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Liu X, Li N, Zhang C, Wu X, Zhang S, Dong G, Liu G. Identification of metastasis-associated exoDEPs in colorectal cancer using label-free proteomics. Transl Oncol 2022; 19:101389. [PMID: 35303583 PMCID: PMC8927999 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes play essential role in the metastasis of colorectal cancer from TME aspect. Finding out the prominent regulating exoDEPs by label-free proteomics in this research provided a lot of key information of CRC metastases. Metabolism, cytoskeleton-related pathways and immunosuppression are two key mechanisms by which exosomes regulate CRC malignant behavior. The discovery of the “all or none” exoDEPs was of great significance. The exoDEPs expressed only in SW620 cells can more clearly show their ability to promote the invasion and metastasis of CRC cells.
Exosomes are secreted nanovesicles consisting of biochemical molecules, including proteins, RNAs, lipids, and metabolites that play a prominent role in tumor progression. In this study, we performed a label-free proteomic analysis of exosomes from a pair of homologous human colorectal cancer cell line with different metastatic abilities. A total of 115 exoDEPs were identified, with 31 proteins upregulated and 84 proteins downregulated in SW620 exosome. We also detected 30 proteins expressed only in SW620 exosomes and 60 proteins expressed only in SW480 exosomes. Bioinformatics analysis enriched the components and pathways associated with the extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton-related pathways, and immune system changes of colorectal cancer (CRC). Cellular function experiments confirmed the role of SW620 exosomes in promoting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SW480 cells. Further verifications were performed on six upregulated exoDEPs (FGFBP1, SIPA1, THBS1, TGFBI, COL6A1, and RPL10), three downregulated exoDEPs (SLC2A3, MYO1D, and RBP1), and three exoDEPs (SMOC2, GLG1, and CEMIP) expressed only in SW620 by WB and IHC. This study provides a complete and novel basis for exploring new drug targets to inhibit the invasion and metastasis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Liu
- 1st Department of general surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193 Union Road, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- 1st Department of general surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193 Union Road, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193 Union Road, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shoujia Zhang
- 1st Department of general surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193 Union Road, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Gang Dong
- Anorectal surgery, Central Hospital of Jinzhou City, No. 51, Section 2, Shanghai Road, Guta District, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ge Liu
- 1st Department of general surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193 Union Road, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China.
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Early antitumor activity of oral Langerhans cells is compromised by a carcinogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2118424119. [PMID: 35012988 PMCID: PMC8784117 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118424119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains an unmet clinical need. Therefore, elucidating the initial events of OSCC preceding tumor development could benefit OSCC prognosis. Here, we define the Langerhans cells (LCs) of the tongue and demonstrate that LCs protect the epithelium from carcinogen-induced OSCC by rapidly priming αβT cells capable of eliminating γH2AX+ epithelial cells, whereas γδT and natural killer cells are dispensable. The carcinogen, however, dysregulates the epithelial resident mononuclear phagocytes, reducing LC frequencies, while dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) populate the epithelium. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis indicates that these newly differentiated cells display an immunosuppressive phenotype accompanied by an expansion of T regulatory (Treg) cells. Accumulation of the Treg cells was regulated, in part, by pDCs and precedes the formation of visible tumors. This suggests LCs play an early protective role during OSCC, yet the capacity of the carcinogen to dysregulate the differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes facilitates oral carcinogenesis.
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3
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Huang L, Yu X, Jiang Z, Zeng P. Novel Autophagy-Related Gene Signature Investigation for Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:673319. [PMID: 34220946 PMCID: PMC8248343 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.673319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation between autophagy defects and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been previously studied, but only based on a limited number of autophagy-related genes in cell lines or animal models. The aim of the present study was to analyze differentially expressed autophagy-related genes through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to explore enriched pathways and potential biological function. Based on TCGA database, a signature composed of four autophagy-related genes (CDKN2A, NKX2-3, NRG3, and FADD) was established by using multivariate Cox regression models and two Gene Expression Omnibus datasets were applied for external validation. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to study the function of autophagy-related genes and their pathways. The most significant GO and KEGG pathways were enriched in several key pathways that were related to the progression of autophagy and OSCC. Furthermore, a prognostic risk score was constructed based on the four genes; patients were then divided into two groups (i.e., high risk and low risk) in terms of the median of risk score. Prognosis of the two groups and results showed that patients at the low-risk group had a much better prognosis than those at the high-risk group, regardless of whether they were in the training datasets or validation datasets. Multivariate Cox regression results indicated that the risk score of the autophagy-related gene signatures could greatly predict the prognosis of patients after controlling for several clinical covariates. The findings of the present study revealed that autophagy-related gene signatures play an important role in OSCC and are potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghao Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Yang L, Cui R, Li Y, Liang K, Ni M, Gu Y. Hypoxia-Induced TGFBI as a Serum Biomarker for Laboratory Diagnosis and Prognosis in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Lab Med 2020; 51:352-361. [PMID: 31626700 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore novel biomarkers for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), from the perspective of tumor hypoxia. METHODS We screened 29 differentially expressed and hypoxia-upregulated genes from the Oncomine database. A total of 12 secretory proteins that interact with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1A) were selected by STRING (protein-protein interaction networks). After excluding enzymes and collagens, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), glycoprotein NBM (GPNMB), transforming growth factor-β-induced (TGFBI), and biglycan (BGN) were detected by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients with cancer and healthy control individuals. RESULTS The serum level of TGFBI was significantly elevated in patients with PDAC, compared with healthy controls; the assay could discriminate among cases of PDAC in different clinical stages. The amount of TGFBI was significantly decreased after treatment. The combination of TGFBI and cancer antigen (CA) 19-9 was more accurate than TGFBI or CA 19-9 alone as diagnostic markers. Also, TGFBI might be used as a prognostic marker according to the PROGgeneV2 Pan Cancer Prognostics Database. CONCLUSIONS Serum TGFBI, combined with CA 19-9, offers higher diagnostic value than other methods for patients with PDAC. Also, TGFBI might be used as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmin Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Shanghai Baize Medical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Ranliang Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory for Cancer, Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yueguo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory for Cancer, Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Liang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ni
- Henan Newborn Screening Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yajun Gu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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5
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Kengkarn S, Petmitr S, Boonyuen U, Reamtong O, Poomsawat S, Sanguansin S. Identification of Novel Candidate Biomarkers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Whole Gene Expression Profiling. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:2315-2325. [PMID: 32468250 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00828-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the whole gene expression profiles and to ascertain potential biomarkers for 22 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) among Thai patients using the Illumina Human HT-12, V4.0 Expression BeadChip array. Result indicated 2,724 differential expressed genes composed of 1,560 up-regulated and 1,164 down-regulated genes (unpaired t-test, p-value <0.05; fold change ≥2.0 and ≤2.0). The top 9 up-regulated genes were validated in 39 OSCC cases using TaqMan real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. Among these, the up-regulation of peptidase inhibitor 3 (PI3) and keratin 17 (KRT17) genes was harbored in all 39 OSCC patients (100%). Likewise, statistical analysis indicated that gene expression in 8 selective genes including keratin 16 (KRT16), keratin 14 (KRT14), keratinocyte differentiation-associated protein (KRTDAP), keratin 6B (KRT6B), PI3, S100 calcium binding protein A7 (S100A7), stratifin (SFN) and keratin 5 (KRT5) was significantly associated with well differentiated OSCC (p-value <0.05). Moreover, high level of KRT17 protein was significantly associated with well differentiated OSCC compared to moderately OSCC (p-value = 0.041). Notably, using nested-PCR analysis indicated all OSCC cases in this study were HPV-free. Especially, KRTDAP, PI3, SFN mRNA expression were first reported among patients with OSCC. Conclusion, the whole transcript expression study and TaqMan real-time qRT-PCR assay were relevant regarding the increase in gene expression in OSCC. In addition, the up-regulation of PI3 and KRT17 might constitute potential candidate molecular biomarkers to diagnose patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudaporn Kengkarn
