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Leng G, Duan B, Liu J, Li S, Zhao W, Wang S, Hou G, Qu J. The advancements and prospective developments in anti-tumor targeted therapy. Neoplasia 2024; 56:101024. [PMID: 39047659 PMCID: PMC11318541 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.101024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Cancer poses a major threat to human health worldwide. The development of anti-tumor materials provides new modalities for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the research progress and clinical applications of anti-tumor materials. First, we introduce the etiology and pathogenesis of cancer, and the significance and challenges of anti-tumor materials research. Then, we classify anti-tumor materials and discuss their mechanisms of action. After that, we elaborate the research advances and clinical applications of anti-tumor materials, including those targeting tumor cells and therapeutic instruments. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives and challenges in the field of anti-tumor materials. This review aims to provide an overview of the current status of anti-tumor materials research and application, and to offer insights into future directions in this rapidly evolving field, which holds promise for more precise, efficient and customized treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Leng
- School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Baorong Duan
- Research Center for Leather and Protein of College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Department of Physics, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Song Li
- School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Guige Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Jiale Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China.
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2
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Domka W, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Mytych W, Myśliwiec A, Dynarowicz K, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Aebisher D. Photodynamic Therapy for Eye, Ear, Laryngeal Area, and Nasal and Oral Cavity Diseases: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:645. [PMID: 38339396 PMCID: PMC10854993 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising modality for the treatment of various diseases. This non-invasive approach utilizes photosensitizing agents and light to selectively target and destroy abnormal cells, providing a valuable alternative to traditional treatments. Research studies have explored the application of PDT in different areas of the head. Research is focusing on a growing number of new developments and treatments for cancer. One of these methods is PDT. Photodynamic therapy is now a revolutionary, progressive method of cancer therapy. A very important feature of PDT is that cells cannot become immune to singlet oxygen. With this therapy, patients can avoid lengthy and costly surgeries. PDT therapy is referred to as a safe and highly selective therapy. These studies collectively highlight the potential of PDT as a valuable therapeutic option in treating the head area. As research in this field progresses, PDT may become increasingly integrated into the clinical management of these conditions, offering a balance between effectiveness and minimal invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Domka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Wiktoria Mytych
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Centre for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Centre for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Carigga Gutierrez NM, Pujol-Solé N, Arifi Q, Coll JL, le Clainche T, Broekgaarden M. Increasing cancer permeability by photodynamic priming: from microenvironment to mechanotransduction signaling. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:899-934. [PMID: 36155874 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The dense cancer microenvironment is a significant barrier that limits the penetration of anticancer agents, thereby restraining the efficacy of molecular and nanoscale cancer therapeutics. Developing new strategies to enhance the permeability of cancer tissues is of major interest to overcome treatment resistance. Nonetheless, early strategies based on small molecule inhibitors or matrix-degrading enzymes have led to disappointing clinical outcomes by causing increased chemotherapy toxicity and promoting disease progression. In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a novel approach to increase the permeability of cancer tissues. By producing excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species selectively in the cancer microenvironment, PDT increases the accumulation, penetration depth, and efficacy of chemotherapeutics. Importantly, the increased cancer permeability has not been associated to increased metastasis formation. In this review, we provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which this effect, called photodynamic priming, can increase cancer permeability without promoting cell migration and dissemination. This review demonstrates that PDT oxidizes and degrades extracellular matrix proteins, reduces the capacity of cancer cells to adhere to the altered matrix, and interferes with mechanotransduction pathways that promote cancer cell migration and differentiation. Significant knowledge gaps are identified regarding the involvement of critical signaling pathways, and to which extent these events are influenced by the complicated PDT dosimetry. Addressing these knowledge gaps will be vital to further develop PDT as an adjuvant approach to improve cancer permeability, demonstrate the safety and efficacy of this priming approach, and render more cancer patients eligible to receive life-extending treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Núria Pujol-Solé
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Qendresa Arifi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Tristan le Clainche
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Mans Broekgaarden
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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Yoon HE, Ahn MY, Kim YC, Yoon JH. Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death by synthesized Pa-PDT in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:1722-1730. [PMID: 36299346 PMCID: PMC9588792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic alternative for malignant tumors that uses a photosensitizer. This study examined whether synthesized Pheophorbide a (Pa) -PDT induced apoptosis and autophagy involving endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Materials and methods Human OSCC cells were treated with Pa-PDT, and cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay. Apoptosis and autophagy were measured using Western blot analysis. ER stress was examined using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. In vivo murine OSCC animal model were treated with intratumoral (IT) Pa-PDT, and investigated the therapeutic effect. Results Pa-PDT significantly inhibited the proliferation of human OSCC cells in a dose-dependent manner. Pa-PDT induced intrinsic apoptotic cell death and also induced autophagy. Pa-PDT induced ER stress which was observed as demonstrated by the up-regulation of the ER stress marker. Inhibition of the ER stress pathway using 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) decreased CHOP and induced inhibition of cell deaths. In addition, the inhibition of ER stress enhanced Pa-PDT mediated autophagy. IT Pa-PDT significantly inhibited the tumor growth and induced apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in vivo OSCC cells transplanted model. Conclusion This study showed that synthesized Pa-PDT induced ER stress trigger apoptosis and apoptotic cell death pathways in OSCC cells. The inhibition of ER stress declined Pa-PDT mediated cytotoxicity with an increase of autophagy. These results may provide Pa-PDT exerts anti-tumor effects through ER stress pathway in OSCC cells and may provide a basis for developing Pa-PDT targeting ER stress as a therapy for OSCC.
