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Larnani S, Song Y, Kim S, Park YS. Examining enamel-surface demineralization upon exposure to acidic solutions and the remineralization potential of milk and artificial saliva. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00960-y. [PMID: 38904919 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The enamel surface may undergo demineralization due to exposure to acidic substances and the remineralization of the etched enamel is crucial to regain or maintain integrity. This study aimed to investigate the erosive effect of 10 acidic solutions on tooth enamel and the remineralization capacity of milk and artificial saliva by measuring surface roughness (Ra), enamel depth, and microhardness. A total of 80 bovine incisor enamel specimens were immersed in 10 different acidic solutions, including four different acidic drinks, three different citric acid solutions, and three different citric acid buffer solutions, for 1 h. After demineralization, the specimens were immersed in milk and artificial saliva for 3 h. Surface roughness, enamel abraded depth, and microhardness were measured before demineralization, in-between time intervals and after remineralization. Data were analyzed using Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p < 0.05). The results indicate a significant difference in surface roughness between the measurements taken at different time intervals, particularly between the baseline and after 1 h demineralization. Also, the specimens immersed in CAB1 exhibited greatest increase in Ra among other acidic solutions (Δ: 0.18 ± 0.07). Moreover, only the microhardness increased after remineralization (p < 0.05). Enamel demineralization using various acidic solutions revealed increased Ra and enamel abraded depth, and decreased microhardness. The use of remineralization agents, milk and artificial saliva, demonstrated an increase in microhardness. This study provides insights into the effects of different acidic solutions and potential remineralization agents on tooth enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Larnani
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngha Song
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Future Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chen Y, Wu Z, Sun P, Song J, Liu Y, Zhao J. The erosive effect of pomegranate juice on enamel: An in vitro study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298404. [PMID: 38598496 PMCID: PMC11006189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Dental erosion is a chemical-mechanical process that leads to the loss of dental hard tissues. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice on the enamel. METHODS Enamel blocks were randomly divided into three groups: deionized water, cola, and pomegranate juice. The blocks were immersed in the solutions four times a day for 14 days, and stored in artificial saliva for the remaining period. The surface hardness was measured on days 7 and 14. The surface structures of the demineralized blocks were observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the depth of demineralization was observed via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The pH, calcium, and phosphorus levels of the three solutions were analyzed. RESULTS The microhardness values of the blocks in the pomegranate juice and cola groups decreased with the increase in the demineralization time. The blocks in the pomegranate juice group exhibited large fractures in the enamel column, whereas those in the cola group had pitted enamels with destruction of the interstitial enamel column. Compared with cola group, fluorescent penetration increased in pomegranate juice (P < 0.01). The pH of cola (2.32 ± 0.09) was lower than that of pomegranate juice (3.16 ± 0.16). Furthermore, the calcium content in pomegranate juice was significantly higher than that in cola (P < 0.01). Alternatively, the concentration of phosphorous in cola was significantly higher than that in pomegranate juice (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that pomegranate juice can cause enamel demineralization with an erosive potential comparable to that of cola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), Urumqi, China
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), Urumqi, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Xinjiang Institute for Drug Control, Urumqi, China
| | - Jie Song
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), Urumqi, China
| | - Yishan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), Urumqi, China
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), Urumqi, China
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Surarit R, Jiradethprapai K, Lertsatira K, Chanthongthiti J, Teanchai C, Horsophonphong S. Erosive potential of vitamin waters, herbal drinks, carbonated soft drinks, and fruit juices on human teeth: An in vitro investigation. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2023; 17:129-135. [PMID: 38023803 PMCID: PMC10676538 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2023.40413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dental erosion is the loss of dental hard tissues through the acid dissolution of tooth minerals. One of the major factors that cause erosion is the consumption of acidic food and drinks. This study investigated and compared the effect of vitamin waters, herbal beverages, carbonated soft drinks, and fruit juices on the loss of human dental hard tissue. Methods Human tooth samples were immersed in various drinks: vitamin waters, herbal beverages, carbonated soft drinks, and fruit juices. The pH value of each drink was measured using a pH meter. The weight of each sample was determined before and after six days of immersion in the tested drink, and the weight loss percentage was calculated. The exposed tooth surfaces were also examined under a scanning electron microscope. Results Most of the tested drinks were acidic and displayed pH values lower than the critical pH for enamel erosion. Significant weight loss of the tooth samples was found in all tested drink groups. Additionally, the samples immersed in fruit juices and herbal beverages exhibited significantly greater weight loss than those immersed in carbonated soft drinks. Scanning electron micrographs showed samples immersed in the tested drinks to demonstrate structural disintegration with occasional void spaces, except for samples immersed in Doi Kham® Lemongrass drink. Conclusion Most of the tested drinks have the potential to cause dissolution and destruction of dental hard tissues. Consumers should be aware that prolonged exposure to these drinks could lead to permanent loss of tooth mineral and dental erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudee Surarit
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Dentistry, Siam University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kanyakorn Lertsatira
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chayada Teanchai
- Research Office, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sivaporn Horsophonphong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Liu G, Qiu X, Tan X, Miao R, Tian W, Jing W. Efficacy of a 1% malic acid spray for xerostomia treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis 2023; 29:862-872. [PMID: 34954846 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of topical sialogogue spray containing malic acid 1% for treating xerostomia. METHODS We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov and Web of Science databases. Literature search, screening, study selection, data collection, data extraction and assessment of bias risk were independently conducted by two reviewers. The study appraisal was performed by Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing bias risk. The systematic review registration number was PROSPERO-CRD42021241322. All statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager version 5.4. RESULTS Five original articles involving 244 patients with xerostomia who received topical sialogogue spray (malic acid 1%) or placebo for two weeks were included in this review. Based on the questionnaire survey, the topical sialogogue spray (malic acid 1%) improved the symptoms of dry mouth significantly better than the placebo, which was reflected in the Dry Mouth Questionnaire (DMQ), Xerostomia Inventory (XI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores. Regarding the increase in unstimulated and stimulated saliva flow rates, the intervention group was also better than the placebo group after a two-week course of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Although the included studies are limited, our results show that topical sialogogue spray (malic acid 1%) is an effective method for the treatment of xerostomia. Additional randomised controlled trials in the future are needed to provide high-quality evidence of this therapy and to improve clinical practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoning Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinzhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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de Toledo PTA, Delbem ACB, Cannon ML, Sakamoto AE, Pedrini D. The effect of toothpaste with reduced concentration of fluoride-containing sodium trimetaphosphate and polyols on initial enamel erosion. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:7243-7252. [PMID: 35984512 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in vitro study evaluated the efficacy of toothpaste containing fluoride (F), sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP), and xylitol and erythritol (XE) to inhibit or repair initial enamel erosion lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine enamel blocks (n = 120) were selected according to surface hardness (SH) and randomly divided into 5 experimental groups (n = 24 blocks/group): Placebo (no F, TMP, XE); 1100 ppm F; 16% xylitol + 4% erythritol (XE); 200 ppm F + 0.2% TMP (200 ppm F/TMP); and 200 ppm F + 0.2% TMP + 16% xylitol + 4% erythritol (200 ppm F/TMP/XE). The sound and softened blocks were immersed in toothpaste slurry in human saliva for 2 min. The blocks were then submitted to 4 erosive challenges in citric acid (0.75%, pH 3.5), each challenge for 1 min, with stirring. The SH of the blocks was determined after treatment (t) and after the 4 erosive challenges. In addition, the precipitates were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Variables were submitted to a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by a Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Toothpaste containing 200 ppm F/TMP/XE led to the highest protective and repair effect compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). The protective and repair effect was XE > 200 ppm F/TMP > 1100 ppm F > placebo (p < 0.001). All groups produced precipitates with a thicker layer for XE and TMP groups. CONCLUSIONS Toothpaste containing 200 ppm F, TMP, and polyols demonstrated a superior protective and repair effect in initial enamel erosive lesions in vitro. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Toothpaste containing F and polyols could be an advantage in patients affected by dental erosion, due to its higher preventive potential, mainly in individuals who frequently drink acidic beverages. However, future studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Toninatto Alves de Toledo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mark Lloyd Cannon
