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Sachdeva AK, Dharavath RN, Chopra K. Time-response studies on development of cognitive deficits in an experimental model of insulin resistance. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:1447-1456. [PMID: 30037709 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alzheimer's disease is suggested to be primarily metabolic, mainly characterized by brain insulin resistance. Chronic fructose feeding results in hippocampal insulin resistance. However, variable opinion exists regarding the concentration and duration of fructose feeding to trigger insulin resistance and resultant cognitive insults. Therefore this study was planned to construct a time-response curve of the appearance of fructose-induced insulin resistance and memory insufficiencies in rats over a period of 24 weeks. Further, Pearson's correlations were drawn between indices of insulin resistance and markers of memory deficits at various time points. METHODS Male Wistar rats (6 weeks old; 155 ± 5 g) were fed with 15% fructose in normal drinking water for a period of 24 weeks. Body weight, food and water intake were weekly monitored. Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), lipid profiling, plasma insulin, HOMA-IR index, and systolic blood pressure were estimated to confirm the manifestation of insulin resistance. Cognitive derangements were evaluated by Elevated plus maze and Morris water maze at different time points during the study. RESULTS Most of the parameters including insulin resistance became evident at the 7th week and continued until the end of study (24th week) whereas cognitive insufficiency became significantly distinct at the 20th, 22nd and 24th week. Significantly increased serum nitro-oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and serum homocysteine levels were intensely connected with fructose-induced neuronal deficits. CONCLUSIONS The construction of time response study reveals that the hallmark characteristics of insulin resistance appear from the 7th week of fructose feeding whereas the cognitive dysfunction appears on the 20th week and both persist till the end of the study. Fructose-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation plausibly impair neuronal signaling and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kamal Sachdeva
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Ravinder Naik Dharavath
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
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Ebersole JL, Dawson D, Emecen-Huja P, Nagarajan R, Howard K, Grady ME, Thompson K, Peyyala R, Al-Attar A, Lethbridge K, Kirakodu S, Gonzalez OA. The periodontal war: microbes and immunity. Periodontol 2000 2017; 75:52-115. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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3
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Huang CB, Alimova Y, Ebersole JL. Macrophage polarization in response to oral commensals and pathogens. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw011. [PMID: 26884502 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have been identified in the periodontium. Data have phenotypically described these cells, demonstrated changes with progressing periodontal disease, and identified their ability to function in antigen-presentation critical for adaptive immune responses to individual oral bacterium. Recent evidence has emphasized an important role for the plasticity of macrophage phenotypes, not only in the resulting function of these cells in various tissues, but also clear differences in the stimulatory signals that result in M1 (classical activation, inflammatory) and M2 (alternative activation/deactivated, immunomodulatory) cells. This investigation hypothesized that the oral pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans induce M1-type cells, while oral commensal bacteria primarily elicit macrophage functions consistent with an M2 phenotype. However, we observed that the M1 output from P. gingivalis challenge, showed exaggerated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, with a much lower production of chemokines related to T-cell recruitment. This contrasted with A. actinomycetemcomitans infection that increased both the pro-inflammatory cytokines and T-cell chemokines. Thus, it appears that P. gingivalis, as an oral pathogen, may have a unique capacity to alter the programming of the M1 macrophage resulting in a hyperinflammatory environment and minimizing the ability for T-cell immunomodulatory influx into the lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chifu B Huang
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yelena Alimova
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Inverse Association of Plasma IgG Antibody to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and High C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148638. [PMID: 26871443 PMCID: PMC4752452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between clinically diagnosed periodontitis, a common chronic oral infection, and metabolic syndrome has been previously reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of plasma IgG levels against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia, C-reactive protein, and periodontal status with metabolic syndrome. Plasma IgG levels and C-reactive protein were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and salivary levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Among 127 individuals aged 35–76 years, 57 participants had metabolic syndrome and severe periodontitis, 25 had metabolic syndrome and an absence of severe periodontitis, 17 healthy individuals had severe periodontitis, and 28 healthy individuals were without severe periodontitis. Patients with metabolic syndrome had reduced humoral immune response to A. actinomycetemcomitans (p = 0.008), regardless of their salivary levels or periodontitis status compared with healthy participants. The IgG antibody response to P. gingivalis, regardless of their salivary levels or participants’ health condition, was significantly higher in severe periodontitis patients (p<0.001). Plasma IgG titers for P. intermedia were inconsistent among metabolic syndrome or periodontal participants. Our results indicate that the presence of lower levels of IgG antibodies to A. actinomycetemcomitans (OR = 0.1; 95%CI 0.0–0.7), but not P. gingivalis, a severe periodontitis status (OR = 7.8; 95%CI 1.1–57.0), high C-reactive protein levels (OR = 9.4; 95%CI 1.0–88.2) and body mass index (OR = 3.0; 95%CI 1.7–5.2), are associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome. The role of the decreased IgG antibody response to A. actinomycetemcomitans, increased C-reactive protein levels on the association between periodontal disease and metabolic syndrome in a group of Thai patients is suggested.
