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Lin MC, Hsu CL, Lai SF, Huang YL, Hsieh MS, Chen TC, Chen CN, Wang CP, Yang TL, Ko JY, Tsai MH, Lou PJ. Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Clinical Characteristics and Molecular Signatures. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:2183-2191. [PMID: 36300609 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS Spindle cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSpCC) is a rare variant of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study evaluated the clinical characteristics and molecular signatures of such tumors. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis. METHODS Medical records of patients diagnosed with HNSpCC from 1996 to 2018 were reviewed. The clinicopathologic features, treatment modalities, and survival status were carefully recorded. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed to evaluate the genetic signatures of HNSpCC. RESULTS We found that among all 71 patients included in this study, the majority of them were male, with tumors developing predominantly in the oral cavity. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were 64.6%, 49.5%, and 43.9%, respectively. A high local recurrence (LR) and distant metastasis (DM) rate (47.9%-25.3%, respectively) were observed. A significant proportion (28.2%) of patients with the worst prognosis had history of previous head and neck cancer (HNC) and had been treated with radiotherapy (RT). WES revealed that those post-RT SpCC shared common mutations with their previous HNC (pre-RT SCC), but gained additional genetic traits, such as hypoxia and cell-ECM interaction that were favorable for survival in an irradiated microenvironment. Distinct genetic landscapes in primary and post-RT SpCC were also found. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that HNSpCC is a unique entity with more aggressive behavior than conventional HNSCC. HNSpCC arising from a previously irradiated field is a predictor of dismal survival. Both genetic and microenvironmental factors contribute to this highly invasive tumor. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 133:2183-2191, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Fan Lai
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Huang
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shu Hsieh
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tseng-Cheng Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ping Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Yuh Ko
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Hsun Tsai
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kingsley C, Kourtidis A. Critical roles of adherens junctions in diseases of the oral mucosa. Tissue Barriers 2023; 11:2084320. [PMID: 35659464 PMCID: PMC10161952 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2084320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is directly exposed to a variety of environmental stimuli and contains a diverse microbiome that continuously interacts with the oral epithelium. Therefore, establishment and maintenance of the barrier function of the oral mucosa is of paramount importance for its function and for the body's overall health. The adherens junction is a cell-cell adhesion complex that is essential for epithelial barrier function. Although a considerable body of work has associated barrier disruption with oral diseases, the molecular underpinnings of these associations have not been equally investigated. This is critical, since adherens junction components also possess significant signaling roles in the cell, in addition to their architectural ones. Here, we summarize current knowledge involving adherens junction components in oral pathologies, such as cancer and oral pathogen-related diseases, while we also discuss gaps in the knowledge and opportunities for future investigation of the relationship between adherens junctions and oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kingsley
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Antonis Kourtidis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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CDH3 is associated with a poor prognosis by promoting the malignance and chemoresistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Asian J Surg 2022; 45:2651-2658. [PMID: 35305877 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CDH3 is recognized as an oncogene in various malignancies. Here, we aim to explore the association of CDH3 expression and prognostic implication in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS Bioinformatics was used to analyze differentially expressed genes in the TCGA database. The OSCC tissues of 136 cases were used for immunohistochemistry. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to analyze the relationship between prognostic factors, CDH3 expression and patient survival. Kaplan-Meier analysis was adopted to calculate survival rates. RT-qPCR and Western blot were performed to detect the expression levels of CDH3 in oral squamous cell lines. The cell viability and colony formation abilities were examined by CCK-8 and colony formation assays, respectively. Wound healing assay was performed to examine the invasion ability of cells. RESULTS CDH3 is up-regulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma and related to bad prognosis. Knock-down of CDH3 limited cell viability, colony formation ability, migration, invasion and chemoresistance of OSCC cells. CONCLUSION CDH3 is associated with a poor prognosis through promoting migration, invasion and chemoresistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Kadeh H, Saravani S, Miri Moghaddam E. Immunohistochemical Expression of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Proteins in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 16:354-361. [PMID: 34567183 PMCID: PMC8463764 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.20201.137498.2502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) is known to be a possible mechanism in tumor progression; however, there is insufficient evidence to support the contribution of this process in human cancers. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of EMT markers in normal oral epithelium and oral squamous cell carcinoma and also correlates with some clinicopathological parameters. Methods This study was conducted on 70 samples, including 20 cases of normal epithelium and 50 cases of Oral Squamous cell Carcinoma (OSCC). To examine the expression level of these proteins, immunohistochemical staining was performed for samples using E-cadherin and N-cadherin monoclonal antibodies. Results Reduced expression of E-cadherin was observed in 74% of OSCC and 15% of normal epithelium samples; this difference was statistically significant (P˂0.000). With the progression of SCC from well towards poor differentiation, the E-cadherin expression decreased; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.642). Normal epithelial specimens were negative for N-cadherin expression in 75% of cases, whereas OSCC specimens showed high expression of N-cadherin in 46% of cases, this difference was statistically significant (P=0.01). Although 62.5% of poorly differentiated OSCC showed high expression of N-cadherin, the difference between the histopathological grades was not significant (P=0.586). No significant relationship was found between markers expression and patient's age, gender, and tumor location. Conclusion This study showed that OSCC tissues showed high EMT phenotype (reduced E-cadherin expression and high expression of N-cadherin) compared to normal oral mucosa which may indicate the possible key role of EMT mechanism during oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Kadeh
- Oral & Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shirin Saravani
- Oral & Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Miri Moghaddam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and Metastasis by Scutellarein Regulating PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Signaling through PTEN Activation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168841. [PMID: 34445559 PMCID: PMC8396260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Scutellarein (SCU) is a well-known flavone with a broad range of biological activities against several cancers. Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is major cancer type due to its poor prognosis even after treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs, which causes a variety of side effects in patients. Therefore, efforts have been made to develop effective biomarkers in the treatment of HCC in order to improve therapeutic outcomes using natural based agents. The current study used SCU as a treatment approach against HCC using the HepG2 cell line. Based on the cell viability assessment up to a 200 μM concentration of SCU, three low-toxic concentrations of (25, 50, and 100) μM were adopted for further investigation. SCU induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and inhibited cell migration and proliferation in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, increased PTEN expression by SCU led to the subsequent downregulation of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway related proteins. In addition, SCU regulated the metastasis with EMT and migration-related proteins in HepG2 cells. In summary, SCU inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis in HepG2 cells through PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling by upregulation of PTEN, suggesting that SCU might be used as a potential agent for HCC therapy.