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Sobhani N, Samadani AA. Implications of photodynamic cancer therapy: an overview of PDT mechanisms basically and practically. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2021; 33:34. [PMID: 34778919 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-021-00093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor eradication is one of the most important challengeable categories in oncological studies. In this account, besides the molecular genetics methods including cell therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and general cancer therapy procedures like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, photodynamic adjuvant therapy is of great importance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a relatively noninvasive therapeutic method utilizes the irradiation of an appropriate wavelength which is absorbed by a photosensitizing agent in the presence of oxygen. In this procedure, a series of events lead to the direct death of malignant cells such as damage to the microvasculature and also the induction of a local inflammatory function. PDT has participated with other treatment modalities especially in the early stage of malignant tumors and has resulted in decreasing morbidity besides improving survival rate and quality of life. High spatial resolution of PDT has attracted considerable attention in the field of image-guided photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy of multidrug resistance cancers. Although PDT outcomes vary across the different tumor types, minimal natural tissue toxicity, minor systemic effects, significant reduction in long-term disease, lack of innate or acquired resistance mechanisms, and excellent cosmetic effects, as well as limb function, make it a valuable treatment option for combination therapies. SHORT CONCLUSION In this review article, we tried to discuss the potential of PDT in the treatment of some dermatologic and solid tumors, particularly all its important mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Sobhani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Healthy Ageing Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran. .,Clinical Research Development Unit of Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Fang J, Yang Z, Xie J, Li Z, Hu C, Yang M, Zhou X. Identification and validation of autophagy-related prognostic signature for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101094. [PMID: 33878525 PMCID: PMC8080081 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identify novel autophagy-related signature for OS and DSS in HNSCC patients. The role of autophagy in tumor immune microenvironment. Provide promising targets that can enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
Background Many studies have demonstrated that autophagy plays a significant role in regulating tumor growth and progression. However, the effect of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) on the prognosis have rarely been analyzed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods We obtained differentially expressed ARGs from HNSCC mRNA data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. And then we performed gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses to explore the autophagy-related biological functions. The overall survival (OS)-related and disease specific survival (DSS)-related ARGs were identified by univariate Cox regression analyses. With these genes, we established OS-related and DSS-related risk signature by LASSO regression method, respectively. We validated the reliability of the risk signature with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, clinical correlation analysis, and nomogram. Then we analyzed relationships between risk signature and immune cell infiltration. Results We established the prognostic signatures based on 14 ARGs for OS and 12 ARGs for DSS. The ROC curves, survival analysis, and nomogram validated the predictive accuracy of the models. Clinic correlation analysis showed that the risk group was closely related to Stage, pathological T stage, pathological N stage and human papilloma virus (HPV) subtype. Cox regression demonstrated that the risk score was an independent predictor for the prognosis of HNSCC patients. Furthermore, patients in low-risk score group exhibited higher immunescore and distinct immune cell infiltration than high-risk score group. And we further analysis revealed that the copy number alterations (CNAs) of ARGs-based signature affected the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Conclusion In this study, we identified novel autophagy-related signature for the prediction of OS and DSS in patients with HNSCC. Meanwhile, our study provides a novel sight to understand the role of autophagy and elucidate the important role of autophagy in tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Ziang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Minlan Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China.
| | - Xuhong Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China.
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Lee H, Park HY, Jeong TS. Pheophorbide a Derivatives Exert Antiwrinkle Effects on UVB-Induced Skin Aging in Human Fibroblasts. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020147. [PMID: 33671886 PMCID: PMC7918994 DOI: 10.3390/life11020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheophorbide a is a chlorophyll metabolic breakdown product. This study investigated the antiwrinkle effect of pheophorbide a (PA) and its derivatives, including pyropheophorbide a (PyroPA) and pyropheophorbide a methyl ester (PyroPA-ME), on ultraviolet (UV) B-stimulated CCD-986sk fibroblasts. PA, PyroPA, and PyroPA-ME effectively suppressed reactive oxygen species accumulation in UVB-exposed CCD-986sk fibroblasts. All three pheophorbides also reduced UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 secretion and mRNA expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Treatment with pheophorbides resulted in increased procollagen synthesis, and this required enhancement of procollagen type I C-peptide content and mRNA expression of collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) and COL1A2 in CCD-986sk cells. These antiwrinkle effects were more potent with PA and PyroPA than with PyroPA-ME. Furthermore, PA and PyroPA suppressed UVB-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase but not p38. Moreover, all three pheophorbides inhibited NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. Therefore, these pheophorbides, especially PA and PyroPA, can be used as antiwrinkle agents, and PA- or PyroPA-rich natural resources can be used in functional cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ho-Yong Park
- Correspondence: (H.-Y.P.); (T.-S.J.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4650 (H.-Y.P.); +82-42-860-4558 (T.-S.J.)
| | - Tae-Sook Jeong
- Correspondence: (H.-Y.P.); (T.-S.J.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4650 (H.-Y.P.); +82-42-860-4558 (T.-S.J.)