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine & Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Songsak Petmitr
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine & Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Usa Boonyuen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine & Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine & Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sopee Poomsawat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirima Sanguansin
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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6
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Ge Y, Li W, Ni Q, He Y, Chu J, Wei P. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Identifies Hub Genes Associated with Occurrence and Prognosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7272-7288. [PMID: 31562292 PMCID: PMC6778410 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers closely related to the pathogenesis and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) based on integrative transcriptome datasets. Material/Methods Gene expression profiles of OSCC were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained and we then performed with Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis as well as protein–protein interactions (PPI) network analysis. WGCNA was used to construct the co-expression network. Multipart results were intersected to acquire the candidate genes, and survival analysis was used to identify the hub genes. Results A total of 568 DEGs, including 272 upregulated genes and 296 downregulated genes, were identified. GO and pathway analyses revealed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in extracellular matrix (ECM), ECM organization, structural constituent of muscle, and ECM-receptor interaction. The PPI network of DEGs was established, comprising 428 nodes and 1944 edges. In the co-expression network, pink module was the key module, in which 34 genes with high connectivity were identified. After the intersection of multipart results, 24 common genes were chosen as the candidate genes, among which 7 hub genes (PLAU, SERPINE1, LAMC2, ITGA5, TGFBI, FSCN1, and HLF) were identified using survival analysis. Conclusions Seven potential biomarkers were identified as being closely related with the initiation and prognosis of OSCC and might serve as potential targets for early diagnosis and personalized therapy of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Qian Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yan He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jinjin Chu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Pingmin Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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7
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Suzuki M, Yokobori T, Gombodorj N, Yashiro M, Turtoi A, Handa T, Ogata K, Oyama T, Shirabe K, Kuwano H. High stromal transforming growth factor β-induced expression is a novel marker of progression and poor prognosis in gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol 2018; 118:966-974. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.25217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Suzuki
- Department of General Surgical Science; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of General Surgical Science; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
- Department of Innovative Cancer Immunotherapy; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Navchaa Gombodorj
- Department of General Surgical Science; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics; Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Japan
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Institut du Cancer; Montpellier France
- INSERM U1194; Montpellier France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier; Montpellier France
- Université Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Tadashi Handa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Kyoichi Ogata
- Department of General Surgical Science; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
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8
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Khowal S, Naqvi SH, Monga S, Jain SK, Wajid S. Assessment of cellular and serum proteome from tongue squamous cell carcinoma patient lacking addictive proclivities for tobacco, betel nut, and alcohol: Case study. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5186-5221. [PMID: 29236289 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intriguing molecular pathways involved in oral carcinogenesis are still ambiguous. The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) ranks as the most common type constituting more than 90% of the globally diagnosed oral cancers cases. The elevation in the OSCC incidence rate during past 10 years has an alarming impression on human healthcare. The major challenges associated with OSCC include delayed diagnosis, high metastatic rates, and low 5-year survival rates. The present work foundations on reverse genetic strategy and involves the identification of genes showing expressional variability in an OSCC case lacking addictive proclivities for tobacco, betel nut, and/or alcohol, major etiologies. The expression modulations in the identified genes were analyzed in 16 patients comprising oral pre-cancer and cancer histo-pathologies. The genes SCCA1 and KRT1 were found to down regulate while DNAJC13, GIPC2, MRPL17, IG-Vreg, SSFA2, and UPF0415 upregulated in the oral pre-cancer and cancer pathologies, implicating the genes as crucial players in oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Khowal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Samar H Naqvi
- Molecular Diagnostics, Genetix Biotech Asia (P) Ltd., New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Monga
- Department of ENT, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Swatantra K Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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9
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Pal SK, Nguyen CTK, Morita KI, Miki Y, Kayamori K, Yamaguchi A, Sakamoto K. THBS1 is induced by TGFB1 in the cancer stroma and promotes invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 45:730-739. [PMID: 26850833 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND THBS1 (thrombospondin-1) is the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein that affects diverse cellular activities. It constitutes the tumor stroma, but the role of THBS1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development is unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the relevance of THBS1 in the pathogenesis of OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of THBS1 was examined in 44 OSCC by immunohistochemical analysis and in 43 OSCC by cDNA microarray analysis. Cell culture experiments were conducted using human OSCC cell lines HSC3 and HO1N1 and mouse fibroblast ST2 cells to examine the effect of TGFB1 on THBS1 expression, and the effect of THBS1 on cellular behaviors. RESULTS THBS1 was specifically induced in the tumor microenvironment of OSCC. THBS1 appeared to be produced mainly by the stromal cells, but also by OSCC cells. TGFB1 stimulated THBS1 expression in ST2, primary fibroblasts, and the OSCC cells. THBS1 promoted migration and invasion of HSC3 and HO1N1 in transwell migration assays. THBS1 stimulated the expression of MMP3 (matrix metalloprotease 3), MMP9, MMP11, and MMP13 in ST2 cells and MMP3, MMP11, and MMP13 in HO1N1 cells. The RGD peptide suppressed the THBS1-stimulated migration and upregulation of MMP11 and MMP13. CONCLUSIONS THBS1 is a tumor-specific ECM protein that is induced by TGFB1 and promotes migration of cancer cells and stimulates the expression of MMPs partly through the integrin signaling, thereby favoring OSCC invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Kumar Pal
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chi Thi Kim Nguyen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichi Morita
- Department of Oral Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Miki
- Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Yamaguchi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Nguyen CTK, Okamura T, Morita KI, Yamaguchi S, Harada H, Miki Y, Izumo T, Kayamori K, Yamaguchi A, Sakamoto K. LAMC2 is a predictive marker for the malignant progression of leukoplakia. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 46:223-231. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Thi Kim Nguyen
- Department of Oral Pathology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takeshi Okamura
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kei-ichi Morita
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral Surgery; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshio Miki
- Department of Molecular Genetics; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Izumo
- Department of Diagnostic Oral Pathology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Department of Oral Pathology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Akira Yamaguchi