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Sachdeva AK, Chopra K. Naringin mitigate okadaic acid-induced cognitive impairment in an experimental paradigm of Alzheimer's disease. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Gonzalez OA, Novak MJ, Kirakodu S, Stromberg A, Nagarajan R, Huang CB, Chen KC, Orraca L, Martinez-Gonzalez J, Ebersole JL. Differential Gene Expression Profiles Reflecting Macrophage Polarization in Aging and Periodontitis Gingival Tissues. Immunol Invest 2015; 44:643-64. [PMID: 26397131 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2015.1070269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has determined a phenotypic and functional heterogeneity for macrophage populations. This plasticity of macrophage function has been related to specific properties of subsets (M1 and M2) of these cells in inflammation, adaptive immune responses and resolution of tissue destructive processes. This investigation hypothesized that targeted alterations in the distribution of macrophage phenotypes in aged individuals, and with periodontitis would be skewed towards M1 inflammatory macrophages in gingival tissues. The study used a non-human primate model to evaluate gene expression profiles as footprints of macrophage variation in healthy and periodontitis gingival tissues from animals 3-23 years of age and in periodontitis tissues in adult and aged animals. Significant increases in multiple genes reflecting overall increases in macrophage activities were observed in healthy aged tissues, and were significantly increased in periodontitis tissues from both adults and aged animals. Generally, gene expression patterns for M2 macrophages were similar in healthy young, adolescent and adult tissues. However, modest increases were noted in healthy aged tissues, similar to those seen in periodontitis tissues from both age groups. M1 macrophage gene transcription patterns increased significantly over the age range in healthy tissues, with multiple genes (e.g. CCL13, CCL19, CCR7 and TLR4) significantly increased in aged animals. Additionally, gene expression patterns for M1 macrophages were significantly increased in adult health versus periodontitis and aged healthy versus periodontitis. The findings supported a significant increase in macrophages with aging and in periodontitis. The primary increases in both healthy aged tissues and, particularly periodontitis tissues appeared in the M1 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Gonzalez
- a Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - M J Novak
- a Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - S Kirakodu
- a Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - A Stromberg
- b Department of Statistics , College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - R Nagarajan
- c Department of Biostatistics , College of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico , San Juan , PR , USA
| | - C B Huang
- a Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - K C Chen
- d Microarray Core Facility, College of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico , San Juan , PR , USA
| | - L Orraca
- e School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico , San Juan , PR , USA , and
| | - J Martinez-Gonzalez
- f Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico , San Juan , PR , USA
| | - J L Ebersole
- a Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
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Lages EJP, Costa FO, Cortelli SC, Cortelli JR, Cota LOM, Cyrino RM, Lages EMB, Nobre-Franco GC, Brito JAR, Gomez RS. Alcohol Consumption and Periodontitis: Quantification of Periodontal Pathogens and Cytokines. J Periodontol 2015; 86:1058-68. [PMID: 26062839 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few studies on periodontal status related to microbiologic and immunologic profiles among individuals not or occasionally using alcohol and those with alcohol dependence. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of alcohol consumption on the levels of subgingival periodontal pathogens and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) in the gingival fluid among individuals with and without periodontitis. METHODS This observational analytic study includes 88 volunteers allocated in four groups (n = 22): individuals with alcohol dependence and periodontitis (ADP), individuals with alcohol dependence and without periodontitis (ADNP), individuals not or occasionally using alcohol with periodontitis (NAP), and individuals not or occasionally using alcohol without periodontitis (NANP). Levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Eikenella corrodens, and Fusobacterium nucleatum were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction on the basis of the subgingival biofilm, and