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Martins WK, Belotto R, Silva MN, Grasso D, Suriani MD, Lavor TS, Itri R, Baptista MS, Tsubone TM. Autophagy Regulation and Photodynamic Therapy: Insights to Improve Outcomes of Cancer Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 10:610472. [PMID: 33552982 PMCID: PMC7855851 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.610472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is considered an age-related disease that, over the next 10 years, will become the most prevalent health problem worldwide. Although cancer therapy has remarkably improved in the last few decades, novel treatment concepts are needed to defeat this disease. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) signalize a pathway to treat and manage several types of cancer. Over the past three decades, new light sources and photosensitizers (PS) have been developed to be applied in PDT. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge to explain the main biochemical routes needed to trigger regulated cell death mechanisms, affecting, considerably, the scope of the PDT. Although autophagy modulation is being raised as an interesting strategy to be used in cancer therapy, the main aspects referring to the autophagy role over cell succumbing PDT-photoinduced damage remain elusive. Several reports emphasize cytoprotective autophagy, as an ultimate attempt of cells to cope with the photo-induced stress and to survive. Moreover, other underlying molecular mechanisms that evoke PDT-resistance of tumor cells were considered. We reviewed the paradigm about the PDT-regulated cell death mechanisms that involve autophagic impairment or boosted activation. To comprise the autophagy-targeted PDT-protocols to treat cancer, it was underlined those that alleviate or intensify PDT-resistance of tumor cells. Thereby, this review provides insights into the mechanisms by which PDT can be used to modulate autophagy and emphasizes how this field represents a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleska K Martins
- Laboratory of Cell and Membrane, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Belotto
- Perola Byington Hospital Gynecology - Lasertherapy Clinical Research Department, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maryana N Silva
- Laboratory of Cell and Membrane, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Grasso
- CONICET, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maynne D Suriani
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Tayná S Lavor
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Itri
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tayana M Tsubone
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Tsubone TM, Martins WK, Franco MSF, Silva MN, Itri R, Baptista MS. Cellular compartments challenged by membrane photo-oxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108665. [PMID: 33159891 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The lipid composition impacts directly on the structure and function of the cytoplasmic as well as organelle membranes. Depending on the type of membrane, specific lipids are required to accommodate, intercalate, or pack membrane proteins to the proper functioning of the cells/organelles. Rather than being only a physical barrier that separates the inner from the outer spaces, membranes are responsible for many biochemical events such as cell-to-cell communication, protein-lipid interaction, intracellular signaling, and energy storage. Photochemical reactions occur naturally in many biological membranes and are responsible for diverse processes such as photosynthesis and vision/phototaxis. However, excessive exposure to light in the presence of absorbing molecules produces excited states and other oxidant species that may cause cell aging/death, mutations and innumerable diseases including cancer. At the same time, targeting key compartments of diseased cells with light can be a promising strategy to treat many diseases in a clinical procedure called Photodynamic Therapy. Here we analyze the relationships between membrane alterations induced by photo-oxidation and the biochemical responses in mammalian cells. We specifically address the impact of photosensitization reactions in membranes of different organelles such as mitochondria, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membrane, and the subsequent responses of eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcia S F Franco
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rosangela Itri
- Department of Applied Physics, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Linares IA, Velásquez AM, Graminha MA, de Oliveira KT, Perussi JR. Antileishmanial activity of amphiphilic chlorin derivatives mediated by photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Light stimulus responsive nanomedicine in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 199:112394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Pheophorbide a: State of the Art. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18050257. [PMID: 32423035 PMCID: PMC7281735 DOI: 10.3390/md18050257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyll breakdown products are usually studied for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The chlorophyll derivative Pheophorbide a (PPBa) is a photosensitizer that can induce significant anti-proliferative effects in several human cancer cell lines. Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for about 9.6 million deaths, in 2018 alone. Hence, it is crucial to monitor emergent compounds that show significant anticancer activity and advance them into clinical trials. In this review, we analyze the anticancer activity of PPBa with or without photodynamic therapy and also conjugated with or without other chemotherapic drugs, highlighting the capacity of PPBa to overcome multidrug resistance. We also report other activities of PPBa and different pathways that it can activate, showing its possible applications for the treatment of human pathologies.
