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de Arruda CNF, Vivanco RG, Amorim AA, Ferreira AC, Tonani-Torrieri R, Bikker FJ, Pires-de-Souza FDCP. The effect of phytosphingosine associated with tooth brushing on color change, surface roughness, and microhardness of dental enamel - an in vitro and in situ study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:849-858. [PMID: 35831626 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the in vitro and in situ effects of phytosphingosine (PHS) associated with tooth brushing on color stability, surface roughness, and microhardness of dental enamel. METHODS Sixty-four specimens of bovine teeth (6 × 6 × 2 mm) were separated into 8 groups (n = 8): S + TB: PHS (spray) + tooth brushing; TB + S: tooth brushing + PHS (spray); I + TB: PHS (immersion) + tooth brushing; TB + I: tooth brushing + PHS (immersion); TB: tooth brushing; S: PHS spray; I: immersion in PHS solution, and Saliva: immersion in saliva. Tooth brushing simulation (Mavtec, Brazil) was performed (356 rpm on 3.8 cm area by the toothbrush - Soft Tek) for 1, 7, 15, and 30 days. PHS remained in contact with specimens for 15 min. The specimens were evaluated before and after tooth brushing for color alteration (Easy Shade, VITA), and surface roughness (Model SJ-201P Mitutoyo), and Knoop microhardness (HMV-2, Shimadzu Corporation). For the in situ analyses, 8 participants were recruited and received an intraoral device with 6 fragments of bovine enamel (6 × 6 × 2 mm). The properties evaluated were the same as those of the in vitro study. Participants were randomized following best results of in vitro tested protocols, for 15 days: TB, TB + S, I + TB. Data obtained by in vitro (two-way ANOVA, Tukey, p < .05) and in situ (one-way ANOVA, Tukey, p < .05) studies were analyzed. RESULTS The in vitro study showed that greater color change was found after 30 days. The greatest differences in surface roughness occurred between the initial value and after 1 day. Regarding microhardness, the highest values occurred after 15 and 30 days, which showed similar results. The in situ study showed greater color changes for the TB and I + TB, and greater surface roughness changes for TB as well as a similar increase in microhardness for the PHS protocols, which were higher than TB. CONCLUSIONS Phytosphingosine leads to an increase in performance regarding color stability, surface roughness, and microhardness when applied. In general, the application of PHS after brushing showed a positive impact on its performance. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Phytosphingosine proved to be interesting for compound prevention formulations in the dentistry field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Noronha Ferraz de Arruda
- Department of Dental Prosthodontics, Dental School of Rio de Janeiro State University, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 157, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Rocio Geng Vivanco
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ayodele Alves Amorim
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cavalcanti Ferreira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Tonani-Torrieri
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Floris Jacob Bikker
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit and Universiteit Van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Furquim Dos Santos Cardoso V, Amaral Roppa RH, Antunes C, Silva Moraes AN, Santi L, Konrath EL. Efficacy of medicinal plant extracts as dental and periodontal antibiofilm agents: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114541. [PMID: 34416298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The presence of biofilm in oral cavity is associated with dental plaque and related diseases, including gingivitis, periodontitis and inflammatory responses. Some medicinal plants traditionally used for biofilm-associated pathologies such as Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Punica granatum L. and Lippia sidoides Cham. are currently incorporated into dosage forms as antiplaque agents. AIMS OF THE STUDY To present the current application of medicinal plant extracts associated in drug dosages to control microbial biofilms, with emphasis on those present in the oral cavity, especially to treat dental plaque. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PRISMA-compliant systematic search was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. After the abstract and full-text analysis, the Cochrane Collaboration's tools for clinical studies was applied to assess the methodological quality of randomized clinical trials. RESULTS Of 964 potentially eligible studies, 47 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Camellia sinensis was the most commonly used species (8 studies), with positive results in reducing both the PI and GI in the form of mouthwash, toothpaste and gel. The Melaleuca alternifolia oil (5 studies) demonstrated low reduction in PI but important effects on GI scores. Azadirachta indica (4 studies) extracts presented efficacy similar to CHX to improve the periodontal parameters, including PI and GI. Ricinus communis oil (3 studies), despite reducing microbiological counts and GI, did not prove to be better than the hypochlorite solution, used as an alternative treatment for dentures. The main bioactive compounds described for the plant species are polyphenols, essential oils and alkaloids, most of them with identified antibiofilm activities. CONCLUSIONS These active species could lead to future development of safer and newer treatments for oral biofilm-associated infections. However, more studies are needed to further understand the clinical relevance of their application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Haack Amaral Roppa
- Departamento de Produção de Matéria-Prima, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Antunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda Naiara Silva Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Santi
- Departamento de Produção de Matéria-Prima, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luis Konrath
- Departamento de Produção de Matéria-Prima, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Dantas Lopes Dos Santos D, Besegato JF, de Melo PBG, Oshiro Junior JA, Chorilli M, Deng D, Bagnato VS, Rastelli ANDS. Curcumin-loaded Pluronic ® F-127 Micelles as a Drug Delivery System for Curcumin-mediated Photodynamic Therapy for Oral Application. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1072-1088. [PMID: 33872402 DOI: 10.1111/php.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is promising for oral decontamination. Curcumin has been used as photosensitizer; however, the hydrophobic properties can negatively affect aPDT. This study evaluated the aPDT efficacy using Cur-loaded Pluronic® F-127 micelles against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans biofilms. Micelles characterization was performed by zeta potential, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Cur concentrations, cell viability by CFU mL-1 and confocal microscopy were determined. Data were analyzed by parametric and nonparametric tests under 5%. Cur-loaded Pluronic® F-127 exhibited spherical shape, suitable particle size (≤100 nm), adequate polydispersity index, best stability, lower photodegradation and autoaggregation compared to unloaded-Cur. Both microorganisms were sensitive to Cur-loaded Pluronic® F-127 micelles aPDT, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 270 μm and 2.1093 μm for S. mutans and C. albicans suspended culture, respectively. Cur-loaded Pluronic® F-127 aPDT exhibited antibacterial/antifungal effect against the biofilms (~3 log10 reduction; P ≤ 0.05); however, similar to unloaded (P ≥ 0.05). Confocal images confirmed these results. Cur-loaded Pluronic® F-127 micelles exhibited good photo-chemical properties and may be a viable alternative to deliver Cur and to improve aPDT effect during the treatment of dental caries. Moreover, Pluronic® micelles can enhance the solubility, stability, permeability and control the release of Cur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Dantas Lopes Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Felipe Besegato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Borges Gobbo de Melo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Augusto Oshiro Junior
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dongmei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam - ACTA, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Physics Institute of São Carlos - IFSC, University of São Paulo - USP, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vahabi S, Hakemi-Vala M, Gholami S. In vitro Antibacterial Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Lawsonia inermis, Malva sylvestris, and Boswellia serrata on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Adv Biomed Res 2019; 8:22. [PMID: 31016180 PMCID: PMC6446579 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_205_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Considering the increased rate of microbial resistance to antibiotics and chemical side effects of antibiotics and antiseptics used for the treatment of periodontal disease, there is a need for an alternative antimicrobial agent with fewer complications. Medicinal herbs have recently become popular as novel antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Lawsonia inermis, Malva sylvestris, and Boswellia serrata on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Materials and Methods: Hydroalcoholic extracts of the three medicinal plants were obtained by the maceration technique and A. actinomycetemcomitans was cultured. Antimicrobial efficacy of the three medicinal plants was compared with that of 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocol using agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution techniques. All tests were repeated three times. Results: Hydroalcoholic extracts of all three plants had antimicrobial activity against A. actinomycetemcomitans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of L. inermis, M. sylvestris, and B. serrata was 78.1, 156.2, and 1666 μg/mL with no significant difference between them. The MIC of CHX was 3.33 μg/mL, which was significantly higher than that of B. serrata extract. Conclusion: Given that further in vivo studies confirm other properties of these extracts and their safety in terms of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity, hydroalcoholic extracts of L. inermis and M. sylvestris may be used in mouthwashes or local delivery systems to affect periodontal biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surena Vahabi