- Oral Health Science Center; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Pathology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
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11
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Khanom R, Nguyen CTK, Kayamori K, Zhao X, Morita K, Miki Y, Katsube KI, Yamaguchi A, Sakamoto K. Keratin 17 Is Induced in Oral Cancer and Facilitates Tumor Growth. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161163. [PMID: 27512993 PMCID: PMC4981360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin subtypes are selectively expressed depending on the cell type. They not only provide structural support, but regulate the metabolic processes and signaling pathways that control the growth of the epithelium. KRT17 (keratin 17) is induced in the regenerative epithelium and acts on diverse signaling pathways. Here, we demonstrate that KRT17 is invariably and permanently induced in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), as revealed by immunohistochemistry and cDNA microarray analysis. Two representative OSCC cell lines; KRT17-weakly expressing Ca9-22 and KRT17-highly expressing HSC3 were used to establish KRT17-overexpressing Ca9-22 and KRT17-knockdown HSC3 cells. Analysis of these cells revealed that KRT17 promoted cell proliferation and migration by stimulating the Akt/mTOR pathway. KRT17 also upregulated the expression of SLC2A1 (solute carrier family 2 member 1/Glut1) and glucose uptake. To further investigate the effect of KRT17 on tumorigenesis, KRT17-knockout HSC3 cells were established and were transplanted to the cephalic skin of nude mice. The tumors that developed from KRT17-knockout HSC3 cells had a lower Ki-67 labeling index and were significantly smaller compared to the controls. These results indicate that KRT17 stimulates the Akt/mTOR pathway and glucose uptake, thereby facilitating tumor growth. We could not confirm the relationship between KRT17 and SFN (stratifin) in the cells examined in this study. However, our study reinforces the concept that the cellular properties of cancer are regulated by a series of molecules similar to those found in wound healing. In OSCC, KRT17 acts as a pathogenic keratin that facilitates tumor growth through the stimulation of multiple signaling pathways, highlighting the importance of KRT17 as a multifunctional promoter of tumorigenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Keratin-17/genetics
- Keratin-17/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Khanom
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, “International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Disease”, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chi Thi Kim Nguyen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Morita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Miki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, “International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Disease”, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Katsube
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Human Care, Tohto College of Health Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Yamaguchi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, “International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Disease”, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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12
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Qin X, Yan M, Zhang J, Wang X, Shen Z, Lv Z, Li Z, Wei W, Chen W. TGFβ3-mediated induction of Periostin facilitates head and neck cancer growth and is associated with metastasis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20587. [PMID: 26857387 PMCID: PMC4746667 DOI: 10.1038/srep20587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The matrix-specific protein periostin (POSTN) is up-regulated in human cancers and associated with cancer growth, metastasis and angiogenesis. Although the stroma of cancer tissues is the main source of POSTN, it is still unclear how POSTN plays a role to facilitate the interplay between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in head and neck cancer (HNC), thereby promoting tumorigenesis via modifying the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we have performed studies to investigate POSTN and its role in HNC microenvironment. Our results indicated that POSTN was significantly up-regulated in HNCs, especially in the tissues with lymph node metastasis. Moreover, POSTN was highly enriched in the stroma of cancer tissues and produced mainly by CAFs. More importantly, we have pinpointed TGF-β3 as the major upstream molecular that triggers the induction of POSTN in CAFs. As such, during the interaction between fibroblasts and cancer cells, the increased stromal POSTN induced by TGF-β3 directly accelerated the growth, migration and invasion of cancer cells. Hence, our study has provided a novel modulative role for POSTN on HNC progression and further reveals POSTN as an effective biomarker to predict metastasis as well as a potential cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head &Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head &Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head &Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head &Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zongze Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head &Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhongjing Lv
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head &Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head &Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head &Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head &Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
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13
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Han B, Cai H, Chen Y, Hu B, Luo H, Wu Y, Wu J. The role of TGFBI (βig-H3) in gastrointestinal tract tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:64. [PMID: 25889002 PMCID: PMC4435624 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TGFβ-induced (TGFBI/βig-H3) is a protein inducible by TGFβ1 and secreted by many types of cells. It binds to collagen, forms part of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and interacts with integrins on cell surfaces. In this study, we investigated the role of TGFBI in tumorigenesis and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Patient serum TGFBI levels were determined by ELISA. TGFBI transgenic and gene knockout mice and TGFBI-overexpressing liver cells were used for mechanistic studies. RESULTS We demonstrated that patients with cholangiocarcinomas, hepatic carcinomas or gastric carcinomas presented significantly elevated serum TGFBI levels, and the excess TGFBI was derived from the tumor masses. TGFBI overexpression in mice resulted in increased incidence of spontaneous tumors and N,N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver tumor nodules, compared to that in wild type (WT) mice, while TGFBI knockout mice were comparable to WT controls in these 2 aspects. TGFBI promoted the survival of Aml-12 liver cells with DNA damage after irradiation, and augmented their post-irradiation proliferation. It activated the FAK/AKT/AKT1S1/PRS6/EIF4EBP pathway, which is known to modulate cell survival and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that TGFBI functions as a promoter of certain gastrointestinal tract cancers. It provides a survival advantage to cells with DNA damage. Over a long time span, this advantage could translate into increased tumor risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cardiovascular Research, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Stain-Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Haolei Cai
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Bing Hu
- Anatomic Pathology, AmeriPath Central Florida, 8150 Chancellor Dr, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | - Hongyu Luo
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cardiovascular Research, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Stain-Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jiangping Wu
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cardiovascular Research, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Stain-Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Nephrology Service, Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Stain-Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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14
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Ozawa D, Yokobori T, Sohda M, Sakai M, Hara K, Honjo H, Kato H, Miyazaki T, Kuwano H. TGFBI Expression in Cancer Stromal Cells is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Hematogenous Recurrence in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 23:282-9. [PMID: 25448803 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-4259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an important cause of cancer-related death worldwide. To improve prognoses in patients with ESCC, we evaluated the potential of transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBI), which is overexpressed in ESCC, as a therapeutic candidate. METHODS We examined the clinical significance of TBFBI in 102 ESCC samples using real-time RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical studies were conducted to examine the localization of TGFBI. Knockdown of TGFBI in cocultured fibroblasts was performed to determine the roles of TGFBI in migration and invasion. RESULTS The level of TGFBI in ESCC tissues was higher than that in normal tissues. The high TGFBI expression group (n = 16) had higher TGFB1 expression and more frequent hematogenous recurrence than the low-expression group (n = 86). High TGFBI expression was an independent prognostic factor in patients with ESCC. TGFBI was mainly localized in stromal cells of ESCC. Moreover, suppression of TGFBI in fibroblasts inhibited the migration and invasion capacity of TE8 ESCC cells. CONCLUSIONS High TGFBI expression in ESCC tissues could be a powerful biomarker of poor prognosis and hematogenous recurrence. TGFBI in stromal cells might be a promising molecular target for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Ozawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Makoto Sohda