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Duan X, Chen B, Cui Y, Zhou L, Wu C, Yang Z, Wen Y, Miao X, Li Q, Xiong L, He J. Ready player one? Autophagy shapes resistance to photodynamic therapy in cancers. Apoptosis 2019; 23:587-606. [PMID: 30288638 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a procedure used in cancer therapy that has been shown to be useful for certain indications. Considerable evidence suggests that PDT might be superior to conventional modalities for some indications. In this report, we examine the relationship between PDT responsiveness and autophagy, which can exert a cytoprotective effect. Autophagy is an essential physiological process that maintains cellular homeostasis by degrading dysfunctional or impaired cellular components and organelles via a lysosome-based pathway. Autophagy, which includes macroautophagy and microautophagy, can be a factor that decreases or abolishes responses to various therapeutic protocols. We systematically discuss the mechanisms underlying cell-fate decisions elicited by PDT; analyse the principles of PDT-induced autophagy, macroautophagy and microautophagy; and present evidence to support the notion that autophagy is a critical mechanism in resistance to PDT. A combined strategy involving autophagy inhibitors may be able to further enhance PDT efficacy. Finally, we provide suggestions for future studies, note where our understanding of the relevant molecular regulators is deficient, and discuss the correlations among PDT-induced resistance and autophagy, especially microautophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Duan
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanan Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenkai Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhulin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiongying Miao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinglong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Jun He
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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14
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Olek M, Kasperski J, Skaba D, Wiench R, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A. Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of oral squamous carcinoma—Clinical implications resulting from in vitro research. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:255-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Shi X, Zhang H, Jin W, Liu W, Yin H, Li Y, Dong H. Metronomic photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid induces apoptosis and autophagy in human SW837 colorectal cancer cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 198:111586. [PMID: 31437760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Metronomic photodynamic therapy (mPDT) has emerged as an attractive treatment for the selective destruction of tumor cells by induction of apoptosis. Here, we compared the effects of mPDT and acute photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on human SW837 colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. CRC cells were subjected to mPDT using various exposure durations, concentrations of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), fluence rates and energy densities. The effects were compared with those induced by aPDT. We found that apoptosis and autophagy were earlier induced to a greater extent by mPDT than by the same dose applied as aPDT. The survival rates for mPDT vs. aPDT were 35.2%, 32.4%,27.6%,31.6% vs. 85.7%, 71.1%, 67.8%, 42.1% after 3, 6, 12, and 24 h PDT, respectively. For the same time points, the apoptotic rates for mPDT vs. aPDT were 43.2%, 47.3%, 54.7%, and 50.3% vs. 14.6%, 17.6%, 27.1%, and 53.2%, respectively. mPDT induced a peak rate of autophagy of 20.0% at 3 h, whereas aPDT induced two smaller peaks at 3 h (14.1%) and 12 h (15.8%). Advanced autophagosomes were more abundant in mPDT- than aPDT-treated cells and appeared earlier after mPDT (3 h) than after aPDT (3-12 h). Western Bloting results showed that the ratio of LC3B-II/β - actin at 3 h was higher (1.04 times) after mPDT than aPDT. Collectively, these datas indicated that ALA-mPDT was more effective than the same dose of ALA-aPDT at inducing SW837 CRC cell death via apoptosis and autophagy. Thus, mPDT may be a superior choice than aPDT for the treatment of human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafei Shi
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- PETCT Centre of Shanxi Province Tumor Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030013, China
| | - Wendong Jin
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Weichao Liu
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Huijuan Yin
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Yingxin Li
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Huajiang Dong
- Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300309, China
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Mei LH, Yang G, Fang F. Hyperbaric Oxygen Combined with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy Inhibited Human Squamous Cell Proliferation. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:394-400. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Mei
- Department of Dermatological, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University
| | - Gao Yang
- Department of Dermatological, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Dermatological, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University
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Yang K, Niu T, Luo M, Tang L, Kang L. Enhanced cytotoxicity and apoptosis through inhibiting autophagy in metastatic potential colon cancer SW620 cells treated with Chlorin e6 photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:332-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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Gheewala T, Skwor T, Munirathinam G. Photodynamic therapy using pheophorbide and 670 nm LEDs exhibits anti-cancer effects in-vitro in androgen dependent prostate cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 21:130-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Xiong L, Liu Z, Ouyang G, Lin L, Huang H, Kang H, Chen W, Miao X, Wen Y. Autophagy inhibition enhances photocytotoxicity of Photosan-II in human colorectal cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6419-6432. [PMID: 28031534 PMCID: PMC5351642 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an attractive therapeutic treatment for colorectal cancer because of its accessibility through endoscopy and its ability to selectively target tumors without destroying the anatomical integrity of the colon. We therefore investigated the therapeutic relevance of the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis in Photosan-II (PS-II)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PS-PDT) in in vitro and in vivo models for human colorectal cancer. We observed that PS-PDT-induced dose-dependently triggered apoptosis and autophagy in both SW620 and HCT116 cells. PS-PDT-treated SW620 cells exhibited nuclear condensation and increased levels of cleaved caspase-3, PARP and Bax, which is reminiscent of apoptosis. PS-PDT also induced autophagic vacuoles, double membrane autophagosome structures and the autophagy-related proteins P62, Bcl-2, ATG7 and LC3-II. In addition, the AKT-mTOR pathway was downregulated, while AMPK was upregulated in PS-PDT-treated cells. Inhibiting autophagy using chloroquine or by downregulating ATG7 using shRNA further upregulated apoptosis, suggesting autophagy was probably was protective to PS-PDT-treated tumor cells. In vivo relevance was demonstrated when a combination of chloroquine and PS-PDT significantly reduced the tumor size in a xenograft mice model. Our findings demonstrate that combination therapy using PS-PDT and autophagy inhibitors may be an effective approach to treating colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiong