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Nguyen PT, Kanno K, Pham QT, Kikuchi Y, Kakimoto M, Kobayashi T, Otani Y, Kishikawa N, Miyauchi M, Arihiro K, Ito M, Tazuma S. Senescent hepatic stellate cells caused by deoxycholic acid modulates malignant behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:3255-3268. [PMID: 32870388 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Deoxycholic acid (DCA), a secondary bile acid, is reportedly increased in the serum of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and animals with experimentally induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its contribution to malignant behaviors of HCC has not been precisely clarified. This study aimed to examine the effect of DCA on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), a major component of nonparenchymal cells in the liver, and its subsequent indirect effect on HCC cells. METHODS LX2 cells, a human HSC line, were treated with DCA in vitro. Then, HuH7 cells, a human hepatoma cell line, were incubated in conditioned media of DCA-treated LX2 to investigate the subsequent effect focusing on malignant behaviors. RESULTS DCA resulted in cellular senescence in LX2 with the decreased cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest at G0/1 phase, together with the induction of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. To investigate the influence of SASP factors secreted by HSCs in response to DCA, HCC cells were treated with conditioned media that promoted cell migration and invasion via induction of epithelial mesenchymal transition. These changes were attenuated in the presence of neutralizing antibody against IL8 or TGFβ. Pathological analysis of surgical specimens from HCC patients revealed that senescent HSCs were detected in the stroma surrounding HCC. CONCLUSION Our data suggest an important role of HSC senescence caused by DCA for the malignant biological behaviors of HCC via induction of SASP factors, particularly IL8 and TGFβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thao Nguyen
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Keishi Kanno
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Quoc Thang Pham
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Yuka Kikuchi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masaki Kakimoto
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kobayashi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Otani
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Nobusuke Kishikawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Oral Maxillo-Pathobiology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koji Arihiro
- Department of Pathology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masanori Ito
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Susumu Tazuma
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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Omran NM, El-Sherbini SM, Hegazy O, Elshaarawy AA, Talaat RM. Crosstalk between miR-215 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition specific markers (E-cadherin and N-cadherin) in different stages of chronic HCV Infection. J Med Virol 2019; 92:1231-1238. [PMID: 31769519 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The main causes of death among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are a recurrence, metastasis, and deterioration of primary tumors by the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which is controlled by several molecules including E-cadherin and N-cadherin. Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) have been identified to play a regulatory role in EMT. miR-215 is important in repressing migration/invasion of cancer cells. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the crosstalk between miR-215 and EMT specific markers (E-cadherin and N-cadherin) with a spotlight on its role in the EMT process in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. One hundred forty-five patients were studied, 75 had HCV-induced cirrhosis classified into child A, B, and C and 25 had HCC. In parallel, 45 healthy volunteers considered as controls. Serum levels of E- and N-cadherin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and miR-215 expression measured by a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Insignificant change in serum levels of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in HCV-infected patients compared with normal controls was observed with a slight increase in E-cadherin and N-cadherin in the child B group. HCC patients had the lowest amount of E-cadherin and N-cadherin compared with cirrhotic and normal subjects. A maximum reduction in miR-215 was observed in HCC patients compared with cirrhotic and control ones. A positive correlation (r = .202; P < .05) was observed between miR-215 and E-cadherin. Our data stressed on the potential role of miR-215 as an important mediator in HCC progression. miRNAs participating in EMT needs further studies to provide insight into the metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen M Omran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menofia University, Al Minufya, Egypt
| | - Sherif M El-Sherbini
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Osama Hegazy
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, National Liver Institute, Menofia University, Al Minufya, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Elshaarawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menofia University, Al Minufya, Egypt
| | - Roba M Talaat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
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Silva DFB, Santos HBDP, León JE, Gomes DQDC, Alves PM, Nonaka CFW. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: a rare case. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2019; 17:eRC4610. [PMID: 30785474 PMCID: PMC6377040 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2019rc4610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma. This paper reports the case of a spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, in a 64-year-old male patient, and presents a review of the etiopathogenesis, clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features and treatment of the malignancy. The patient presented for evaluation of a painful swelling on his tongue. Extraoral examination revealed palpable submandibular and superior cervical lymph nodes. Based on the presumptive diagnoses of squamous cell carcinoma or malignant salivary gland neoplasm, an incisional biopsy was performed. Histopathological analysis showed a proliferation of atypical spindle cells, exhibiting extensive pleomorphism. Tumor cells were positive for vimentin, P53 and alpha-smooth muscle actin, focally positive for epithelial membrane antigen and P63, and negative for pan-cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), CK7, CD138, CD34, CD56, and S-100. The positivity index for Ki-67 was approximately 40%. The diagnosis of spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma was established and the patient was referred to a head and neck surgery service. In the oral cavity, spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is an aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma, which usually presents as an exophytic mass located on the tongue of elderly males. Due to its distinct histopathological characteristics, immunohistochemistry is a valuable and helpful tool to establish the diagnosis of spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge Esquiche León
