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A study of the Interaction Between Cetirizine and Plasma Membrane of Eosinophils, Neutrophils, Platelets and Lymphocytes using A fluorescence Technique. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 3:229-34. [PMID: 18472948 PMCID: PMC2367040 DOI: 10.1155/s0962935194000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of cetirizine on plasma membrane fluidity and
heterogeneity of human eosinophils, neutrophils, platelets and
lymphocytes was investigated using a fluorescence technique.
Membrane fluidity and heterogeneity were studied by measuring the
steady-state fluorescence anisotropy and fluorescence decay of 1-(4-
trimethylammonium-phenyl)-6-phenyl-1, 3, 5-hexatriene (TMA-DPH)
incorporated in the membrane. The results demonstrate that
cetirizine (1 μg/ml) induced a significant increase in the
Hpid order in the exterior part of the membrane and a decrease in
membrane heterogeneity in eosinophils, neutrophils and platelets.
Moreover, cetirizine blocked the PAF induced changes in membrane
fluidity in these cells. Cetirizine did not influence significantly
the plasma membrane of lymphocytes. These data may partially explain
the effect ofcetirizine on inflammatory cell activities.
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2
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Serum Concentration and Chemotactic Activity of E-selectin (CD62E) in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 3:215-8. [PMID: 18472945 PMCID: PMC2367039 DOI: 10.1155/s096293519400030x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
E-selectin (CD62E) is an endothelial specific glycoprotein belonging
to the selectin family of adhesion molecules. Because a high
expression of this molecule at intestinal mucosal surfaces in
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been described earlier, the aim
was to assess serum levels of E-selectin (sE-selectin) and to
correlate it to disease activity, and further to evaluate its
chemotactic properties at physiological concentrations. Levels of
sEselectin were measured by a sandwich ELISA technique in 31 IBD
patients together with 15 healthy volunteers. In ulcerative colitis
the median value was 0.46 nM (0.16–0.75), in Crohn’s disease
0.47 nM (0.22–1.24), and in healthy controls 0.34 nM
(0.22–0.83). No statistically significant differences in
sE-selectin were revealed between these groups (p > 0.05). The in vitro chemotactic capabilities of E-selectin (in the
concentration range of 0.10–31.4 nM) were assessed using the
leading front technique. A significantly increased migratory
response was found at concentrations of 1.00 (p < 0.05) and 3.14 nM (p < 0.02). It is concluded that sE-selectin in
contrast to sICAM-1 does not act as a sensitive indicator of local
immune activation in IBD. However, E-selectin may be important for
recruitment and accumulation of neutrophilic granulocytes and other
phagocytes involved in the inflammatory process seen in IBD. Future
investigations are encouraged in order to reveal its in
vivo effects.
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3
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Partlow KC, Chen J, Brant JA, Neubauer AM, Meyerrose TE, Creer MH, Nolta JA, Caruthers SD, Lanza GM, Wickline SA. 19F magnetic resonance imaging for stem/progenitor cell tracking with multiple unique perfluorocarbon nanobeacons. FASEB J 2007; 21:1647-54. [PMID: 17284484 DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-6505com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
MRI has been employed to elucidate the migratory behavior of stem/progenitor cells noninvasively in vivo with traditional proton (1H) imaging of iron oxide nanoparticle-labeled cells. Alternatively, we demonstrate that fluorine (19F) MRI of cells labeled with different types of liquid perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoparticles produces unique and sensitive cell markers distinct from any tissue background signal. To define the utility for cell tracking, mononuclear cells harvested from human umbilical cord blood were grown under proendothelial conditions and labeled with nanoparticles composed of two distinct PFC cores (perfluorooctylbromide and perfluoro-15-crown-5 ether). The sensitivity for detecting and imaging labeled cells was defined on 11.7T (research) and 1.5T (clinical) scanners. Stem/progenitor cells (CD34+ CD133+ CD31+) readily internalized PFC nanoparticles without aid of adjunctive labeling techniques, and cells remained functional in vivo. PFC-labeled cells exhibited distinct 19F signals and were readily detected after both local and intravenous injection. PFC nanoparticles provide an unequivocal and unique signature for stem/progenitor cells, enable spatial cell localization with 19F MRI, and permit quantification and detection of multiple fluorine signatures via 19F MR spectroscopy. This method should facilitate longitudinal investigation of cellular events in vivo for multiple cell types simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C Partlow
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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4
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Abstract