- General Surgery Department of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, HN, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- General Surgery Department of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, HN, China
| | - Guoqing Ouyang
- General Surgery Department of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, HN, China
| | - Liangwu Lin
- China State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, HN, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, HN, China
| | - Hongxiang Kang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Xiongying Miao
- General Surgery Department of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, HN, China
| | - Yu Wen
- General Surgery Department of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, HN, China
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Tsubone TM, Martins WK, Pavani C, Junqueira HC, Itri R, Baptista MS. Enhanced efficiency of cell death by lysosome-specific photodamage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6734. [PMID: 28751688 PMCID: PMC5532215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06788-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobilization of specific mechanisms of regulated cell death is a promising alternative to treat challenging illness such as neurodegenerative disease and cancer. The use of light to activate these mechanisms may provide a route for target-specific therapies. Two asymmetric porphyrins with opposite charges, the negatively charged TPPS2a and the positively charged CisDiMPyP were compared in terms of their properties in membrane mimics and in cells. CisDiMPyP interacts to a larger extent with model membranes and with cells than TPPS2a, due to a favorable electrostatic interaction. CisDiMPyP is also more effective than TPPS2a in damaging membranes. Surprisingly, TPPS2a is more efficient in causing photoinduced cell death. The lethal concentration on cell viability of 50% (LC50) found for TPPS2a was ~3.5 (raw data) and ~5 (considering photosensitizer incorporation) times smaller than for CisDiMPyP. CisDiMPyP damaged mainly mitochondria and triggered short-term phototoxicity by necro-apoptotic cell death. Photoexcitation of TPPS2a promotes mainly lysosomal damage leading to autophagy-associated cell death. Our data shows that an exact damage in lysosome is more effective to diminish proliferation of HeLa cells than a similar damage in mitochondria. Precisely targeting organelles and specifically triggering regulated cell death mechanisms shall help in the development of new organelle-target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waleska Kerllen Martins
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
- Universidade Santo Amaro, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Christiane Pavani
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
- Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rosangela Itri
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
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Miranda N, Gerola AP, Novello CR, Ueda-Nakamura T, de Oliveira Silva S, Dias-Filho BP, Hioka N, de Mello JCP, Nakamura CV. Pheophorbide a, a compound isolated from the leaves of Arrabidaea chica, induces photodynamic inactivation of Trypanosoma cruzi. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 19:256-265. [PMID: 28587855 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 6-7 million people are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas' disease. Only two therapeutic compounds have been found to be useful against this disease: nifurtimox and benznidazole. These drugs have been effective in the acute phase of the disease but less effective in the chronic phase; they also have many side effects. Thus, the search for new compounds with trypanocidal action is necessary. Natural products can be the source of many important substances for the development of drugs to treat this infection. The present study evaluated the biological activity of an extract and fractions of Arrabidaea chica against T. cruzi and observed morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of parasites exposed to the isolated compound pheophorbide a. METHODS The crude hydroethanolic extract of A. chica was prepared. Fractions were obtained by partition and separated by liquid chromatography. RESULTS We observed a progressive increase in activity against epimastigote, trypomastigote, and amastigote forms of the parasite over the course of the fractionation process. Interestingly, we isolated a compound known as a photosensitizer that is used in photodynamic therapy. This method of treatment involving a photosensitizer, activation light and molecular oxygen is of great importance due to its selectivity. Pheophorbide a had activity against the protozoan in the presence of light and caused morphological and ultrastructural changes, demonstrating its potential in photodynamic therapy. CONCLUSIONS Based on the ability of pheophorbide a to eliminate bloodstream forms of T. cruzi, we suggest its use in blood banks for hemoprophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathielle Miranda
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Technological Innovation in the Development of Drugs and Cosmetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Tânia Ueda-Nakamura
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Technological Innovation in the Development of Drugs and Cosmetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Basic Sciences of Health, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Sueli de Oliveira Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Technological Innovation in the Development of Drugs and Cosmetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Basic Sciences of Health, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Benedito Prado Dias-Filho
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Technological Innovation in the Development of Drugs and Cosmetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Basic Sciences of Health, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Noboru Hioka
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - João Carlos Palazzo de Mello
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Technological Innovation in the Development of Drugs and Cosmetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Technological Innovation in the Development of Drugs and Cosmetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Basic Sciences of Health, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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22