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, 420 E Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Amanda Eliane Sakamoto
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Pedrini
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Analysis of Erosive Nature of Fruit Beverages Fortified with Calcium Ions: An In Vitro Study Evaluating Dental Erosion in Primary Teeth. ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:3756384. [PMID: 35720160 PMCID: PMC9203231 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3756384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since children frequently consume acidic fruit beverages, dental erosion is common in children. The erosive effects on primary teeth are more profound due to the lesser thickness of enamel and dentin. This study evaluated if calcium fortification of fruit beverages could reduce their erosive potential. Methodology. Tropicana Orange Delight was the fruit beverage chosen and fortified with calcium carbonate. Forty noncarious extracted primary teeth were equally distributed into four groups. Samples in group A were exposed to calcium-fortified fruit beverages and group B to nonfortified fruit beverages for 1, 2, and 3 min. The pH and calcium ion concentration of both the fruit beverages were evaluated from baseline through the test period. Samples in groups C and D were then exposed to fortified and nonfortified fruit beverages for 10, 20, and 30 min. The surface roughness and microhardness of these samples were analysed. Results Due to fortification, the pH and calcium ion concentration of fortified beverages was higher compared to nonfortified beverages at baseline. The calcium ion concentration of fortified beverages decreased from baseline in contrast to an increase in the nonfortified beverage group. This indicates that fortified beverage is less erosive in nature. The surface roughness of samples in the fortified beverage group did not decrease significantly from baseline. In the nonfortified beverage group, surface roughness values at 20 and 30 min of exposure were higher than baseline, suggesting that significant erosive changes occur at the prolonged duration of exposure. The microhardness values of samples in the fortified beverage group increased from baseline through the test period, suggestive of resistance to erosion offered by calcium fortification. The microhardness values of samples in the nonfortified beverage group decreased through the test period, suggestive of erosion. Conclusion Calcium fortification of this fruit beverage significantly reduces its erosive potential on primary teeth.
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Ramadoss R, Padmanaban R, Subramanian B. Role of bioglass in enamel remineralization: Existing strategies and future prospects-A narrative review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:45-66. [PMID: 34245107 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Enamel, once formed, loses the ability to regenerate due to the loss of the formative ameloblasts. It is subjected to constant damaging events due to exposure to external agents and oral microbiomes. An enamel remineralization process targets to replenish the lost ionic component of the enamel through a multitude of methods. Enamel remineralization is highly challenging as it has a complex organized hierarchical microstructure. Hydroxyapatite nanocrystals of the enamel vary in size and orientation along alignment planes inside the enamel rod. The inability of the enamel to remodel unlike other mineralized tissues is another substantial deterrent. One of the well-known biomaterials, bioglass (BG) induces apatite formation on the external surface of the enamel in the presence of saliva or other physiological fluids. Calcium, sodium, phosphate, and silicate ions in BG become responsive in the presence of body fluids, leading to the precipitation of calcium phosphate. Studies have also demonstrated the bactericidal potential of BG against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. The anticariogenicity and antibacterial activity were found to be enhanced when BG was doped with inorganic ions such as F, Ag, Mg, Sr, and Zn. Due to the versatility of BG, it has been combined with a variety of agents such as chitosan, triclosan, and amelogenin to biomimic remineralization process. Key strategies that can aid in the development of contemporary enamel remineralization agents are also included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ramadoss
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajashree Padmanaban
- CAS Biophysics & Crystallography, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balakumar Subramanian
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Par M, Gubler A, Attin T, Tarle Z, Tauböck TT. Anti-demineralizing protective effects on enamel identified in experimental and commercial restorative materials with functional fillers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11806. [PMID: 34083707 PMCID: PMC8175467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether experimental and commercial dental restorative materials with functional fillers can exert a protective anti-demineralizing effect on enamel that is not immediately adjacent to the restoration. Four experimental resin composites with bioactive glass and three commercial restorative materials were investigated. Enamel blocks were incubated in a lactic acid solution (pH = 4.0) at a standardized distance (5 mm) from cured specimens of restorative materials. The lactic acid solution was replenished every 4 days up to a total of 32 days. Surfaces of enamel blocks were periodically evaluated by Knoop microhardness measurements and scanning electron microscopy. The protective effect of restorative materials against acid was identified as enamel microhardness remaining unchanged for a certain number of 4-day acid addition cycles. Additionally, the pH of the immersion medium was measured. While enamel microhardness in the control group was maintained for 1 acid addition cycle (4 days), restorative materials postponed enamel softening for 2–5 cycles (8–20 days). The materials capable of exerting a stronger alkalizing effect provided longer-lasting enamel protection. The protective and alkalizing effects of experimental composites improved with higher amounts of bioactive glass and were better for conventional bioactive glass 45S5 compared to a fluoride-containing bioactive glass. Scanning electron micrographs evidenced the protective effect of restorative materials by showing a delayed appearance of an etching pattern on the enamel surface. A remotely-acting anti-demineralizing protective effect on enamel was identified in experimental composites functionalized with two types of bioactive glass, as well as in three commercial ion-releasing restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia. .,Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Gubler
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tobias T Tauböck
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, Switzerland
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Meira IA, Dos Santos EJL, Fernandes NLS, de Sousa ET, de Oliveira AFB, Sampaio FC. Erosive effect of industrialized fruit juices exposure in enamel and dentine substrates: An in vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e48-e55. [PMID: 33425231 PMCID: PMC7781208 DOI: 10.4317/jced.57385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Erosive tooth wear has been a highly prevalent and emerging phenomenon related to eating habits of the population. Aim: This study sought to investigate industrialized fruit juices exposure in enamel and dentine substrates in terms of erosive effect.
Material and Methods Human enamel and dentine specimens were randomized into 8 groups (n=8): Grape juice – Ades®, Grape juice – Del Valle Kapo®, Grape juice – Aurora®, Orange juice – Del Valle Kapo®, Orange juice – Ades®, Strawberry juice – Mais Vita®, Strawberry juice – Ades®, Citrus fruit juice – Tampico®. Specimens were submitted to an in vitro erosive challenge and to a microhardness test to evaluate the percentage of surface microhardness loss. The pH, titratable acidity, buffering capacity, degree of saturation and critical pH concerning hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite of the juices were measured as well as their composition of calcium, phosphate, fluoride, and total protein. Data were submitted to the analysis of variance and multivariate linear regression (α=0.05).