The inflammatory and immune processes in periodontitis are complex and, although a great deal of information is available, many questions remain. Variation in human susceptibility to periodontitis has long been accepted, but the pathological basis of this is poorly understood. Similarly, we know little of the differences, if any, between the pathology of chronic and aggressive periodontitis. Genetics and environmental influences play a role in the susceptibility process, but if and how that translates through the immune and inflammatory processes to produce the plasma cell-dominated lesions seen in periodontitis remain to be elucidated. This review will focus on immunological aspects of the inflammatory changes seen in gingivitis and periodontitis, addressing both humoral and cellular responses to the microbial insult from dental plaque. A tendency for an individual or site to form an extensive plasma cell infiltrate may indicate an inability to defend against periodontopathogens and thus a predisposition to periodontitis. The issues to be considered include: 1) homing of immune and inflammatory cells to target tissues; 2) their local proliferation and synthetic activity; 3) the cytokine profile of the leukocytes; 4) the immunoglobulin subclasses of locally produced antibodies; 5) mucosal and systemic immune characteristics of the response; 6) the humoral immune response in periodontal health and disease states; and 7) the antigenic target of the immune response in periodontal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis F Kinane
- University of Glasgow Dental School, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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5
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Sunazuka T, Hirose T, Chikaraishi N, Harigaya Y, Hayashi M, Komiyama K, Sprengeler PA, Smith AB, Ōmura S. Absolute stereochemistries and total synthesis of (+)/(−)-macrosphelides, potent, orally bioavailable inhibitors of cell–cell adhesion. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Dixon DR, Bainbridge BW, Darveau RP. Modulation of the innate immune response within the periodontium. Periodontol 2000 2004; 35:53-74. [PMID: 15107058 DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-6713.2004.003556.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Dixon
- United States Army Dental Corps and Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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7
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Smart JD. Lectin-mediated drug delivery in the oral cavity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2004; 56:481-9. [PMID: 14969754 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2003.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2003] [Accepted: 10/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of therapeutic agents to, or via, the oral cavity is limited by the efficient removal mechanisms that exist in this area. Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins that bind to specific sugar residues, and can, therefore, interact with the glycoconjugates present on cell surfaces or salivary mucins. Endogenous lectins could also be used as points of attachment for carbohydrate-containing delivery systems. This review considers the possibility of using lectins as targeting agents within the oral cavity and reports on some of the limited number of studies completed to date. As lectins are multifunctional molecules, the possibility of using them as both targeting and therapeutic agents is considered. Lectin-containing delivery systems are a potential innovation for targeted and prolonged therapy within the oral cavity, but considerations such as toxicity and cost will need to be addressed before their routine use becomes a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Smart
- Biomaterials and Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
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8
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Palmer RM, Scott DA, Meekin TN, Poston RN, Odell EW, Wilson RF. Potential mechanisms of susceptibility to periodontitis in tobacco smokers. J Periodontal Res 1999; 34:363-9. [PMID: 10685362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1999.tb02267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is probably the most important, controllable environmental risk factor in periodontitis. It results in changes in the vascular, inflammatory, immune and healing responses. The degree of exposure to tobacco smoking can be measured in pack years or by measuring serum cotinine and nicotine levels. In a previous paper we reported elevated levels of serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in smokers, regardless of periodontal status. Elevated sICAM-1 has been found to be a risk marker for cardiovascular disease. In the present paper we report the short-term effects of an episode of smoking on blood flow and levels of sICAM-1. Human volunteers included non-smokers, light smokers and heavy smokers. Relative blood flow was monitored in the gingivae and forehead skin using a laser Doppler flowmeter and serum levels of sICAM-1, cotinine and nicotine measured before during and up to 60 min following an episode of smoking. We could not provide evidence to support the theory that there is localized vasoconstriction within the gingival tissues. In contrast, there was a significant increase in blood flow in the forehead skin of light smokers which was not observed in non-smoking controls or in heavy smokers, suggesting a long-term tolerance in this latter group. The level of sICAM-1 remained unchanged during this episode, further suggesting a long-term effect. In a parallel group of subjects, we were able to demonstrate a direct significant correlation between sICAM and serum cotinine levels. These observations may be relevant to aetiological mechanisms in periodontitis and other smoking-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Palmer
- Department of Periodontology, Guy's, Kings School of Medicine & Dentistry, King's College London, UK.