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Chalcone Derivatives 4'-Amino-1-Naphthyl-Chalcone (D14) and 4'-Amino-4-Methyl-1-Naphthyl-Chalcone (D15) Suppress Migration and Invasion of Osteosarcoma Cells Mediated by p53 Regulating EMT-Related Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092838. [PMID: 30235848 PMCID: PMC6163733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumor that mainly affects children, adolescents, and young adults. The inhibition of metastasis is a main strategy of OS therapy since the development of metastatic disease due to drug resistance remains the most important cause of death from this cancer. Considering the severe side effects of current OS chemotherapy, the identification of anti-metastatic drugs with reduced toxicity is of great interest. Chalcones are polyphenols with a basic structure consisting of an α-, β-unsaturated carbonyl system linking two aryl rings. These compounds exhibit anticancer activity against a variety of tumor cell lines through multiple mechanisms, including the regulation of the tumor-suppressor protein p53 and its target genes. An important process regulated by p53 is epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which facilitates tumor metastasis by conferring migratory and invasive properties to cancer cells. The activation of p53 can revert EMT and reduce migration and invasion. This study aimed to examine the inhibitory effects of two 4′-aminochalcones on the migration/invasion of the U2OS (p53+/+) and SAOS-2 (p53−/−) OS cell lines as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Cell viability was examined by MTT assay. Transwell assays were used to evaluate the migratory and invasive ability of the cells. The two 4′-aminochalcones showed low capacity to inhibit the viability of OS cells independent of p53 status, but preferentially suppressed the migration of U2OS cells and of a SAOS-2 cell line expressing p53. Invasion was strongly inhibited by both chalcones independent of p53 status. RT-PCR, zymography, and Western blot were used to study the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and EMT markers after treatment with the chalcones. The results indicated that the 4′-aminochalcone-induced antimigratory and anti-invasive effects are potentially associated with the inhibition of extracellular matrix (ECM) enzymatic degradation in OS cells and with the modulation of EMT genes. These effects probably result from the induced increase of p53 protein expression by the two chalcones. In conclusion, chalcones D14 and D15 have potential anti-metastatic activity mediated by p53 that can be exploited for OS treatment.
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Nguyen PT, Nguyen D, Chea C, Miyauchi M, Fujii M, Takata T. Interaction between N-cadherin and decoy receptor-2 regulates apoptosis in head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31516-31530. [PMID: 30140387 PMCID: PMC6101147 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
N-cadherin is a neural cell adhesion molecule that aberrantly occurs in head and neck cancers to promote cancer cell growth. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that N-cadherin increases cancer cell growth by inhibiting apoptosis. Apoptosis eliminates old, unnecessary, and unhealthy cells. However, tumor cells have the ability of avoiding apoptosis that increases cancer cell growth. Recent studies have found that tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells by reacting with four distinct cell surface receptors: TRAIL-R1 (DR-4), TRAIL-R2 (DR-5), TRAIL-R3 (DcR-1), and TRAIL-R4 (DcR-2). Among these TRAIL receptors, the death receptors DR-4 and DR-5 transmit apoptotic signals owing to the death domain in the intracellular portion. Conversely, the decoy receptors DcR-1 and DcR-2 lack a complete intracellular portion, so neither can transmit apoptotic signals. DcR-1 or DcR-2 overexpression suppresses TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In this study, N-cadherin overexpression increased DcR-2 expression and decreased DR-5 expression. In contrast, knockdown of N-cadherin expression upregulated DR-5 expression and downregulated DcR-2 expression. A significantly positive relationship between N-cadherin and DcR-2 expression was also found in HNSCC specimens. Those specimens with a lower apoptotic index showed a higher expression of N-cadherin and/or DcR-2. In addition, we demonstrated that N-cadherin interacts directly with DcR-2. Notably, DcR-2 induces cancer cell survival through the cleavage of caspases and PARP by activating MAPK/ERK pathway and suppressing NF-kB/ p65 phosphorylation, which has a very important role in resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thao Nguyen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Basic Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Global Dental Medicine and Molecular Oncology, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Basic Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chanbora Chea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Basic Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Basic Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makiko Fujii
- Department of Global Dental Medicine and Molecular Oncology, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Takata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Basic Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Sotetsuflavone suppresses invasion and metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells by reversing EMT via the TNF-α/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Cell Death Discov 2018. [PMID: 29531823 PMCID: PMC5841291 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis, and offers insight into novel strategies for cancer treatment. Sotetsuflavone was isolated from Cycas revolute, which has excellent anticancer activity in the early stages. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-metastatic potential of sotetsuflavone in vitro. Our data demonstrated that sotetsuflavone inhibits metastasis of A549 cells, and EMT. This inhibition was reflected in the upregulation of E-cadherin, and downregulation of N-cadherin, vimentin, and Snail. Mechanistically, our study demonstrated that HIF-1α played an important role in the anti-metastatic effect of sotetsuflavone in non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells. Sotetsuflavone not only mediated VEGF expression but also downregulated VEGF and upregulated angiostatin, and simultaneously affected the expression of MMPs and decreased MMP-9 and MMP-13 expression. More importantly, HIF-1α expression may be regulated by the inhibition of PI3K/AKT and TNF-α/NF-κB pathways. These results suggest that sotetsuflavone can reverse EMT, thereby inhibiting the migration and invasion of A549 cells. This process may be associated with both PI3K/AKT and TNF-α/NF-κB pathways, and sotetsuflavone may be efficacious in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Lima TBD, Klein IP, Oliveira MGD, Rados PV, Sant'Ana M, Visioli F. Analysis of the Epithelium-Mesenchymal Transition Process on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Braz Dent J 2017; 28:543-547. [PMID: 29215676 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201701484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Bmi-1, and their association with clinical parameters and with the degree of histopathological differentiation in oral squamous cell carcinomas. 65 squamous cell carcinoma samples were used for constructing a tissue microarray block, and then immunohistochemistry was performed for different markers. A semi-quantitative analysis of the amount of positive tumor cells was performed by two blind and calibrated observers (Kappa>0.75). The statistical Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to evaluate the data. The correlation between variables was investigated by the Spearman test, and the significance level set at p<0.05. We observed higher expression of Bmi-1 in tumors located in the palate (p<0.0001). In addition, poorly differentiated tumors had a greater amount of Bmi-1 positive cells (p=0.0011). Regarding the other correlations between variables, no significant associations were detected. In conclusion, poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas located in the palate have higher immunostaining of Bmi-1, which can characterize activation of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition process in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiane Berguemaier de Lima