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Makoto Sakai
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Keigo Hara
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honjo
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- First Department of Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazaki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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15
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Li J, Wen Q, Xu L, Wang W, Luo J, Chu S, Xie G, Shi L, Huang D, Li J, Fan S. Fatty acid synthase–associated protein with death domain: a prognostic factor for survival in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:2447-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Zhu M, Chen Q, Liu X, Sun Q, Zhao X, Deng R, Wang Y, Huang J, Xu M, Yan J, Yu J. lncRNA H19/miR-675 axis represses prostate cancer metastasis by targeting TGFBI. FEBS J 2014; 281:3766-75. [PMID: 24988946 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men worldwide and there is a lack of effective treatment options for advanced (metastatic) prostate cancer. Currently, limited knowledge is available concerning the role of long non-coding RNAs in prostate cancer metastasis. In this study, we found that long non-coding RNA H19 (H19) and H19-derived microRNA-675 (miR-675) were significantly downregulated in the metastatic prostate cancer cell line M12 compared with the non-metastatic prostate epithelial cell line P69. Upregulation of H19 in P69 and PC3 cells significantly increased the level of miR-675 and repressed cell migration; however, ectopic expression of H19 in M12 cells could not increase the level of miR-675 and therefore had no effect on cell migration. Furthermore, we found that the expression level of either H19 or miR-675 in P69 cells was negatively associated with the expression of transforming growth factor β induced protein (TGFBI), an extracellular matrix protein involved in cancer metastasis. Dual luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-675 directly bound with 3'UTR of TGFBI mRNA to repress its translation. Taken together, we show for the first time that the H19-miR-675 axis acts as a suppressor of prostate cancer metastasis, which may have possible diagnostic and therapeutic potential for advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaojun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, No. 3 People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
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17
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Abdulmajeed AA, Farah CS. Gene expression profiling for the purposes of biomarker discovery in oral potentially malignant lesions: a systematic review. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2013; 7:279-90. [PMID: 24250244 PMCID: PMC3825664 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Early and accurate diagnosis of oral potentially malignant lesions (OPML) is of critical importance in preventing malignant transformation. Although histopathological interpretation of the degree of epithelial dysplasia is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, this method is subjective and lacks sensitivity. Therefore, many attempts have been made to identify objective molecular biomarkers to improve diagnosis. Microarray technology has the advantage of screening the expression of the whole genome making it one of the best tools for searching for novel biomarkers. However, microarray studies of OPMLs are limited, and no review has been published to highlight and compare their findings. In this paper, we systematically review all studies that have incorporated microarray analyses in the investigation of gene profile alterations in OPMLs and suggest a set of commonly dysregulated genes across multiple gene expression profile studies. This list of common genes may help focus selection of markers for further analysis regarding their importance in the diagnosis and prognosis of OPMLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Abdulmajeed
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia. ; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Kolokythas A, Bosman MJ, Pytynia KB, Panda S, Sroussi HY, Dai Y, Schwartz JL, Adami GR. A prototype tobacco-associated oral squamous cell carcinoma classifier using RNA from brush cytology. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 42:663-9. [PMID: 23590359 PMCID: PMC3740027 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer in the form of squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is typically detected in advanced stages when treatment is complex and may not be curative. The need for surgical biopsy may contribute to delays in diagnosis and impede early detection. Multiple studies of RNA from surgically obtained tumor samples have revealed many genes differentially expressed with this disease. We sought to determine whether the identified mRNAs could be used as markers by a non-invasive detection system for OSCC using RNA from brush cytology. METHODS Levels of mRNAs from 21 genes known to be differentially expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma surgical samples, compared with controls, were shown to be quantifiable in oral brush cytology samples. These mRNAs were quantified in a training set of 14 tumor and 20 non-malignant brush cytology samples from tobacco/betel nut users. With the measurement of two additional mRNAs and analysis using support vector machines algorithm for class prediction of these cancers was produced. RESULTS This OSCC classifier based on the levels of 5 mRNAs in RNA from brush cytology initially showed 0.93 sensitivity and 0.91 specificity in differentiating OSCC from benign oral mucosal lesions based on leave-one-out cross-validation. When used on a test set of 19 samples from 6 OSCCs and 13 non-malignant oral lesions, we found misclassification of only one OSCC and one benign lesion. CONCLUSIONS This shows the promise of using RNA from brush cytology for early OSCC detection and the potential for clinical usage of this non-invasive classifier.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Areca/adverse effects
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biopsy/methods
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Cytodiagnosis/instrumentation
- Early Detection of Cancer
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Leukoplakia, Oral/diagnosis
- Leukoplakia, Oral/pathology
- Lichen Planus, Oral/diagnosis
- Lichen Planus, Oral/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Predictive Value of Tests
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- ROC Curve
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Nicotiana/adverse effects
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Kolokythas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, and University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60610, USA
| | - Mitchell J. Bosman
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60610, USA
| | - Kristen B. Pytynia
- Department of Otolaryngology, 1855 W. Taylor St., College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612-7243, USA
| | - Suchismita Panda
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60610, USA
| | - Herve Y. Sroussi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60610, USA
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, MC063, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Joel L. Schwartz
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60610, USA
| | - Guy R. Adami
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60610, USA
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AbdulMajeed AA, Dalley AJ, Farah CS. Loss of ELF3 immunoexpression is useful for detecting oral squamous cell carcinoma but not for distinguishing between grades of epithelial dysplasia. Ann Diagn Pathol 2013; 17:331-40. [PMID: 23643910 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and targeted therapy are crucial to mitigating the morbidity and mortality of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Among the potentially malignant oral disorders, epithelial dysplasia has known association with malignant transformation, but defensible gradation of dysplasia severity presents unmet challenges. Published microarray data has denoted dysregulation of CLSP, ELF3, IFI44, USP18, and CXCL13 genes in potentially malignant oral disorders. The present study investigated the diagnostic potential of these gene products to grade oral epithelial dysplasia severity. Archived biopsies from independent patient cohorts comprised "training" (n=107) and "test" (n=278) sample sets. Immunoreactivity for candidate markers was determined in the "training" set of normal oral mucosa (NOM), mild dysplasia (MD), moderate to severe dysplasia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The diagnostic potential of ELF3 immunoscoring to improve detection and severity gradation of epithelial dysplasia was assessed with the "test" set. A reciprocal relationship between disease severity and immunoreactivity score for CLSP and ELF3 was observed (MD/NOM to OSCC: P<.08, Mann-Whitney U test), whereas elevated IFI44 immunostaining was present for OSCC compared to MD/NOM (P<.08, Mann-Whitney U test). Loss of ELF3 immunostaining effectively distinguished OSCC from non-malignant tissues (sensitivity=0.81; specificity=0.56; area under the curve [AUC]=0.68) but did not distinguish dysplasia from NOM (sensitivity=0.55; specificity=0.40; AUC=0.47) or moderate to severe dysplasia from MD (sensitivity=0.63; specificity=0.51; AUC=0.57). The results confirm via immunohistochemistry the relevance of published CLSP, ELF3, and IFI44 (but not USP18 or CXCL13) gene expression data to potentially malignant oral lesion severity. Loss of ELF3 immunostaining discriminated OSCC from dysplasia but was unreliable for grading dysplasia severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A AbdulMajeed
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia.