IL-1β and TNF-α were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in gingival fluid samples. RESULTS Individuals with alcohol dependence showed worse periodontal status and higher levels of P. intermedia, E. corrodens, F. nucleatum, and IL-1β than non-users. No significant correlations between TNF-α and bacterial levels were observed. However, in the ADP group, higher levels of E. corrodens were correlated with higher levels of IL-1β. CONCLUSION A negative influence of alcohol consumption was observed on clinical and microbiologic periodontal parameters, as well as a slight influence on immunologic parameters, signaling the need for additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugênio J P Lages
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Dental Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernando O Costa
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Dental Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sheila C Cortelli
- Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R Cortelli
- Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís O M Cota
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Dental Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renata Magalhães Cyrino
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Dental Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth M B Lages
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Dental Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gilson C Nobre-Franco
- Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João A R Brito
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Dental Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo S Gomez
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Dental Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Neuroprotective effect of curcumin on okadaic acid induced memory impairment in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 715:381-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kamat PK, Rai S, Nath C. Okadaic acid induced neurotoxicity: An emerging tool to study Alzheimer's disease pathology. Neurotoxicology 2013; 37:163-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Ebersole JL, Dawson DR, Morford LA, Peyyala R, Miller CS, Gonzaléz OA. Periodontal disease immunology: 'double indemnity' in protecting the host. Periodontol 2000 2013; 62:163-202. [PMID: 23574466 PMCID: PMC4131201 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the last two to three decades our understanding of the immunobiology of periodontal disease has increased exponentially, both with respect to the microbial agents triggering the disease process and the molecular mechanisms of the host engagement maintaining homeostasis or leading to collateral tissue damage. These foundational scientific findings have laid the groundwork for translating cell phenotype, receptor engagement, intracellular signaling pathways and effector functions into a 'picture' of the periodontium as the host responds to the 'danger signals' of the microbial ecology to maintain homeostasis or succumb to a disease process. These findings implicate the chronicity of the local response in attempting to manage the microbial challenge, creating a 'Double Indemnity' in some patients that does not 'insure' health for the periodontium. As importantly, in reflecting the title of this volume of Periodontology 2000, this review attempts to inform the community of how the science of periodontal immunology gestated, how continual probing of the biology of the disease has led to an evolution in our knowledge base and how more recent studies in the postgenomic era are revolutionizing our understanding of disease initiation, progression and resolution. Thus, there has been substantial progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of host-bacteria interactions that result in the clinical presentation and outcomes of destructive periodontitis. The science has embarked from observations of variations in responses related to disease expression with a focus for utilization of the responses in diagnosis and therapeutic outcomes, to current investigations using cutting-edge fundamental biological processes to attempt to model the initiation and progression of soft- and hard-tissue destruction of the periodontium. As importantly, the next era in the immunobiology of periodontal disease will need to engage more sophisticated experimental designs for clinical studies to enable robust translation of basic biologic processes that are in action early in the transition from health to disease, those which stimulate microenvironmental changes that select for a more pathogenic microbial ecology and those that represent a rebalancing of the complex host responses and a resolution of inflammatory tissue destruction.