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Hakemi-Vala
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Gholami
- Dentist, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Santos GOD, Milanesi FC, Greggianin BF, Fernandes MI, Oppermann RV, Weidlich P. Chlorhexidine with or without alcohol against biofilm formation: efficacy, adverse events and taste preference. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e32. [PMID: 28513784 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, different chlorhexidine formulations have been tested, including an alcohol-free alternative, but the effect of this solution on early biofilm formation is not clear. A crossover, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of two chlorhexidine solutions against supra- and subgingival biofilm formation (NCT#02656251). Thirty-five participants were randomized and asked to rinse twice daily with 15 ml of an alcohol-containing 0.12% chlorhexidine solution, an alcohol-free 0.12% chlorhexidine solution, or placebo. The study was conducted in three experimental periods of 4 days each, with a 10-day washout between the periods. All the experimental periods followed the same protocol, except that the solutions were switched. Biofilm distribution was evaluated every 24 hours by the Plaque-Free Zone Index, during 96 hours. Adverse events were self-reported and sensory evaluation was performed using a hedonic scale. Compared to the placebo, the chlorhexidine solutions resulted in a significantly higher number of surfaces free of plaque over 96 hours (p < 0.01), and were able to prevent subgingival biofilm formation (p < 0.01). The alcohol-free chlorhexidine solution was associated with a lower incidence of adverse events, compared with alcohol-containing chlorhexidine (p < 0.05); it also received better sensory evaluation and acceptance by trial participants, compared with the alcohol-containing chlorhexidine (p = 0.007), and had a similar inhibitory effect on the formation of supra- and subgingival biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Otero Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carpes Milanesi
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Frizon Greggianin
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marilene Issa Fernandes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rui Vicente Oppermann
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patricia Weidlich
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Panyo J, Matsunami K, Panichayupakaranant P. Bioassay-guided isolation and evaluation of antimicrobial compounds from Ixora megalophylla against some oral pathogens. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1522-7. [PMID: 26809027 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1107106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Ixora megalophylla Chamch. (Rubiaceae) is a new plant species recently found in southern Thailand. Ethyl acetate extracts of its leaves and stems showed antimicrobial activities. Objectives To isolate and identify the antimicrobial compounds from I. megalophylla leaves and stems. Materials and methods The dried leaves (1.7 kg) and stems (3.5 kg) were consecutively extracted with petroleum ether (5 L × 4), ethyl acetate (5 L × 3) and ethanol (5 L × 4) under reflux conditions. The ethyl acetate extract was subjected to an antimicrobial assay guided isolation with Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. Compounds 1-10 were identified by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and EI-MS. Minimal lethal concentration (MLC) against C. albicans and Streptococcus spp. was determined using a broth microdilution method for 48 and 24 h, respectively. Results and discussion On the basis of the antimicrobial assay guided isolation, 10 known compounds, including vanillic acid (1), syringic acid (2), 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde (3), scopoletin (4), loliolide (5), syringaldehyde (6), sinapaldehyde (7), coniferaldehyde (8), syringaresinol (9) and 2,2'-dithiodipyridine (10), were identified. Compounds 1-5 were purified from the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves, while 6-9 and 10 were from the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of the stems, respectively. Among these isolates, 10 showed the strongest antibacterial activities against S. mutans and Streptococcus mitis, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 2-4 μg/mL, and MLC of 4 μg/mL, as well as having a weak antifungal activity against C. albicans (MIC of 125 μg/mL). This is the first report of the antimicrobial activities of 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Panyo