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9
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Sunazuka T, Hirose T, Harigaya Y, Takamatsu S, Hayashi M, Komiyama K, Ōmura S, Sprengeler PA, Smith AB. Relative and Absolute Stereochemistries and Total Synthesis of (+)-Macrosphelides A and B, Potent, Orally Bioavailable Inhibitors of Cell−Cell Adhesion. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja971657w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Koundouros E, Odell E, Coward P, Wilson R, Palmer RM. Soluble adhesion molecules in serum of smokers and non-smokers, with and without periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 1996; 31:596-9. [PMID: 8971659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Koundouros
- Department of Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, United Medical School, Guy's Thomas's Hospital, London, UK
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11
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Reife RA, Shapiro RA, Bamber BA, Berry KK, Mick GE, Darveau RP. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide is poorly recognized by molecular components of innate host defense in a mouse model of early inflammation. Infect Immun 1995; 63:4686-94. [PMID: 7591124 PMCID: PMC173673 DOI: 10.1128/iai.63.12.4686-4694.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative bacterium that is associated with periodontitis. It has been hypothesized that destruction of bone and periodontal connective tissue is associated with colonization of the subgingival crevicular space by P. gingivalis, although how these bacteria overcome innate host defenses is largely unknown. To examine the early cellular and molecular events of P. gingivalis interaction with host tissues, we compared lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from this bacterium with Escherichia coli LPS, a potent inflammatory mediator, in a mouse model of acute inflammation. In these studies, mice were given intramuscular injections of either P. gingivalis LPS or E. coli LPS and then sacrificed after 4 h. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis showed that expression of mRNAs for E- and P-selectins was higher in E. coli LPS-injected muscles than in P. gingivalis LPS-injected or control phosphate-buffered-saline-injected muscles. Similarly, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 and fibroblast-induced cytokine mRNAs were expressed in E. coli LPS-injected muscles whereas their expression was reduced or absent in P. gingivalis LPS-injected samples. These results were confirmed by in situ hybridization whereby stronger hybridization for selectin mRNAs was observed in the endothelium of capillaries from E. coli LPS-injected samples than in that from P. gingivalis LPS-injected muscles. In addition, many monocytes expressing monocyte chemotactic protein 1 mRNA and polymorphonuclear leukocytes expressing fibroblast-induced cytokine mRNA were observed in E. coli LPS-injected muscles whereas only a few cells were identified in P. gingivalis LPS-injected muscles. These results demonstrate that compared with E. coli, P. gingivalis has a low biologically reactive LPS as measured by its weak activation of inflammation. This may allow P. gingivalis to evade innate host defense mechanisms, resulting in colonization and chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Reife
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98121, USA
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Krugluger W, Nell A, Solar P, Matejka M, Boltz-Nitulescu G. Influence of sE-selectin and L-selectin on the regulation of cell migration during chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 1995; 30:198-203. [PMID: 7473003 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1995.tb01274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Soluble endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (sE-selectin) levels in peripheral blood (PB) and gingival capillary blood (GCB) of both healthy donors (HD) and patients with adult periodontitis (AP) were assayed by ELISA. Binding of sE-selectin to polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) from PB, GCB and crevicular fluid (GF), and expression of L-selectin and sialyl-Lewisx (sLex) on these cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. No significantly enhanced serum levels of sE-selectin in patients with AP, compared to HD (28 +/- 5 ng/ml vs 19 +/- 3 ng/ml, respectively), and no differences in the concentration of sE-selectin in GCB (16 +/- 1 ng/ml vs 16 +/- 2 ng/ml, respectively) were observed. On PB-PMN no significant differences in the expression of L-selectin and sLex were found and binding of sE-selectin to PB-PMN was comparable between