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Isadora Peres Klein
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Gaiger de Oliveira
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pantelis Varvaki Rados
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Manoel Sant'Ana
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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13
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Guo M, Mu Y, Yu D, Li J, Chen F, Wei B, Bi S, Yu J, Liang F. Comparison of the expression of TGF-β1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, TP53, RB1CC1 and HIF-1α in oral squamous cell carcinoma and lymph node metastases of humans and mice. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1639-1645. [PMID: 29399192 PMCID: PMC5774522 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to prove that a mouse model closely simulates human oral cancer progression by comparing the expression levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, tumor protein (TP)53, RB1 inducible coiled-coil (RB1CC)1 and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α at different stages of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in humans and mice. The expression levels of TGF-β1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, TP53, RB1CC1, and HIF-1α were detected by immunohistochemical staining in normal oral mucosa, oral mucosa dysplasia, OSCC primary tumor and carcinoma tissues from lymph node metastases. Tissue samples were obtained from human specimens and the Balb/c mouse model of lymphatic metastases oral carcinoma, induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in drinking water. The results indicated no significant differences in the expression levels of TGF-β1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, TP53, RB1CC1 and HIF-1α between humans and mice, at any stage of OSCC examined (P>0.05). The expression of TGF-β1, N-cadherin, TP53 and RB1CC1 increased in different stages of OSCC in both humans and mice. The expression of E-cadherin decreased from normal oral mucosa to OSCC, and increased in lymph node metastases in both human and mouse samples. The expression of HIF-1α increased from normal oral mucosa to OSCC, and decreased in lymph node metastases in both human and mouse samples. Additionally, the expression of p53 was positively correlated with that of RB1CC1 in human and mouse samples (r=0.971, P=0.029; r=0.97, P=0.03). Overall, the similar expression of multiple molecules in both human and mouse carcinoma prove that the mouse model of lymphatic metastases from oral carcinoma established in the present study may closely mimic human oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhu Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yun Mu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Dahai Yu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Fengqiang Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Baosheng Wei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Shichang Bi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Feixin Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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14
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Su YK, Huang WC, Lee WH, Bamodu OA, Zucha MA, Astuti I, Suwito H, Yeh CT, Lin CM. Methoxyphenyl chalcone sensitizes aggressive epithelial cancer to cisplatin through apoptosis induction and cancer stem cell eradication. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317691689. [PMID: 28466786 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317691689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current standard chemotherapy for late stage ovarian cancer is found unsuccessful due to relapse after completing the regimens. After completing platinum-based chemotherapy, 70% of patients develop relapse and resistance. Recent evidence proves ovarian cancer stem cells as the source of resistance. Therefore, treatment strategy to target both cancer stem cells and normal stem cells is essential. In this study, we developed a novel chalcone derivative as novel drug candidate for ovarian cancer treatment. We found that methoxyphenyl chalcone was effective to eliminate ovarian cancer cells when given either as monotherapy or in combination with cisplatin. We found that cell viability of ovarian cancer cells was decreased through apoptosis induction. Dephosphorylation of Bcl2-associated agonist of cell death protein was increased after methoxyphenyl chalcone treatment that led to activation of caspases. Interestingly, this drug also worked as a G2/M checkpoint modulator with alternative ways of DNA damage signal-evoking potential that might work to increase response after cisplatin treatment. In addition, methoxyphenyl chalcone was able to suppress autophagic flux and stemness regulator in ovarian spheroids that decreased their survival. Therefore, combination of methoxyphenyl chalcone and cisplatin showed synergistic effects. Taken together, we believe that our novel compound is a promising novel therapeutic agent for effective clinical treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Su
- 1 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,2 Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Huang
- 3 Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,5 Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hwa Lee
- 6 Department of Pathology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu
- 7 Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,8 Department of Medical Research and Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Ary Zucha
- 7 Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,8 Department of Medical Research and Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Indwiani Astuti
- 9 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Heri Suwito
- 10 Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- 7 Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,8 Department of Medical Research and Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Min Lin