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HOXC6 regulates the antitumor effects of pheophorbide a-based photodynamic therapy in multidrug-resistant oral cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2421-2430. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved lysosomal degradation process essential for cell physiology and human health. By regulating apoptosis, inflammation, pathogen clearance, immune response and other cellular processes, autophagy acts as a modulator of pathogenesis and is a potential therapeutic target in diverse diseases. With regard to oral disease, autophagy can be problematic either when it is activated or impaired, because this process is involved in diverse functions, depending on the specific disease and its level of progression. In particular, activated autophagy functions as a cytoprotective mechanism under environmental stress conditions, which regulates tumor growth and mediates resistance to anticancer treatment in established tumors. During infections and inflammation, activated autophagy selectively delivers microbial antigens to the immune systems, and is therefore connected to the elimination of intracellular pathogens. Impaired autophagy contributes to oxidative stress, genomic instability, chronic tissue damage, inflammation and tumorigenesis, and is involved in aberrant bacterial clearance and immune priming. Hence, substantial progress in the study of autophagy provides new insights into the pathogenesis of oral diseases. This review outlines the mechanisms of autophagy, and highlights the emerging roles of this process in oral cancer, periapical lesions, periodontal diseases, and oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qin Tan
- a The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education , School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- a The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education , School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China.,b Department of Oral Medicine , School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Gang Zhou
- a The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education , School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China.,b Department of Oral Medicine , School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
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24
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RelA-Mediated BECN1 Expression Is Required for Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Autophagy in Oral Cancer Cells Exposed to Low-Power Laser Irradiation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160586. [PMID: 27632526 PMCID: PMC5025201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-power laser irradiation (LPLI) is a non-invasive and safe method for cancer treatment that alters a variety of physiological processes in the cells. Autophagy can play either a cytoprotective role or a detrimental role in cancer cells exposed to stress. The detailed mechanisms of autophagy and its role on cytotoxicity in oral cancer cells exposed to LPLI remain unclear. In this study, we showed that LPLI at 810 nm with energy density 60 J/cm2 increased the number of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3) puncta and increased autophagic flux in oral cancer cells. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was induced, which increased RelA transcriptional activity and beclin 1 (BECN1) expression in oral cancer cells irradiated with LPLI. Furthermore, ROS scavenger or knockdown of RelA diminished LPLI-induced BECN1 expression and MAP1LC3-II conversion. In addition, pharmacological and genetic ablation of autophagy significantly enhanced the effects of LPLI-induced apoptosis in oral cancer cells. These results suggest that autophagy may be a resistant mechanism for LPLI-induced apoptosis in oral cancer cells.
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25
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Ahn MY, Yoon HE, Moon SY, Kim YC, Yoon JH. Intratumoral Photodynamic Therapy With Newly Synthesized Pheophorbide a in Murine Oral Cancer. Oncol Res 2016; 25:295-304. [PMID: 27629775 PMCID: PMC7841246 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14732527645922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic alternative for malignant tumors that uses a photosensitizer. Our group recently synthesized photosensitizer pheophorbide a (Pa) from chlorophyll-a. The present study investigated the therapeutic effect of PDT using intratumoral administration of the synthetic photosensitizer Pa in an in vivo murine oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) animal model. Pa accumulation was measured using the fluorescence spectrum and imaging in living C3H mice. Intratumoral treatment of Pa-PDT (IT Pa-PDT) significantly inhibited the growth of transplanted OSCC cells. Histopathological examination of tumor tissues showed that PCNA expression was significantly decreased, while TUNEL-stained cells were markedly increased in the IT Pa-PDT group compared to controls. IT Pa-PDT-induced apoptosis was confirmed by immunoblot. Reduction of Bcl-2 and cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP were observed in IT Pa-PDT. These data demonstrate that IT Pa-PDT inhibited tumor cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, which is correlated with the anticancer activity of IT Pa-PDT. These potent antitumor activities of IT Pa-PDT were observed in both the immunohistochemistry and Western blot experiments. Our findings suggest the intratumoral therapeutic potential of Pa-PDT on OSCC. Additionally, demonstrated detection of Pa using a fluorescence spectroscopy system or molecular imaging system provides a means for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Young Ahn
- College of Medical and Life Sciences, Division of Bio-industry, Major in Pharmaceutical Engineering, Silla University, Busan, South Korea
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Tu P, Huang Q, Ou Y, Du X, Li K, Tao Y, Yin H. Aloe-emodin-mediated photodynamic therapy induces autophagy and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell line MG‑63 through the ROS/JNK signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3209-15. [PMID: 27035222 PMCID: PMC4872276 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect and mechanisms of aloe-emodin (AE)-mediated photodynamic therapy (AE-PDT) on the human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63. After treatment with AE-PDT, the human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 was tested for levels of viability, autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis and changes in cell morphology with the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), monodansylcadaverine (MDC) and Hoechst staining and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of proteins including LC-3, cleaved caspase-3, Beclin-1, Bcl-2, p-JNK, t-JNK and β-actin was examined with western blotting. AE-PDT significantly inhibited the viability of the MG-63 cells in an AE-concentration- and PDT energy density-dependent manner. Autophagy and apoptosis of MG-63 cells was substantially promoted in the AE-PDT group compared to the control group, the AE alone group and the light emitting diode (LED) alone group. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-meth-yladenine (3-MA) (5 mM) and chloroquine (CQ) (15 µM) significantly promoted the apoptosis rate and improved the sensitivity of the MG-63 cells to AE-PDT. AE-PDT was found to induce the expression of ROS and p-JNK. ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, 5 mM), was able to hinder the autophagy, apoptosis and phosphorylation of JNK, and JNK inhibitor (SP600125, 10 µM) significantly inhibited the autophagy and apoptosis, and attenuated the sensitivity of MG63 cells to AE-PDT. In conclusion, AE-PDT induced the autophagy and apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 through the activation of the ROS-JNK signaling pathway. Autophagy may play a protective role during the early stage following treatment of AE-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinghua Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qiu Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yunsheng Ou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xing Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Kaiting Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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27
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Law BYK, Mok SWF, Wu AG, Lam CWK, Yu MXY, Wong VKW. New Potential Pharmacological Functions of Chinese Herbal Medicines via Regulation of Autophagy. Molecules 2016; 21:359. [PMID: 26999089 PMCID: PMC6274228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a universal catabolic cellular process for quality control of cytoplasm and maintenance of cellular homeostasis upon nutrient deprivation and environmental stimulus. It involves the lysosomal degradation of cellular components such as misfolded proteins or damaged organelles. Defects in autophagy are implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases including cancers, myopathy, neurodegenerations, infections and cardiovascular diseases. In the recent decade, traditional drugs with new clinical applications are not only commonly found in Western medicines, but also highlighted in Chinese herbal medicines (CHM). For instance, pharmacological studies have revealed that active components or fractions from Chaihu (Radix bupleuri), Hu Zhang (Rhizoma polygoni cuspidati), Donglingcao (Rabdosia rubesens), Hou po (Cortex magnoliae officinalis) and Chuan xiong (Rhizoma chuanxiong) modulate cancers, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease via autophagy. These findings shed light on the potential new applications and formulation of CHM decoctions via regulation of autophagy. This article reviews the roles of autophagy in the pharmacological actions of CHM and discusses their new potential clinical applications in various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Simon Wing Fai Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - An Guo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Margaret Xin Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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28
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Cosway B, Lovat P. The role of autophagy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Oral Oncol 2016; 54:1-6. [PMID: 26774913 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Half a million new head and neck cancers are diagnosed each year worldwide. Although traditionally thought to be triggered by alcohol and smoking abuse, there is a growing subset of oropharyngeal cancers driven by the oncogenic human papilloma virus (HPV). Despite advances in both surgical and non-surgical treatment strategies, survival rates have remained relatively static emphasising the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Autophagy, the principal catabolic process for the lysosomal--mediated breakdown of cellular products is a hot topic in cancer medicine. Increasing evidence points towards the prognostic significance of autophagy biomarkers in solid tumours as well as strategies through which to harness autophagy modulation to promote tumour cell death. However, the role of autophagy in head and neck cancers is less well defined. In the present review, we summarise the current understanding of autophagy in head and neck cancers, revealing key areas for future translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cosway
- Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.
| | - Penny Lovat
- Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
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29
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You H, Yoon HE, Jeong PH, Ko H, Yoon JH, Kim YC. Pheophorbide-a conjugates with cancer-targeting moieties for targeted photodynamic cancer therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1453-62. [PMID: 25753328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pheophorbide-a, a non-selective photosensitizer, was conjugated with cancer-targeting moieties, such as folic acid, the CRGDLASLC peptide, the cRGDfK peptide and leuprorelin, for the purpose of targeted photodynamic cancer therapy. The cellular uptake of pheophorbide-a conjugates in cancer cells overexpressing the corresponding receptors of the targeting moieties was largely enhanced compared with that in the receptor-negative cells. In the study of in vitro photodynamic activity and selectivity of pheophorbide-a conjugates in the receptor-positive and receptor-negative cells, a pheophorbide-a conjugate, (14) with an αvβ6 ligand (CRGDLASLC) exhibited the highest selectivity in the positive FaDu cells. Targeted PDT with 14 induced cell death through apoptosis and morphological apoptosis-like characteristics. These results suggest that pheophorbide-a conjugate 14 could be utilized in selective photodynamic therapy for oral cancers primarily expressing the αvβ6 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun You
- Department of Medical System Engineering (DMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Eun Yoon
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Deajeon Dental Hospital, Wonkang University, 77, Dunsan-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyeong-Hwa Jeong
- Department of Medical System Engineering (DMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Ko
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Deajeon Dental Hospital, Wonkang University, 77, Dunsan-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Chul Kim
- Department of Medical System Engineering (DMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea; School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