Results All test agents were undersaturated concerning hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite. A significant interaction between the type of juice and substrate was found (α=0.000, β=0.99). However, Orange juice – Del Valle Kapo®, Orange juice – Ades®, and Strawberry juice – Mais Vitta® demonstrated no difference between substrates. Grape juice – Ades® promoted less mineral than other juices in enamel and dentine. The calcium concentration in juices was a protective variable for microhardness loss in both substrates.
Conclusions The erosive effect of industrialized fruit juices affects enamel differently from dentine, and this effect differed between some, but not all, tested juices. Key words:Tooth erosion, dental enamel, dentine. beverages, food habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid-Andrade Meira
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elis-Janaina-Lira Dos Santos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba/São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson-Tavares de Sousa
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba/São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio-Correia Sampaio
- Department of Clinic and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba-UFPB, João Pessoa/Paraiba, Brazil
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Cardoso F, Boteon AP, Silva TAPD, Prakki A, Wang L, HonÓrio HM. In situ effect of a proanthocyanidin mouthrinse on dentin subjected to erosion. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20200051. [PMID: 33111880 PMCID: PMC9648961 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidin has been shown to be efficient in inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrícia Cardoso
- Universidade de São Paulo , Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru , Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos , Bauru , Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Boteon
- Universidade de São Paulo , Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru , Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos , Bauru , Brasil
| | - Tamires Alves Pereira da Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo , Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru , Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva , Bauru , Brasil
| | - Anuradha Prakki
- University of Toronto , Faculty of Dentistry , Department of Clinical Sciences (Restorative) , Toronto , Canada
| | - Linda Wang
- Universidade de São Paulo , Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru , Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos , Bauru , Brasil
| | - Heitor Marques HonÓrio
- Universidade de São Paulo , Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru , Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva , Bauru , Brasil
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Gurdogan Guler EB, Bayrak GD, Unsal M, Selvi Kuvvetli S. Effect of pediatric multivitamin syrups and effervescent tablets on the surface microhardness and roughness of restorative materials: An in vitro study. J Dent Sci 2020; 16:311-317. [PMID: 33384814 PMCID: PMC7770251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Multivitamin syrups and effervescent tablets are commonly used for dietary support in children; however, these preparations may have detrimental effects on the surface of restorative materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two multivitamin syrups and two effervescent tablets taken daily on the surface microhardness and roughness of two different restorative materials. Materials and methods The study groups were comprised of a conventional glass ionomer cement, Ketac Molar, and a giomer, Beautifil II. A total of 140 disc-shaped specimens were prepared and randomly assigned to 5 subgroups. The samples were immersed in 4 multivitamins (Supradyne syrup, Supradyne effervescent, Sambucol syrup, Sambucol effervescent) and deionized water (control group) for 2 min once a day for 28 days. Surface microhardness and roughness measurements were recorded at baseline and on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days. Surface microhardness was measured using a Vickers hardness tester and surface roughness was determined using a profilometer. Results For all subgroups; the surface microhardness values of the Ketac Molar and Beautifil II demonstrated a statistically significant decrease from the baseline to the 28th day measurements (p < 0.05), while the surface roughness displayed increased values that were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). The Ketac Molar surface roughness values were significantly higher than Beautifil II in all subgroups for all measurement days (p = 0.0001). Conclusion The prolonged use of multivitamin syrups and effervescent tablets may have negative effects on the physical properties of restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gokcen Deniz Bayrak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Yeditepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melis Unsal
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Yeditepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senem Selvi Kuvvetli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Yeditepe, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Santos EJLD, Meira IA, Sousa ETD, Amaechi BT, Sampaio FC, Oliveira AFBD. Erosive potential of soy-based beverages on dental enamel. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:340-346. [PMID: 30741104 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2019.1570330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the erosive potential of soy-based beverages in comparison to fruit juices of the same flavor. METHODS Human enamel blocks were randomly divided into 9 groups (n = 8), according to the beverage category (soy or non-soy juices). The initial pH, TA and β at the original pH value were measured in triplicate. The composition of calcium, phosphate and total protein was analyzed using the specific colorimetric method. The fluoride analysis was performed using a selective electrode. The degree of saturation (DS) and the critical pH (CpH) of each beverage with respect to hydroxyapatite (HAp) and fluorapatite (FAp) were calculated using the computational software. Enamel samples were immersed into 67.5 mL of each drink for 120 minutes. Enamel surface loss (ESL) and differences in surface roughness (ΔRaE-S) were analyzed by a 3D non-contact profilometer. RESULTS Non-soy beverages exhibited the lowest pH values (2.93 to 3.40). The highest values of calcium concentration were founded in soy-based formulations. Juices with soy in their composition tend to have high DS when compared with non-soy based beverages (p = .0571). Soy beverages produced less ESL than non-soy beverages (p < .05). ΔRaE-S was not significantly different between the categories. The ESL and ΔRaE-S were positively correlated with initial pH and buffering capacity in soy-based beverages. On the other hand, in non-soy beverages, the ESL was negatively correlated with the TA to 7.0 and the fluoride composition whereas the ΔRaE-S was negatively correlated with the TA to 5.5. CONCLUSIONS The erosive potential of soy beverages was lower than non-soy based beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis Janaína Lira Dos Santos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Andrade Meira
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Emerson Tavares De Sousa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Bennett Tochukwu Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Fábio Correia Sampaio
- Department of Clinical and Public Health dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Wang YL, Chang HH, Chiang YC, Lin CH, Lin CP. Strontium ion can significantly decrease enamel demineralization and prevent the enamel surface hardness loss in acidic environment. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 118:39-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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14
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Rios D, Ionta FQ, Rebelato R, Jordão MC, Wang L, Magalhães AC, Honório HM. The effect of aspartame and pH changes on the erosive potential of cola drinks in bovine enamel: An in vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent 2018; 10:e933-e937. [PMID: 30386528 PMCID: PMC6203923 DOI: 10.4317/jced.54963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism behind the different erosive potential of regular and light cola drinks: pH difference and/or aspartame presence. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty bovine enamel blocks were randomly divided into 5 groups: RC - regular cola, RCpH - addition of base to increase regular cola pH, RCAS - addition of aspartame to regular cola, LC - light cola, and LCpH - addition of acid to decrease light cola pH. Two-thirds of the blocks surface was coated with nail varnish for reference. The samples were daily subjected to four erosive challenges for 2 minutes. Between the erosive challenges (2h) and overnight the samples were maintained in artificial saliva. The response variable was the percentage surface hardness change (%SHC) after 1st experimental day and enamel surface loss (µm) measured at the 5th day by profilometry. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). RESULTS Independently of the cola modifications, all groups promoted similar hardness change of enamel surface. RC promoted higher enamel loss (6.69±0.71µm) than LC (4.80±0.77µm). The acid addition to light cola (LCpH: 6.60±1.78µm) significantly enhanced its erosive potential, which did not differ from RC. The base addition to regular cola (RCpH-4.00±0.64µm) resulted in similar wear to LC. The addition of aspartame to the regular cola (RCAS 5.44±0.65µm) resulted in similar wear to LC and RC. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that the pH alteration has a major impact on the erosive potential of cola drinks, however, the sweetener also has some influence. Key words:Tooth erosion, dental enamel, soft drinks, ph, sweetener.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rios
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health
| | | | - Rafael Rebelato
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health
| | | | - Linda Wang
- Departments of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials
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15
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Habluetzel A, Schmid C, Carvalho TS, Lussi A, Eick S. Impact of honey on dental erosion and adhesion of early bacterial colonizers. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10936. [PMID: 30026515 PMCID: PMC6053432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate if honey causes erosion and if salivary pellicle modified with honey, or its components, or the by-product propolis has a protective effect against dental erosion and adhesion of early bacterial colonizers. The tested substances were: 3 types of honey, methylglyoxal (MGO), hydrogen peroxide, propolis. First in the erosion experiment, 120 human enamel specimens were covered with salivary pellicle and modified with the substances. Then they were eroded with 1% citric acid, pH 3.6 for 2 min, before surface hardness was measured. In the microbiological assay, the enamel specimens (n = 126) covered with modified salivary pellicle were contaminated with bacterial suspensions. The antimicrobial activity of each substance and their effect on early bacterial colonizer adhesion and biofilm formation were determined. Despite a low pH, honey did not cause erosion. On the other hand, pellicle modification with the tested solutions did not protect the enamel from erosion. Microbiologically, the 3 honeys inhibited species-specific growth of oral bacteria. Propolis decreased initial attachment of Streptococcus gordonii, while one honey inhibited demineralization of enamel by biofilm. In conclusion, pellicle modification with honey, or its components, or propolis did neither protect against erosion nor promote it. Propolis presented some bacterial adhesion inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Habluetzel
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Schmid
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thiago S Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Carvalho JC, Scaramucci T, Aimée NR, Mestrinho HD, Hara AT. Early diagnosis and daily practice management of erosive tooth wear lesions. Br Dent J 2018; 224:311-318. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Ionta FQ, Alencar CRBD, Val PP, Boteon AP, Jordão MC, Honório HM, Buzalaf MAR, Rios D. Effect of vegetable oils applied over acquired enamel pellicle on initial erosion. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 25:420-426. [PMID: 28877281 PMCID: PMC5595115 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The prevalence of dental erosion has been recently increasing, requiring new preventive and therapeutic approaches. Vegetable oils have been studied in preventive dentistry because they come from a natural, edible, low-cost, and worldwide accessible source. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of different vegetable oils, applied in two concentrations, on initial enamel erosion. Material and Methods Initially, the acquired pellicle was formed in situ for 2 hours. Subsequently, the enamel blocks were treated in vitro according to the study group (n=12/per group): GP5 and GP100 – 5% and pure palm oil, respectively; GC5 and GC100 – 5% and pure coconut oil; GSa5 and GSa100 – 5% and pure safflower oil; GSu5 and GSu100 – 5% and pure sunflower oil; GO5 and GO100 – 5% and pure olive oil; CON− – Deionized Water (negative control) and CON+ – Commercial Mouthwash (Elmex® Erosion Protection Dental Rinse, GABA/positive control). Then, the enamel blocks were immersed in artificial saliva for 2 minutes and subjected to short-term acid exposure in 0.5% citric acid, pH 2.4, for 30 seconds, to promote enamel surface softening. The response variable was the percentage of surface hardness loss [((SHi - SHf) / SHf )×100]. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p<0.05). Results Enamel blocks of GP100 presented similar hardness loss to GSu100 (p>0.05) and less than the other groups (p<0.05). There was no difference between GP5, GC5, GC100, GSa5, GSu100, GSa100, GSu5, GO5, GO100, CON− and CON+. Conclusion Palm oil seems to be a promising alternative for preventing enamel erosion. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate a long-term erosive cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciny Querobim Ionta
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Poliana Pacifico Val
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Boteon
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Maisa Camillo Jordão
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Heitor Marques Honório
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Daniela Rios
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, SP, Brasil
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18
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Mutahar M, Carpenter G, Bartlett D, German M, Moazzez R. The presence of acquired enamel pellicle changes acid-induced erosion from dissolution to a softening process. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10920. [PMID: 28883656 PMCID: PMC5589892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Erosive wear undermines the structural properties of enamel resulting in irreversible enamel loss. A thin protein layer formed from natural saliva on tooth surfaces, acquired enamel pellicle (AEP), protects against erosive wear. The exact components in saliva responsible for such protection are not yet known. We prepared three solutions containing different components: proteins and ions [natural saliva (NS)], minerals with no proteins [artificial saliva (AS)] and neither proteins nor ions [deionised water (DW)]. To assess the protection of the three solutions against citric acid enamel erosion, enamel specimens were immersed in the corresponding solution for 24 h. All specimens were then exposed to five erosion cycles, each consisted of a further 30 min immersion in the same solution followed by 10-min erosion. Mean step height using a non-contacting profilometer, mean surface microhardness (SMH) using Knoop microhardness tester (final SMH), and roughness and 2D profiles using atomic force microscopy were measured after five cycles. The final SMH values were compared to the starting values (after 24 hr). NS group had significantly less tissue loss but greater SMH change (P < 0.0001) than AS and DW groups. Specimens in NS were softer and rougher (P < 0.001) but less eroded than specimens in AS and DW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Mutahar
- Salivary Research, Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Guy Carpenter
- Salivary Research, Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - David Bartlett
- Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, King's College London Dental Institute, London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew German
- Centre for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Moazzez
- Salivary Research, Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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19
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Aden A, Anderson P, Burnett GR, Lynch RJM, Tomlins PH. Longitudinal correlation of 3D OCT to detect early stage erosion in bovine enamel. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:954-973. [PMID: 28270996 PMCID: PMC5330568 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Erosive tissue-loss in dental enamel is of significant clinical concern because the net loss of enamel is irreversible, however, initial erosion is reversible. Micro-hardness testing is a standard method for measuring initial erosion, but its invasive nature has led to the investigation of alternative measurement techniques. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an attractive alternative because of its ability to non-invasively image three-dimensional volumes. In this study, a four-dimensional OCT system is used to longitudinally measure bovine enamel undergoing a continuous erosive challenge. A new method of analyzing 3D OCT volumes is introduced that compares intensity projections of the specimen surface by calculating the slope of a linear regression line between corresponding pixel intensities and the associated correlation coefficient. The OCT correlation measurements are compared to micro-hardness data and found to exhibit a linear relationship. The results show that this method is a sensitive technique for the investigation of the formation of early stage erosive lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdirahman Aden
- Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Paul Anderson
- Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Gary R Burnett
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, St. Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, KT13 0DE, UK
| | - Richard J M Lynch
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, St. Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, KT13 0DE, UK
| | - Peter H Tomlins
- Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 1BB, UK
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20
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VIDAL MG, OLIVEIRA PHCD, LIMA-ARSATI YBDO, RODRIGUES JA. The effect of dilution on the erosive potential of maltodextrin-containing sports drinks. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction The increasing consumption of maltodextrin-containing sports drinks, usually acidic, during physical activity may cause dental erosion. Objective To evaluate the effect of dilution on the erosive potential of maltodextrin-containing sports drinks. Methodology Five samples of five maltodextrin-containing sports drinks [Sports Nutrition (SN), Body Action (BA), New Millen (NM), Athletica Nutrition (AN), Integral Medica (IM)] were diluted with distilled water in three different proportions: as recommended by manufacturer (rec), with 20% more powder (20+) and with 20% less powder (20-) than recommended. Their pH and titratable acidity (volume of 1N NaOH necessary to raise pH to 5.5) were determined. Result The pH and titratable acidity differed among the products, and pH values differed among the dilutions. All sports drinks showed pH below the critical pH for dental enamel demineralization. There was a significant negative correlation between pH and titratable acidity (p <0.01; r = -0.795). Conclusion Changes in the dilution of maltodextrin-containing sports drinks affected their pH, but not their titratable acidity.