- 1 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,2 Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Lim W, Kim HE, Kim Y, Na R, Li X, Jeon S, Choi H, Kim O. Association between cancer stem cell-like properties and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in primary and secondary cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:991-1000. [PMID: 27315437 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the theories on cancer stem cells (CSCs) states that these cells initiate most tumors and give rise to more-or-less differentiated tumor cells. Genetic signatures of CSCs are thought to predict tumor recurrence and metastases, thus, supporting the notion that CSCs may be metastatic precursors and induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we tried to examine the association between CSCs and EMT (using specific markers) in the mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell line YD15 and its derivative cell line YD15M (lymph node metastasis). Relative protein expression levels were analyzed by western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence assays. In addition, cell cycle assay and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity assay were carried out. Under growth conditions, YD15M cells formed irregular spherical colonies consistent with a stem cell phenotype. YD15M cells demonstrated the low expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin but high expression of vimentin than that in YD15 cells. In the metastatic cells (YD15M), the coexpression of vimentin and CD133 was detected. Weak proliferation based on cell cycle analysis and decreased PCNA expression was also observed. In addition, expression levels of ALDHA1, OCT4, and NANOG (CSC-like properties) were significantly increased in YD15M cells. Taken together, these findings should help to elucidate the interplay between EMT and CSC-like properties during metastasis and may provide useful information for the development of a novel classification system and therapeutic strategies against head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonbong Lim
- Department of Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Risu Na
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Stomatology College of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Sangmi Jeon
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongran Choi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Okjoon Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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16
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Angadi PV, Patil PV, Angadi V, Mane D, Shekar S, Hallikerimath S, Kale AD, Kardesai SG. Immunoexpression of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Proteins E-Cadherin, β-Catenin, and N-Cadherin in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Surg Pathol 2016; 24:696-703. [PMID: 27312520 DOI: 10.1177/1066896916654763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aims Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial process for acquisition of malignant phenotype, aggressiveness, and metastatic capacity in neoplasms. It is characterized by loss of epithelial markers and gain of mesenchymal markers. Studies on EMT and its potential association with the histological grading are sparse in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aims to evaluate the expression of EMT-associated proteins-E-cadherin, β-catenin, and N-cadherin-in different grades of OSCC. Methodology In all, 60 cases of OSCC further subdivided into 20 cases each of well-, moderately, and poorly differentiated OSCCs were stained immunohistochemically with E-cadherin, β-catenin, and N-cadherin antibodies. The differences in the expression were evaluated using χ2 and Fisher exact tests, whereas Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the markers. Results A reduced E-cadherin expression noted in 40% of the OSCCs was associated with reduced β-catenin expression in 66.6% of the cases and increase in the expression of mesenchymal N-cadherin seen in 80% of cases. This expression pattern demonstrated a significant association with histological grades. A membrane to cytoplasmic shift of E-cadherin (73.3%) and β-catenin (78.3%) increased with histological grade. A negative correlation was observed with the E-cadherin and N-cadherin localization, though it did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion OSCC tissues had high levels of EMT phenotype as compared with the normal oral mucosa. This phenotype was characterized by reduced E-cadherin and β-catenin expression and overexpression of N-cadherin. Aberrant localization of the studied proteins was a hallmark for depicting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punnya V Angadi
- KLE University's VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Vidya Angadi
- KLE University's VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepa Mane
- KLE University's VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Saurabh Shekar
- KLE University's VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Alka D Kale
- KLE University's VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - S G Kardesai
- KLE University's JN Medical College, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
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17
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Porto LPA, dos Santos JN, Ramalho LMP, Figueiredo AL, Carneiro Júnior B, Gurgel CA, Paiva KBS, Xavier FCA. E-cadherin regulators are differentially expressed in the epithelium and stroma of keratocystic odontogenic tumors. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 45:302-11. [PMID: 26525778 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the process where cells lose their epithelial features and acquire properties of typical mesenchymal cells. The dissociation of tumor cells due to changes in cell-cell adhesion is one of the key principles of tumor invasion and EMT. Thus, the knowledge of the molecular features of EMT in keratocyst odontogenic tumor (KOT) can provide useful markers to aid in the diagnosis and prognosis and perhaps contribute to an alternative therapeutic approach as it shows an aggressive clinical behavior and high recurrence rates. This study aimed to evaluate the EMT in KOT by the immunoexpression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail, and Slug and comparing to radicular cysts and dental follicles. METHODS Thirty-two KOTs, 15 radicular cysts, and 08 dental follicles were used for immunohistochemistry, evaluating the extent, intensity, labeling pattern, cellular compartment in the epithelium and stroma, and the presence of inflammation. RESULTS E-cadherin was preserved in most cases of keratocystic odontogenic tumor. N-cadherin was increased in the tumor epithelium, a result that was positively correlated with the heterogeneous and nuclear immunoexpression of Slug in the epithelium; Slug also correlated with high Snail immunoexpression. N-cadherin was positively correlated with Slug in the stroma of keratocystic odontogenic tumors. CONCLUSIONS The high immunoexpression of Snail and nuclear Slug in keratocystic odontogenic tumors suggests these proteins as transcription factors without necessarily participating in 'cadherin switching'. However, the knowledge of their induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in odontogenic tumors is still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Pontes Arruda Porto
- Pos-graduate Program of Dentistry and Health, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jean Nunes dos Santos
- Surgical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical Practicum, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luciana Maria Pedreira Ramalho
- Department of Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical Practicum, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Andreia Leal Figueiredo
- Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bráulio Carneiro Júnior
- Pos-graduate Program of Dentistry and Health, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Araújo Gurgel