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Kamat PK, Tota S, Rai S, Swarnkar S, Shukla R, Nath C. A study on neuroinflammatory marker in brain areas of okadaic acid (ICV) induced memory impaired rats. Life Sci 2012; 90:713-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tew JG, El Shikh ME, El Sayed RM, Schenkein HA. Dendritic cells, antibodies reactive with oxLDL, and inflammation. J Dent Res 2011; 91:8-16. [PMID: 21531918 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511407338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis appears to promote chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis, but relevant mechanisms need clarification. Oral bacteria induce antibodies that bind not only bacteria, but also oxLDL. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans induce remarkable IgG responses that are dominated by IgG2, and IgG2 is IFN-γ-dependent and is promoted by dendritic cells (DCs). LDL-reactive antibodies induced by P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans include anti-phosphorylcholine (α-PC) and β2-glycoprotein-1-dependent anticardiolipin (α-CL), and these antibodies may link chronic inflammatory diseases at a mechanistic level. Antibody-mediated uptake of oxLDL or bacteria dramatically enhances DC-IL-12, and DC-IL-12 induces NK-cell-IFN-γ responses that promote Th-1 responses and sustained inflammation. DCs may be derived from monocytes, and this is striking in cultures of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) monocytes, where DC numbers are about double control levels. Moreover, serum α-CL levels in individuals with AgP are frequently elevated, and these antibodies promote atherosclerosis in persons with antiphospholipid syndrome. Elevated serum levels of soluble-intercellular adhesion molecule, soluble-vascular cell adhesion molecule, and soluble-E-selectin are atherosclerosis-associated indicators of vascular inflammation, and these markers are elevated in the subset of AgP patients with high α-CL. We reason that periodontitis patients with elevated antibodies reactive with oxLDL could be a subgroup at high risk for cardiovascular sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Tew
- Clinical Research Center for Periodontal Diseases, School of Dentistry, VCU, Richmond, VA 23298-0556, USA.
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Preshaw PM, Taylor JJ. How has research into cytokine interactions and their role in driving immune responses impacted our understanding of periodontitis? J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38 Suppl 11:60-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Holla LI, Hrdlickova B, Linhartova P, Fassmann A. Interferon-γ +874A/T polymorphism in relation to generalized chronic periodontitis and the presence of periodontopathic bacteria. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 56:153-8. [PMID: 20932510 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is one of the key regulatory cytokines that has a significant effect on immune responses. It may be important in the chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis in which increased IFN-γ levels were found. The aim of this study was to analyze +874A/T polymorphism in the IFN-γ gene and its associations with the presence of periodontopathic bacteria and susceptibility to generalized chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS A total of 498 unrelated Czech white subjects were included in the present study. Genomic DNA was obtained from the peripheral blood of 244 patients with CP and 254 healthy subjects. The IFN-γ +874A/T polymorphism was determined by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). Subgingival bacterial colonization (A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia, T. denticola, P. micros, F. nucleatum in subgingival pockets) was investigated by the DNA-microarray based periodontal pathogen detection kit in a subgroup of subjects (N=110). RESULTS Our results showed no differences in the allele and genotype frequencies of the IFN-γ +874A/T polymorphism between patients with CP and controls (P>0.05). Although we found significant differences in the occurrence of periodontal bacteria between patients with CP and healthy controls (from P<0.00001 to P<0.05), no significant association between IFN-γ +874A/T polymorphism and periodontal pathogens was observed in any group. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these findings indicate that putative functional variant in the IFN-γ is not associated with susceptibility to chronic periodontitis or microbial composition in the Czech population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Izakovicova Holla
- Clinic of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic.