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21
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LIN WT, KITASAKO Y, NAKASHIMA S, TAGAMI J. A comparative study of the susceptibility of cut and uncut enamel to erosive demineralization. Dent Mater J 2017; 36:48-53. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wa Than LIN
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yuichi KITASAKO
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Dental clinic, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
| | - Syozi NAKASHIMA
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Junji TAGAMI
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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22
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O'Toole S, Bartlett DW, Moazzez R. Efficacy of sodium and stannous fluoride mouthrinses when used before single and multiple erosive challenges. Aust Dent J 2016; 61:497-501. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S O'Toole
- Prosthodontic Department; King's College London; London UK
| | - DW Bartlett
- Prosthodontic Department; King's College London; London UK
| | - R Moazzez
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division/Restorative Dentistry Department; King's College London; London UK
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23
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de Melo MAS, Passos VF, Lima JPM, Santiago SL, Rodrigues LKA. Carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks exhibit risks for human enamel surface loss. Restor Dent Endod 2016; 41:246-254. [PMID: 27847745 PMCID: PMC5107425 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2016.41.4.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this investigation was to give insights into the impact of carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks on the likely capacity of enamel surface dissolution and the influence of human saliva exposure as a biological protective factor. Materials and Methods The pH, titratable acidity (TA) to pH 7.0, and buffer capacity (β) of common beverages ingested by patients under physical activity were analyzed. Then, we randomly distributed 50 specimens of human enamel into 5 groups. Processed and natural coconut water served as controls for testing three carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks. In all specimens, we measured surface microhardness (Knoop hardness numbers) and enamel loss (profilometry, µm) for baseline and after simulated intake cycling exposure model. We also prepared areas of specimens to be exposed to human saliva overnight prior to the simulated intake cycling exposure. The cycles were performed by alternated immersions in beverages and artificial saliva. ANOVA two-way and Tukey HDS tests were used. Results The range of pH, TA, and β were 2.85 - 4.81, 8.33 - 46.66 mM/L and 3.48 - 10.25 mM/L × pH, respectively. The highest capacity of enamel surface dissolution was found for commercially available sports drinks for all variables. Single time human saliva exposure failed to significantly promote protective effect for the acidic attack of beverages. Conclusions In this study, carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks usually consumed during endurance training may have a greater capacity of dissolution of enamel surface depending on their physicochemical proprieties associated with pH and titratable acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Anne Sampaio de Melo
- Operative Dentistry Division, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vanara Florêncio Passos
- Division of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Fortaleza, Edson Queiroz Foundation, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Lima Santiago
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lidiany Karla Azevedo Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Joshi M, Joshi N, Kathariya R, Angadi P, Raikar S. Techniques to Evaluate Dental Erosion: A Systematic Review of Literature. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZE01-ZE07. [PMID: 27891489 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/17996.8634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews different techniques for evaluating dental erosion, weighs the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques, and presents the latest trends in the study of dental erosion. In May 2014, an initial search was carried out in the PubMed/MEDLINE database of indexed journals from 1975 to 2013 using the following keywords: dental erosion; dental erosion In-vitro; and dental erosion in-vivo. Bibliographic citations from the papers found were then used to find other useful sources. The authors categorize the techniques into three classes: in-vitro, in-vivo and in-vitro/in-vivo. The article discusses the instrumentation required to use each of these techniques, as well as their rationale, merits and applications. The emergence of in-vitro/in-vivo techniques offers the potential to accurately quantify tooth wear in clinical situations. Cross-sectional as well as longitudinal studies show that these techniques will improve diagnosis, treatment planning and management of dental erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahasweta Joshi
- Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikhil Joshi
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Kathariya
- Lecturer, Department of Periodontology, Dr. DY Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prabhakar Angadi
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Daswani Dental College and Research Centre , Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sonal Raikar
- Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, D.Y. Patil Dental School, Ajeenkya D.Y. Patil University , Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Zhao X, Pan J, Malmstrom HS, Ren YF. Protective effects of resin sealant and flowable composite coatings against erosive and abrasive wear of dental hard tissues. J Dent 2016; 49:68-74. [PMID: 26836703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the effectiveness of sealant and flowable composite coating on eroded enamel, dentin and cementum under erosive/abrasive challenges in vitro. METHODS A total of 108 tissue sections (36 each for enamel, dentin and cementum) from third molars were assigned to three groups: Seal & Protect sealant (S&P), Tetric EvoFlow composite (TEF) and control. Erosive/abrasive lesions were created on each specimen by citric acid and brushing with toothpaste. S&P and TEF were applied to the lesions and subjected to erosive/abrasive cycling included 24 cycles of immersion in citric acid (pH 3.6) for 60min, followed by remineralization for 120min and brushing with toothpastes for 600 strokes at 150g. Erosive wear of materials or dental tissues were measured with 3D scanning microscopy and data were analyzed using ANOVA. RESULTS Treatments with S&P and TEF created a protective material coating of 42.7±17.8μm and 150.8±9.9μm in thickness, respectively. After 24 cycles of erosive/abrasive challenges, tissue losses were -346.9±37.3μm for enamel, -166.5±26.3μm for dentin and -164.7±18.2μm for cementum in untreated controls, as compared to material losses of -24.4±3.3μm for S&P, and -10.8±4.4μm for TEF, respectively. Both S&P and TEF were effective in protecting enamel, dentin and cementum against erosive tooth wear (p<0.01). S&P exhibited faster wear than TEF (p<0.01) and showed spotted peeling in a third of the specimens. TEF remained intact on all three types of dental tissues at the end of the 24 cycles of erosive/abrasive challenges. CONCLUSIONS A thin coating of flowable composite resin 150μm in thickness may provide long-term protection against erosive/abrasive tooth wear. Resin sealant may provide adequate protection for dental hard tissues in short-term and may require repeated applications if long-term protection is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhao
- Department of General Dentistry, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of General Dentistry, University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of General Dentistry, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Hans S Malmstrom
- Department of General Dentistry, University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yan-Fang Ren
- Department of General Dentistry, University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Reddy A, Norris DF, Momeni SS, Waldo B, Ruby JD. The pH of beverages in the United States. J Am Dent Assoc 2015; 147:255-63. [PMID: 26653863 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental erosion is the chemical dissolution of tooth structure in the absence of bacteria when the environment is acidic (pH < 4.0). Research indicates that low pH is the primary determinant of a beverage's erosive potential. In addition, citrate chelation of calcium ions may contribute to erosion at higher pH. The authors of this study determined the erosive potential measured by the pH of commercially available beverages in the United States. METHODS The authors purchased 379 beverages from stores in Birmingham, Alabama, and categorized them (for example, juices, sodas, flavored waters, teas, and energy drinks) and assessed their pH. They used a pH meter to measure the pH of each beverage in triplicate immediately after it was opened at a temperature of 25°C. The authors recorded the pH data as mean (standard deviation). RESULTS Most (93%, 354 of 379) beverages had a pH of less than 4.0, and 7% (25 of 379) had a pH of 4.0 or more. Relative beverage erosivity zones based on studies of apatite solubility in acid indicated that 39% (149 of 379) of the beverages tested in this study were considered extremely erosive (pH < 3.0), 54% (205 of 379) were considered erosive (pH 3.0 to 3.99), and 7% (25 of 379) were considered minimally erosive (pH ≥ 4.0). CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive pH assessment of commercially available beverages in the United States found that most are potentially erosive to the dentition. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This study's findings provide dental clinicians and auxiliaries with information regarding the erosive potential of commercially available beverages. Specific dietary recommendations for the prevention of dental erosion may now be developed based on the patient's history of beverage consumption.