- Department of Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical Practicum, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Katiúcia Batista Silva Paiva
- Extracellular Matrix Biology and Cellular Interaction Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Caló Aquino Xavier
- Surgical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical Practicum, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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18
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Bice TC, Tran V, Merkley MA, Newlands SD, van der Sloot PG, Wu S, Miller MC. Disease-Specific Survival with Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599815594360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives (1) Determine factors influencing survival in patients diagnosed with spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC), a rare variant of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). (2) Compare survival of patients with SpCC to those with conventional SCC. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database (years 2004-2009). Subjects and Methods Among patients receiving treatment for a single primary in the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx, 118 subjects with SpCC and 18,298 subjects with SCC were identified with complete data for the variables of age, sex, grade, tumor size, stage group, and TNM stage. Disease-specific survival curves were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the effects of each factor on survival over all sites and within each of 3 sites. Results Univariate analysis of the combination of the 3 anatomic subsites showed survival with SpCC was worse than with conventional SCC ( P < .001). Three-year disease-specific survival with SpCC was 49.5%, and 5-year disease-specific survival was 40.2%. Compared with conventional SCC, survival was worse for SpCC of the oral cavity ( P < .001) and oropharynx ( P < .001) but no different for the larynx and hypopharynx site ( P = .15). Multivariate analysis identified age ( P = .02), tumor size ( P = .006), and M stage ( P < .001) as the only variables significantly affecting survival with SpCC. All variables significantly affected survival with conventional SCC. Conclusions Spindle cell carcinoma carries a worse prognosis than SCC. Larger tumor size, older age, and metastatic disease portend worse survival with SpCC of the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan C. Bice
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Van Tran
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Mark A. Merkley
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Shawn D. Newlands
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Paul G. van der Sloot
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Matthew C. Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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19
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Shah AA, Jeffus SK, Stelow EB. Squamous cell carcinoma variants of the upper aerodigestive tract: a comprehensive review with a focus on genetic alterations. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2014; 138:731-44. [PMID: 24878013 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2013-0070-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract is a heterogenous entity. Although conventional squamous cell carcinomas are easily recognized, the morphologic variants of squamous cell carcinoma can present a diagnostic challenge. Familiarity with these variants is necessary because many are associated with unique risk factors and are characterized by specific molecular alterations (eg, nuclear protein in testis midline carcinomas). Perhaps the most important distinction is in identifying viral-related from nonviral-related carcinomas. The accurate diagnosis of these variants is necessary for prognostic and therapeutic reasons. OBJECTIVES To provide a clinicopathologic overview and summary of the molecular alterations of the common squamous cell carcinoma variants, including verrucous, spindle cell, acantholytic, adenosquamous, basaloid, and papillary squamous cell carcinoma, as well as nuclear protein in testis midline carcinoma, and to discuss the distinguishing features of human papillomavirus- and Epstein-Barr virus-related squamous cell carcinomas. DATA SOURCES Published peer-reviewed literature. CONCLUSIONS Familiarity with squamous cell carcinoma variants is essential for proper diagnosis and to guide appropriate clinical management. Further insight into the molecular alterations underlying those variants may lead to alterations in existing treatment approaches and to evolution of novel treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeesha A Shah
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville
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20
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Curry JM, Sprandio J, Cognetti D, Luginbuhl A, Bar-ad V, Pribitkin E, Tuluc M. Tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Semin Oncol 2014; 41:217-34. [PMID: 24787294 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is comprised of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune cells, and other supporting cells. Genetic changes in the carcinoma cells, such as alterations to TP53, NOTCH1, and specific gene expression profiles, contribute to derangements in cancer and microenvironment cells such as increased ROS, overproduction of cytokines, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). CAFs are among the most critical elements of the TME contributing to proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The adaptive immune response is suppressed in HNSCC through overexpression of cytokines, triggered apoptosis of T cells, and alterations in antigen processing machinery. Overexpression of critical cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), contributes to EMT, immune suppression, and evolution of CAFs. Inflammation and hypoxia are driving forces in angiogenesis and altered metabolism. HNSCC utilizes glycolytic and oxidative metabolism to fuel tumorigenesis via coupled mechanisms between cancer cell regions and cells of the TME. Increased understanding of the TME in HNSCC illustrates that the long-held notion of "condemned mucosa" reflects a process that extends beyond the epithelial cells to the entire tissue comprised of each of these elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - John Sprandio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David Cognetti
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Adam Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Voichita Bar-ad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Edmund Pribitkin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Madalina Tuluc
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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21