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20
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Liao PH, Yang HW, Huang YF. Genetic expression signatures of oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer-A preliminary microarray report. J Dent Sci 2013; 11:457-462. [PMID: 30895012 PMCID: PMC6395281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant disorder of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In this study, we obtained the genetic expression signatures of OSF and SCC by microarray analysis. Materials and methods Five patients with clinically evident OSF, five patients with SCC who also had existing OSF, and four normal volunteers who did not have a history of chewing betel quids were recruited. Biopsy specimens were obtained with an approved Institutional Review Board protocol. Total RNA from OSF or SCC was isolated and hybridized to a Human Oligo 1A (V2) Microarray (G4110B) chip against normal control RNA that was pooled from the four healthy volunteers. Results We found similar, but distinct genetic expression signatures for OSF and SCC. At the hierarchical clustering analysis, 24 known genes (23 upregulated and 1 downregulated) in OSF were differentially expressed consistently in all participants. Among the genes, XRCC5 was cloned and transfected into oral cancer GNM cells. The results demonstrated that the overexpression of XRCC5 increased the resistance of GNM cells to low-density X-ray irradiation and promoted the cell growth rate. Conclusion The distinct but similar genetic expression signatures seen in OSF and SCC suggested that this expression may be used as a supplemental diagnostic tool in pathology practice. This preliminary study showed that the XRCC5 gene promoted GNM cell growth and conferred resistance to low-density X-ray irradiation. Further studies on the effect of XRCC5 in oral cancer cells are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Hsin Liao
- Oral Medicine Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Yang
- Oral Medicine Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Huang
- Oral Medicine Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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21
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Fan S, Müller S, Chen ZG, Pan L, Tighiouart M, Shin DM, Khuri FR, Sun SY. Prognostic impact of Fas-associated death domain, a key component in death receptor signaling, is dependent on the presence of lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 14:365-9. [PMID: 23358467 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.23636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FAS-associated death domain (FADD) is a key adaptor protein that bridges a death receptor (e.g., death receptor 5; DR5) to caspase-8 to form the death-inducing signaling complex during apoptosis. The expression and prognostic impact of FADD in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have not been well studied. This study focuses on detecting FADD expression and analyzing its prognostic impact in primary and metastatic HNSCCs. We found a significant increase in FADD expression in primary tumors with lymph node metastasis (LNM) in comparison with primary tumors with no LNM. This increase was significantly less in the matched LNM tissues. Both univariate and multivariable analyses indicated that lower FADD expression was significantly associated with better disease-free survival and overall survival in HNSCC patients with LNM although FADD expression did not significantly affect survival of HNSCC patients without LNM . When combined with DR5 or caspase-8 expression, patients with LNM expressing both low FADD and DR5 or both low FADD and caspase-8 had significantly better prognosis than those expressing both high FADD and DR5 or both high FADD and caspase-8. However, the expression of both low FADD and caspase-8 was significantly linked to worse overall survival compared with both high FADD and caspase-8 expression in HNSCC patients without LNM. Hence, we suggest that FADD alone or together with DR5 and caspase-8 participates in metastatic process of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqing Fan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA USA
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22
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Transforming growth Factor-Beta-Induced Protein (TGFBI)/(βig-H3): a matrix protein with dual functions in ovarian cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10461-10477. [PMID: 22949874 PMCID: PMC3431872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130810461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBI, also known as βig-H3 and keratoepithelin) is an extracellular matrix protein that plays a role in a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions including diabetes, corneal dystrophy and tumorigenesis. Many reports indicate that βig-H3 functions as a tumor suppressor. Loss of βig-H3 expression has been described in several cancers including ovarian cancer and promoter hypermethylation has been identified as an important mechanism for the silencing of the TGFBI gene. Our recent findings that βig-H3 is down-regulated in ovarian cancer and that high concentrations of βig-H3 can induce ovarian cancer cell death support a tumor suppressor role. However, there is also convincing data in the literature reporting a tumor-promoting role for βig-H3. We have shown βig-H3 to be abundantly expressed by peritoneal cells and increase the metastatic potential of ovarian cancer cells by promoting cell motility, invasion, and adhesion to peritoneal cells. Our findings suggest that βig-H3 has dual functions and can act both as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter depending on the tumor microenvironment. This article reviews the current understanding of βig-H3 function in cancer cells with particular focus on ovarian cancer.
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23
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Diversity and specificity of the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 70:223-37. [PMID: 22695679 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The balance of protein phosphorylation is achieved through the actions of a family of protein serine/threonine kinases called the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The propagation of MAPK signals is attenuated through the actions of the MAPK phosphatases (MKPs). The MKPs specifically inactivate the MAPKs by direct dephosphorylation. The archetypal MKP family member, MKP-1 has garnered much of the attention amongst its ten other MKP family members. Initially viewed to play a redundant role in the control of MAPK signaling, it is now clear that MKP-1 exerts profound regulatory functions on the immune, metabolic, musculoskeletal and nervous systems. This review focuses on the physiological functions of MKP-1 that have been revealed using mouse genetic approaches. The implications from studies using MKP-1-deficient mice to uncover the role of MKP-1 in disease will be discussed.
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Abstract
Lethal giant larvae proteins have key roles in regulating polarity in a variety of cell types and function as tumour suppressors. A transcriptional programme initiated by aberrant Snail expression transforms epithelial cells to potentially aggressive cancer cells. Although progress in defining the molecular determinants of this programme has been made, we have little knowledge as to how the Snail-induced phenotype can be suppressed. In our studies we identified the human lethal giant larvae homologue 2, Hugl-2, (Llgl2/Lgl2) polarity gene as downregulated by Snail. Snail binds E-boxes in the Hugl-2 promoter and represses Hugl-2 expression, whereas removal of the E-boxes releases Hugl-2 from Snail repression. We demonstrate that inducing Hugl-2 in cells with constitutive Snail expression reverses the phenotype including changes in morphology, motility, tumour growth and dissemination in vivo, and expression of epithelial markers. Hugl-2 expression reduced the nuclear localization of Snail and thus binding of Snail to its target promoters. Our results placing Hugl-2 within the Snail network as well as its ability to suppress Snail carcinogenesis identifies Hugl-2 as a target molecule driving cascades, which may have preventative and therapeutic promise to minimize cancer progression.