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Jiang LC, Xin ZY, Deborah B, Zhang JS, Yuan DY, Xu K, Liu XB, Jiang HQ, Fan QC, Zhang B, Li KY. Inhibition of autophagy augments apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma under nutrient depletion. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:361-6. [PMID: 25212667 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There has been little research conducted regarding autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Given the prevalence of oral cancers which are OSCC and the severe side effects of current treatments, there is a pressing need to develop effective alternative therapies. In this study, we have endeavored to explore the biological characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line KB cells, in particular with regard to the role played by autophagy in their survival. Autophagy was activated by nutrient depletion via culturing cells in Earle's balanced salts (EBSS) and was measured via indices relating to Beclin 1, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (MAPLC3, LC3), p62, and Green fluorescent protein-light chain 3 plasmid transfection (GFP-LC3). Cell death and apoptosis induced by nutrient depletion was measured using both MTT assay and flow cytometry (FCM). Compared to initial levels at 0 h, Beclin 1 density in EBSS-treated cells was found to have increased at 6, 12, and 18 h in a time-dependent manner and was found to have subsequently declined at 24 and 48 h. p62 levels, LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, and GFP-LC3 levels increased at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48 h in a time-dependent manner. 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was found to inhibit autophagy and the expression of Beclin 1 and significantly enhanced nutrient depletion-induced apoptosis and death. We concluded that nutrient depletion enhances OSCC cell autophagy in time-course patterns and that the inhibition of autophagy augments apoptosis in OSCC cells. We also deduced that Beclin 1 takes part in the development and progression of autophagy, potentially playing an important role in the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in OSCC cells. These findings suggest that nutrient depletion may be an effective way to explore autophagy and that autophagy inhibitors should be investigated as a potential novel agent for the adjuvant treatment of human OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Cheng Jiang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Medicine (SPKLOMHNM), Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng University, and Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical School of Liaocheng, Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
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Du L, Jiang N, Wang G, Chu Y, Lin W, Qian J, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Chen G. Autophagy inhibition sensitizes bladder cancer cells to the photodynamic effects of the novel photosensitizer chlorophyllin e4. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 133:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lihuan D, Jingcun Z, Ning J, Guozeng W, Yiwei C, Wei L, Jing Q, Yuanfang Z, Gang C. Photodynamic therapy with the novel photosensitizer chlorophyllin f induces apoptosis and autophagy in human bladder cancer cells. Lasers Surg Med 2014; 46:319-34. [PMID: 24464873 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Our group recently synthesized a new, low-cost photosensitizer, chlorophyllin f. In this study, the effects of chlorophyllin f-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) and its potential mechanisms were examined in human bladder cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS MitoTracker® Green probe and LysoTracker® Green probe were used to label mitochondria and lysosomes, revealing the intracellular localization of chlorophyllin f in 5637 and T24 cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The cells were treated with chlorophyllin f-mediated PDT; the photo-cytotoxicity of chlorophyllin f was monitored using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and apoptosis was measured by Annexin V-FITC/PI dual staining. Western blotting, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and staining with Cyto-ID® Autophagy Detection dye, monodansylcadaverine (MDC) and acridine orange were performed to assess autophagy. The role of autophagy was examined by measuring cell viability and apoptosis in both cell lines pretreated with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). RESULTS Chlorophyllin f showed affinity for mitochondria and lysosomes. It exhibited significant photocytotoxicity, resulting in a maximum of 86.51% and 84.88% cell death in 5637 and T24 cells, respectively. Additionally, chlorophyllin f-mediated PDT (f-PDT) also induced a significantly higher percentage of apoptosis in treated cells compared to the control groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of Beclin1 protein and the proportion of LC3-II:LC3-I in both cell lines significantly increased after f-PDT. Autophagy, characterized by an increase in the formation of Cyto-ID® Autophagy Detection dye-labeled autophagosomes, MDC fluorescent dye-labeled autophagic vacuoles and acridine orange-labeled acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs), was observed in f-PDT-treated cells. TEM also revealed double-membrane autophagosome structures 1 hour after f-PDT. Most importantly, when pretreated with 3-MA, the two cell lines showed more significant photo-cytotoxicity and apoptotic cell death compared to those exposed to f-PDT alone (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Chlorophyllin f-mediated PDT exerts anti-tumor activity by inducing apoptosis and autophagy, and most importantly, autophagy inhibition enhances f-PDT-mediated apoptotic cell death. These results suggest that chlorophyllin f is a new, effective photosensitizer and that the combination of f-PDT with autophagy inhibitors may be an attractive therapeutic strategy against human non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Lihuan
- Department of Urology, Jin Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
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Yoon HE, Oh SH, Kim SA, Yoon JH, Ahn SG. Pheophorbide a-mediated photodynamic therapy induces autophagy and apoptosis via the activation of MAPKs in human skin cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:137-44. [PMID: 24253565 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheophorbide a (Pa), a chlorophyll derivative, is a photosensitizer that can induce significant antitumor effects in several types of tumor cells. The present study investigated the mechanism of Pa-mediated photodynamic therapy (Pa-PDT) in the human skin cancer cell lines A431 and G361. PDT significantly inhibited the cell growth in a Pa-concentration-dependent manner. We observed increased expression of Beclin-1, LC3B and ATG5, which are markers of autophagy, after PDT treatment in A431 cells but not in G361 cells. In G361 cells, Pa-PDT strongly induced PARP cleavage and subsequent apoptosis, which was confirmed using Annexin V/Propidium iodide double staining. Pa-PDT predominantly exhibited its antitumor effects via activation of ERK1/2 and p38 in A431 and G361 cells, respectively. An in vivo study using the CAM xenograft model demonstrated that Pa-PDT strongly induced autophagy and apoptosis in A431-transplanted tumors and/or apoptosis in G361-transplanted tumors. These results may provide a basis for understanding the underlying mechanisms of Pa-PDT and for developing Pa-PDT as a therapy for skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Eun Yoon
- Department of Pathology, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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