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O’Toole S, Mistry M, Mutahar M, Moazzez R, Bartlett D. Sequence of stannous and sodium fluoride solutions to prevent enamel erosion. J Dent 2015; 43:1498-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Qutieshat AS, Mason AG, Chadwick RG. Informing a realistic laboratory erosion-testing regime--observations. J Dent 2015; 43:1352-7. [PMID: 26303400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure aspects of fizzy drink consumption in a social environment to inform the development of a laboratory testing regime. METHODS This was an observational study in which participants were invited to attend one of four pizza and soft drink parties. All such foods and drinks were served in an air conditioned room at a temperature of 24°C. All drinks were at a temperature of 4°C and each participant was asked to spit out, into graduated cups, their first and second sips. Both the temperature and volume of these were measured. Upon completion of the party the volume of drinks consumed was determined. Video footage of the experiment was recorded for subsequent analysis to determine sip count and the elapsed time period between first and last sip. These values were compared to the analogous measured value of expectorated volume in order to assess the usefulness of video observation in the context of this work. RESULTS The mean expectorated beverage temperature was 14.9±2.0°C. The mean time spent drinking was 44.2±17.4 minutes with a mean consumption rate of 13.3±6.0 ml/min. Only the sip volume and sip count per can values were significantly different between sexes (P<0.05) with females displaying lower values for volume and a higher sip count. There was close agreement between the sip volume values observed and calculated using video observation derived parameters. CONCLUSIONS Several human drinking behaviour values were reported in this study and these will be of value in the development of more realistic laboratory erosion-testing regimes. It is concluded, within the limitations of this work, that (1) there are differences in the drinking behaviour of males and females with respect to sip volume and count, (2) the intraoral rise in temperature of a 4°C beverage is lower than that used in previous laboratory simulations and (3) the values derived from video observation agree with those measured directly validating this technique for use in further studies. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The work provides valuable quantitative data on which to base simulated laboratory erosion work. Perhaps the most significant finding is that sipped beverages attain a temperature of only 14.9°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Qutieshat
- All of The Dental School, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK.
| | - A G Mason
- All of The Dental School, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK.
| | - R G Chadwick
- All of The Dental School, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK.
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Ferreira SS, Scaramucci T, Hara AT, Aoki IV, Sobral MAP. Supplementation of an orange juice with dietary proteins to prevent enamel and dentin erosion. Braz Dent J 2015. [PMID: 26200150 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201300128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein supplementation may be an alternative to reduce the erosive potential of acidic drinks. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the erosive potential of an orange juice modified by dietary proteins. A commercially available orange juice was added 0.2 g/L casein, 2.0 g/L ovalbumin and their combination. The juice with no additives and a commercially available calcium-modified juice were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Human enamel and dentin specimens (n=11) were tested in an erosion-remineralization cycling model. Enamel was analyzed by surface microhardness and profilometry, whilst dentin by profilometry only. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p<0.05). Calcium-modified juice showed the lowest erosive potential for both analyses (p<0.05). For enamel, the protein-added groups did not differ from each other (p>0.05) and showed significantly lower enamel loss compared to negative control (p<0.05). Regarding surface microhardness, casein showed the highest values compared to negative control (p<0.05). For dentin, none of the protein-added groups showed lower values of surface loss compared to negative control (p>0.05). In conclusion, for enamel the protein-modified orange juices presented reduced erosion of enamel, with casein showing a trend for better protection. For dentin, no reduction in the erosive potential was observed for the tested protein-modified orange juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella S Ferreira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Anderson T Hara
- Oral Health Research Institute, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Idalina V Aoki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Angela Pita Sobral
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Santos LFTF, Torres CRG, Caneppele TMF, Magalhães AC, Borges AB. Effect of home-bleaching gels modified by calcium and/or fluoride and the application of nano-hydroxyapatite paste on in vitro enamel erosion susceptibility. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 74:121-6. [PMID: 26083582 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1053150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This in vitro study compared the effect of bleaching agents modified by the addition of calcium and/or fluoride and the application of a nano-hydroxyapatite paste after bleaching, on the susceptibility of enamel to erosion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine enamel cylindrical samples (3 mm diameter) were assigned to six groups (n = 20 specimens/group) according to the bleaching agent: no bleaching (C-control), 7.5% hydrogen peroxide gel (HP), HP with 0.5% calcium gluconate (HP+Ca), HP with 0.2% sodium fluoride (HP+F), HP with calcium and fluoride (HP+Ca+F) and HP followed by the application of a nano-hydroxyapatite agent (HP+NanoP). The gels were applied on the enamel surface (1 h) followed by cyclic erosive challenges (Sprite Zero®-2 min), for 14 days. The paste was applied after bleaching for 5 min (HP+NanoP). The enamel surface alteration was measured by contact profilometry (µm) (after 7 and 14 days). RESULTS C-control (mean ± SD: 2.29 ± 0.37 at 7 days/4.86 ± 0.72 at 14 days) showed significantly lower loss compared to the experimental groups. HP+Ca (3.34 ± 0.37/6.75 ± 1.09) and HP+F (4.49 ± 0.92/7.61 ± 0.90) presented significantly lower enamel loss than HP (4.18 ± 0.50/10.30 ± 1.58) only for 14 days and HP+Ca+F (4.92 ± 1.03/8.12 ± 1.52) showed values similar to the HP+F group. The HP+NanoP (5.51 ± 1.04/9.61 ± 1.21) resulted in enamel loss similar to the HP after 14 days. CONCLUSIONS It was found that 7.5% hydrogen peroxide increased the susceptibility of enamel to erosion. The addition of calcium or fluoride to the bleaching gel reduced the erosion effect, while the nano-hydroxyapatite agent did not provide any protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
- a 1 Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP , São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Taciana Marco Ferraz Caneppele
- a 1 Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP , São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- b 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, USP , Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Buhler Borges
- a 1 Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP , São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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KAMOZAKI MBB, PRAKKI A, PEROTE LCCC, GUTIERREZ NC, PAGANI C. The effect of CPP-ACP and Nd:YAG laser on the bond strength of softened dentin. Braz Oral Res 2015; 29:S1806-83242015000100268. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2015.vol29.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Seong J, Virani A, Parkinson C, Claydon N, Hellin N, Newcombe RG, West N. Clinical enamel surface changes following an intra-oral acidic challenge. J Dent 2015; 43:1013-20. [PMID: 25868879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigation of early enamel erosion using replica impressions to compare changes in enamel surface topography in vivo prior to and over a 24 h period following acid challenge. METHOD A single treatment, blinded, enamel replica clinical study was undertaken in 20 healthy subjects. Replica tooth impressions were taken at baseline, following acid challenge and 2, 4, 7 and 24 h post challenge. Subjects consumed 500 ml of acidic soft drink over 30 min. Scanning electron microscopy of surface tomography was characterised with a descriptive 5 point scale by four judges. Duplicate impressions were taken to assess reproducibility. RESULTS 18 subjects had scorable sequences. Descriptive analyses showed erosive changes following acid consumption and reparative changes in the subsequent 24 h period. Comparing baseline replica to the 24 h replica, there were no significant differences (p=0.26) in tooth surface characteristics. Comparing the replica taken immediately following acidic challenge with the subsequent replicas at 2, 4, 7 and 24 h, showed clear reduction of erosive effects on the enamel surface at 2 h (p=0.02) and a highly significant reduction at 4, 7 and 24 h (p<0.001). CONCLUSION This methodology demonstrated the ability to follow the progression and recovery of early erosive enamel lesions over 24 h being accurate and reproducible. This study suggests enamel repair commences within 2 h following a substantial acidic challenge and is completed 4-24 h later. After 24 h, the tooth surface appeared visibly indistinguishable from the original tooth surface, suggestive of a recovery process occurring. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Healthy erosive lifestyles often culminate in tooth wear. The time taken for enamel remineralisation following acidic challenge is unknown however, this study suggests the repair process is relatively slow following a substantial acidic challenge, and at least 4-24 h should elapse prior to further acidic consumption to allow for recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Seong
