward luminal duct epithelium. The possible role of ecNOS and NO. in salivary gland carcinogenesis is intriguing and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Bentz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and the Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Zhu QR, White FH, Tipoe GL. p53 oncoprotein accumulation in adenoid cystic carcinoma of parotid and palatine salivary glands. Pathology 1997; 29:154-8. [PMID: 9213334 DOI: 10.1080/00313029700169784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that alterations of the p53 gene are the most common genetic abnormality in human cancer. The aims of the present study were to evaluate p53 protein (p53P) immunostaining in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the salivary gland and to correlate the expression with patient survival. A total of 27 cases of ACC in the parotid gland (n = 12) and the minor palatine glands (n = 15) were studied, with ten cases each of normal parotid and palatine glands as non-neoplastic controls. Staining was performed with mouse monoclonal antibody DO-7 against p53 (Dako, USA) using the ABC method. Stained nuclei irrespective of intensity or frequency were considered as positive. The frequency of positive nuclei was evaluated as the p53P index (p53PI), the percentage of the total nuclei in the reference epithelium. Clinical survival data were available for patients for periods up to 156 months. Our data showed that no normal tissues showed immunoreactivity with p53P in their nuclei. Thirteen of 15 (87%) cases of palatal and two of 12 (17%) cases of parotid neoplasms stained with p53P and the p53PI ranged from 0.01 to 10%. The number of p53P positive tumors was significantly higher in palatal than in parotid neoplasms, suggesting that palatal ACCs may be more aggressive in comparison with parotid ACCs. Our data also showed that the number of p53P positive tumors was significantly increased in patients who died of tumors than in patients with no evidence of disease at the end of the follow-up period between 60 to 156 months. These results suggest that p53P may be involved in the development of salivary gland ACCs and that p53P analysis may be a useful indicator of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q R Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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11
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Kärjä VJ, Syrjänen KJ, Kurvinen AK, Syrjänen SM. Expression and mutations of p53 in salivary gland tumours. J Oral Pathol Med 1997; 26:217-23. [PMID: 9178173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1997.tb01227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of 219 salivary gland tumours (103 carcinomas and 116 benign tumours) were analysed for p53 protein expression using immunohistochemistry, and for mutations in p53 gene using non-radioactive single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). p53 expression was present in 36% (42/116) of the benign tumours and in 54% (56/103) of the carcinomas. The highest prevalence of p53 expression was found in adenoid cystic carcinomas (69%), followed by mucoepidermoid carcinomas (67%). Of the benign tumours, pleomorphic adenomas showed the highest prevalence of p53 positivity (41%). In malignant tumours, expression of p53 bore no correlation to local recurrence, metastatic disease or survival of the patients. Exons 5 through 9 were analysed and four mutations were found in 20 cases of p53-immunopositive tumours and two in 20 p53-negative tumours. Each of the exons 5, 6 and 8/9 had two mutations, whereas no mutations were detected in exon 7.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoma, Pleomorphic/chemistry
- Adenoma, Pleomorphic/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/genetics
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Chi-Square Distribution
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Genes, p53
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Logistic Models
- Middle Aged
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
- Prognosis
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/chemistry
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/genetics
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/biosynthesis
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Kärjä
- Department of Pathology, University of Kuopio, Finland
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12
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Slootweg PJ. Suppressor protein p53 and its occurrence in oral tumours. CURRENT TOPICS IN PATHOLOGY. ERGEBNISSE DER PATHOLOGIE 1996; 90:179-200. [PMID: 8791752 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-80169-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P J Slootweg
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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