HD and patients with AP. Binding of sE-selectin to GCB-PMN was significantly higher in patients with AP compared to HD (mean channel fluorescence (MCF) = 88.5 +/- 13.2 vs MCF = 24.2 +/- 5.3, respectively). The expression of sLex on GCB-PMN did not differ significantly between the two groups. A significant decrease in the expression of the adhesion molecule L-selectin on GCB-PMNs compared to PB-PMN was found in patients with AP but not in HD. CF-PMN showed decreased expression of both L-selectin and sLex compared to PMN from PB and GCB, both in HD and patients with AP. Taken together, these data suggest that PMN from patients with AP had reduced selectin-mediated adhesive capabilities to inflamed gingival endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Krugluger
- Institute of General and Experimental Pathology, University of Vienna, Austria
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Lotan R, Belloni PN, Tressler RJ, Lotan D, Xu XC, Nicolson GL. Expression of galectins on microvessel endothelial cells and their involvement in tumour cell adhesion. Glycoconj J 1994; 11:462-8. [PMID: 7696849 DOI: 10.1007/bf00731282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Lactoside-binding lectins (galectins) with molecular weights of about 14.5 kDa (galectin-1) and 29-35 kDa (galectin-3) bind preferentially to polylactosaminoglycan-containing glycoconjugates and have been found on the surface of tumour cells and implicated in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and metastasis. We have demonstrated by immunoblotting that both galectin-1 and galectin-3 are present in extracts of endothelial cells cultured from bovine aorta, rat lung, mouse lung and mouse brain microvessels, whereas mouse hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells expressed primarily galectin-1. These galectins were also localized by indirect immunofluorescent labelling on the surface of the different endothelial cells in culture and by immunohistochemical staining in human tissues in vivo. Anti-galectin-1 antibodies inhibited the adhesion of liver-preferring murine RAW117-H10 large-cell lymphoma cells to hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells or lung microvessel endothelial cells in vitro. The data indicate that galectin-1 is expressed on the extracellular surface of endothelial cells and can mediate in part the adhesion of RAW117-H10 cells to liver microvessel endothelial cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Cattle
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Galectin 1
- Galectin 3
- Hemagglutinins/immunology
- Hemagglutinins/metabolism
- Lectins/immunology
- Lectins/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Rats
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lotan
- Department of Tumor Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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Welply JK, Keene JL, Schmuke JJ, Howard SC. Selectins as potential targets of therapeutic intervention in inflammatory diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1197:215-26. [PMID: 7518254 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(94)90006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J K Welply
- Monsanto Corporation, Department of Immunology, St. Louis, MO 63167
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Crawford JM, Watanabe K. Cell adhesion molecules in inflammation and immunity: relevance to periodontal diseases. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 1994; 5:91-123. [PMID: 7858082 DOI: 10.1177/10454411940050020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory and immune responses involve close contact between different populations of cells. These adhesive interactions mediate migration of cells to sites of inflammation and the effector functions of cells within the lesions. Recently, there has been significant progress in understanding the molecular basis of these intercellular contacts. Blocking interactions between cell adhesion molecules and their ligands has successfully suppressed inflammatory reactions in a variety of animal models in vivo. The role of the host response in periodontal disease is receiving renewed attention, but little is known of the function of cell adhesion molecules in these diseases. In this review we summarize the structure, distribution, and function of cell adhesion molecules involved in inflammatory/immune responses. The current knowledge of the distribution of cell adhesion molecules is described and the potential for modulation of cell adhesion molecule function is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Crawford
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry 60612
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