- Periodontology, Clinical Trials Unit, Bristol Dental School, Bristol, UK
| | - A Virani
- Periodontology, Clinical Trials Unit, Bristol Dental School, Bristol, UK
| | - C Parkinson
- Oral Care Medical Affairs Consumer Healthcare R&D, GlaxoSmithKine, Weybridge, UK
| | - N Claydon
- Periodontology, Clinical Trials Unit, Bristol Dental School, Bristol, UK
| | - N Hellin
- Periodontology, Clinical Trials Unit, Bristol Dental School, Bristol, UK
| | - R G Newcombe
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - N West
- Periodontology, Clinical Trials Unit, Bristol Dental School, Bristol, UK.
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Brito ACM, Dantas LR, De Brito ALF, Muniz ACS, Ramos IA, Cardoso AMR, Xavier AFC, Cavalcanti AL. Loss on drying, calcium concentration and pH of fluoride dentifrices. Contemp Clin Dent 2015; 6:S72-6. [PMID: 25821380 PMCID: PMC4374324 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.152962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Fluoride dentifrices containing calcium carbonate have advantages such as control of dental plaque and progression of dental caries, also contributing to oral hygiene, represent most dentifrices marketed in Brazil. Aim: To evaluate the physicochemical properties of seven fluoride dentifrices containing calcium carbonate in relation to hydrogen potential (pH), loss on drying and calcium concentration. Materials and Methods: Data collection was performed using the potentiometric method for pH ranges, gravimetric analysis for loss on drying and atomic absorption spectrometry for the concentration of calcium ions. All tests were performed in triplicate and the analysis was performed entirely at random according to one-way analysis of variance at 5% significance level. Results: The pH values were alkaline and ranged from 8.67 (Oral-B 123®) to 10.03 (Colgate Máxima Proteção Anticáries®). The results of loss on drying ranged from 33.81% (Oral-B 123®) to 61.13% (Close Up®), with significant differences between brands tested. In relation to the calcium content, the highest and lowest concentrations were found in dentifrices Even® (155.55 g/kg) and Colgate Ultra Branco® (129 g/kg), respectively, with significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Fluoride dentifrices analyzed showed alkaline pH and high levels of loss on drying and calcium concentration. However, these physicochemical characteristics differed according to the different brands tested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Cristina Silva Muniz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - Ianny Alves Ramos
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraiba, Paraiba, Brazil
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Stefański T, Postek-Stefańska L. Possible ways of reducing dental erosive potential of acidic beverages. Aust Dent J 2014; 59:280-8. [PMID: 24912931 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Frequent consumption of acidic beverages is related to excessive tooth wear, namely dental erosion. Preventive measures may involve reduction or elimination of acidic drink consumption. However, the success of this approach is difficult to achieve as it is highly dependent on patient compliance. Therefore, a practical way of minimizing the erosive potential of popular acidic drinks may be their chemical modification. The aim of this article was to review the different methods of modification and their shortcomings. The available literature demonstrates that the erosive potential of most acidic beverages could be reduced. To date, the effectiveness of soluble calcium salts supplementation is the best established. However, modification can reduce the sensorial quality of the drink and shorten its shelf-life. There is also a need to evaluate the lowest effective and safe dose of the additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Stefański
- Academic Centre for Dentistry, Bytom, Poland
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Kemaloğlu H, Tezel H, Ergücü Z. Does post-bleaching fluoridation affect the further demineralization of bleached enamel? An in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:113. [PMID: 25193250 PMCID: PMC4161869 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical fluoride agents have been shown to be the most effective method in treating demineralized enamel after in-office bleaching treatments. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effects of two different post-bleaching fluoridation agents: 1.5% titanium tetrafluoride (TiF(4)) (9200 ppm) and 2.1% sodium fluoride (NaF) (9500 ppm), on the calcium loss of enamel after an acidic challenge. METHODS Ten maxillary premolars were sectioned into four pieces and then divided into the following four groups: Group 1: Control, kept in artificial saliva, no treatment; Group 2: 38% hydrogen peroxide (HP); Group 3: 38% HP followed by 1.5% TiF(4); Group 4: 38% HP followed by 2.1% NaF solution. The specimens were subjected to demineralization for 16 days, refreshing the solution every 4 days; that is, on the 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th days. Calcium ion (Ca(2+)) concentration was determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (p = 0.05). RESULTS The loss of Ca(2+) in each of the test groups was compared with that of the control group, depicting that there was a statistically significant difference among the groups after 4, 8, 12, and 16 days and in total (p < 0.05). The calcium released from the fluoride-applied groups was lower when compared with the 38% HP and control group. At the end of the 16th day, the total amount of calcium released from the TiF(4-)treated samples (9.12 mg/mL) was less than from the NaF-treated samples (13.67 mg/mL) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Regarding the results of our in vitro study, the risk of further demineralization was significantly reduced with the use of TiF(4) and NaF after bleaching with 38% HP. TiF(4) was found to be more effective in preventing Ca2+ release owing to acid attack when compared with NaF. In the case of an intra-oral acidic exposure, the use of topical 1.5% TiF(4) and 2.1% NaF agents might be beneficial after bleaching with 38% HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Kemaloğlu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Tezel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ergücü
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir Turkey
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Enhanced enamel benefits from a novel toothpaste and dual phase gel containing calcium silicate and sodium phosphate salts. J Dent 2014; 42 Suppl 1:S39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-5712(14)50006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Chew H, Zakian C, Pretty I, Ellwood R. Measuring Initial Enamel Erosion with Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence and Optical Coherence Tomography: An in vitro Validation Study. Caries Res 2014; 48:254-62. [DOI: 10.1159/000354411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Amoras DR, Corona SAM, Rodrigues AL, Serra MC. Effect of beverages on bovine dental enamel subjected to erosive challenge with hydrochloric acid. Braz Dent J 2013. [PMID: 23207851 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402012000400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated by an in vitro model the effect of beverages on dental enamel previously subjected to erosive challenge with hydrochloric acid. The factor under study was the type of beverage, in five levels: Sprite® Zero Low-calorie Soda Lime (positive control), Parmalat® ultra high temperature (UHT) milk, Ades® Original soymilk, Leão® Ice Tea Zero ready-to-drink low-calorie peach-flavored black teaand Prata® natural mineral water (negative control). Seventy-five bovine enamel specimens were distributed among the five types of beverages (n=15), according to a randomized complete block design. For the formation of erosive wear lesions, the specimens were immersed in 10 mL aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid 0.01 M for 2 min. Subsequently, the specimens were immersed in 20 mL of the beverages for 1 min, twice daily for 2 days at room temperature. In between, the specimens were kept in 20 mL of artificial saliva at 37ºC. The response variable was the quantitative enamel microhardness. ANOVA and Tukey's test showed highly significant differences (p<0.00001) in the enamel exposed to hydrochloric acid and beverages. The soft drink caused a significantly higher decrease in microhardness compared with the other beverages. The black tea caused a significantly higher reduction in microhardness than the mineral water, UHT milk and soymilk, but lower than the soft drink. Among the analyzed beverages, the soft drink and the black tea caused the most deleterious effects on dental enamel microhardness.