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Casarin RCV, Del Peloso Ribeiro É, Mariano FS, Nociti Jr FH, Casati MZ, Gonçalves RB. Levels of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, inflammatory cytokines and species-specific immunoglobulin G in generalized aggressive and chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:635-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Reichert S, Machulla HK, Klapproth J, Zimmermann U, Reichert Y, Gläser C, Schaller HG, Schulz S. Interferon-Gamma and Interleukin-12 Gene Polymorphisms and Their Relation to Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis and Key Periodontal Pathogens. J Periodontol 2008; 79:1434-43. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.070637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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The essential role of IFN-γ in the control of lethal Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans infection in mice. Microbes Infect 2008; 10:489-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2007] [Revised: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wu Y, Sukumar S, El Shikh ME, Best AM, Szakal AK, Tew JG. Immune complex-bearing follicular dendritic cells deliver a late antigenic signal that promotes somatic hypermutation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:281-90. [PMID: 18097029 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.1.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We reasoned that immune complex (IC)-bearing follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) promote somatic hypermutation (SHM). This hypothesis was tested in murine germinal center reactions induced in vitro by coculturing 6-day (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl-primed but unmutated lambda+ B cells, chicken gamma-globulin (CGG) memory T cells, FDCs, and ICs (anti-CGG plus NP-CGG). Mutations in primed lambda+ B cells were obtained only when both FDCs and immunogen were present. FDCs alone promoted B cell survival and Ab production but there were no mutations without more immunogen. Moreover, the mutation rate was enhanced when FDCs were activated. Trapped ICs ranged from 200 to 500 A apart on FDC membranes and this correlated with the periodicity known to optimally signal BCRs. FDCs are unique in their ability to retain ICs for months and a second signal mediated by FDC-ICs appeared to be needed a week or more after immunization by immunogen persisting on FDCs. However, the time needed to detect extensive SHM could be reduced to 7 days if ICs were injected together with memory T cells in vivo. In marked contrast, no mutations were apparent after 7 days in vivo if ICs were replaced by free Ag that would not load on FDCs until Ab was produced. The data suggest that specific Ab production leads to the following events: Ab encounters Ag and ICs are formed, ICs are trapped by FDCs, B cells are stimulated by periodically arranged Ag in ICs on FDCs, and this late antigenic signal promotes SHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhong Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology Group, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0678, USA
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Sosroseno W, Musa M, Ravichandran M, Ibrahim MF, Bird PS, Seymour GJ. Effect of inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on the murine splenic immune response induced by Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide. Eur J Oral Sci 2008; 116:31-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2007.00501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schenkein HA, Barbour SE, Tew JG. Cytokines and inflammatory factors regulating immunoglobulin production in aggressive periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2007; 45:113-27. [PMID: 17850452 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2007.00214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harvey A Schenkein
- Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA, USA
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Sosroseno W, Musa M, Ravichandran M, Fikri Ibrahim M, Bird PS, Seymour GJ. Effect of l-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine, an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on murine immune response induced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide. J Periodontal Res 2007; 42:124-30. [PMID: 17305870 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity is known to regulate the immune response. The present study was carried out to determine the effect of L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine (L-NIL), an iNOS inhibitor, on the induction of immune response to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS BALB/c mice were sham-immunized (group I), immunized with A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (group II) or treated with L-NIL and immunized with A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (group III). All animals were then challenged with viable A. actinomycetemcomitans. The levels of serum nitric oxide (NO), specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypes and both interferon-gamma and interleukin-4, as well as spleen cell-derived iNOS activity, before and after bacterial challenge, were assessed. The diameter of skin lesions was also determined. Serum and spleen cells from the above groups were adoptively transferred to the recipients that were then subsequently challenged with live bacteria. RESULTS Treatment with L-NIL suppressed serum NO and splenic iNOS activity, but enhanced serum-specific IgG2a antibody and interferon-gamma levels. The lesions in L-NIL-treated mice healed much more rapidly. Transfer with serum and cells from L-NIL-treated and A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide-immunized donors resulted in rapid healing of the lesions in the recipients. CONCLUSION It is suggested that treatment with L-NIL in mice immunized with A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide may shift the immune response towards a protective T helper 1-like immunity against A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sosroseno
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.
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