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Reduction of NOTCH1 expression pertains to maturation abnormalities of keratinocytes in squamous neoplasms. J Transl Med 2012; 92:688-702. [PMID: 22330335 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch is a transmembrane receptor functioning in the determination of cell fate. Abnormal Notch signaling promotes tumor development, showing either oncogenic or tumor suppressive activity. The uncertainty about the exact role of Notch signaling, partially, stems from inconsistencies in descriptions of Notch expression in human cancers. Here, we clarified basal-cell dominant expression of NOTCH1 in squamous epithelium. NOTCH1 was downregulated in squamous neoplasms of oral mucosa, esophagus and uterine cervix, compared with the normal basal cells, although the expression tended to be retained in cervical lesions. NOTCH1 downregulation was observed even in precancers, and there was little difference between cancers and high-grade precancerous lesions, suggesting its minor contribution to cancer-specific events such as invasion. In culture experiments, reduction of NOTCH1 expression resulted in downregulation of keratin 13 and keratin 15, and upregulation of keratin 17, and NOTCH1 knockdown cells formed a dysplastic stratified epithelium mimicking a precancerous lesion. The NOTCH1 downregulation and the concomitant alterations of those keratin expressions were confirmed in the squamous neoplasms both by immunohistochemical and cDNA microarray analyses. Our data indicate that reduction of NOTCH1 expression directs the basal cells to cease terminal differentiation and to form an immature epithelium, thereby playing a major role in the histopathogenesis of epithelial dysplasia. Furthermore, downregulation of NOTCH1 expression seems to be an inherent mechanism for switching the epithelium from a normal and mature state to an activated and immature state, suggesting its essential role in maintaining the epithelial integrity.
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Ohno S, Tateishi Y, Tatemoto Y, Morishita K, Sasabe E, Yamamoto T. Enhanced expression of Toll-like receptor 2 in lesional tissues and peripheral blood monocytes of patients with oral lichen planus. J Dermatol 2011; 38:335-44. [PMID: 21544941 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.00956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Some members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays key roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses, are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune, chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases. However, the role of TLR in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP) has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to understand the roles of TLR in OLP. The expression of TLR genes in OLP tissues was analyzed by cDNA microarray and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and TLR protein expression in OLP tissues and peripheral blood monocytes was examined by immunohistochemical analysis and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, TLR ligand-induced cytokine production from peripheral blood monocytes was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among 10 TLR genes, the average expression ratio of the genes for TLR1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 10 in OLP tissues compared to that in the normal buccal mucosae was more than 1.0. In contrast, the average ratio of the genes for TLR7, 8 and 9 was less than 1.0. TLR2 but not TLR4 was highly expressed in the cells of the spinous layer and infiltrating monocytes in OLP tissues, and the mean fluorescence intensity of TLR2 on peripheral blood monocytes was significantly higher in OLP patients than in healthy controls. Furthermore, the peripheral blood monocytes from OLP patients produced considerably higher amounts of interleukin (IL)-12 and lower amounts of IL-10 than those from healthy controls. In OLP, the T-helper cell (Th)1/Th2 balance appears to shift toward Th1 dominance, probably depending on the upregulation of TLR2 expression and these alterations in TLR2-mediated immunity may be involved in the pathogenesis and maintenance of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Ohno
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
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27
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Abstract
The classification of sites in tumors of the oral cavity, oropharynx, pharynx, and hypopharynx varies in the literature. More than 90% of these tumors of the mucosal lining are classified as squamous cell carcinoma developed from premalignant lesions such as leukoplakia and erythroleukoplakia. These carcinomas are associated to environmental and lifestyle risk factors, among which tobacco and alcohol play a major role. In addition to tobacco smoking, tobacco chewing is another risk factor as well as chewing betel quid and areca nut in Asia. Certain strains of virus, such as the sexually transmitted human papilloma virus, also play a carcinogenetic role. The temporal trends in incidence of these tumors relate to environmental factors; there is an increase in tendency in countries without prevention and a decrease in countries having an active policy of prevention of alcohol and tobacco consumption. In contrast, an increased incidence occurs in the world at tumor sites related to human papilloma virus infection in relation to changes in sexual habits.
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Kolokythas A, Schwartz JL, Pytynia KB, Panda S, Yao M, Homann B, Sroussi HY, Epstein JB, Gordon SC, Adami GR. Analysis of RNA from brush cytology detects changes in B2M, CYP1B1 and KRT17 levels with OSCC in tobacco users. Oral Oncol 2011; 47:532-6. [PMID: 21549635 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RNA expression analysis of oral keratinocytes can be used to detect early oral cancer, but a limitation is the inability to obtain high quality RNA from oral tissue without using biopsies. While oral cytology cell samples can be obtained from patients in a minimally invasive manner, they have not been validated for quantitative analysis of RNA expression. Earlier we showed RNA from brush cytology of hamster Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) demonstrated differential expression of B2M and CYP1B1 using real time RT-PCR in a dibenz[a,I]pyrene, tobacco carcinogen, induced model of this disease. Here we show reproducibility of this approach to measuring gene expression in humans. Cytology brush samples from 12 tobacco and betel related OSCC and 17 nonmalignant oral lesions revealed B2M mRNA was enriched in tumor samples while CYP1B1 mRNA was reduced, similar to what was seen in the model system. Additionally, we showed that KRT17 mRNA, a gene linked to OSCC in another brush cytology study, was also enriched in OSCC versus nonmalignant lesions, again supporting the promise of using RNA from brush oral cytology to reproducibly monitor oral gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Kolokythas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, and University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60610, USA
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29
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Sakamoto K, Aragaki T, Morita KI, Kawachi H, Kayamori K, Nakanishi S, Omura K, Miki Y, Okada N, Katsube KI, Takizawa T, Yamaguchi A. Down-regulation of keratin 4 and keratin 13 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma and epithelial dysplasia: a clue for histopathogenesis. Histopathology 2011; 58:531-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Abstract
Members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (Ptp) family dephosphorylate target proteins and counter the activities of protein tyrosine kinases that are involved in cellular phosphorylation and signalling. As such, certain PTPs might be tumour suppressors. Indeed, PTPs play an important part in the inhibition or control of growth, but accumulating evidence indicates that some PTPs may exert oncogenic functions. Recent large-scale genetic analyses of various human tumours have highlighted the relevance of PTPs either as putative tumour suppressors or as candidate oncoproteins. Progress in understanding the regulation and function of PTPs has provided insights into which PTPs might be potential therapeutic targets in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofi G Julien
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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31