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Kim BR, Min JH, Kwon HK, Kim BI. Analysis of the erosive effects of children's beverages using a pH-cycling model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.11149/jkaoh.2013.37.3.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ra Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Min
- Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Kwon
- Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Seoul, Korea
- Oral Science Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baek-Il Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Seoul, Korea
- Oral Science Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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MITA H, KITASAKO Y, TAKAGAKI T, SADR A, TAGAMI J. Development and evaluation of a low-erosive apple juice drink with Phosphoryl-Oligosaccharides of Calcium. Dent Mater J 2013; 32:212-8. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2012-256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tedesco TK, Gomes NG, Soares FZM, Rocha RO. Erosive effects of beverages in the presence or absence of caries simulation by acidogenic challenge on human primary enamel: an in vitro study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2012; 13:36-40. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03262839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Operative, Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Passos VF, Melo MA, Vasconcellos AA, Rodrigues LK, Santiago SL. Comparison of methods for quantifying dental wear caused by erosion and abrasion. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 76:178-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Karlinsey RL, Mackey AC, Blanken DD, Schwandt CS. Remineralization of eroded enamel lesions by simulated saliva in vitro. Open Dent J 2012; 6:170-6. [PMID: 23136621 PMCID: PMC3486963 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601206010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two simulated saliva (SS) remineralization solutions comprising different calcium-inorganic phosphate (Ca/Pi) ratios on eroded enamel. Methods: 3 mm diameter enamel cores were extracted from bovine teeth, mounted in acrylic rods, ground and polished,and initially demineralized with either 0.3% (120 minutes) or 1.0% (30 minutes) citric acid solutions (pH 3.8). Both sets of initially eroded specimens were evaluated for surface microhardness (N=10) and treated with either 0.3 or 1.6 Ca/Pi ratio SS. Groups were first exposed to a seven-day remineralization period and then were cycled in a three-day regimen consisting daily of three rounds of two-hour plus overnight SS treatments and three 10-minute static immersions in demineralization solution. Specimens were assessed using surface microhardness and scanning electron microscopy. Results: Initial erosion from 0.3% citric acid led to elliptical-shaped pore openings several microns in length and in depth and contrasted significantly with respect to 1% citric acid. The greatest remineralization was observed from the 0.3 Ca/Pi SS, while the 1.6 Ca/Pi SS produced the least. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the nature of remineralization of eroded enamel depends on both initial erosive conditions and the Ca/Pi ratio of simulated saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Karlinsey
- RL Karlinsey, Indiana Nanotech, 351 West 10 Street, Suite 309, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202 USA
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Estimated erosive potential depends on exposure time. J Dent 2012; 40:1103-8. [PMID: 23000470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate erosive potential of beverages, using exposure times from 3 to 30 min, and to analyse the relationship between erosion and several drink parameters. METHODS pH, calcium, phosphate and fluoride concentration, saturation, titratable-acidity to pH 5.5 and the viscosity of sixteen beverages were measured or calculated. Enamel samples (N = 90) were serially exposed to 1 ml of the beverages for 3, 6, 9, 15 and 30 min and erosion was measured as the loss of calcium to the beverage. Rate of erosion per min was calculated by linear curve fitting using all exposure times. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between erosion and the drink parameters. A limited multivariate analysis was performed for the outcome parameter with the highest univariate correlations (erosion per minute) and 4 drink variables. RESULTS A negative relationship was observed only for pH for all exposure times. Only for erosion per min a significant relationship with pH and saturation was found. In a model for erosion per min using only saturation, fluoride concentration, titratable acidity and viscosity, both saturation and viscosity were shown to have a significant effect (p = 0.01 and p = 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION Exposure times between 3 and 30 min result in very different estimates of erosive potential. There is no sound theoretical ground for preferring one or other exposure time/outcome as being more clinically relevant. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study shows that effect of the choice of study methodology on the measurement of erosive potential of beverages is large.
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Scaramucci T, Sobral M, Eckert G, Zero D, Hara A. In situ Evaluation of the Erosive Potential of Orange Juice Modified by Food Additives. Caries Res 2012; 46:55-61. [DOI: 10.1159/000335572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Scaramucci T, Hara AT, Zero DT, Ferreira SS, Aoki IV, Sobral MAP. In vitro evaluation of the erosive potential of orange juice modified by food additives in enamel and dentine. J Dent 2011; 39:841-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Benjakul P, Chuenarrom C. Association of dental enamel loss with the pH and titratable acidity of beverages. J Dent Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
Excessive consumption of acidic drinks and foods contributes to tooth erosion. The aims of the present in vitro study were twofold: (1) to assess the erosive potential of different dietary substances and medications; (2) to determine the chemical properties with an impact on the erosive potential. We selected sixty agents: soft drinks, an energy drink, sports drinks, alcoholic drinks, juice, fruit, mineral water, yogurt, tea, coffee, salad dressing and medications. The erosive potential of the tested agents was quantified as the changes in surface hardness (ΔSH) of enamel specimens within the first 2 min (ΔSH2-0 = SH2 min - SHbaseline) and the second 2 min exposure (ΔSH4-2 = SH4 min - SH2 min). To characterise these agents, various chemical properties, e.g. pH, concentrations of Ca, Pi and F, titratable acidity to pH 7·0 and buffering capacity at the original pH value (β), as well as degree of saturation (pK - pI) with respect to hydroxyapatite (HAP) and fluorapatite (FAP), were determined. Erosive challenge caused a statistically significant reduction in SH for all agents except for coffee, some medications and alcoholic drinks, and non-flavoured mineral waters, teas and yogurts (P < 0·01). By multiple linear regression analysis, 52 % of the variation in ΔSH after 2 min and 61 % after 4 min immersion were explained by pH, β and concentrations of F and Ca (P < 0·05). pH was the variable with the highest impact in multiple regression and bivariate correlation analyses. Furthermore, a high bivariate correlation was also obtained between (pK - pI)HAP, (pK - pI)FAP and ΔSH.
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