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Ding L, Zhang Z, Shang D, Cheng J, Yuan H, Wu Y, Song X, Jiang H. α-Smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts, in association with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and lymphogenesis, is a critical prognostic parameter in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 43:335-43. [PMID: 24313357 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive myofibroblasts play a pivotal role in progression and metastasis of solid carcinomas. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells and lymphogenesis of tumor microenvironment are the important events in tumor metastasis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the expression of myofibroblasts marker, α-SMA, and clinicopathological features, EMT, lymphogenesis, and prognostic status in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). METHODS Immunohistochemisty was used to detect α-SMA expression in 50 OTSCCs. EMT and lymphogenesis were also identified by immunostaining with N-cadherin, vimentin, and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1). RESULTS There was a significant correlation respectively between the α-SMA (P = 0.002), vimentin (P < 0.001), N-cadherin (P = 0.025) expression and cervical lymph node metastasis of OTSCC. Carcinomas with α-SMA (P = 0.001), vimentin (P = 0.003), and N-cadherin (P = 0.012) expression were more advanced in terms of tumor-node-metastases status. Univariate analysis showed that pathologic node status (P < 0.001), α-SMA (P = 0.001), and vimentin expression (P = 0.044) was significantly associated with overall survival time, but multivariate analysis just showed the α-SMA expression (P = 0.008) and pathologic node status (P = 0.003) was independently predictive of prognosis. Furthermore, statistical analysis showed significant correlation between α-SMA expression and vimentin (P = 0.037), N-cadherin (P = 0.019), or LYVE-1 positive vessel count (P = 0.041). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts have important impacts on cancer progression, metastasis, and survival prognosis of patients with OTSCC. The functions of α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts in OTSCC may be associated with promoting EMT of tumor cells and lymphogenesis of metastasis microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Overexpression of N-cadherin is correlated with metastasis and worse survival in colorectal cancer patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5813-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Zaman A, Rahaman MH, Razzaque S. Kaposi's sarcoma: a computational approach through protein-protein interaction and gene regulatory networks analysis. Virus Genes 2012; 46:242-54. [PMID: 23266878 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Interactomic data for Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpes virus (KSHV)-the causative agent of vascular origin tumor called Kaposi's sarcoma-is relatively modest to date. The objective of this study was to assign functions to the previously uncharacterized ORFs in the virus using computational approaches and subsequently fit them to the host interactome landscape on protein, gene, and cellular level. On the basis of expression data, predicted RNA interference data, reported experimental data, and sequence based functional annotation we also tried to hypothesize the ORFs role in lytic and latent cycle during viral infection. We studied 17 previously uncharacterized ORFs in KSHV and the host-virus interplay seems to work in three major functional pathways-cell division, transport, metabolic and enzymatic in general. Studying the host-virus crosstalk for lytic phase predicts ORF 10 and ORF 11 as a predicted virus hub whereas PCNA is predicted as a host hub. On the other hand, ORF31 has been predicted as a latent phase inducible protein. KSHV invests a lion's share of its coding potential to suppress host immune response; various inflammatory mediators such as IFN-γ, TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 are negatively regulated by the ORFs while Il-10 secretion is stimulated in contrast. Although, like any other computational prediction, the study requires further validation, keeping into account the reproducibility and vast sample size of the systems biology approach the study allows us to propose an integrated network for host-virus interaction with good confidence. We hope that the study, in the long run, would help us identify effective dug against potential molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubhishek Zaman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
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24
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Smith A, Teknos TN, Pan Q. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2012. [PMID: 23182398 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic cellular process that is essential for the development of metastatic disease. During EMT, a tumor cell with epithelial characteristics transitions to a tumor cell with mesenchymal characteristics through modulation of cell polarity and adhesion. Two hallmark EMT proteins, E-Cadherin and Vimentin, are tightly controlled during EMT through multiple signal transduction pathways. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factorβ (TGFβ) promote EMT by regulating a distinct set of transcription factors, including Snail and Twist. Snail, Twist, and Slug are integral to the induction of EMT through direct regulation of genes involved in cellular adhesion, migration, and invasion. This review highlights the current literature on EMT in HNSCC. Understanding the role of EMT will provide insight to the pathogenesis of disease progression and may lead to the development of novel anti-cancer therapeutics for metastatic HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center at Ohio State University, 442 Tzagournis Medical Research, 420 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Minafra L, Norata R, Bravatà V, Viola M, Lupo C, Gelfi C, Messa C. Unmasking epithelial-mesenchymal transition in a breast cancer primary culture: a study report. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:343. [PMID: 22759679 PMCID: PMC3522033 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immortalized cancer cell lines are now well-established procedures in biomedicine for a more complete understanding of cellular processes in cancer. However, they are more useful in preparation of fresh tumour tissue, in order to obtain cancer cells with highly preserved individual tumour properties. In the present study we report an analytical investigation on a breast cancer primary cell culture isolated from a surgical specimen obtained from a patient with an infiltrating ductal carcinoma. The objective of the research was to reveal unrecognized aspects of neoplastic cells, typical of the tumour from where the cells were derived, but masked in fixed tissue sections, in order to better predict the aggressive potentiality of the tumour. Findings Using a combination of mechanical and enzymatic treatment, the tumour tissue was dissociated immediately after surgical removal. The primary cells were isolated by differential cell centrifugation and grown in selective media. Immunocytochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR analysis were performed to detect the presence of specific biomarkers at protein and transcript level. The isolated primary breast cancer cells displayed phenotypic behaviour, characteristic of malignant cells and expression of several mesenchymal markers, revealing a strong signature for the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition associated to a stellate morphology with a number of cellular protrusions and the attitude to overgrow as multilayered overlapping cellular foci. Conclusions Our data are a further meaningful indication that primary cell cultures represent a powerful system that could be applied to those cases deserving a deeper investigation at molecular level in order to design individualized anticancer therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Minafra
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Council of Researches (CNR), Cefalù-Segrate, Italy.