- a Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany , Prince of Songkla University , Hat-Yai , Songkhla , Thailand
| | - K Matsunami
- b Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Hiroshima University , Minamiku , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - P Panichayupakaranant
- a Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany , Prince of Songkla University , Hat-Yai , Songkhla , Thailand ;,c Excellent Research Laboratory , Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University , Hat-Yai , Songkhla , Thailand
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VERARDI G, CENCI MS, MASKE TT, WEBBER B, SANTOS LRD. Antiseptics and microcosm biofilm formation on titanium surfaces. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:S1806-83242016000100225. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Silva ACBD, Stipp RN, Mattos-Graner RDO, Sampaio FC, Araújo DAMD. Influence of Sub-Lethal and Lethal Concentrations of Chlorhexidine on Morphology and Glucosyltransferase Genes Expression in <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> UA159. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2014.413105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex infectious disease that affects low-income individuals disproportionately. Periodontitis is associated with specific bacterial species and herpesviruses, and successful prevention and treatment of the disease is contingent upon effective control of these pathogens. This article presents an efficacious, highly safe, minimally invasive, practical and low-cost periodontal therapy that involves professional and patient-administered mechanical therapy and antimicrobial agents. The major components are scaling for calculus removal, periodontal pocket irrigation with potent antiseptics, and treatment with systemic antibiotics for advanced disease. Povidone-iodine and sodium hypochlorite have all the characteristics for becoming the first-choice antiseptics in the management of periodontal diseases. Both agents show excellent antibacterial and antiviral properties, are readily available throughout the world, have been safely used in periodontal therapy for decades, offer significant benefits for individuals with very limited financial resources, and are well accepted by most dental professionals and patients. Four per cent chlorhexidine applied with a toothbrush to the most posterior part to the tongue dorsum can markedly reduce or eliminate halitosis in most individuals. Systemic antibiotics are used to treat periodontopathic bacteria that are not readily reached by topical therapy, such as pathogens within gingival tissue, within furcation defects, at the base of periodontal pockets, and on the tongue, tonsils and buccal mucosae. Valuable antibiotic therapies are amoxicillin-metronidazole (250 mg of amoxicillin and 250 mg of metronidazole, three times daily for 8 days) for young and middle-aged patients, and ciprofloxacin-metronidazole (500 mg of each, twice daily for 8 days) for elderly patients and for patients in developing countries who frequently harbor enteric rods subgingivally. Scaling to remove dental calculus and the prudent use of inexpensive antimicrobial agents can significantly retard or arrest progressive periodontitis in the great majority of patients.
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Murthy BS, Manjula K, George JV, Shruthi N. Evaluation of effect of three different dental unit waterline antimicrobials on the shear bond strength to dentin - An ex vivo study. J Conserv Dent 2012; 15:289-92. [PMID: 22876021 PMCID: PMC3410344 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.97963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In restorative treatment dental unit water is used while irrigating the cavity and also in the use of composite restorations to flush away the etchant to place bonding agent. These antimicrobials may influence the bond strength of the dentine bonding agent to the dentine. AIM AND OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of three different dental units waterline antimicrobials on the shear bond strength of dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty freshly extracted human teeth were taken and the occlusal surfaces were sectioned to obtain a flat dentin surface. Then the teeth were randomized into 4 groups depending on the antimicrobial used: Group 1(Distilled water), Group 2 (Alpron), Group 3 (CitriSil), and Group 4 (Chlorhexidine). The dentine surface was prepared for bonding and composite resin was placed in two increments of 2 mm each. The specimens were stored in distilled water, thermo cycled after 7 days shear test was performed by using the universal testing machine. RESULT No significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 with regard to shear bond strength. There was a significant difference in the SBS of Group 1 and Group 3 and Group 4. The SBS of group 2 was higher than Group 3 and Group 4 and the difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSION Citrisil and Chlorhexidine groups showed affected bond strength whereas Alpron did not vary with bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bv Sreenivasa Murthy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, M.S. Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital, M.S. Ramaiah Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Solís C, Santos A, Nart J, Violant D. 0.2% Chlorhexidine Mouthwash With an Antidiscoloration System Versus 0.2% Chlorhexidine Mouthwash: A Prospective Clinical Comparative Study. J Periodontol 2011; 82:80-5. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Patel M, Coogan MM. Antifungal activity of the plant Dodonaea viscosa var. angustifolia on Candida albicans from HIV-infected patients. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 118:173-176. [PMID: 18448291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the time taken by Dodonaea viscosa var. angustifolia (PLE) a South African medicinal plant, chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and triclosan (TRN) to kill Candida albicans. 41 strains of Candida albicans were investigated, 20 from HIV-positive patients, 20 from HIV-negative subjects and Candida albicans ATCC 90028. The MICs of an acetone extract of PLE, CHX and TRN were measured using a microtitre double dilution technique, and the time taken to kill 99.5% of the strains was determined. The MICs of PLE, CHX and TRN were 6.25-25, 0.008-0.16 and 0.0022-0.009 mg/ml, respectively. PLE killed all the test strains within 30s and CHX 40% of the isolates from HIV-positive patients and 20% of strains from HIV-negative subjects in 1 min. During the same time TRN killed 55% and 35% of isolates from HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Dodonaea viscosa var. angustifolia has antifungal properties and is more effective than commercially available mouthrinses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrudula Patel
- Division of Oral Microbiology, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Abstract
A pet cannot be healthy without oral health. Periodontal is a significant disease that has local and systemic ramifications. It has been stated earlier that effective plaque control prevents gingivitis. In human beings, 90% of periodontitis occurs as the result of progression gingivitis, and this type of periodontitis can be completely prevented by plaque control. It is reasonable that dogs and cats react similarly and that effective plaque control could prevent a large percentage of periodontitis cases. Proper nutrition and effective oral hygiene are necessary components of oral health and should be jointly promoted in the management of oral disease in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen I Logan
- Hill's Pet Nutrition, PO Box 148, Topeka, KS 66601, USA.
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Silverman S, Wilder R. Antimicrobial mouthrinse as part of a comprehensive oral care regimen. J Am Dent Assoc 2006; 137 Suppl:22S-26S. [PMID: 17035672 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2006.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial mouthrinses often are used as part of daily oral care to reduce plaque and gingivitis. Although several safety factors have been associated with long-term use of alcohol-containing mouthrinses, numerous studies support the safety of these products in daily care. Patient compliance with daily rinsing is important for successful outcomes. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors reviewed studies relating to the safety and efficacy of alcohol-containing mouthrinses, as well as studies indicating that most patients fail to comply with oral health care recommendations. The authors also reviewed a behavioral change theory and applied it to oral health care. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol-containing antimicrobial mouthrinses are safe and effective as part of a daily oral care regimen to prevent or minimize periodontal disease. However, many patients do not comply with instructions on how to use them. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Antimicrobial mouthrinses are safe and effective, and when used in conjunction with brushing and flossing, they are an important method of reducing plaque and gingivitis. To improve compliance, dental health care professionals should adapt oral health care recommendations to fit patients' specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Silverman
- University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Ave., Box 0422, San Francisco, Calif 94143-0422.