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Cao W, Zhang ZY, Xu Q, Sun Q, Yan M, Zhang J, Zhang P, Han ZG, Chen WT. Epigenetic silencing of MAL, a putative tumor suppressor gene, can contribute to human epithelium cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:296. [PMID: 21092172 PMCID: PMC3002926 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify new and useful candidate biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we performed a genome-wide survey and found that Myelin and lymphocyte-associated protein (MAL) was a gene that was markedly down-regulated in HNSCC. Hence, we investigated the mechanism of MAL silencing and the effects of MAL on the proliferation, invasion, and apoptotic potential in HNSCC. RESULTS MAL was significantly down-regulated in 91.7% of HNSCC specimens at the mRNA level as compared with adjacent normal tissues (P = 0.0004). Moreover, the relative transcript levels of the MAL gene were remarkably decreased by five-fold in nine HNSCC cell lines as compared with normal head and neck epithelium cells. MAL gene expression was restored in 44%, 67%, and 89% in HNSCC cell lines treated with TSA, 5-Aza-dC, and TSA plus 5-Aza-dC, respectively. Furthermore, bisulfate-treated DNA sequencing demonstrated that the two CpG islands (that is, M1 and M2) located in MAL promoter region were completely methylated in the HNSCC cell lines (CpG methylated ratio was more than 90%), and only one CpG island (that is, M1) was partially methylated in HNSCC tissues (CpG methylated ratio between 20% and 90%). A significant reduction in cell proliferation and a change in the cell cycle profile were also observed in MAL transfectants. Matrigel assay demonstrated that the invasiveness of HNSCC cells significantly decreased. A significant increase in the population of apoptotic cells was observed in MAL transfected cells. The exogenous expression of the MAL gene suppressed malignant phenotypes, while the cell death induced by MAL gene transfer was a result of apoptosis as demonstrated by the induction of cleavage of the poly (that is, ADP-ribose) polymerase. Additionally, tumor growth was suppressed in cells expressing MAL as compared with cells not expressing MAL. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the epigenetic inactivation of MAL, as a candidate tumor suppressor gene, can contribute to human epithelial cell carcinoma and may be served as a biomarker in HNSCC.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Cycle/physiology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- DNA Methylation/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Humans
- Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Myelin Proteins/genetics
- Myelin Proteins/metabolism
- Myelin and Lymphocyte-Associated Proteolipid Proteins
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Proteolipids/genetics
- Proteolipids/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhi-yuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ze-guang Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
- Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wan-tao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
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32
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Raju B, Ibrahim SO. Pathophysiology of oral cancer in experimental animal models: a review with focus on the role of sympathetic nerves. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 40:1-9. [PMID: 20819130 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Global increase in incidence and mortality as well as poor prognosis of oral cancer (OC) has intensified efforts towards early detection and prevention of this disfiguring disease. Several studies have been conducted using experimental animal models to understand the pathophysiology and molecular events involved in OC. Lack of identification of specific biomarkers during the multifaceted steps of oral carcinogenesis has hindered its diagnosis and treatment. Solid stress generated by growing tumors as well as abnormalities in tumor vasculature lead to increased interstitial fluid pressure, which could obstruct therapeutic drug delivery to tumors. Furthermore, the sympathetic nervous system is known to affect angiogenesis, vessel permeability, immune responses and carcinogenesis. Recent findings indicate that, in addition to angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors, tumor cells release neurotrophic factors that initiate innervation. Interactions between cytokines and sympathetic neurotransmitters, and their respective receptors expressed by the nerve, immune and tumor cells appear to influence tumor growth. Thus, understanding the complex signaling processes and interrelationships between vascular, nervous and immune systems during oral carcinogenesis may prove vital for successful prevention and treatment of OC. This review aims at outlining the available knowledge on pathophysiology of OC in experimental animal models including evidence from our own findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bina Raju
- Department of Biomedicine, Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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33
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Prapinjumrune C, Morita KI, Kuribayashi Y, Hanabata Y, Shi Q, Nakajima Y, Inazawa J, Omura K. DNA amplification and expression of FADD in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2009; 39:525-32. [PMID: 20040024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00847.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Fas-associated death domain-containing protein, FADD, is an adaptor for relaying apoptotic signals. However, recent studies have shown that FADD also plays an important role in the growth and regulation of the cell cycle. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of FADD in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS The DNA amplification of FADD from 30 samples of tongue SCC was analyzed using real-time PCR and the protein expression of FADD from 60 samples of tongue SCC was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The DNA amplifications of FADD were observed in 13 cases (44.3%) and were significantly correlated with the histopathological differentiation grade of SCCs (P = 0.009). FADD expression levels compared with the matched adjacent epithelium increased significantly (P = 0.000). Additionally, the positive expressions of FADD were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis of SCCs (P = 0.029) and the 5-year disease-specific survival rates (P = 0.049). A positive association between FADD expression level and the histopathological differentiation grade was found to be limited to T1 SCCs (P = 0.019). DNA amplification was moderately correlated (correlation coefficient = 0.406, P = 0.026) with expression of FADD in 30 samples of tongue SCC. CONCLUSION In tongue SCCs, the expression of FADD was higher when compared with that of adjacent areas, which might be determined via genomic amplification in 11q13.3. Thus, SCC cells with the expression of FADD are possibly more likely to become metastatic and to worsen survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanwit Prapinjumrune
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Restitution, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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34
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Tao XA, Li CY, Xia J, Yang X, Chen XH, Jian YT, Cheng B. Differential gene expression profiles of whole lesions from patients with oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 2009; 38:427-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00764.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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35
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Kuribayashi Y, Morita KI, Tomioka H, Uekusa M, Ito D, Omura K. Gene expression analysis by oligonucleotide microarray in oral leukoplakia. J Oral Pathol Med 2009; 38:356-61. [PMID: 19220711 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kuribayashi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Restitution, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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36
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Nakajima K, Umino KI, Azuma Y, Kosaka S, Takano K, Obara T, Sato K. Stimulating parathyroid cell proliferation and PTH release with phosphate in organ cultures obtained from patients with primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism for a prolonged period. J Bone Miner Metab 2009; 27:224-33. [PMID: 19194773 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-008-0032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of primary hyperparathyroidism (I degrees -HPT) and secondary hyperparathyroidism (II degrees -HPT) remains to be elucidated. To characterize their pathophysiology, we investigated the effects of calcium and phosphate on cell proliferation and PTH release in an organ culture of parathyroid tissues. Dissected parathyroid tissues obtained from patients with I degrees -HPT (adenoma) or II degrees -HPT (nodular hyperplasia) were precultured on a collagen-coated membrane for 1-4 week. After changing the medium for one containing various concentrations of phosphate, PTH release and [(3)H]thymidine incorporation were studied. In contrast to dispersed parathyroid cells cultured in a monolayer, calcium decreased PTH release in a concentration-dependent manner in parathyroid tissues. Furthermore, when parathyroid tissues obtained from II degrees -HPT were precultured for 1-4 weeks, PTH release and parathyroid cell proliferation were significantly increased in high-phosphate medium. These phosphate effects were also observed to a lesser extent in parathyroid tissues obtained from I degrees -HPT, but there was no significant difference between I degrees -HPT and II degrees -HPT. Microarray analyses revealed that mRNA levels of PTH, CaSR, and VDR were well preserved, and several growth factors (e.g. TGF-beta1-induced protein) were abundantly expressed in II degrees -HPT. Using organ cultures of hyperparathyroid tissues, in which PTH release and CaSR are well preserved for a prolonged period, we have demonstrated that phosphate stimulates parathyroid cell proliferation not only in II degrees -HPT but also in I degrees -HPT. Although the mechanism responsible for phosphate-induced cell proliferation remains to be elucidated, our in vitro findings suggest that both parathyroid tissues preserve to some extent a physiological response system to hyperphosphatemia as observed in normal parathyroid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishiko Nakajima