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Krisanaprakornkit S, Iamaroon A. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:681469. [PMID: 22548191 PMCID: PMC3324906 DOI: 10.5402/2012/681469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the drastic human cancers due to its aggressiveness and high mortality rate. Of all oral cancers, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common accounting for more than 90%. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is suggested to play an important role during cancer invasion and metastasis. Recently, emerging knowledge on EMT in carcinogenesis is explosive, tempting us to analyze previous studies on EMT in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this paper, we have first addressed the general molecular mechanisms of EMT, evidenced by alterations of cell morphology during EMT, the presence of cadherin switching, turning on and turning off of many specific genes, the activation of various signaling pathways, and so on. The remaining part of this paper will focus on recent findings of the investigations of EMT on OSCC. These include the evidence of EMT taking place in OSCC and the signaling pathways employed by OSCC cells during their invasion and metastasis. Collectively, with the large body of new knowledge on EMT in OSCC elaborated here, we are hopeful that targeting treatment for OSCC will be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Fassina A, Cappellesso R, Guzzardo V, Dalla Via L, Piccolo S, Ventura L, Fassan M. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in malignant mesothelioma. Mod Pathol 2012; 25:86-99. [PMID: 21983934 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2011.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a physiopathological process by which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal shape and properties. Malignant mesothelioma is histologically characterized by the concomitant presence of epithelioid and sarcomatoid features, the latter being associated to worse prognosis, thus suggesting a role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in this dual phenotype. We studied 109 malignant mesotheliomas (58 epithelioid, 26 sarcomatoid, and 25 biphasic) by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR analysis, and demonstrated a substantial switch from epithelial markers (E-cadherin, β-catenin, and cytokeratins 5/6) to mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin, Snail, Slug, Twist, ZEB1, ZEB2, S100A4, MMP2, and MMP9) through epithelioid to biphasic and sarcomatoid histotypes. In agreement with these findings, the ectopic expression of miR-205 (a repressor of ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression) in MeT-5A (mesothelial cell line), H2452 (an epithelioid malignant mesothelioma cell line) and MSTO-211H (a biphasic malignant mesothelioma cell line) not only induced a significant reduction of ZEB1 and ZEB2 and a consequent up-regulation of E-cadherin gene expression, but also inhibited migration and invasion. Moreover, miR-205 was significantly down-regulated in biphasic and sarcomatoid histotypes (qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization analyses). Collectively, our findings indicate that epithelial-mesenchymal transition has a significant part in the morphological features of malignant mesothelioma. In particular, miR-205 down-regulation correlated significantly with both a mesenchymal phenotype and a more aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrogio Fassina
- Department of Diagnostic Medical Sciences and Special Therapies, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Zhao X, Wu Z, Xu Z, Wang Z, Wu J, Su W. [Effects of Feiyanning on the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal factors in highly metastatic lung cancer cells 95-D]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2011; 14:467-71. [PMID: 21645447 PMCID: PMC5999899 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2011.06.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
背景与目的 前期体内实验证实肺岩宁方具有上调上皮细胞标志因子、Alpha-catenin、beta-catenin、E-Cadherin和下调间质细胞标志因子N-cadherin、Fibronectin的作用,而对Vimentin无明显作用。在此基础上,本研究旨在进一步以人高转移95-D肺癌细胞为研究对象,探讨肺岩宁方对上皮-间质细胞标志因子基因和蛋白表达的影响。 方法 采用不同浓度肺岩宁血清干预治疗人高转移肺癌细胞95-D的基础上,采用Real-time PCR及Western blot方法检测对上皮-间质细胞标志因子Alpha-catenin、beta-catenin、E-Cadherin、N-cadherin、Fibronectin、Vimentin基因和蛋白表达的影响。 结果 Real-time PCR结果表明:与对照组相比较,20%肺岩宁处理组Alpha-catenin表达上调(P < 0.05),20%、25%肺岩宁处理组E-Cadherin表达上调(P < 0.05, P < 0.01);各肺岩宁处理组beta-catenin表达无明显改变;5%、10%肺岩宁处理组间质细胞标志因子Vimentin表达下调(P < 0.01),各肺岩宁处理组N-cadherin、Fibronectin无明显改变;Western blot结果表明:5%、10%、15%、20%、25%肺岩宁处理组E-Cadherin蛋白表达上调(P < 0.01),各肺岩宁处理组Alpha-catenin、beta-catenin蛋白表达无明显改变;5%、10%肺岩宁处理组N-cadherin、Fibronectin蛋白表达下调(P < 0.01),各肺岩宁处理组Vimentin蛋白表达无明显改变。 结论 肺岩宁方通过调控部分上皮-间质细胞标志因子的表达,从而抑制肿瘤异质粘附能力和运动能力来参与肺癌的侵袭和转移。
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Zhao
- Department of Oncology Section of Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute of Chinese Medicine, and Science and Technology Experiment Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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