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Matsushita K, Imamura T, Tancharoen S, Tatsuyama S, Tomikawa M, Travis J, Potempa J, Torii M, Maruyama I. Selective inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis growth by a factor Xa inhibitor, DX-9065a. J Periodontal Res 2006; 41:171-6. [PMID: 16677284 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2005.00854.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porphyromonas gingivalis is a causative bacterium of adult periodontitis. However, there is no drug specific for P. gingivalis and for its virulence factor. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a new selective inhibitor of activated factor X, DX-9065a, on growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and other periodontopathic bacteria. METHODS We incubated P. gingivalis and other periodontopathic bacteria in the presence or absence of DX-9065a and examined the effect of DX-9065a on bacterial growth and trypsin-like activity in its cultures. We also examined the effects of DX9065a on amidolytic activity of purified trypsin-like proteinases (gingipains RgpA and RgpB), from P. gingivalis and on trypsin-like activity in gingival crevicular fluids from patients with adult periodontitis. RESULTS DX-9065a selectively inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia, and its effect on P. gingivalis was bactericidal. Trypsin-like proteinase activity was detected in P. gingivalis, and the activity was strongly inhibited by DX-9065a. DX-9065a even inhibited amidolytic activity of RgpA and RgpB from P. gingivalis. Furthermore, trypsin-like proteinase activity in gingival crevicular fluids was strongly inhibited by DX-9065a. CONCLUSIONS DX-9065a inhibits P. gingivalis growth in part through to its ability to inhibit the trypsin-like proteinase activity in P. gingivalis and may be useful for a new drug for treatment of adult periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Matsushita
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Institute for Longevity Science, Aichi, Japan.
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Brecx M, Netuschil L, Hoffmann T. How to select the right mouthrinses in periodontal prevention and therapy. Part II. Clinical use and recommendations. Int J Dent Hyg 2006; 1:188-94. [PMID: 16451500 DOI: 10.1034/j.1601-5037.2003.00046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Based on scientific proof, only few mouthrinse solutions can be recommended. However, it is impossible to construct an extended table that would provide precise recommendations or advices for mouthrinse utilisation related to any possible discomfort or diseases. Only reliable information on the drugs available against periodontal disease can be offered to the therapist. By evaluation of her or his individual experiences, she or he has to judge all the armamentarium she or he possesses to react in the best possible way in each specific situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brecx
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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Matsushita K, Imamura T, Tomikawa M, Tancharoen S, Tatsuyama S, Maruyama I. DX-9065a inhibits proinflammatory events induced by gingipains and factor Xa. J Periodontal Res 2006; 41:148-56. [PMID: 16499718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2005.00853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arginine-specific cysteine proteases (Rgps) from Porphyromonas gingivalis are important virulent factors of periodontal diseases. However, there is no therapeutic drug that inhibits proinflammatory events induced by these enzymes. In this study, we investigated proinflammatory activities of Rgps and activated coagulation factor X (FXa) and examined the effect of DX-9065a, a new selective inhibitor of FXa, on proinflammatory events induced by these proteinases. METHODS Human gingival fibroblasts were stimulated with Rgps and FXa in the presence or absence of DX-9065a, and then interleukin-6 (IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) release, their mRNA expression, and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), northern blotting, and a gel-mobility shift method, respectively. RESULTS Rgps and FXa activated IL-6 and MMP-1 release in human gingival fibroblasts through their amidolytic activities and in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-kappaB dependent manners. DX-9065a inhibited FXa-induced IL-6 mRNA expression and NF-kappaB activation. DX-9065a inhibited amidolytic activities of FXa and Rgps in vitro and ex vivo. CONCLUSION Rgps and FXa are potent inflammatory mediators and DX-9065a may be a useful therapeutic drug for periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Matsushita
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Institute for Longevity Science, Aichi, Japan.