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Endocrinology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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37
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Roberg K, Ceder R, Farnebo L, Norberg-Spaak L, Grafström RC. Multiple genotypic aberrances associate to terminal differentiation-deficiency of an oral squamous cell carcinoma in serum-free culture. Differentiation 2008; 76:868-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2008.00267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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38
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Chen CB, Su YC, Huang TT, Ho HC, Chang YT, Tung YT, Lee WC. Differentially expressed serum haptoglobin alpha chain isoforms with potential application for diagnosis of head and neck cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 398:48-52. [PMID: 18727923 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 08/03/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of molecular biomarkers is crucial to the diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). METHODS Proteins from pre-surgery serum samples of patients with HNSCC and healthy individuals were analyzed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) using a 17 cm-long immobilized pH gradient gel strip (large gel). The differentially expressed protein spots were detected by statistical analysis. Because 2 haptoglobin (Hp) alpha chains were found to be differentially expressed, the genotypic distribution of Hp alpha chains in patients and healthy individuals was assayed by polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression levels of Hp alpha chains in individuals carrying different Hp alleles were analyzed by 2-DE with a small gel. RESULTS Two isoforms of haptoglobin alpha2 chain (Hp alpha2) in patients' sera were found from 2-DE analysis to be up-regulated, while the isoforms of haptoglobin alpha1 chain (Hp alpha1) were significantly down-regulated. Apolipoprotein AII and 2 isoforms of apolipoprotein CII were also differentially expressed in the sera of patients with HNSCC. The Hp alpha2 chain was significantly up-regulated in the patients carrying at least one haptoglobin 2 allele, according to the spot intensities from scanned images of small-gel 2-DE. CONCLUSIONS The expression pattern of seven differentially expressed polypeptides and the up-regulation of Hp alpha2 in individuals with the Hp 2 allele are potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Bin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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39
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Ahlborn GJ, Nelson GM, Ward WO, Knapp G, Allen JW, Ouyang M, Roop BC, Chen Y, O'Brien T, Kitchin KT, Delker DA. Dose response evaluation of gene expression profiles in the skin of K6/ODC mice exposed to sodium arsenite. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 227:400-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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40
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Sartini D, Santarelli A, Rossi V, Goteri G, Rubini C, Ciavarella D, Lo Muzio L, Emanuelli M. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase upregulation inversely correlates with lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med 2007. [PMID: 17622326 DOI: 10.2119/2007-00035.sartini] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated expression levels of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase (NNMT), an enzyme involved in the biotransformation of many drugs and xenobiotic compounds, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Measurements were performed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR in tumor and matched adjacent healthy tissue. Interestingly, NNMT was up-regulated in most of the favorable OSCCs, while no marked NNMT expression alterations between tumor and normal mucosa were detected in most of the unfavorable OSCCs. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses also were performed and the relationship between tumor characteristics and NNMT levels in OSCC were studied to evaluate the effectiveness of NNMT as a prognostic marker in the squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. In summary, the present study suggests that NNMT may have potential as a biomarker and a therapeutic target for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Sartini
- Institute of Biochemical Biotechnologies, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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41
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Abstract
The study of the profile of gene expression in a cell or tissue at a particular moment gives an insight into the plans of the cell for protein synthesis. Recent technological advances make it possible to analyze the expression of the entire genome in a single experiment. These "gene expression assays" complement or replace previous assays which measured the gene expression of only one gene, or a select group of genes. Within this chapter we outline the development of the gene expression assay and provide examples of the wide range of disciplines in which it is used. An overview of the current technologies is given, and includes an introduction to laser capture microdissection and linear amplification of RNA, both of which have extended the application of gene expression assays. Illustrative examples in the field of cancer and neuroscience highlight the scientific achievements. This technology has made in understanding the pathogenesis of diseases, including breast cancer, Huntington's disease, and schizophrenia. With recent advances including exon arrays to investigate alternative splicing, tiling arrays to investigate novel transcription start sites, and on-chip chromatin immunoprecipitation to investigate DNA-protein interactions, the future of gene expression assays is set to further our understanding of the complexities of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Kirby
- Academic Neurology Unit, Section of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
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42
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Sartini D, Santarelli A, Rossi V, Goteri G, Rubini C, Ciavarella D, Muzio LL, Emanuelli M. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase upregulation inversely correlates with lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. MOLECULAR MEDICINE (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2007; 13:415-21. [PMID: 17622326 PMCID: PMC1952675 DOI: 10.2119/2007–00035.sartini] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated expression levels of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase (NNMT), an enzyme involved in the biotransformation of many drugs and xenobiotic compounds, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Measurements were performed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR in tumor and matched adjacent healthy tissue. Interestingly, NNMT was up-regulated in most of the favorable OSCCs, while no marked NNMT expression alterations between tumor and normal mucosa were detected in most of the unfavorable OSCCs. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses also were performed and the relationship between tumor characteristics and NNMT levels in OSCC were studied to evaluate the effectiveness of NNMT as a prognostic marker in the squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. In summary, the present study suggests that NNMT may have potential as a biomarker and a therapeutic target for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Sartini
- Institute of Biochemical Biotechnologies, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Santarelli
- Institute of Dentistry and Stomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Rossi
- Institute of Biochemical Biotechnologies, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gaia Goteri
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Monica Emanuelli
- Institute of Biochemical Biotechnologies, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Monica Emanuelli, Istituto di Biotecnologie Biochimiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 69, 60131 Ancona, Italy. Phone: + 39 071 2204681; Fax: + 39 071 36751; E-mail:
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