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20
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Carvalho MD, Tabchoury CM, Cury JA, Toledo S, Nogueira-Filho GR. Impact of mouthrinses on morning bad breath in healthy subjects. J Clin Periodontol 2004; 31:85-90. [PMID: 15016031 DOI: 10.1111/j.0303-6979.2004.00452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During sleep, a proliferation of oral bacteria is responsible for the release of offending gases in morning breath even in healthy people. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the bad breath-inhibiting effect of four commercially available mouthrinses (0.03% triclosan, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride and essential oils) on morning breath when compared with a positive and a negative control. METHOD A six-step double-blind, crossover, randomised study was conducted in 12 dental students with healthy periodontium, who refrained from mechanical plaque control during a 4-day period. The subjects were instructed to rinse twice daily with the assigned product during each period. Fifteen-day washout intervals were used. Before professional plaque and tongue coating removal (baseline), the morning breath was scored through volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) level measured by a sulphide monitor. After 4 days, VSCs and plaque index (PI) were recorded. RESULTS Even in the absence of mechanical plaque control, there was a decrease in VSC level with the use of all mouthrinses, with the exception of an increase with the use of the negative control. The VSC formation was inhibited in descending order, by positive control (0.2% chlorhexidine), 0.12% chlorhexidine, triclosan and essential oils and cetylpyridinium chloride. Plaque formation was inhibited by chlorhexidine mouthrinses and essential oils. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that mouthrinses can reduce morning bad breath, and that such a reduction is not attributable only to the reduction of supragingival plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Carvalho
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
This Supplement provides clear evidence that essential oil (EO) mouthwashes can be a beneficial, safe component of daily oral health routines. However, despite the wealth of supporting evidence, several issues are worthy of discussion. Patient compliance is a clear issue with oral home-care routines, and the emphasis is on dental professionals to communicate the importance of adherence. The reasons for each step of the oral-care routine (i.e. brushing, flossing, rinsing) should be clearly explained, and if required, additional motivation should be provided. Most mouthwashes contain denatured alcohol as a delivery vehicle, and some concern has been raised about the association of alcohol with oral cancer. However, a review by the Food and Drug Administration and American Dental Association found that the supporting evidence to date is inconsistent and contradictory. Some mouthwashes have a pH below 5.5, and some researchers believe that this can lead to tooth erosion. Studies have shown that although the pH of an EO mouthwash is below 5.5, salivary pH remains above 5.5 following rinsing and for 15 min postrinse.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Claffey
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental School and Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Giuliana G, Pizzo G, Milici ME, Giangreco R. In vitro activities of antimicrobial agents against Candida species. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 1999; 87:44-9. [PMID: 9927079 DOI: 10.1016/s1079-2104(99)70293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antimicrobial mouthrinses may represent a valid alternative to topical antifungal agents. However, the action of antimicrobials could be affected by the different ingredients incorporated into mouthrinse products. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the in vitro antifungal and fungicidal activities of antimicrobials alone. STUDY DESIGN A broth macrodilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 antimicrobial agents against Candida species. Minimum fungicidal concentration was also determined. RESULTS All antimicrobials showed antifungal activity against all tested organisms, but cetylpyridinium chloride received significantly lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (P < .005). Cetylpyridinium chloride also showed a greater fungicidal activity than chlorhexidine digluconate and hexetidine (P< .005), whereas sanguinarine chloride appeared to be less fungicidal against most of the isolates tested. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that cetylpyridinium chloride may be used as a topical antifungal agent. Clinical trials are now required to assess its value in the management of oral candidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Giuliana
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Palermo, Italy
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Abstract
Supragingival plaque control is essential for the maintenance of oral health. Despite the many chemotherapeutic agents available as mouthrinses and toothpastes, mechanical plaque removal is still the best method to achieve effective plaque control. This is due, in part, to the lack of development of oral antimicrobials with the effectiveness and substantivity of chlorhexidine gluconate but without its adverse effects of dental staining and calculus formation. The use of the numerous mechanical (manual and electric) oral hygiene devices extant and their effectiveness, however, are dependent upon patient dexterity and compliance and concomitant active professional treatment for the monitoring of home care, oral hygiene instruction and patient motivation. This paper evaluates the current methods available to reduce plaque and gingivitis with emphasis on their effectiveness at both supragingival plaque control and disease prevention. In addition, recent studies on the newer oscillating/rotating electric plaque removers and interdental cleaning devices will be discussed as related to their efficacy and compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Iacono
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook 11794-8703, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Moran
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Bristol, United Kingdom
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cummins
- Unilever Research Laboratory, Merseyside, United Kingdom
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